CN101483213A - 改善了散热的侧发光led - Google Patents

改善了散热的侧发光led Download PDF

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CN101483213A
CN101483213A CN200810110605.0A CN200810110605A CN101483213A CN 101483213 A CN101483213 A CN 101483213A CN 200810110605 A CN200810110605 A CN 200810110605A CN 101483213 A CN101483213 A CN 101483213A
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CN101483213B (zh
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欧相岭
莫泽林
龙嘉妍
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Avago Technologies International Sales Pte Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及改善了散热的侧发光LED,并公开了光源和用于制造光源的方法。光源包括引线框、集成电路芯片和主体。引线框具有第一和第二部件。第一部件包括横向部分、芯片安装区和第一延伸部。集成电路芯片在芯片安装区中接合到第一部件并且与芯片安装区热接触。主体具有顶面、底面和侧面。第一延伸部被弯曲以提供从芯片安装区到侧面的热路径,第一延伸部的未与侧面接触的表面形成第一平坦接合表面。所述热路径比通过横向部分的热路径具有更小的热阻。

Description

改善了散热的侧发光LED
技术领域
本发明涉及改善了散热的侧发光(side-emitting)LED。
背景技术
发光二极管(LED)是用于替代诸如白炽灯泡和荧光管之类的传统光源的有吸引力的候选。LED比白炽灯泡具有大得多的能量转换效率,并且在一些情况下比荧光管具有更大的能量转换效率。而且,LED的转换效率一直在稳定地提高,因此LED将在不太远的未来提供显著的节能。
另外,LED的寿命远大于荧光灯或白炽灯泡的寿命。该优点在更换灯泡或荧光管的成本较高的应用中尤其重要。汽车尾灯和交通信号灯已经被转换为基于LED的照明系统以利用LED的这方面优点。
最后,LED是“点源”,因此比荧光管更适合于必须将光校准或聚焦的照明应用。一种这样的应用类别涉及平面光管的照明,该平面光管用于照明诸如液晶显示器(LCD)或开关面板之类的二维器件。光管通常是具有一个或多个边缘的塑料薄片,从光源通过所述一个或多个边缘射入光。在诸如蜂窝电话或PDA之类的手持设备中,光管的厚度通常小于数毫米。因此,LED的小尺寸在这种应用中尤其重要。
较高的光转换效率使得LED作为替代候选者具有吸引力,取决于提供了这样的环境:在该环境中,LED生成的热被高效地除去以使得LED不经受高温。出于这种讨论的目的,光源的光转换效率被定义为光源所消耗的每瓦特电能所生成的光量。当前可用的LED的光转换效率随着温度的升高而快速降低。除了降低光转换效率之外,热量还缩短了LED的寿命并且可能导致过早发生整个设备的故障。尽管LED的光转换效率与白炽光源相比较大,但是施加到LED的多数电力仍被转换为热。
LED还随着时间而老化。作为老化的结果,针对通过LED的给定电流所产生的光量减少。在使用不同波长带中发光的LED来生成被感知为具有特定色彩的照明的光源中,老化效应导致在所感知的色彩中随时间的色移(color shift)。在许多应用中,色移比光源强度的降低更不可接受。LED老化的速率取决于LED的工作温度,较高的工作温度导致更快的老化。
因此,LED管芯的封装配置必须提供用于从管芯排除热量的高效路径。但是,对于高功率管芯并未提供足够散热的引线框封装。这些封装通常依赖于将热从LED移至外部散热表面,这是因为LED封装的表面积太小以致于无法散热到LED周围的空气中。通常,热被传输至安装了LED的印刷电路板的核(core)。在典型的LED引线框封装中,LED被安装在引脚之一的内部部分上,并且热量通过该引脚转移向印刷电路板的核。不幸的是,导热路径往往具有太高的热阻,因此管芯必须在大大升高的温度下运行以迫使热通过引脚。
发明内容
