CN101502770A - 用于改善离子液体在固体表面上的润湿性的性能添加剂 - Google Patents
用于改善离子液体在固体表面上的润湿性的性能添加剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101502770A CN101502770A CNA2009100066101A CN200910006610A CN101502770A CN 101502770 A CN101502770 A CN 101502770A CN A2009100066101 A CNA2009100066101 A CN A2009100066101A CN 200910006610 A CN200910006610 A CN 200910006610A CN 101502770 A CN101502770 A CN 101502770A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- methyl
- group
- composition
- methylimidazole
- ethyl
- Prior art date
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- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 title claims description 32
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- -1 and if suitable Substances 0.000 claims description 262
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 47
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 31
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 29
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 23
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000007860 aryl ester derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroperoxyl Chemical compound O[O] OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 67
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 67
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 56
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 43
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 40
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 35
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 29
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 28
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 26
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 23
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 20
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 20
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 18
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 16
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 15
- 125000001889 triflyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 15
- MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-1H-imidazole Chemical compound CN1C=CN=C1 MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycine betaine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 12
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- IBZJNLWLRUHZIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-methyl-2h-imidazole Chemical compound CCN1CN(C)C=C1 IBZJNLWLRUHZIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 8
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 8
- KAIPKTYOBMEXRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3-methyl-2h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCCN1CN(C)C=C1 KAIPKTYOBMEXRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- RZNHHGMCDDENDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1-methylimidazol-2-yl)ethanol Chemical compound CC(O)C1=NC=CN1C RZNHHGMCDDENDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 description 6
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 5
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 125000005313 fatty acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl sulfate(1-) Chemical compound COS([O-])(=O)=O JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 5
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiocyanic acid Chemical compound SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- MCMFEZDRQOJKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butylimidazole Chemical class CCCCN1C=CN=C1 MCMFEZDRQOJKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FROQVHAYMSVXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexyl-2h-pyridine Chemical compound CCCCCCN1CC=CC=C1 FROQVHAYMSVXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WWUVJRULCWHUSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CCCC(C)=C WWUVJRULCWHUSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NECRQCBKTGZNMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dimethylhex-1-yn-3-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(O)C#C NECRQCBKTGZNMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CC(C)CC=C WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLSZMDLNRCVEIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylimidazole Chemical compound CC1=CNC=N1 XLSZMDLNRCVEIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000008051 alkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910014307 bSiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- BJQWYEJQWHSSCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptacosane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC BJQWYEJQWHSSCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- NDKYLZBPBQOIRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl(tetradecyl)phosphane Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCPCCCCCC NDKYLZBPBQOIRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000370738 Chlorion Species 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Natural products NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lactate Chemical compound CC(O)C([O-])=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Natural products NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- IPTLKMXBROVJJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium;methyl sulfate Chemical compound N.COS(O)(=O)=O IPTLKMXBROVJJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940006460 bromide ion Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- KIWBPDUYBMNFTB-UHFFFAOYSA-M ethyl sulfate Chemical compound CCOS([O-])(=O)=O KIWBPDUYBMNFTB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- LGRLWUINFJPLSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanide Chemical compound [CH3-] LGRLWUINFJPLSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003217 pyrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- 239000011833 salt mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005573 silicon-containing polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- DWXPYPYNNXEZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,4,5-tetramethyl-2h-imidazole Chemical class CN1CN(C)C(C)=C1C DWXPYPYNNXEZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LGIBFAPVBKRRMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-diethyl-2-methyl-2H-pyridine Chemical compound C(C)N1C(C=CC(=C1)CC)C LGIBFAPVBKRRMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UNHLJKKLBUFUPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-2-ethyl-2H-pyridine Chemical compound C(CCC)N1C(C=CC=C1)CC UNHLJKKLBUFUPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AWYVOUGUSDCGAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-2-methyl-2h-pyridine Chemical compound CCCCN1C=CC=CC1C AWYVOUGUSDCGAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GDCCFQMGFUZVKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-2h-pyridine Chemical compound CCCCN1CC=CC=C1 GDCCFQMGFUZVKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NUERQGVFBSQRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3,4,5-trimethyl-2h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCCN1CN(C)C(C)=C1C NUERQGVFBSQRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NKRCZDKSJYPMLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3-ethyl-2-methyl-2H-pyridine Chemical compound C(CCC)N1C(C(=CC=C1)CC)C NKRCZDKSJYPMLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CMZXJFZCXXCIIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecyl-2-ethyl-2H-pyridine Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCCCC)N1C(C=CC=C1)CC CMZXJFZCXXCIIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FZCIPZVRXZEKLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecyl-2-methyl-2h-pyridine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN1C=CC=CC1C FZCIPZVRXZEKLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YIOGLGOXZGOFCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecyl-2h-pyridine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN1CC=CC=C1 YIOGLGOXZGOFCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GCRXLBLHBKCPHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecyl-3-ethyl-2-methyl-2H-pyridine Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCCCC)N1C(C(=CC=C1)CC)C GCRXLBLHBKCPHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DVNFMHWKXQEEAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecyl-3-methyl-2h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN1CN(C)C=C1 DVNFMHWKXQEEAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JMTFLSQHQSFNTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecylimidazole Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCN1C=CN=C1 JMTFLSQHQSFNTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OIKCWPURLYQCEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-2-methyl-2h-pyridine Chemical compound CCN1C=CC=CC1C OIKCWPURLYQCEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UCRIXEWTILHNCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-2h-pyridine Chemical compound CCN1CC=CC=C1 UCRIXEWTILHNCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UBRPFXCCMMHCKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexyl-2-methyl-2H-pyridine Chemical compound C(CCCCC)N1C(C=CC=C1)C UBRPFXCCMMHCKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WGVGZVWOOMIJRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexyl-3-methyl-2h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCCCCN1CN(C)C=C1 WGVGZVWOOMIJRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- STCBHSHARMAIOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-1h-imidazol-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CN1C=CN=C1 STCBHSHARMAIOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DMWVYCCGCQPJEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-bis(tert-butylperoxy)-2,5-dimethylhexane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)CCC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C DMWVYCCGCQPJEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZITBHNVGLSVXEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(16-methylheptadecoxy)ethoxy]ethanol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOCCOCCO ZITBHNVGLSVXEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZJQSJWCXSGAZFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-1-hexyl-2H-pyridine Chemical compound C(CCCCC)N1C(C=CC=C1)CC ZJQSJWCXSGAZFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBGVDRFDCWCCMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-1-methyl-2H-pyridine Chemical compound CCC1C=CC=CN1C HBGVDRFDCWCCMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LXBGSDVWAMZHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1 LXBGSDVWAMZHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004398 2-methyl-2-butyl group Chemical group CC(C)(CC)* 0.000 description 2
- MHNNAWXXUZQSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbut-1-ene Chemical compound CCC(C)=C MHNNAWXXUZQSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000094 2-phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- WVTUYDXGRBJVGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethyl-1-hexyl-2-methyl-2H-pyridine Chemical compound C(CCCCC)N1C(C(=CC=C1)CC)C WVTUYDXGRBJVGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004917 3-methyl-2-butyl group Chemical group CC(C(C)*)C 0.000 description 2
- LDTAOIUHUHHCMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylpent-1-ene Chemical compound CCC(C)C=C LDTAOIUHUHHCMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000006201 3-phenylpropyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- IAFQBDQXXOVBHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-ethyl-1,2-dimethyl-2h-pyridine Chemical compound CCC1=CN(C)C(C)C=C1 IAFQBDQXXOVBHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 2
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- PUZYNDBTWXJXKN-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC PUZYNDBTWXJXKN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VRKHAMWCGMJAMI-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrahexylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCCCC[N+](CCCCCC)(CCCCCC)CCCCCC VRKHAMWCGMJAMI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- UWHZIFQPPBDJPM-BQYQJAHWSA-N trans-vaccenic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC\C=C\CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UWHZIFQPPBDJPM-BQYQJAHWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylphosphine Chemical compound CCCCP(CCCC)CCCC TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHSMMMCWLVSRFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoromethylsulfonyl butane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound C(CCC)S(=O)(=O)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F JHSMMMCWLVSRFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005065 undecenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
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- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/26—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C11D3/28—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen in the ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
- C11D1/60—Sulfonium or phosphonium compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
- C11D1/62—Quaternary ammonium compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/82—Compounds containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/26—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C11D3/30—Amines; Substituted amines ; Quaternized amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/34—Organic compounds containing sulfur
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/36—Organic compounds containing phosphorus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
- C23G5/06—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using emulsions
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/22—Agents rendering paper porous, absorbent or bulky
- D21H21/24—Surfactants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/287—Partial esters
- C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
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Abstract
本申请公开了组合物,其含有至少一种离子液体和至少一种性能添加剂,以及如果合适的话,溶剂和/或进一步的助剂或添加剂,以及它作为润湿剂用于固体表面的用途。
Description
本发明涉及改善离子液体在固体表面上的润湿性。
现有技术
离子液体已投入使用,且被建议用于众多固体表面的润湿起到重要作用的应用中。这样的应用的实例为在分离处理,特别是蒸馏分离处理中作为润滑剂使用。离子液体的润湿和扩散性质常不令人满意,因此,尽管具有优良的性质概况,由于该缺陷经证明是不合适的。
发明目的
因此本发明的目的在于有效地控制离子液体的润湿和扩散性质,从而使它们可以普遍并持久地用于固体表面需要润湿的应用中。液体恰当的润湿性可显著改善在应用中的性能。
和清洁剂相比,清洁剂表面活性地促进表面的润湿(在清洁过程期间主要的暂时润湿),扩散对于清洁不一定是优势。
此外,在清洁应用中与待清洁表面仅发生短暂接触,而在根据本发明的应用中发生持久或周期性重复接触时,在表面上经常使用。例如,当在变速箱中使用时,在使用变速箱的的至少95%的时间中发生离子液体润湿;相反地,例如,当降膜蒸馏过程中热交换表面重复被离子液体的薄层润湿时周期性使用得以确保,这引起例子液体的扩散作用,从而有助于根据本发明的有利效果。
这清楚地表明简短的漂洗-除去(rinse-off)应用和本发明无关,反而需要持续很长的留着(leave-on)应用。总的说来,表面应总是或至少大部分被离子液体润湿并保持润湿,且表面张力不应当如清洁应用中那样仅稍稍降低。
在不是本发明的主题的清洁应用中,除离子液体外,水或溶剂浓度一般也很重要。然而,就本发明而言,离子液体本身的浓度很高,且应通过性能添加剂优化其性能(例如,润滑性)。
本发明的组合物包含:
50到99.999重量%,优选为80到99.999重量%,特别是至少95重量%且特别优选为>98到99.999重量%的一种或多种离子液体,
和0到20重量%,优选为0到10重量%且特别优选为0到5重量%的溶剂,
和0到20重量%,优选为0到10重量%且特别优选为0到5重量%的助剂和添加剂,
和0.001到10重量%,优选为0.001到5重量%且特别优选为0.05到1重量%的一种或多种根据本发明的性能添加剂,
其中所述组合物的所有组分的总量为100重量%。
就本发明的性能添加剂而言,同时具有高扩散和良好润湿是有利的。与不根据本发明且要求高润湿但不另外提供良好扩散的清洁剂相比,这一点可再次得以强调。就用作润滑剂的纯离子液体而言,在待润滑的表面上成膜具有关键意义。如果扩散同样很高,表面的润湿随着很薄的膜的形成而发生。这可降低所需的润湿剂和分散剂的浓度并可节约成本。就蒸馏分离过程而言,被蒸馏的物料在蒸发器表面的润湿和扩散也具有关键性。如果润湿/扩散得以改善,则蒸发器表面上的液膜变薄且产量(throughput)可以增大。
离子液体一般是在低温(<100℃)下熔化的盐,并表示仅由离子组成的一类新液体。和传统的盐熔体相比,传统的盐熔体是高熔点、高粘度且高腐蚀性的介质,离子液体为液体且即使在低温下也具有相对较低的粘度(K.R.Seddon J.Chem.Technol.Biotechnol.1997,68,351-356)。
现在意外发现,以前专用于含水体系的添加剂实现了目的。
对于本发明的目的,离子液体为通式I、II或III的盐:
[A]n +[Y]n- (I)
其中n是1、2、3或4,[A]+是季铵阳离子、氧鎓阳离子、锍阳离子或磷鎓阳离子,[Y]n-是一价、二价、三价或四价阴离子;或
通式(II)的混合盐
[A1]+[A2]+[Y]2- (IIa);
[A1]+[A2]+[A3]+[Y]3-(IIb);或
[A1]+[A2]+[A3]+[A4]+[Y]4- (IIc),
其中[A1]+、[A2]+[A3]+和[A4]+各自独立地选自对[A]+所提到的集合,[Y]n-和式(I)中的定义相同;或
通式(III)的混合盐
[A1]+[A2]+[A3]+[M1]+[Y]4- (IIIa);
[A1]+[A2]+[M1]+[M2]+[Y]4- (IIIb);
[A1]+[M1]+[M2]+[M3]+[Y]4- (IIIc);
[A1]+[A2]+[M1]+[Y]3- (IIId);
[A1]+[M1]+[M2]+[Y]3- (IIIe);
[A1]+[M1]+[Y]2- (IIIf);
[A1]+[A2]+[M4]2+[Y]4- (IIIg);
[A1]+[M1]+[M4]2+[Y]4- (IIIh);
[A1]+[M5]3+[Y]4- (IIIi);或
[A1]+[M4]2+[Y]3- (IIIj)
其中[A1]+、[A2]+和[A3]+各自独立地选自对[A]+所提到的集合,[Y]n-和式(I)中的定义相同,[M1]+、[M2]+、[M3]+为一价金属阳离子,[M4]2+为二价金属阳离子,且[M5]3+为三价金属阳离子;
或式(I)到(III)的混合盐。
离子液体包含例如,阴离子比如卤化物、羧酸盐、磷酸盐、硫氰酸盐、异硫氰酸盐、二氰胺、硫酸盐、烷基硫酸盐、磺酸盐、烷基磺酸盐、四氟硼酸盐、六氟磷酸盐或二(三氟甲基磺酰基)酰亚胺的阴离子和,例如,取代的铵、磷鎓、吡啶或咪唑鎓阳离子相组合,上述阴离子和阳离子表示大量可能的阴离子和阳离子中的较小选择,因此列举不完全或者说没有任何限制。
根据本发明使用的离子液体优选由至少一种季氮和/或磷化合物和/或硫化合物和至少一种阴离子组成,且它们的熔点低于约+250℃,优选低于约+150℃,特别低于约+100℃。根据本发明使用的离子液体或它们的混合物在室温下特别优选为液体。
例如,优选用于本发明目的的离子液体可由至少一种下列通式的阳离子组成:
R1R2R3R4N+ (IV)
R1R2N+=CR3R4 (V)
R1R2R3R4P+ (VI)
R1R2P+=CR3R4 (VII)
R1R2R3S+ (VIII)
其中
R1、R2、R3、R4相同或不同,且各自为氢、具有1到30个碳原子且可含有双键的直链的或带支链的脂肪烃基团、具有5到40个碳原子且可含有双键的环脂肪烃基团、具有6到40个碳原子的芳烃基团、具有7到40个碳原子的烷基芳基、具有2到30个碳原子且被一个或多个杂原子(氧、NH、NR′,其中R′是可含有双键的C1-C30-烷基,特别是-CH3)间断且可含有双键的直链的或带支链的脂肪烃基团、具有2到30个碳原子且被一个或多个官能团间断且可含有双键的直链的或带支链的的脂肪烃基团(所述官能团选自-O-C(O)-、-(O)C-O-、-NH-C(O)-、-(O)C-NH、-(CH3)N-C(O)-、-(O)C-N(CH3)-、-S(O2)-O-、-O-S(O2)-、-S(O2)-NH-、-NH-S(O2)-、-S(O2)-N(CH3)-、-N(CH3)-S(O2)-)、具有1到30个碳原子且被OH、OR′、NH2、N(H)R′、N(R′)2(其中R′是可含有双键的C1-C30-烷基)在端部官能化的可含有双键的直链的或带支链的脂肪烃或环脂肪烃基团或式-(R5-O)n-R6的具有嵌段或随机结构的聚醚,
其中
R5是具有2到4个碳原子的直链的或带支链的烃基,
n为1到100,优选为2到60,且
R6是氢、具有1到30个碳原子且可含有双键的直链的或带支链的脂肪烃基团、具有5到40个碳原子且可含有双键的环脂肪烃基团、具有6到40个碳原子的芳烃基团、具有7到40个碳原子的烷基芳基或-C(O)-R7基团,其中
R7是具有1到30个碳原子且可含有双键的直链的或带支链的脂肪烃基团、具有5到40个碳原子且可含有双键的环脂肪烃基团、具有6到40个碳原子的芳烃基团、具有7到40个碳原子的烷基芳基。
优选烷基化脂肪酸的季铵盐,也称为季氨烷醇胺酯(alkanolamine esterquats),其特征在于R1R2R3R4N+A-(IV)型的通式,其中R1是具有1到20个碳原子的烷基,R2是具有1到4个碳原子的烷基,R3是(CH2CHRO)n-H基团,其中n为1到200且R为H或CH3,R4是具有1到4个碳原子的烷基或(CH2CHRO)n-H基团,其中n为1到200且R为H或CH3且A是一价阴离子。
在这些化合物中,优选下式的物质
(IX)R6 4-mN+[((CH2)n-Q-R7]m X-
其中:各个基团R6独立为具有1到6个碳原子的烷基或羟烷基、或苯甲基,优选为甲基;基团R7各自独立为氢、具有11到22个碳原子的直链的或带支链的烷基、具有11到22个碳原子的直链的或带支链的烯基,条件是至少一个基团R7不是氢;
Q独立地选自具有下列通式的基团:-O-CO)-、-C(O)O、-NR8-C(O)-、-C(O)-NR8-、-O-C(O)-O、-CHR9-O-C(O)-或-CH(OCOR7)-CH2-O-C(O)-,其中R8是氢、甲基、乙基、丙基或丁基且R9是氢或甲基,且Q优选为-O-C(O)-或-NH-C(O)-;m为1到4且优选为2或3;n为1到4且优选为2;X是和增塑剂相容的阴离子,例如氯离子、溴离子、甲基硫酸根、乙基硫酸根、硫酸根或硝酸根,优选为氯化物或甲基硫酸根阴离子。季铵化合物可含有1到m个不同的不为氢的基团R7的化合物的混合物。这样的混合物优选平均具有1.2到2.5个不为氢的基团R7。非氢基团R7的比例优选为1.4到2.0,更优选为1.6到1.9。