本发明包括光源和用于制造光源的方法。光源包括引线框、集成电路芯片和主体。引线框具有第一和第二部件。第一部件包括横向部分、芯片安装区和第一延伸部。集成电路芯片在芯片安装区中接合到第一部件并且与芯片安装区热接触。主体具有顶面、底面和侧面。第一延伸部被弯曲以提供从芯片安装区到侧面的热路径,第一延伸部的未与侧面接触的表面形成第一平坦接合表面。所述热路径比通过横向部分的热路径具有更小的热阻。集成电路芯片包括被通过第一和第二触点供电的发光元件。第一触点在芯片的未被接合到芯片安装区的表面上,并且电连接至第二部件。在本发明的一个方面中,第二部件包括第二延伸部,第二延伸部被弯曲以提供第二平坦接合表面。第一平坦接合表面和第二平坦接合表面基本是共面的。在本发明的另一个方面中,主体层包括开口,通过该开口可以访问芯片安装区和第二部件的一部分。所述开口可以包括形成反射器的反射壁,反射器用于对沿着不会使光经过所述开口的方向离开芯片的光进行重定向,以使得光离开开口。
附图说明
图1是现有技术光源20的透视图。
图2是现有技术光源20中使用的引线框的俯视图。
图3是被安装以对光管提供照明的现有技术光源20的剖视图。
图4和图5图示出根据本发明的光源的一个实施例。
图6是图4所示的光源40通过线6-6的剖视图。
图7A-7C是光源90在制造的三个阶段的俯视图。
图8A-8C分别是光源90通过线8A-8A、8B-8B和8C-8C的剖视图。
图9A-9C分别是光源90通过线9A-9A、9B-9B和9C-9C的剖视图。
图10是可以用于根据本发明另一实施例的光源中的引线框100的透视图。
具体实施方式
参考图示出现有技术的侧发光封装的LED光源的图1-3,可以更加容易地理解本发明提供其优点的方式。图1是光源20的透视图并且图2是光源20中使用的引线框的俯视图。图3是被安装以对光管提供照明的光源20的剖视图。光源20包括安装在图2所示的引线框的引脚21上的LED24。LED 24包括用于对LED 24供电的第一和第二触点。第一触点在LED24的底面上并且电连接至引脚21。第二触点在LED24的顶面上并且通过键合线29连接至引脚27。LED 24通过既导热又导电的粘合剂接合到引脚21,以使得LED 24中生成的热被传输至引脚21。
引线框被包封在主体26中,标号22和23示出的引脚部分从主体26延伸。主体26的上部包括反射器25,反射器25将在侧向上离开LED 24的光重定向至处于角度圆锥内的方向,来自LED 24的顶面的光被发射到所述角度圆锥内中。部分28可以被设为用于形成标号26所示的主体部分的同一模塑操作的一部分。可替换地,部分28可以被独立形成并在该部分形成之后被附接。
现在参考图3。将光源20设计为安装在诸如印刷电路板32之类的印刷电路板上,以使得光以平行于印刷电路板32表面的方向离开光源20。通常通过将引脚21和27的由标号22和23所示的部分焊接到印刷电路板32的表面上的迹线,来将光源20安装在印刷电路板32上。这种配置很适合于将来自光源20的光射入到同样安装在印刷电路板32上的光管31中。
LED 24中生成的热通过引脚21传导至区域22。区域22被焊接到印刷电路板32上的安装焊盘,安装焊盘还与印刷电路板32的核热接触。因此,热被传输至印刷电路板的核,印刷电路板的核具有足够的面积来散热,或者附接到散热的结构。不幸的是,在许多应用中,从LED 24到区域22的热路径33具有相当大的热阻,因此,LED 24的温度必须大大高于区域22的温度以迁移足够的热量。
现在参考图4和图5,图4和图5图示出根据本发明的光源的一个实施例。光源40与上面讨论的光源20的类似点在于光源40包括主体51,主体51被模塑在引线框60周围。主体可以由诸如环氧树脂或硅酮之类的各种电绝缘材料模塑而成。主体51包括开口53,LED 47生成的光通过开口53离开光源40。主体51还包括反射器52,反射器52对来自LED 47的、本来无法在恰当的角度圆锥内离开主体51的光进行重定向,以使得经反射的光在包括从LED 47的顶面发射的光的角度圆锥内离开开口53。
引线框60包括第一引脚46,包括LED的管芯47被安装在第一引脚46上。管芯47具有用于对LED供电的第一和第二触点。第一触点在管芯47的底部上并且第二触点在管芯47的顶部上。管芯47通过既导电又导热的一层粘合剂48接合到引脚46。管芯47上的顶部触点通过键合线49连接至引脚45。
引脚46具有第一部件41和第二部件42,第一和第二部件41和42分别在主体51之外延伸并且被弯曲以提供用于将光源40接合到平坦表面的接合焊盘。类似地,引脚45具有,部件43在主体51之外延伸并且被弯曲以提供用于将光源40接合到平坦表面的接合焊盘。部件41和43提供电力连接以对管芯47供电。