优选的季铵化合物为下列类型的化合物:
(X)R6N+[CH2CHR9OH-][CH2CHR9OC(O)R7]2X-
(XI)R6N+[CH2CHR9OC(O)R7]2X-
(XII)R6N+[CH2CHR9OH-][CH2CH2NHC(O)R7]2X-,其中R6、R7和X如上式(I)定义,条件是R7不是氢。
-C(O)R7部分优选为含油(fat-containing)酰基。可使用的含油酰基源于甘油三脂的天然来源,优选为牛脂、植物油、部分氢化的牛脂和部分氢化的植物油。可使用的甘油三脂的来源是豆油、牛脂、部分氢化的牛脂、棕榈油、棕榈仁、油菜籽、猪油、椰油、油菜、红花油、玉米、稻米和妥尔油和这些组分的混合物。
本领域技术人员了解所述含脂肪酸化合物的组成受一定的自然波动,所述波动取决于产量之间的差别或多种植物油来源。R7基团通常是饱和和不饱和脂肪酸的直碳链和支碳链的混合物。
在这样的混合物中,不饱和的基团R7的比例优选为至少10%,特别优选为至少25%且尤其特别优选为40到70%。在这样的混合物中,多种(multiply)不饱和的基团R7的比例少于10%,优选为少于5%且特别优选为少于3%。如果必要,可进行部分氢化以增大饱和特性并从而改善最终产品的稳定性(例如,气味、颜色等)。碘值表示的不饱和材料的含量应在5到150的范围内,优选在5到50的范围内。不饱和的基团R7中的双键的顺式和反式异构体的比例优选大于1:1且特别优选在4:1到50:1的范围内。
式(IX)的化合物的优选的实例为:
N,N-二(牛脂基氧基乙基)-N,N-二甲基氯化铵;
N,N-二(菜子油基氧基乙基)-N,N-二甲基氯化铵;
N,N-二(牛脂基氧基乙基)-N-甲基、N-(2-羟乙基)甲基硫酸铵;
N,N-二(菜子油基氧基乙基)-N-甲基、N-(2-羟乙基)甲基硫酸铵;
N,N-二(牛脂基氨基乙基)-N-甲基、N-(2-羟乙基)甲基硫酸铵;
N,N-二(2-牛脂基氧基-2-氧代乙基)-N,N-二甲基氯化铵;
N,N-二(2-菜子油基氧基-2-氧代乙基)-N,N-二甲基氯化铵;
N,N-二(2-牛脂基氧基乙基羰基氧基乙基)-N,N-二甲基氯化铵;
N,N-二(2-菜子油基氧基乙基羰基氧基乙基)-N,N-二甲基氯化铵;
N(2-牛脂酰基氧基-2-乙基)-N-(2-牛脂基氧基-2-氧代乙基)-N,N-二甲基氯化铵;
N(2-菜子油基氧基-2-乙基)-N(2-菜子油基氧基-2-氧代乙基)-N,N-二甲基氯化铵;
N,N,N-三(牛脂基氧基乙基)-N-甲基氯化铵;
N,N,N-三(菜子油基氧基乙基)-N-甲基氯化铵;
1,2-二牛脂基氧基-3-N,N,N-三甲基丙基氯化铵;和
1,2-二菜子油基氧基-3-N,N,N-三甲基丙基氯化铵。
进一步优选的季铵盐是二牛脂二甲基氯化铵、二牛脂二甲基甲基硫酸铵、二(氢化牛脂)的二甲基氯化铵、二硬脂酰二甲基氯化铵和二山嵛酰二甲基氯化铵。
进一步可能的阳离子是源于在4到10元,优选为5或6元可被取代的杂环中具有三价氮原子的,饱和或不饱和的环状化合物或芳香族化合物的阳离子。这样的阳离子可通过通式(XIII)、(XIV)和(XV)以简化的形式(即,不指明分子中双键的准确位置和数目)描述,其中,如果合适的话,所述杂环还可含有多个杂原子。
这里,R1和R2如上定义,
R是氢原子、具有1到30个碳原子且可含有双键的直链的或带支链的脂肪烃基团、具有5到40个碳原子且可含有双键的环脂肪烃基团、具有6到40个碳原子的芳烃基团或具有7到40个碳原子的烷基芳基。
X是氧原子、硫原子或被取代的氮原子(X=O、S、NR1)。
上述类型的环状氮化合物的实例为吡咯烷、二氢化吡咯、吡咯、咪唑啉、噁唑啉、噁唑、噻唑啉、噻唑、异噁唑、异噻唑、吲哚、咔唑、哌啶、吡啶、异构的甲基吡啶和二甲基吡啶、喹啉和异喹啉。通式(XIII)、(XIV)和(XV)的环状氮化合物可未被取代(R=H)或被基团R单取代或多取代,其中当被R多取代时,各个基团R可以是不同的。
进一步可能的阳离子是源于在4到10元,优选为5或6元的杂环中具有一个以上三价氮原子的,饱和的脂肪族化合物,饱和或不饱和的环状化合物或芳香族化合物。这些化合物可在碳原子或氮原子上被取代。它们还可被稠合至取代或未被取代的苯环和/或环己烷环以形成多环结构。这样的化合物的实例是吡唑、3,5-二甲基吡唑、咪唑、苯并咪唑、N-甲基咪唑、二氢吡唑、吡唑烷、哒嗪、嘧啶、吡嗪、2,3-、2,5-和2,6-二甲基吡嗪、噌啉、酞嗪、喹唑啉、吩嗪和哌嗪。发现源于咪唑和它的烷基和苯基衍生物的阳离子特别适合作为离子液体的组分。
可能的阳离子还包括含有两个氮原子并由通式(XVI)表示的离子
其中
R8、R9、R10、R11、R12为相同的或不同的,且各自为氢、具有1到30个碳原子且可含有双键的直链的或带支链的脂肪烃基团、具有5到40个碳原子且可含有双键的环脂肪烃基团、具有6到40个碳原子的芳烃基团、具有7到40个碳原子的烷基芳基、具有1到30个碳原子且被一个或多个杂原子(氧、NH、NR′,其中R′是可含有双键的C1-C30-烷基,特别是-CH3)间断且可含有双键的直链的或带支链的脂肪烃基团、具有1到30个碳原子且被一个或多个官能团间断且可含有双键的直链的或带支链的的脂肪烃基团(所述官能团选自-O-C(O)-、-(O)C-O-、-NH-C(O)-、-(O)C-NH、-(CH3)N-C(O)-、-(O)C-N(CH3)-、-S(O2)-O-、-O-S(O2)-、-S(O2)-NH-、-NH-S(O2)-、-S(O2)-N(CH3)-、-N(CH3)-S(O2)-)、具有1到30个碳原子且被OH、OR′、NH2、N(H)R′、N(R′)2(其中R′是可含有双键的C1-C30-烷基)在端部官能化的可含有双键的直链的或带支链的脂肪烃或环脂肪烃基团或式-(R5-O)n-R6的具有嵌段或随机结构的聚醚,
其中
R5是具有2到4个碳原子的直链的或带支链的烃基,
n为1到100且
R6是氢、具有1到30个碳原子且可含有双键的直链的或带支链的脂肪烃基团、具有5到40个碳原子且可含有双键的环脂肪烃基团、具有6到40个碳原子的芳烃基团、具有7到40个碳原子的烷基芳基或-C(O)-R7基团,其中
R7是具有1到30个碳原子且可含有双键的直链的或带支链的脂肪烃基团、具有5到40个碳原子且可含有双键的环脂肪烃基团、具有6到40个碳原子的芳烃基团、具有7到40个碳原子的烷基芳基。
作为特别优选的咪唑鎓离子(XII),可提及1-甲基咪唑鎓、1-乙基咪唑鎓、1-(1-丁基)咪唑鎓、1-(1-辛基)咪唑鎓、1-(1-十二烷基)咪唑鎓、1-(1-十四烷基)咪唑鎓、1-(1-十六烷基)咪唑鎓、1,3-二甲基咪唑鎓、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓、1-(1-丁基)-3-甲基咪唑鎓、1-(1-丁基)-3-乙基咪唑鎓、1-(1-己基)-3-甲基咪唑鎓、1-(1-己基)-3-乙基咪唑鎓、1-(1-己基)-3-丁基咪唑鎓、1-(1-辛基)-3-甲基咪唑鎓、1-(1-辛基)-3-乙基咪唑鎓、1-(1-辛基)-3-丁基咪唑鎓、1-(1-十二烷基)-3-甲基咪唑鎓、1-(1-十二烷基)-3-乙基咪唑鎓、1-(1-十二烷基)-3-丁基咪唑鎓、1-(1-十二烷基)-3-辛基咪唑鎓、1-(1-十四烷基)-3-甲基咪唑鎓、1-(1-十四烷基)-3-乙基咪唑鎓、1-(1-十四烷基)-3-丁基咪唑鎓、1-(1-十四烷基)-3-辛基咪唑鎓、1-(1-十六烷基)-3-甲基咪唑鎓、1-(1-十六烷基)-3-乙基咪唑鎓、1-(1-十六烷基)-3-丁基咪唑鎓、1-(1-十六烷基)-3-辛基咪唑鎓、1,2-二甲基咪唑鎓、1,2,3-三甲基咪唑鎓、1-乙基-2,3-二甲基咪唑鎓、1-(1-丁基)-2,3-二甲基咪唑鎓、1-(1-己基)-2,3-二甲基咪唑鎓、1-(1-辛基)-2,3-二甲基咪唑鎓、1,4-二甲基咪唑鎓、1,3,4-三甲基咪唑鎓、1,4-二甲基-3-乙基咪唑鎓、3-丁基咪唑鎓、1,4-二甲基-3-辛基咪唑鎓、1,4,5-三甲基咪唑鎓、1,3,4,5-四甲基咪唑鎓、1,4,5-三甲基-3-乙基咪唑鎓、1,4,5-三甲基-3-丁基咪唑鎓和1,4,5-三甲基-3-辛基咪唑鎓。
进一步可能的阳离子是特别由上述阳离子通过二聚、三聚或多聚形成的二聚阳离子、三聚阳离子或多聚阳离子的形式组成的离子。这些还包括具有聚合骨架的二聚阳离子、三聚阳离子和多聚阳离子,例如基于硅氧烷、聚醚、聚酯、聚酰胺或聚丙烯酸酯的骨架,特别是带支链的和带超支链的(hyperbranched)聚合物。
进一步可能的离子液体是其中阳离子[A]+是吡啶离子(XVIIa)的离子液体,
其中
·基团R1到R5中的一个是甲基、乙基或氯,其余的基团R1到R5均为氢;
·R3是二甲基氨基且其余的基团R1、R2、R4和R5均为氢;
·所有基团R1到R5为氢;
·R2是羧基或羧酰胺且其余的基团R1、R2、R4和R5均为氢;或
·R1和R2或R2和R3是1,4-丁-1,3-亚二烯基且其余的基团R1、R2、R4和R5均为氢;
特别是这样一种离子液体,其中
·R1到R5均为氢;或者
·基团R1到R5中的一个是甲基或乙基且其余的基团R1到R5均为氢。
作为特别优选的吡啶离子(XVIIa),可提及1-甲基吡啶、1-乙基吡啶、1-(1-丁基)吡啶、1-(1-己基)吡啶、1-(1-辛基)吡啶、1-(1-己基)吡啶、1-(1-辛基)吡啶、1-(1-十二烷基)吡啶、1-(1-十四烷基)吡啶、1-(1-十六烷基)吡啶、1,2-二甲基吡啶、1-乙基-2-甲基吡啶、1-(1-丁基)-2-甲基吡啶、1-(1-己基)-2-甲基吡啶、1-(1-辛基)-2-甲基吡啶、1-(1-十二烷基)-2-甲基吡啶、1-(1-十四烷基)-2-甲基吡啶、1-(1-十六烷基)-2-甲基吡啶、1-甲基-2-乙基吡啶、1,2-二乙基吡啶、1-(1-丁基)-2-乙基吡啶、1-(1-己基)-2-乙基吡啶、1-(1-辛基)-2-乙基吡啶、1-(1-十二烷基)-2-乙基吡啶、1-(1-十四烷基)-2-乙基吡啶、1-(1-十六烷基)-2-乙基吡啶、1,2-二甲基-5-乙基吡啶、1,5-二乙基-2-甲基吡啶、1-(1-丁基)-2-甲基-3-乙基吡啶、1-(1-己基)-2-甲基-3-乙基吡啶和1-(1-辛基)-2-甲基-3-乙基吡啶、1-(1-十二烷基)-2-甲基-3-乙基吡啶、1-(1-十四烷基)-2-甲基-3-乙基吡啶和1-(1-十六烷基)-2-甲基-3-乙基吡啶。
另外可能的离子液体是那些其中阳离子[A]+是哒嗪鎓(pyridazinium)离子(XVIIb)的离子液体,
其中
·R1到R4均为氢;或
·基团R1到R4中的一个是甲基或乙基且其余的基团R1到R4均为氢。
此外,非常优选其中阳离子[A]+是吡啶鎓(pyridinium)离子(XVIIc)的离子液体,
其中
·R1是氢、甲基或乙基且R2到R4各自独立为氢或甲基;或
·R1是氢、甲基或乙基,R2和R4均为甲基且R3是氢。
进一步可能的离子液体是其中阳离子[A]+是吡嗪鎓(pyrazinium)离子(XVIId)的离子液体,
其中
·R1是氢、甲基或乙基且R2到R4各自独立为氢或甲基;
·R1是氢、甲基或乙基,R2和R4是甲基且R3是氢;
·R1到R4均为甲基;或
·R1到R4均为甲基或氢。
进一步可能的离子液体是其中阳离子[A]+是吡唑鎓(pyrazolium)离子(XVIIf)、(XVIIg)或(XVIIg′)的离子液体,
其中
·R1是氢、甲基或乙基且R2到R4各自独立为氢或甲基。
可能的离子液体还有其中阳离子[A]+是吡唑鎓(pyrazolium)离子(XVIIh)的离子液体,
其中
·R1到R4各自独立为氢或甲基。
合适的离子液体还包括其中阳离子[A]+是1-二氢化吡唑(pyrazolinium)离子(XVIIi)的离子液体,
其中
·R1到R6各自独立为氢或甲基。
进一步可能的离子液体是其中阳离子[A]+是2-二氢化吡唑离子(XVIIj)的离子液体,
其中
·R1是氢、甲基、乙基或苯基且R2到R6各自独立为氢或甲基。
还可以使用其中阳离子[A]+是3-二氢化吡唑离子(XVIIk)或(XVIIk′)的离子液体,
其中
·R1和R2各自独立为氢、甲基、乙基或苯基且R3到R6各自独立为氢或甲基。
进一步可能的离子液体是其中阳离子[A]+是咪唑啉鎓(imidazolinium)离子(XVIIl)的离子液体,
其中
·R是H或甲基,R1和R2各自独立为氢、甲基或乙基或具有14到22,优选为16到18个碳原子的直链的饱和或不饱和的酰基,R3到R6各自独立为氢、具有1-4个碳原子且可含有OH基团的直链饱和烷基,优选为甲基,或脂肪酸基团;特别优选地,R1和R2是脂肪族酰基且R或R2和R3是脂肪族酰基。这些相应于式(XVIIm)的物质特别具有重要性。文献中有时也用错误的分子式(类似于式XVIIm′或XVIIl)表示它们。
另外可能的离子液体是其中阳离子[A]+是咪唑啉鎓离子(XVIIm)或(XVIIm′)的离子液体,
其中
·R是H或甲基,R1和R2各自独立为氢、甲基或乙基或具有14到22,优选为16到18个碳原子的直链的饱和或不饱和的酰基,R3到R6各自独立为氢、具有1-4个碳原子且可含有OH基团的直链饱和烷基,优选为甲基,或脂肪酸基团;特别优选地,R1和R2是脂肪族酰基且R或R2和R3是脂肪族酰基。这些相应于式(XIIIm)的物质特别具有重要性。文献中有时也用错误的分子式(类似于式XIIIm′或XIII1)表示它们。
进一步可能的离子液体是其中阳离子[A]+是咪唑啉鎓离子(XVIIn)或(XVIIn′)的离子液体,
其中
·R1到R3各自独立为氢、甲基或乙基且R4到R6各自独立为氢或甲基。
另外可能的离子液体是其中阳离子[A]+是噻唑鎓离子(XVIIo)或(XVIIo′)或噁唑鎓离子(XVIIp)的离子液体,
其中
·R1是氢、甲基、乙基或苯基且R2和R3各自独立为氢或甲基。
可能的离子液体还包括其中阳离子[A]+是1,2,4-三唑鎓(triazolium)离子(XVIIq)、(XVIIq′)或(XVIIq")的离子液体,
其中
·R1和R2各自独立为氢、甲基、乙基或苯基且R3是氢、甲基或苯基。
进一步可能的离子液体是其中阳离子[A]+是1,2,3-三唑鎓离子(XVIIr)、(XVIIR′)或(XVIIR″)的离子液体,
其中
·R1是氢、甲基或乙基且R2和R3各自独立为氢或甲基或R2和R3同时为1,4-丁-1-3-亚二烯基。
另外可能的离子液体是其中阳离子[A]+是吡咯烷鎓(pyrrolidinium)离子(XVIIs)的离子液体,
其中
·R1是氢、甲基、乙基或苯基且R2到R9各自独立为氢或甲基。
进一步可能的离子液体是其中阳离子[A]+是咪唑烷鎓(imidazolidinium)离子(XVIIt)的离子液体,
其中
·R1和R4各自独立为氢、甲基、乙基或苯基且R2和R3以及R5到R8各自独立为氢或甲基。
可能的离子液体还包括其中阳离子[A]+是铵离子(IV)的离子液体,
其中
·R1到R3各自独立为C1-C18-烷基;或
·R1到R3各自独立为氢或C1-C18-烷基且R4为2-羟基乙基;或
·R1和R2均为1,5-戊烯或3-氧杂-1,5-戊烯且R3为C1-C18-烷基、2-羟基乙基或2-氰基乙基。
作为特别优选的铵离子(IV),可提到甲基三(1-丁基)铵、2-羟基乙基铵、二(2-羟基乙基)二甲基铵、N,N-二甲基哌啶鎓和N,N-二甲基吗啉鎓。
另外可能的离子液体是其中阳离子[A]+是胍盐(guanidinium)离子(IVv)的离子液体,
其中
·R1到R5均为甲基;
·R1到R5各自独立为C1-C18-烷基;或
·R1到R5各自独立为氢或C1-C18-烷基或2-羟基乙基。
作为非常特别优选的胍盐离子(IVv),可提到N,N,N′,N′,N",N"-六甲基胍盐离子。
可能的离子液体还包括其中阳离子[A]+是乙醇胺,例如胆碱(cholinium)离子(XVIIw),或二乙醇胺(XVIIw′),或三乙醇胺(XVIIw")的衍生物的离子液体,
其中
·R1和R2各自独立为甲基、乙基、1-丁基或1-辛基且R3是氢、甲基、乙基、乙酰基、-SO2OH或-PO(OH)2;
·R1是甲基、乙基、1-丁基或1-辛基,R2是-CH2-CH2-OR4基团且R3和R4各自独立为氢、甲基、乙基、乙酰基、-SO2OH或-PO(OH)2;或
·R1是-CH2-CH2-OR4基团,R2是-CH2-CH2-OR5基团且R3到R5各自独立为氢、甲基、乙基、乙酰基、-SO2OH或-PO(OH)2;
·R1是甲基、乙基、1-丁基、1-辛基、乙酰基、-SO2OH或-PO(OH)2且R3到R5各自独立为氢、甲基、乙基、乙酰基、-SO2OH、-PO(OH)2或-(CnH2nO)mR1其中n=1到5且m=1到100。
还优选这样的化合物,其中R、R1和R2是具有1到4个碳原子的烷基,特别优选为甲基,且R3和/或R4是具有8到22个碳原子,优选为12到18个碳原子的饱和或不饱和的脂肪酸或酰基。还可存在酰基或脂肪酸基团的混合物(特别是,例如,以天然存在的比例)。
在式(XVIIw")的情况中,非常特别优选R、R1、R2各自为具有1到4个碳原子的烷基,特别是甲基,且R3是脂肪酸基团且R4和R5各自为脂肪酸基团或氢。
可能的离子液体包括其中阳离子[A]+是鏻离子(VI)的离子液体,其中
·R1到R3各自独立为C1-C18-烷基,特别是丁基、异丁基、1-己基或1-辛基。
在上述阳离子中,优选吡啶鎓离子(XVIIa)、咪唑鎓离子(XVI)和铵离子(IV),特别是1-甲基吡啶鎓、1-乙基吡啶鎓、1-(1-丁基)吡啶鎓、1-(1-己基)吡啶鎓、1-(1-辛基)吡啶鎓、1-(1-己基)吡啶鎓、1-(1-辛基)吡啶鎓、1-(1-十二烷基)吡啶鎓、1-(1-十四烷基)吡啶鎓、1-(1-十六烷基)吡啶鎓、1,2-二甲基吡啶鎓、1-乙基-2-甲基吡啶鎓、1-(1-丁基)-2-甲基吡啶鎓、1-(1-己基)-2-甲基吡啶鎓、1-(1-辛基)-2-甲基吡啶鎓、1-(1-十二烷基)-2-甲基吡啶鎓、1-(1-十四烷基)-2-甲基吡啶鎓、1-(1-十六烷基)-2-甲基吡啶鎓、1-甲基-2-乙基吡啶鎓、1,2-二乙基吡啶鎓、1-(1-丁基)-2-乙基吡啶鎓、1-(1-己基)-2-乙基吡啶鎓、1-(1-辛基)-2-乙基吡啶鎓、1-(1-十二烷基)-2-乙基吡啶鎓、1-(1-十四烷基)-2-乙基吡啶鎓、1-(1-十六烷基)-2-乙基吡啶鎓、1,2-二甲基-5-乙基吡啶鎓、1,5-二乙基-2-甲基吡啶鎓、1-(1-丁基)-2-甲基-3-乙基吡啶鎓、1-(1-己基)-2-甲基-3-乙基吡啶鎓、1-(1-辛基)-2-甲基-3-乙基吡啶鎓、1-(1-十二烷基)-2-甲基-3-乙基吡啶鎓、1-(1-十四烷基)-2-甲基-3-乙基吡啶鎓、1-(1-十六烷基)-2-甲基-3-乙基吡啶鎓、1-甲基咪唑鎓、1-乙基咪唑鎓、1-(1-丁基)咪唑鎓、1-(1-辛基)咪唑鎓、1-(1-十二烷基)咪唑鎓、1-(1-十四烷基)咪唑鎓、1-(1-十六烷基)咪唑鎓、1,3-二甲基咪唑鎓、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓、1-(1-丁基)-3-甲基咪唑鎓、1-(1-己基)-3-甲基咪唑鎓、1-(1-辛基)-3-甲基咪唑鎓、1-(1-十二烷基)-3-甲基咪唑鎓、1-(1-十四烷基)-3-甲基咪唑鎓、1-(1-十六烷基)-3-甲基咪唑鎓、1,2-二甲基咪唑鎓、1,2,3-三甲基咪唑鎓、1-乙基-2,3-二甲基咪唑鎓、1-(1-丁基)-2,3-二甲基咪唑鎓、1-(1-己基)-2,3-二甲基咪唑鎓和1-(1-辛基)-2,3-二甲基咪唑鎓、1,4-二甲基咪唑鎓、1,3,4-三甲基咪唑鎓、1,4-二甲基-3-乙基咪唑鎓、3-丁基咪唑鎓、1,4-二甲基-3-辛基咪唑鎓、1,4,5-三甲基咪唑鎓、1,3,4,5-四甲基咪唑鎓、1,4,5-三甲基-3-乙基咪唑鎓、1,4,5-三甲基-3-丁基咪唑鎓、1,4,5-三甲基-3-辛基咪唑鎓和2-羟基乙基铵。
在式(IIIa)到(IIIj)中提到的金属阳离子[M1]+、[M2]+、[M3]+、[M4]2+和[M5]3+一般为周期表的1、2、6、7、8、9、10、11、12和13族的金属阳离子。例如,合适的金属阳离子是Li+、Na+、K+、Cs+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Ba2+、Cr3+、Fe2+、Fe3+、Co2+、Ni2+、Cu2+、Ag+、Zn2+和Al3+。
根据本发明使用的离子液体包含至少一种上述阳离子和至少一种阴离子相组合。可能的阴离子是原则上与阳离子形成离子液体的所有阴离子。离子液体的阴离子[Y]n-选自,例如:
·下式的卤素离子和含卤素离子:F-、Cl-、Br-、I-、BF4 -、PF6 -、AlCl4 -、Al2Cl7 -、Al3Cl10 -、AlBr4 -、FeCI4 -、BCl4 -、SbF6 -、AsF6 -、ZnCl3 -、SnCl3 -、CuCl2 -、CF3SO3 -、(CF3SO3)2N-、CF3CO2 -、CCl3CO2 -、CN-、SCN-、OCN-、NO2 -、NO3 -、N(CN)-;
·下列通式的硫酸根、亚硫酸根和磺酸根:SO4 2-、HSO4 -、SO3 2-、HSO3 -、RaOSO3 -、RaSO3 -;
·下列通式的磷酸根:PO4 3-、HPO4 2-、H2PO4-、RaPO4 2-、HRaPO4 -、RaRbPO4 -;
·下列通式的膦酸根和次膦酸根(phosphinate):RaHPO3 -、RaRbPO2 -、RaRbPO3 -;
·下列通式的亚磷酸根:PO3 3-、HPO3 2-、H2PO3 -、RaPO3 2-、RaHPO3 -、RaRbPO3 -;
·下列通式的亚膦酸根(phosphonite)和单烷氧基膦根(phosphinites):RaRbPO2 -、RaHPO2 -、RaRbPO-、RaHPO-;
·下列通式的羧酸根:RaCOO-;
·下列通式的硼酸根:BO3 3-、HBO3 2-、H2BO3 -、RaRbBO3 -、RaHBO3 -、RaBO3 2-、B(ORa)(ORb)(ORc)(ORd)-、B(HSO4)-、B(RaSO4)-;
·下列通式的亚硼酸根:RaBO2 2-、RaRbBO-;
·下列通式的碳酸根和碳酸酯:HCO3 -、CO3 2-、RaCO3 -;
·下列通式的硅酸根和硅酸酯:SiO4 4-、HSiO4 3-、H2SiO4 2-、H3SiO4 -、RaSiO4 3-、RaRbSiO4 2-、RaRbRcSiO4 -、HRaSiO4 2-、H2RaSiO4 -、HRaRbSiO4 -;
·下列通式的烷基硅烷和芳基硅烷盐:RaSiO3 3-、RaRbSiO2 2-、RaRbRcSiO-、RaRbRcSiO3 -、RaRbRcSiO2 -、RaRbSiO3 2-;
·下列通式的羧酰亚胺、二(磺酰)亚胺和磺酰亚胺:
·下列通式的甲基化物:
·下列通式的醇化物和芳基氧化物:RaO-;
·通式[MrHalt]s-的卤化金属化物(halometalates),其中M是金属且Hal是氟、氯、溴或碘,r和t是正整数并表示该络合物的化学计量,且s是正整数并表示该络合物的电荷;
·下列通式的硫化物、硫氢化物、多硫化物、多硫氢化物和硫醇盐:S2-、HS-、[Sv]2-、[HSv]-、[RaS]-,其中v是2到10的正整数;
·复合物金属离子,比如Fe(CN)6 3-、Fe(CN)6 4-、MnO4 -、Fe(CO)4 -。
在这些通式中,Ra、Rb、Rc和Rd各自独立为:
·氢;
·C1-C30-烷基和它们被芳基-、杂芳基-、环烷基、卤素-、羟基-、氨基-、羧基-、甲酰基-、-O-、-CO-、-CO-O-或-CO-N-取代的组成,例如甲基、乙基、1-丙基、2-丙基、1-丁基、2-丁基、2-甲基-1-丙基(异丁基)、2-甲基-2-丙基(叔丁基)、1-戊基、2-戊基、3-戊基、2-甲基-1-丁基、3-甲基-1-丁基、2-甲基-2-丁基、3-甲基-2-丁基、2,2-二甲基-1-丙基、1-己基、2-己基、3-己基、2-甲基-1-戊基、3-甲基-1-戊基、4-甲基-1-戊基、2-甲基-2-戊基、3-甲基-2-戊基、4-甲基-2-戊基、2-甲基-3-戊基、3-甲基-3-戊基、2,2-二甲基-1-丁基、2,3-二甲基-1-丁基、3,3-二甲基-1-丁基、2-乙基-1-丁基、2,3-二甲基-2-丁基、3,3-二甲基-2-丁基、庚基、辛基、壬基、癸基、十一烷基、十二烷基、十三烷基、十四烷基、十五烷基、十六烷基、十七烷基、十八烷基、十九烷基、二十烷基、二十一烷基、二十二烷基、二十三烷基、二十四烷基、二十五烷基、二十六烷基、二十七烷基、二十八烷基、二十九烷基、三十烷基、苯基甲基(苯甲基)、二苯基甲基、三苯基甲基、2-苯基乙基、3-苯基丙基、环戊基甲基、2-环戊基乙基、3-环戊基丙基、环己基甲基、2-环己基乙基、3-环己基丙基、甲氧基、乙氧基、甲酰基、乙酰基或CqF2(q-a)+(1-b)H2a+b其中q<30、0≤a≤q且b=0或1(例如CF3、C2F5、CH2CH2-C(q-2)F2(q-2)+1、C6F13、C8F17、C10F21、C12F25);
·C3-C12-环烷基和它们被芳基-、杂芳基-、环烷基-、卤素-、羟基-、氨基-、羧基-、甲酰基-、-O-、-CO-或-CO-O-取代的组成,例如环戊基、2-甲基-1-环戊基、3-甲基-1-环戊基、环己基、2-甲基-1-环己基、3-甲基-1-环己基、4-甲基-1-环己基或CqF2(q-a)-(1-b)H2a-b其中q≤30、0≤a≤q且b=0或1;
·C2-C30-烯基和它们被芳基-、杂芳基-、环烷基-、卤素-、羟基-、氨基-、羧基-、甲酰基-、-O-、-CO-或-CO-O-取代的组成,例如2-丙烯基、3-丁烯基、顺-2-丁烯基、反-2-丁烯基或CqF2(q-a)-(1-b)H2a-b其中q≤30、0≤a≤q且b=0或1;
·C3-C12-环烯基和它们被芳基-、杂芳基-、环烷基-、卤素-、羟基-、氨基-、羧基-、甲酰基-、-O-、-CO-或-CO-O-取代的组成,例如3-环丙烯基、2-环己烯基、3-环己烯基、2,5-环己二烯基或CqF2(q-a)-3(1-b)H2a-3b其中q≤30、0≤a≤q且b=0或1;
·具有2到30个碳原子的芳基或杂芳基和它们被烷基-、芳基-、杂芳基-、环烷基-、卤素-、羟基-、氨基-、羧基-、甲酰基-、-O-、-CO-或-CO-O-取代的组成,例如苯基、2-甲基苯基(2-甲苯基)、3-甲基苯基(3-甲苯基)、4-甲基苯基、2-乙基苯基、3-乙基苯基、4-乙基苯基、2,3-二甲基苯基、2,4-二甲基苯基、2,5-二甲基苯基、2,6-二甲基苯基、3,4-二甲基苯基、3,5-二甲基苯基、4-苯基苯基、1-萘基、2-萘基、1-吡咯基、2-吡咯基、3-吡咯基、2-吡啶基、3-吡啶基、4-吡啶基或C6F(5-a)Ha其中0≤a≤5;或
·两个基团形成不饱和的、饱和的或芳香的环,所述环可被官能团、芳基、烷基、芳氧基、烷氧基、卤素、杂原子和/或杂环取代,且可被一个或多个氧和/或硫原子和/或一个或多个取代或未被取代的亚氨基间断。
可能的阴离子例如为氯离子、溴离子、碘离子、硫氰酸根、六氟磷酸根、三氟甲烷磺酸根、甲烷磺酸根、甲酸根、乙酸根、乙醇酸根、乳酸根、草酸根、柠檬酸根、苹果酸根、马来酸根、酒石酸根、扁桃酸根、硝酸根、亚硝酸根、三氟乙酸根、硫酸根、硫酸氢根、甲基硫酸根、乙基硫酸根、1-丙基硫酸根、1-丁基硫酸根、1-己基硫酸根、1-辛基硫酸根、磷酸根、磷酸二氢根、磷酸氢根、C1-C4-二烷基磷酸根、丙酸根、四氯铝酸根、Al2Cl7 -、氯锌酸根、氯铁酸根、二(三氟甲基磺酰基)亚胺、二(五氟乙基磺酰基)亚胺、二(甲基磺酰基)亚胺、二(对甲苯基磺酰基)亚胺、三(三氟甲基磺酰基)甲基化物、二(五氟乙基磺酰基)甲基化物、对甲苯基磺酸根、四羰基钴酸根、二亚甲基乙二醇单甲基醚硫酸根、油酸根、硬脂酸根、丙烯酸根、甲基丙烯酸根、马来酸根、柠檬酸氢根、乙烯基膦酸根、二(五氟乙基)次膦酸根、硼酸根比如二[水杨基合-(2-)]硼酸根、二[草酸基合-(2-)]硼酸根、二[1,2-苯二醇合(2-)-O,O′]硼酸根、四氰基硼酸根、四氟硼酸根、二氰胺、三(五氟乙基)三氟磷酸根、三(七氟丙基)三氟磷酸根、环芳基磷酸根比如邻苯二酚磷酸根(C6H4O2)P(O)O-和氯钴酸根。