部件42提供的导热路径比从管芯47经部件41的路径具有小得多的热阻。当部件42被接合到印刷电路板上的散热焊盘时,从管芯47到散热焊盘的导热路径近似等于部件42的厚度t。由于引脚46的安装了管芯47的部分大大宽于部件42的宽度W,因此通过部件42的路径的热阻主要由引线框的厚度来确定。因此,提供了比通过部件41的路径具有小得多的热阻的导热路径。
在上面涉及的实施例中,t在0.1至0.8mm之间,并且W被设置在管芯厚度的一倍至两倍之间,即0.45至0.9mm。引线框可以由包括铜、铜合金、黄铜、铅黄铜、锡黄铜和软钢在内的许多材料构建。
现在参考图6,图6是图4所示的光源40通过线6-6的剖视图。在图6中,光源40附接到包括核72的印刷电路板71,核72连接至散热结构。引线框部件42通过一层诸如焊料或导热环氧树脂之类的导热接合材料73接合到核72。为了使图简化,在图中未示出散热结构。因此,来自LED47的热(由图中的标号76所示的箭头指出)被通过引线框部件42高效地传输至核72。
引线框部件42位于光源40的外表面上以使得光源40可以被安装在印刷电路板71上,从而使得离开光源40的光以差不多平行于印刷电路板71的表面的方向离开。因此,光源40尤其适合于照明诸如光管74之类的光管的边缘。角度的范围取决于安装有LED 47的管芯的特性和反射器52的形状。一般而言,反射器52和LED 47限定了以基本平行于印刷电路板71的表面的方向77为中心的一束角度。这束角度内的光线的分布取决于反射器52的具体形状,并且被选择以提供特定应用所需要的发射轮廓。
现在参考图7A-9C,图7A-9C图示出根据本发明的用于制造光源的方法的一个实施例。图7A-7C是光源90在制造的三个阶段的俯视图。图8A-8C分别是通过线8A-8A、8B-8B和8C-8C的剖视图。图9A-9C分别是通过线9A-9A、9B-9B和9C-9C的剖视图。应当理解,由引线框片(leadframe sheet)可以制造许多光源。为了使图和讨论简化,在图中仅示出用于制造光源90的引线框片部分。
参考图7A、8A和9A,处理开始于具有引脚部件81和82的引线框。引线框部件81具有管芯安装区83和由标号84和85示出的两个延伸部。引线框部件82具有延伸部86和引线键合区89。现在参考图7B、8B和9B,图7B、8B和9B图示出在引线框的各部分的周围模塑了主体87之后的光源90。主体87包括具有侧面88的腔,侧面88形成上面讨论的反射器。在主体87已被模塑之后,具有LED的管芯91被接合到管芯接合区83并且被通过键合线92连接至引线键合区89。延伸部84-86保持在主体87之外。最后,参考图7C、8C和9C,延伸部被向下弯曲以使得延伸部84-86现在靠近于主体87的侧面并且延伸部84-86的不靠近于主体87的侧壁的那些表面基本位于同一平面内,以使得所有的三个延伸部都将接触平坦表面,从而使得表面在被放置在平坦表面附近时可以被接合到该平坦表面。在一个实施例中,反射器填充有材料94,材料94对于管芯91生成的光是透明的。透明材料可以是环氧树脂或硅酮。
再次参考图5。原则上,延伸部41和42可以被结合以形成一个宽引脚。但是,通过增大延伸部42的宽度W能够提供的热传输的改善存在限制。当通过延伸部42的热阻与管芯47和引线框部件46之间的热阻相比变小时,W的进一步增大将不会提供显著的改善。但是,增大后的宽度可能在制造期间使引脚弯曲的方面存在问题。
上述实施例采用了在管芯的底面上具有一个电力触点并且在管芯的顶面上具有另一电力触点的LED。但是,也可以构建两个电力触点都在管芯顶面上的实施例。现在参考图10,图10是可以用于根据本发明另一实施例的光源中的引线框100的透视图。引线框100具有由标号101-103示出的三个引线框部件。部件102包括管芯安装区,在管芯安装区中,管芯110被通过一层粘合剂113接合到引线框部件102的表面。部件102包括部件105,部件105提供用于从管芯110排除热量的热传输路径。管芯110上的电力触点在管芯的顶面上并且通过键合线111和112分别连接至引线框部件101和103。
由于延伸部104和106提供至管芯110的电连接,因此延伸部105不必进行电连接。因此,管芯110和LED框部件102之间的接合可以是电绝缘的,只要该接合的热阻较低。这种配置在光源是下述组件的一部分时是有用的:在所述组件中,对于向印刷电路板核散热的各种器件而言,散热表面无法充当公共电触点。
本发明的上述实施例采用了LED作为光源中的光生成元件。但是,可以构建基于其他光生成元件的实施例。在这点上,可以有利地采用由VCSEL构成的光源。
对本领域技术人员而言,对本发明的各种修改将从前述描述和附图中变得清楚。因此,本发明仅由权利要求书的范围来限制。