优选的阴离子选自下列集合,但并非完整,卤化物离子、二(全氟烃基磺酰基)酰胺或-亚胺(比如二(三氟甲基磺酰基)亚胺)、烷基甲苯磺酸根和芳基甲苯磺酸根、全氟烷基甲苯磺酸根、硝酸根、硫酸根、硫酸氢根、烷基硫酸根和芳基硫酸根、聚醚硫酸根和磺酸根、全氟烷基硫酸根、磺酸根、烷基磺酸根和芳基磺酸根、全氟烷基磺酸根和芳基磺酸根、烷基羧酸根、和芳基羧酸根、全氟烷基羧酸根、高氯酸根、四氯铝酸根、糖精。进一步可能的是二氰胺、硫氰酸根、异硫氰酸根、四苯基硼酸根、四(五氟苯基)硼酸根、四氟硼酸根、六氟磷酸根、聚醚磷酸根和磷酸根。
非常特别优选的阴离子是:
氯离子、溴离子、硫酸氢根、四氯铝酸根、硫氰酸根、甲基硫酸根、乙基硫酸根、甲烷磺酸根、甲酸根、乙酸根、乙醇酸根、乳酸根、二甲基磷酸根、二乙基磷酸根、对甲苯基磺酸根、四氟硼酸根和六氟磷酸根。
在本发明进一步优选的实施方案中,使用含有1,3-二烷基咪唑鎓、1,2,3-三烷基咪唑鎓、1,3-二烷基咪唑啉鎓和1,2,3-三烷基咪唑啉鎓阳离子和下列阴离子组合的液体或它们的混合物:卤离子、二(三氟甲基磺酰基亚胺、全氟烷基甲苯磺酸根、烷基硫酸根和-磺酸根、全氟烷基磺酸根和烷基硫酸根、全氟烷基羧酸根、高氯酸根、二氰胺、硫氰酸根、异硫氰酸根、四苯基硼酸根、四(五氟苯基)硼酸根、四氟硼酸根、六氟磷酸根、乙酸根、乙醇酸根、乳酸根。
对于本发明公开内容的目的的特别优选的离子液体是:
1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙基硫酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓乙酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓乙酸盐、四丁基苯甲酸铵、三己基十四烷基膦二(2,4,4-三甲基戊基)次膦酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓二(五氟乙基磺酰基)亚胺、1-丁基-1-甲基吡咯烷鎓二(三氟甲基磺酰基)亚胺、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓二(三氟甲基磺酰基)亚胺、1-丁基-3-甲基吡啶鎓二(三氟甲基磺酰基)亚胺、1,2-二甲基-3-丙基咪唑鎓二(三氟甲基磺酰基)亚胺、1-乙基-3-甲基-咪唑鎓二(三氟甲基磺酰基)亚胺、3-甲基-1-丙基吡啶鎓二(三氟甲基磺酰基)亚胺、甲基三辛基铵二(三氟甲基磺酰基)亚胺、四丁基铵二(三氟甲基磺酰基)亚胺、三己基十四烷基膦二(三氟甲基磺酰基)亚胺、1-丁基-1-甲基-吡咯烷鎓溴化物、1-丁基吡啶鎓溴化物、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓溴化物、4-甲基-N-丁基吡啶鎓溴化物、四丁基溴化铵、四丁基膦溴化物、四庚基溴化铵、四己基溴化铵、四辛基溴化铵、四辛基膦溴化物、四戊基溴化铵、三丁基十六膦溴化物、1-烯丙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓氯化物、1-苯甲基-3-甲基咪唑鎓氯化物、1-丁基-1-甲基吡咯烷鎓氯化物、1-丁基-2,3-二甲基咪唑鎓氯化物、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓氯化物、1-丁基-4-甲基吡啶鎓氯化物、1-乙基-2,3-二甲基咪唑鎓氯化物、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓氯化物、1-己基-3-甲基咪唑鎓氯化物、1-甲基-3-辛基咪唑鎓氯化物、甲基咪唑鎓氯化物、四丁基氯化铵、四丁基膦氯化物、四庚基氯化铵、四辛基氯化铵、三己基十四烷基膦氯化物、丁基铵-α-氰基-4-肉桂酸氢盐、二乙基铵-α-氰基-4-肉桂酸氢盐、三己基十四烷基膦癸酸盐、1-丁基-1-甲基吡咯烷鎓二氰胺、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓二氰胺、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓二氰胺、三己基十四烷基膦二氰胺、1-乙基-2,3-二甲基咪唑鎓乙基硫酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓乙基硫酸盐、1-苯甲基-3-甲基咪唑鎓六氟磷酸盐、1-丁基-2,3-二甲基咪唑鎓六氟磷酸盐、1-丁基-3-(3,3,...-十三氟辛基)咪唑鎓六氟磷酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓六氟磷酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓六氟磷酸盐、1-己基-3-甲基咪唑鎓六氟磷酸盐、1-甲基-3-(3,3,...-十三氟辛基)咪唑鎓六氟磷酸盐、1-丁基-4-甲基吡啶鎓六氟磷酸盐、1-甲基-3-辛基咪唑鎓六氟磷酸盐、三己基十四烷基膦六氟磷酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓硫酸氢盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓硫酸氢盐、甲基咪唑鎓硫酸氢盐、1-十二烷基-3-甲基咪唑鎓硫酸氢盐、1-十二烷基-3-甲基咪唑鎓碘化物、四己基铵碘化物、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓甲烷磺酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓甲烷磺酸盐、四丁基铵甲烷磺酸盐、四丁基膦甲烷磺酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓甲基硫酸盐、1,3-二甲基咪唑鎓甲基硫酸盐、甲基三丁基甲基硫酸铵、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓甲基硫酸盐、1,2,3-三甲基咪唑鎓甲基硫酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓硝酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓硝酸盐、四丁基铵九氟丁烷磺酸盐、四丁基铵十七氟辛烷磺酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓辛基硫酸盐、4-(3-丁基-1-咪唑基)丁烷-1-磺酸盐、3-(三苯基磷基)丙烷-1-磺酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓四氯铝酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓四氯铝酸盐、1-苯甲基-3-甲基咪唑鎓四氟硼酸盐、1-丁基-2,3-二甲基咪唑鎓四氟硼酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓四氟硼酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓四氟硼酸盐、1-己基-3-甲基咪唑鎓四氟硼酸盐、1-甲基-3-辛基咪唑鎓四氟硼酸盐、1-丁基-1-甲基吡咯烷鎓四氟硼酸盐、1-丁基-4-甲基吡啶鎓四氟硼酸盐、四丁基铵四氟硼酸盐、四己基铵四氟硼酸盐、四丁基膦四氟硼酸盐、三己基十四烷基膦四氟硼酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓硫氰酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓硫氰酸盐、四戊基铵硫氰酸盐、三辛基甲基铵硫代水杨酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓甲苯磺酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓甲苯磺酸盐、四丁基膦甲苯磺酸盐、三异丁基甲基膦甲苯磺酸盐、3-(三苯基磷基)丙烷-1-磺酰基甲苯磺酸盐、四-乙基铵三氟乙酸盐、4-(3-丁基-1-咪唑鎓)丁烷-1-磺酰基三氟甲烷磺酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓三氟甲烷磺酸盐、1-乙基-2,3-二甲基咪唑鎓三氟甲烷磺酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓三氟甲烷磺酸盐、1-己基-3-甲基咪唑鎓三氟甲烷磺酸盐、1-甲基-3-辛基咪唑鎓三氟甲烷磺酸盐、四乙基铵三氟甲烷磺酸盐、1,2,3-三甲基咪唑鎓三氟甲烷磺酸盐、1-羟基乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓-2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙基硫酸盐、1-羟基乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓乙酸盐、1-羟基乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓三氟乙酸盐、1-羟基乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓二(三氟甲基磺酰基)亚胺、1-羟基乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓溴化物、1-羟基乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓氯化物、1-羟基乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓癸酸盐、1-羟基乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓二氰胺、1-羟基乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓六氟磷酸盐、1-羟基乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓硫酸氢盐、1-羟基乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓碘化物、1-羟基乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓甲烷磺酸盐、1-羟基乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓甲基硫酸盐、1-羟基乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓乙基硫酸盐、1-羟基乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓硝酸盐、1-羟基乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓磷酸盐、1-羟基乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓辛基硫酸盐、1-羟基乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓四氯铝酸盐、1-羟基乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓四氟硼酸盐、1-羟基乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓硫氰酸盐、1-羟基乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓水杨酸盐、1-羟基乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓硫代水杨酸盐、1-羟基乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓甲苯磺酸盐、1-羟基乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓三氟甲烷磺酸盐、1-羟基乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓乳酸盐、1-羟基乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓乙醇酸盐、1-羟基乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓柠檬酸盐、1-羟基乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓草酸盐、1-羟基乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓酒石酸盐、二-(羟基乙基)二甲基铵乙酸盐、二-(羟基乙基)二甲基铵三氟乙酸盐、二-(羟基乙基)二甲基铵二(三氟甲基磺酰基)亚胺、二-(羟基乙基)二甲基溴化铵、二-(羟基乙基)二甲基氯化铵、二-(羟基乙基)二甲基铵癸酸盐、二-(羟基乙基)二甲基铵二氰胺、二-(羟基乙基)二甲基铵六氟磷酸盐、二-(羟基乙基)二甲基铵硫酸氢盐、二-(羟基乙基)-二甲基铵碘化物、二-(羟基乙基)二甲基铵甲烷磺酸盐、二-(羟基乙基)二甲基甲基硫酸铵、二-(羟基乙基)二甲基乙基硫酸铵、二-(羟基乙基)二甲基硝酸铵、二-(羟基乙基)二甲基磷酸铵、二-(羟基乙基)二甲基辛基硫酸铵、二-(羟基乙基)二甲基四氯铝酸铵、二-(羟基乙基)二甲基四氟硼酸铵、二-(羟基-乙基)二甲基硫氰酸铵、二-(羟基乙基)二甲基水杨酸铵、二-(羟基乙基)二甲基硫代水杨酸铵、二-(羟基乙基)二甲基甲苯磺酸铵、二-(羟基乙基)二甲基三氟甲烷磺酸铵、二-(羟基乙基)二甲基乳酸铵、二-(羟基乙基)二甲基乙醇酸铵、二-(羟基乙基)二甲基柠檬酸铵、二-(羟基乙基)二甲基草酸铵、二-(羟基乙基)二甲基酒石酸铵。