Claims (20)

1.一种光源,包括:
引线框,该引线框具有第一部件和第二部件,所述第一部件包括横向部分、芯片安装区和第一延伸部;
集成电路芯片,该集成电路芯片在所述芯片安装区中接合到所述第一部件并且与所述芯片安装区热接触;以及
主体,该主体具有顶面、底面和侧面,其中,所述第一延伸部被弯曲以提供从所述芯片安装区到所述侧面的热路径,所述第一延伸部的未与所述侧面接触的表面形成第一平坦接合表面,其中,所述热路径比通过所述横向部分的热路径具有更小的热阻。
2.如权利要求1所述的光源,其中,所述主体包括环氧树脂或硅酮。
3.如权利要求1所述的光源,其中,所述引线框包括铜、铜合金、黄铜、铅黄铜、锡黄铜或者软钢。
4.如权利要求1所述的光源,其中,所述集成电路芯片由宽度和长度来表征,并且其中,所述第一延伸部的沿着所述弯曲的长度大于所述宽度与所述长度中的最大者。
5.如权利要求1所述的光源,其中,所述集成电路芯片包括被通过第一触点和第二触点供电的发光元件,所述第一触点在所述芯片的未被接合到所述芯片安装区的表面上,所述第一触点电连接至所述第二部件。
6.如权利要求1所述的光源,其中,所述第二部件包括第二延伸部,所述第二延伸部被弯曲以提供第二平坦接合表面,所述第一平坦接合表面和所述第二平坦接合表面基本是共面的。
7.如权利要求1所述的光源,其中,所述主体包括开口,所述芯片安装区和所述第二部件的一部分能够通过所述开口而被访问。
8.如权利要求7所述的光源,其中,所述开口包括形成反射器的反射壁,所述反射器用于对沿着不会使光经过所述开口的方向离开所述芯片的光进行重定向,以使得所述光离开所述开口。
9.如权利要求7所述的光源,其中,所述开口填充有对于所述芯片生成的光而言透明的介质。
10.如权利要求6所述的光源,还包括在其平坦表面上具有第一和第二接合焊盘的构件,所述第一和第二接合表面被接合到所述第一和第二接合焊盘,其中,光以平行于所述平坦表面的方向离开所述芯片。
11.如权利要求10所述的光源,还包括具有开口的光管,该开口包括垂直于所述平坦表面的表面,其中,所述芯片被定位为使得离开所述芯片的光进入所述开口。
12.如权利要求1所述的光源,其中,所述芯片包括LED。
13.如权利要求1所述的光源,其中,所述芯片包括VCSEL。
14.一种用于制造在管芯上具有发光元件的光源的方法,所述方法包括:
提供引线框,该引线框具有第一部件和第二部件,所述第一部件包括横向部分、管芯安装区和第一延伸部;
将所述管芯在所述管芯安装区中接合到所述第一部件以使得所述管芯与所述管芯安装区热接触;以及
在所述引线框周围模塑具有顶面、底面和侧面的主体;
将所述第一延伸部弯曲以提供从所述管芯安装区到所述侧面的热路径,所述第一延伸部的未与所述侧面接触的表面形成第一平坦接合表面,其中,所述热路径比通过所述横向部分的热路径具有更小的热阻。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法,其中,所述管芯包括被通过第一触点和第二触点供电的发光元件,所述第一触点在所述管芯的未被接合到所述管芯安装区的表面上,所述方法还包括通过引线键合将所述第一触点连接至所述第二部件。
16.如权利要求14所述的方法,其中,所述主体包括开口,所述管芯安装区和所述第二部件的一部分能够被通过所述开口访问,所述管芯被在形成所述主体之后接合到所述管芯安装区。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法,还包括将对于所述管芯生成的光而言透明的介质分配到所述开口中。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法,其中,所述介质包括环氧树脂或硅酮。
19.如权利要求15所述的方法,还包括:提供在其平坦表面上具有第一和第二接合焊盘的构件,并且将所述第一和第二接合焊盘接合到所述第一和第二接合表面,以使得光以平行于所述平坦表面的方向离开所述管芯。
20.如权利要求19所述的方法,还包括:提供具有开口的光管并且定位所述管芯以使得离开所述管芯的光进入所述开口,所述开口包括垂直于所述平坦表面的表面。
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CN110112278A (zh) * 2019-04-25 2019-08-09 深圳市聚飞光电股份有限公司 一种安装基板及其发光装置

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CN101483213B (zh) 2012-06-20
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JP2009054990A (ja) 2009-03-12

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