下列性能添加剂的加入改善优选含有离子液体的单相的组合物在固体表面上的的润湿性。对于本目的,性能添加剂是改善离子液体在固体表面上的润湿性和/或扩散性质的物质。这里,润湿指的是表面被液体覆盖。改善的润湿性质可通过存在的未润湿区域减少和润湿均匀而看到。
出于本目的,扩散是固体表面的自发润湿。液体在表面上以平坦的盘状自发扩散。在理想情况下,形成单分子膜且接触角为零。液体的表面张力的降低是扩散的必要但非充分条件。扩散仅在疏水表面上发生。
当和离子液体共同使用时,下述表面活性物质作为有效的润湿和分散剂的发现更加出人意料。
本发明组合物用于固体表面的持久润湿,并含有至少一种离子液体和至少一种性能添加剂,以及,如果合适的话,含有溶剂和/或进一步的助剂或添加剂。
本发明组合物包含50到99.999重量%,优选为80到99.999重量%,特别是至少95重量%且特别优选为>98到99.999重量%的一种或多种离子液体,
和0到20重量%,优选为0到10重量%且特别优选为0到5重量%的溶剂,
和0到20重量%,优选为0到10重量%且特别优选为0到5重量%的助剂和添加剂,
和0.001到10重量%,优选为0.001到5重量%且特别优选为0.05到1重量%的一种或多种根据本发明的性能添加剂,
其中所述组合物的所有组分的总量为100重量%。
优选在本发明组合物中使用润湿剂或分散剂作为性能添加剂。
此外,本发明组合物优选由单相组成。
优选在本发明组合物中使用一种或多种表面活性剂作为性能添加剂。
本发明组合物可含有有机溶剂或水和/或它们的混合物作为溶剂;优选不存在溶剂或有机溶剂。
这样的表面活性剂用于具有非离子特性的含水体系或有机体系。
意外且完全出人意料地,所提到的表面活性剂也可积极地影响离子液体的润湿性和扩散性质。当和离子液体共同使用时,它们因此提供可以按照理想的方式影响含有这些组分的组合物的分散性质和粘合性质的优势。
在下式中,基团P是:
-(CH2-)g(OC2H4-)h(OC3H6-)i(OC4H8)j(OCH2CH(C6H5))kOR20
其中
R20是氢、烷基或羧基基团。
R20优选为氢或甲基或乙酰基。
下标g为0到6,
下标h为0到20
下标i为0到50,其中h+i≥1,
下标j为0到10且
下标k为0到10。
优选下标g为0到3,下标h为5到80且下标i为0到30,下标j和k优选为<5,特别是0。
在下式中,R21是:
氢或具有1-25个碳原子,直链或带支链的,饱和或不饱和的烷基,例如,甲基、乙基、1-丙基、2-丙基、1-丁基、2-丁基、2-甲基-1-丙基(异丁基)、2-甲基-2-丙基(叔-丁基)、1-戊基、2-戊基、3-戊基、2-甲基-1-丁基、3-甲基-1-丁基、2-甲基-2-丁基、3-甲基-2-丁基、2,2-二甲基-1-丙基、1-己基、2-己基、3-己基、2-甲基-1-戊基、3-甲基-1-戊基、4-甲基-1-戊基、2-甲基-2-戊基、3-甲基-2-戊基、4-甲基-2-戊基、2-甲基-3-戊基、3-甲基-3-戊基、2,2-二甲基-1-丁基、2,3-二甲基-1-丁基、3,3-二甲基-1-丁基、2-乙基-1-丁基、2,3-二甲基-2-丁基、3,3-二甲基-2-丁基、庚基、辛基、壬基、癸基、十一烷基、十二烷基、十三烷基、十四烷基、十五烷基、十六烷基、十七烷基、十八烷基、十九烷基、二十烷基、二十一烷基、二十二烷基、二十三烷基、二十四烷基、二十五烷基、二十六烷基、二十七烷基、二十八烷基、二十九烷基、三十烷基、苯基甲基(苯甲基)、二苯基甲基、三苯基甲基、2-苯基乙基、3-苯基丙基、环戊基甲基、2-环戊基乙基、3-环戊基丙基、环己基甲基、2-环己基乙基、3-环己基丙基、烯丙基、十一碳烯基(undecaenyl)、十二碳烯基、十八碳烯基、二十碳烯基、二十二碳烯基、二十四碳烯基、十八碳二烯基、十八碳三烯基、二十碳四烯基(eicosatetraenyl)、二十碳五烯基(eicosapentaenyl)、二十二碳五烯基(docosapentaenyl)或二十二碳六烯基(docosahexaenyl)。
1.非离子有机表面活性剂:
·下列通式的烷基胺烷氧基化物,例如聚乙二醇椰油胺(cocosamine)(商品名为VARONIC K-202或K-202 P或K-205)或聚乙二醇硬脂酰胺(商品名为Varonic S),
·下列通式的酰胺基胺,例如硬脂酰胺丙基二甲基胺(商品名为ADOGEN S 18V),
·下列通式的烷醇酰胺,例如二乙醇酰胺(商品名为REWOMIDDC212S或REWOMID S280或VARAMID 70),
·下列通式的乙氧基化单乙醇酰胺(商品名为REWOCOROS AC 100或VARAMIDET-55),
·烷基膦氧化物,例如二甲基癸基膦氧化物(商品名为APO 10),
·烷基-N-葡萄糖酰胺(glucamide),例如辛基-N-葡萄糖酰胺(商品名为MEGA-10),
·烷基糖苷,例如正壬基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷或辛基-β-D-硫代吡喃葡萄糖苷(以AGNIQUE PG系列出售)
·胆汁酸,例如胆烷酸或胆酸
·下列通式的烷基烷氧基化物,例如聚乙二醇对-1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯基醚(商品名为TRITON X-100)或聚乙二醇异十三烷基醚(商品名为GENAPOL X-080或TEGO Alkanol TD 6)或聚乙二醇硬脂酰醚(商品名为TEGO Alkanol S 2,S 10,S 20P)或聚乙二醇油烯醚(商品名为TEGO AlkanolO 20)或聚乙二醇十四烷基醚(商品名为VARONIC APM)或聚乙二醇壬基苯基醚(商品名为REWOPAL HV 10)或聚乙二醇-聚丙二醇共聚物(商品名为PLURONIC,例如F68或F127),
·聚醚多醇(例如,商品名为TERGITOL L-62E和L-62和L-81)
·下列通式的山梨糖醇酐酯,例如山梨糖醇酐单月桂酸酯(商品名为TEGO SML),或山梨糖醇酐三油酸酯(商品名为TEGO STO),
·山梨糖醇酐酯乙氧基化物,例如聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐单月桂酸酯(商品名为TEGO SML 20)或聚乙二醇单油酸酯(商品名为TEGO SMO)或聚乙二醇山梨糖醇酐三硬脂酸酯(商品名为TEGO STS)
·下列通式的脂肪醇,例如异硬脂酰醇(商品名为TEGO Alkanol 66)或油烯基醇(商品名为TEGO Alkanol 80,85和90),
·下列通式的脂肪酸乙氧基化物,例如聚乙二醇硬脂酸酯(商品名为TEGO Acid S)或聚乙二醇油酸酯(商品名为AROSURF 8-190或REWOPALEO 70),
·下列通式的酯油,例如棕榈酸异丙酯(商品名为TEGOSOFT P)或乙基己基棕榈酸酯(TEGOSOFT OP),
·酯乙氧基化物,例如聚乙二醇甘油基月桂酸酯(商品名为TAGAT L2)或聚乙二醇甘油基含油蓖麻酸醇酯(oleoricinolate)(商品名为TAGAT V20)或聚乙二醇甘油基椰油酸酯(商品名为Varonic LI)
·有机改性的硅氧烷,例如:聚醚硅氧烷,例如以TEGOPREN系列或TEGO WET系列出售。
特别合适的聚醚硅氧烷衍生物为那些符合下列通式(XVIII)的物质:
其中,基团
Rf可以是基团R1,其中
R1是具有1到4个碳原子的烷基或芳基,
或
Rf是基团R2或R3,条件是至少一个基团Rf为基团R2,其中
R2和R3各自独立为式(XIX)的聚醚基团
(F)q(O(C2H4-dR′dO)m(CxH2xO)rZ)w(XIX)
其中
d为1到3,
m>1,
q为0或1,
x为2到10,
r>1,
w为1到4,
F为可带支链的烃基基团,
R′为氢自由基、具有1到18个碳原子的一价烃基基团,
Z为H原子或一价有机基团比如烷基或烷基酯或芳基酯,
且在式(XIII)中
b为0到8,
当b为6到8时,a为1到100,
当b为3到6时,a为1到200,
当b为0到3时,a为1到300
a和b的值是平均值,因为根据本发明伴随使用的硅酮聚醚共聚物一般以均衡的混合物的形式存在。
基团R1是具有1到4个碳原子的烷基,例如甲基、乙基、丙基或丁基,或芳基,苯基为优选。出于制造和价格的原因,甲基为优选,从而至少80%的基团R1为甲基。特别优选所有基团R1均为甲基的聚硅氧烷。
硅氧烷混合物可以是直链的(b=0)或带支链的(b>0到8)。根据经验,a的值只能以指定的方式与b的值组合,否则增大的粘度使得无法处理。
特别优选的硅酮聚醚共聚物为那些符合下列通式(XX)的物质:
其中
m=0到30,
k=1到5,
R1是烯丙醇或和1到10个环氧乙烷分子和1到25个环氧丙烷分子反应的烷基起始的聚醚,
·官能化的聚醚硅氧烷,例如以TEGOPREN 7100的产品名出售
·具有嵌段结构的聚醚硅氧烷。
合适的聚醚硅氧烷为下式(XXI)的结构:
其中,基团
A为平均式(XXII)的聚氧化烯嵌段,
[(C2H4-dR′dO)n(CxH2xO)r(C2H4-dR′′dO)t] (XXII)
其中
d为1到3,
n≥0,
x为2到10,
r≥0,
t≥0,
n+r+t≥1,
且
R′是一价芳香基、取代或未被取代的烃基,
R′′是氢自由基或具有1到18个碳原子的一价烃基,
R1是H原子、链长为C1-C40的一价有机直链的或带支链的烷基或带支链或不带支链的烷基酯或芳基酯的羧基基团,
B是平均式为(XXIII)的聚硅氧烷嵌段,
其中
基团R2相同或不同,各为具有1到4个碳原子的烷基或苯基基团且
y为5到200,
m为2到100,
p为0或1且
q为0或1
或下式(XXVI)
其中,基团
R1、A、B和m、p和q如上定义且
C具有2到20个碳原子的直链的或带支链的亚烃基。
所述结构的化合物以统计学混合物表示,因此所述下标相当于混合物的算术平均数。
2.阳离子表面活性剂:
·四烷基铵盐,例如十六烷基三甲基溴化铵
·烷基吡啶鎓盐,例如十六烷基氯化吡啶
·下列通式的季铵酯(ester quats),例如商品名为REWOQUAT WE 15、VARISOFT WE 16或REWOQUAT WE 38 DPG
·下列通式的季铵二酰胺基胺(diamidoamine quats),例如以VARISOFT110-75[N,N-二(氢化牛脂酰胺乙基)-N-聚乙氧基-N-甲基甲基硫酸铵]、VARISOFT 222 LT-90[N,N-二(油酰胺乙基)-N-聚乙氧基-N-甲基甲基硫酸铵]、或REWOQUAT WE 38 DPG或VARIQUAT 238-90[N,N-二(牛脂酰胺乙基)-N-聚丙氧基-N-甲基甲基硫酸铵]为商品名出售
·季铵咪唑啉(imidazolinium quats),例如以REWOQUAT W 90、VARIQUAT 55或REWOQUAT W3690为商品名出售
·烷氧基烷基季铵(alkoxyalkyl quats),例如以VARIQUAT 638[N-甲基-N,N-二(2-羟乙基)-N-椰油氯化铵]为商品名出售
·下列通式的苯甲基季铵(benzyl quats),例如以VARIQUAT 80 MC[二甲基烷基(C12-C16)苯甲基氯化铵]和VARIQUAT SDAC[二甲基硬脂酰苯甲基氯化铵]为商品名出售,
·季铵硅酮(silicone quats),例如以TEGOPREN 6921[双季铵聚二甲基硅氧烷]、TEGOPREN 6924[双季铵聚二甲基硅氧烷]和TEGOPREN 7990[双季铵聚醚聚二甲基硅氧烷]为商品名出售。
3.两性表面活性剂:
·下列通式的甜菜碱,例如3-[N,N-二甲基(3-肉豆蔻酰胺丙基)氨基]丙烷磺酸盐(为amidosulphobetaine-14为商品名出售)或1-(3-磺基丙基)吡啶甜菜碱或3-十二烷基二甲基铵基丙烷-1-磺酸盐(以ZWITTERGENT 3-12为商品名出售)或3-[(3-胆酰胺丙基)二甲基氨基]-1-丙烷磺酸盐(以CHAPS为商品名)或月桂酰甜菜碱(以REWOTERIC AM DML-35为商品名)或椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱(以TEGO Betain F 50或L 7为商品名),烷基甘氨酸,例如正十二烷基-N,N-二甲基甘氨酸(以EMPIGEN BB为商品名)或牛脂甘氨酸(以Rewoteric AM TEG为商品名)
·下列通式的二甲基磺基甜菜碱(sultaine),例如椰酰胺丙基羟基二甲基磺基甜菜碱(以REWOTERIC AM CAS为商品名)
·下列通式的两性丙酸盐,例如椰油两性丙酸盐(以REWOTERIC AMKSF 40为商品名)
·下列通式的两性乙酸盐,例如椰油两性乙酸钠(以REWOTERIC AMC为商品名)
·下列通式的氧化胺,例如椰酰胺丙基二甲基氧化胺(以VAROX 1770为商品名)
·硅酮甜菜碱,例如以TEGOPREN 6950为商品名出售。
4.全氟化表面活性剂:
·全氟化烷基磺酸盐,例如全氟化辛烷磺酸盐(PFOS)
·全氟化羧酸,例如全氟化辛酸(PFOA)
·调聚氟代醇(fluorinated telomere alcohols)。
5.双子表面活性剂(Gemini surfactants):
·乙炔二醇(acetylene diol),例如以SURFYNOL为商品名出售
·乙炔二醇烷氧基化物,例如以SURFYNOL 400或SURFYNOL 2502为商品名出售
·乙炔乙二醇,例如以DYNOL 604为商品名出售
·烷烃二醇、烷烃二羧酸及其酯,例如以ENVIROGEM AD01、ENVIRONGEM AE01、ENVIRONGEM AE02和ENVIRONGEM AE03为商品名出售
·ENVIRONGEM 360
·二吡啶基烷烃,例如1,4-二(α-辛基吡啶基)丁烷二溴化物或1,4-二(α-十二烷基吡啶)丁烷二氯化物
·EP A1-1 382 632中描述的硅氧烷基双子表面活性剂,例如以TEGOTWIN 4000为商品名出售。以引用的方式将EP-A1-1 382 632的内容全部并入本公开内容。
本发明组合物优选含有一种或多种非离子型表面活性剂作为性能添加剂,特别优选为一种或多种有机改性的硅氧烷,特别优选为一种或多种聚醚硅氧烷,尤其是式(XVIII)的聚醚硅氧烷。
注册商标以大写字母提供。商标所有者为:
TEGO TEGOSURF AROSURF REWOQUAT VARONIC ADOGENREWOMID VARAMID REWOCOROS REWOPAL是Evonik GoldschmidtGmbH的商标
SURFYNOL,DYNOL,ENVIROGEM是Air Products,Inc的商标
AGNIQUE是Cognis的商标
TRITON是DOW Chemical Company的商标
GENAPOL是Clariant的商标
PLURONIC是BASF AG的商标
EMPIGEN是Albright&Wilson的商标
VAROX是R.T.Vanderbilt的商标
ZWITTERGENT是Calbiochem-Novachem的商标
上述性能添加剂可单独或以任何彼此间的混合物与离子液体共同使用。其他常用的溶剂、助剂和添加剂同样可预先混入或混入。
固体表面的实例为玻璃、金属、半导体、聚合物、陶瓷、石料和皮革及包含这些材料的织物或膜。
金属表面的实例为铝、铬、镍、镁、钛、钒、铁、铜、锌、钴、镓、锗、锆、钼、钯、银、锡、钨、铂、金、铅和它们的合金,以及其他元素比如碳,特别是钢的表面。钢表面的实例是S235JRG2钢的表面。
半导体表面的实例是硅和二氧化钛的表面。
聚合物表面的实例是天然或合成热塑塑料、热固性材料和弹性体的表面。塑料表面的实例是聚丙烯酸酯(比如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯)、聚丙烯腈、聚丙烯酸、聚乙烯卤化物(比如聚乙烯氯化物)、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚丁二烯、聚丙烯腈、聚醚、聚硫化物、聚砜、聚醚砜、聚酮、聚酯、聚碳酸酯、聚苯乙烯、甲醛树脂、环氧树脂、聚酰胺、聚脲、聚氨酯、聚酰亚胺、聚酚、聚吡咯、聚呋喃、聚噻吩、聚苯并咪唑、聚胺、聚酐、聚四氟乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、聚乙酸酯、聚硅氧烷、聚硅烷、它们的共聚物和掺合物以及它们的混合物或共聚物、低聚物和嵌段(共)聚物。天然的聚合物是橡胶、木质素、多糖、聚羟基丁酸和蛋白质。
陶瓷表面的实例是粘土、高岭土、粘土矿物、氧化铝、氧化铍、氧化锆、碳化硅、氮化硅、氮化铝、氮化硼、碳化硼的表面。
在固体表面中,特别优选膜表面。
本发明同样提供包含一种或多种离子液体和一种或多种性能添加剂以及进一步的添加剂和/或助剂的组合物的用途,其中所述组合物与被处理表面的接触角比不加入所述性能添加剂时小至少10°,优选为小20°,特别优选为小30°且非常特别优选为小40°。
本发明同样提供在用离子液体润湿固体表面的方法中的用途,优选通过加入性能添加剂优化润湿,此处特别优选被润湿的表面比不加入所述性能添加剂时大至少30%,优选大50%,特别优选大80%且非常特别优选大100%。这还伴随着润湿区域的直径增大,所述直径同样比不加入所述性能添加剂时的润湿区域的直径大至少50%。
离子液体和性能添加剂的混合比在100000:1到1:10000的范围内,优选为10000:1到1:1,特别优选为10000:1到10:1,非常特别优选为1000:1到100:1。
所述混合物可含有另外的溶剂,特别是有机溶剂和/或水。优选的有机溶剂为脂肪族、环脂肪族、芳香族、杂环、杂芳香族的取代或未被取代的醇、醛、酮、羧酸酯、羧酰胺、羧酸酐、碳酸酯、氨基甲酸酯、腈、醚、聚醚、烷烃、烯烃、卤代烃、硫醇、硫醚、硫酯、氨基酸、多元醇、砜、亚砜、脲和硫脲。
溶剂在总混合物中的比例在99.9%到0.01%的范围内,优选为50%到0.05%,特别优选为25%到0.1%且非常特别优选为10%到0.5%。
所述混合物还可有利地用于多种其他化学工业方法,一般在金属加工工业,例如冷却润滑剂、硬化油、液压液乳化液、抛光膏、拆模剂、拉制用油、浸渍剂或金属清洁剂。
此外,本发明混合物可用于皮革、纸张、印刷、电镀和摄影工业。
此外,所述混合物可用于水处理,例如废水处理。
此外,所述混合物可用于植物保护制剂。
所述表面活性剂可单独使用或彼此混合使用,且可含有根据应用特别选择的另外的添加剂和助剂。
本发明的进一步的目的通过权利要求限定,以引用的方式将权利要求的公开内容完全并入本说明书的公开内容。
下面举例说明本发明的性能添加剂和它们的用途,本发明不限于这些示例性的实施方案。下面指明的范围、通式或化合物种类不仅包含明确提到的相应范围或化合物集合,还包括可通过省去个别值(范围)或化合物而获得的所有子范围和子集合。
实施例:
下面举例描述本发明,不构成对本发明的限制,本发明范围由说明书和权利要求,以及在实施例中提到的实施方案表明。
实验步骤:
在容器中放置8g离子液体(IL)并称入0.04g性能添加剂。用刮勺搅拌样品直至均匀,然后移液50μl至PP膜上。测定5分钟后的最大扩散。按mm测定得到的圆形区的直径(D)。测量值越高,扩散和润湿越好,因而根据本发明的性能添加剂的效果越好。
表1:离子液体的润湿性质/扩散性质(5分钟后测得的扩散)。
浓度由上述实验步骤给出。测量在室温下进行。
表面活性剂/IL | EMIM ES | 面积增大 | IL 1 | 面积增大 | EMIM Ac | 面积增大 | EMIM DCA | 面积增大 |
D/mm | % | D/mm | % | D/mm | % | D/mm | % | |
空白(纯IL) | 6 | 4 | 7 | 6 | ||||
TEGO WETKL 245 | 14 | 440.0 | 5 | 56.0 | 12 | 190.0 | 10 | 180.0 |
TEGO Wet 505 | 10 | 177.8 | 8 | 300.0 | 10 | 100.0 | ||
TEGO Twin 4000 | 20 | 1011.1 | 11 | 650.0 | 22 | 890.0 | 18 | 800 |
TEGOPREN 5878 | 8 | 300.0 | 9 | 66.0 | 8 | 79 | ||
TEGO STO85V | 10 | 100.0 |
EMIM=1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓
ES=乙基硫酸盐
Ac=乙酸盐
DCA=二氰胺
IL1=二-(羟乙基)二甲基铵甲烷磺酸盐
IL2=乙基三丁基膦二乙基磷酸盐
TEGO Wet KL 245=聚醚改性的聚硅氧烷(CAS No.134180-76-0)
TEGO WET 505=烷基烷氧基化物(CAS No.303152-49-0)
TEGO Twin 4000=聚醚改性的聚硅氧烷(CAS No.780769-22-4)
TEGOPREN 5878=聚醚改性的聚硅氧烷(CAS No.27306-78-1)
TEGO STO 85V=聚氧乙烯(20)山梨糖醇酐三油酸酯(CAS No.9005-70-3)
可清楚地看到性能添加剂的加入引起了润湿的表面面积的显著增大。在举例表明的各种情况中,润湿区域的直径均比不使用性能添加剂时的润湿区域的直径大50%。润湿区域本身在相对项中甚至增至更大的程度。
测得的与离子液体的聚丙烯膜(PP膜)的接触角在性能添加剂加入后显著改变。接触角是性能添加剂的扩散性质的量度。扩散性能越强,接触角越小(下表中更高的范围值)
所使用的制剂根据上述实验步骤制得,接触角利用Dataphysics的悬滴张力计OCA 35测量。
表2-加入性能添加剂的离子液体的扩散性能。
浓度可由所述实验步骤获得。测量温度为室温。
表面活性剂/IL | EMIM ES | IL 1 | EMIM AC | EMIMDCA | 3 HC 14P DCA | IL 2 |
空白 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 6 |
TEGO WET 505 | 6 | 4 | 6 | |||
TEGO TWIN 4000 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
TEGOPREN 5878 | 6 | 6 | ||||
TEGO STO 85V | 6 | 6 | ||||
TEGO Wet KL 245 | 8 | 4 |
HC 14P DCA=三己基十四烷基膦二腈氨(trihexyltetradecylphosphoniumdicyanamide)
为了评价接触角,设定下列范围。
表3-范围值
接触角/[°] | 范围 |
>90 | 1 |
80-89 | 2 |
70-79 | 3 |
60-69 | 4 |
50-59 | 5 |
40-49 | 6 |
30-39 | 7 |
20-29 | 8 |
<20 | 9 |
这表明当至少三个值在所表明的范围值之间时可使接触角差至少为20°。
此外,用刮片将根据本发明的离子液体和性能添加剂的混合物涂布至玻璃片,并检验产品的润湿性和成膜。
对于此目的,在容器中放置8g的离子液体,并称入0.04g到0.08g的性能添加剂。通过刮勺搅拌所述产品直至的得到均匀混合物。评价所述混合物的外观并显示于表格中。
通过用水和清洁剂预清洗,然后在流水下漂洗并通过乙醇脱脂制备玻璃片。将该玻璃片置于水平基底上并将盒刮片(box doctor blade)置于所述玻璃片的一端。将部分液体引入该盒内,所述盒子在玻璃片上单程拉动。形成的层应不超过50μm。之后立即评价形成的层。
此处,计算凹陷的数量。
结果显示,与空白试验相比,通过加入所述性能添加剂,凹陷的数量显著减少。因此,性能添加剂的加入改善了离子液体的润湿性。
Claims (15)
1.用于固体表面的持久润湿的组合物,其包含至少一种离子液体和至少一种性能添加剂,以及如果合适的话,溶剂和/或进一步的助剂或添加剂。
2.权利要求1的组合物,其特征在于使用润湿剂或分散剂作为性能添加剂。
3.权利要求1或2的组合物,其特征在于所述组合物由单相组成。
4.权利要求1到3任意一项的组合物,其特征在于使用一种或多种表面活性剂作为性能添加剂。
5.权利要求4的组合物,其特征在于所述表面活性剂选自:非离子表面活性剂、阳离子表面活性剂、两性表面活性剂和全氟化表面活性剂,单独使用或以它们的混合物使用。
6.权利要求1到5至少一项的组合物,其特征在于使用有机溶剂或水和/或它们的混合物作为溶剂。
7.权利要求6的组合物,其特征在于所述溶剂是有机溶剂。
8.权利要求5的组合物,其特征在于使用有机改性的硅氧烷作为非离子表面活性剂。
9.权利要求8的组合物,其特征在于所述有机改性的硅氧烷是聚醚硅氧烷。
10.权利要求9的组合物,其特征在于使用通式(XVIII)的化合物作为聚醚硅氧烷
其中,基团
Rf可以是基团R1,其中
R1是具有1到16个碳原子的烷基或芳基,
或
Rf是基团R2或R3,条件是至少一个基团Rf是基团R2,其中
R2和R3各自独立为式(XIX)的聚醚基团
(F)q(O(C2H4-dR′dO)m(CxH2xO)rZ)w (XIX)
其中
d为1到3,
m>1,
q为0或1,
x为2到10,
r>1,
w为1到4,
F为可带支链的烃基,
R′为氢自由基、具有1到18个碳原子的一价烃基,
Z为H原子或一价有机基比如烷基或烷基酯或芳基酯,
且其中,在式(XVIII)中
b为0到8,
当b为6到8时a为1到100,
当b为3到6时a为1到200,
当b为0到3时a为1到300。
11.权利要求1到10至少一项的组合物,其特征在于所述组合物由单相组成。
12.权利要求1到11至少一项的组合物的用途,其特征在于可实现比没有所述性能添加剂时接触角小至少10°。
13.权利要求1到11任意一项的组合物在用离子液体润湿固体表面的方法中的用途。
14.权利要求13的用途,其特征在于润湿面积比没有添加剂时大至少30%。
15.权利要求12到14任意一项的用途,其特征在于所述表面由金属或金属合金、陶瓷、纸、半导体、聚合物、石料或皮革组成。
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EP (1) | EP2093278A1 (zh) |
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-
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- 2009-01-30 EP EP09151694A patent/EP2093278A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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CA2652704A1 (en) | 2009-08-05 |
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JP2009185287A (ja) | 2009-08-20 |
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