CN101473760A

CN101473760A - Bud grafting method of Ulmus pumila cv.jinye in cool weather

Info

Publication number: CN101473760A
Application number: CNA2009100736974A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄印冉; 张均营; 刘俊; 曲银鹏; 贾宗锴; 马孟良; 郝莉雁; 李璐
Original assignee: Hebei Academy of Forestry Sciences
Current assignee: Hebei Academy of Forestry Sciences
Priority date: 2009-01-22
Filing date: 2009-01-22
Publication date: 2009-07-08
Anticipated expiration: 2029-01-22
Also published as: CN101473760B

Abstract

The invention relates to a new Ulmus pumila cv.jinye bud grafting technique, in particular to an Ulmus pumila cv.jinye cold bark bud grafting technique capable of breeding seedlings in idle days in winter. The method employs a 'T'-shaped bud grafting method which is characterized by grafting in early March to early May (March 1 to May 10) to improve the growth amount of Ulmus pumila cv.jinye seedlings in the current year. The method solves the problems that the grafting time of the traditional grafting methods is in more than one month from early July to late August, the grafted seedlings can usually be taken as semi-finished seedlings or be germinated to grow into finished young seedlings, grafting positions do not easily heal or scion germination can not be fully lignified if the grafting time is too late, and the seedlings are easily frozen to death or drained.

Description

China's gold leaf elm cold bonding skin bud grafting grafting method

Technical field

The present invention relates to the bud grafting graft technology of a kind of Chinese gold leaf elm newly, especially can when winter slack, carry out the Chinese gold leaf elm cold bonding skin bud grafting technology of seedling-wood breeding.

Background technology

Grafting is one of artificial alimentation propagation method of plant.Promptly the branch or the bud of a plant species, grafting makes two parts that are connected together grow up to a complete plant on the stem or root of another kind of plant.Grafting is that the function that has callus after utilizing plant injured is carried out.During grafting, make two cambium of hindering face near and tighten together, the result is because of hyperplasia, healing becomes the integral body that vascular tissue links together each other.Grafting can have multiple sorting technique.Can be divided into by drawing materials of scion: 1. scion grafting.Mainly carry out, begin to flow and scion is optimum period when not sprouting as yet with stock resin in resting stage.2. bud grafting.General only carrying out in summer (July first arrival late August), be commonly called as " hot sticky skin ", is most widely used grafting method.Promptly only do the scion grafting, form the semi-finished product seedling then with a bud.Spring, bud too tenderly was difficult for surviving, and autumn is not from the skin survival rate also end, so generally all carry out bud grafting in summer.

Traditional mode of production custom gold leaf elm is in the general "T"-shaped bud grafting grafting of hot sticky skin that adopts of bud grafting, grafting time is the July first arrival wheat harvesting period time of late August, the nursery stock of grafting generally can only grow up to immature finished product seedling as semi-finished product seedling or sprouting, if and grafting time is late excessively, then fully lignification is sprouted in difficult healing of grafting part or scion, and easily freeze to death or drain winter.

During "T"-shaped bud grafting, select the shiny surface of stock, with cutter anyhow two cuttves be cut into "T"-shaped otch, reach xylem deeply; Get about the 0.3～0.4cm of bud point top long about 1 centimetre of horizontal partial application from fringe bar stage casing then, upwards cut to 0.3cm place, bud top from getting bud point below 1.5cm again, peel off the bud skin, "T"-shaped mouth is pried open cortex, slowly insert the bud skin in the interface, want the edge of bud skin upper limb and interface epithelial layer to connect airtight, use the film tape colligation tight again, expose little side shoot.The average survival of the "T"-shaped bud grafting of hot sticky skin can reach more than 80%.Scion can grow about 10-20cm then.

Summary of the invention

Purpose of the present invention just is to provide a kind of graft technology of Chinese gold leaf elm cold bonding skin bud grafting newly, it has solved its grafting time of traditional grafting method is that the wheat harvesting period of July first arrival late August is in the time, and the nursery stock of grafting generally can only grow up to immature finished product seedling as semi-finished product seedling or sprouting, if grafting time is late excessively, then connect difficult healing of grafting part or scion and sprout fully lignification, the problem that easily freeze to death or drain winter.

Technical scheme of the present invention is: the inventive method adopts "T"-shaped bud grafting grafting, it is characterized in that: in order to improve the amount of growth of Chinese gold leaf elm when year's harvest seedling, the first arrival in March at the beginning of 5 months during in carry out grafting, the first arrival in March means at the beginning of 5 months that March 1 was to May 10.

The detailed process of the inventive method is:

1, select stock: with biennial nursery stock of American elm or annual nursery stock is stock.

2, select bud and bud to handle: choose full little side shoot position from the substantial branch of Chinese gold leaf elm March at the beginning, and the skin zone of cutting down 2-2.5cm with grafting knife from about the top 1cm of side shoot is not with wooden;

3, grafting: apart from ground 10-13cm place, select a smooth position at stock, prune from top to bottom and the identical tissue of bud sheet size, the bud sheet is docked coincidence with stock, from top to bottom with the bondage of bud sheet, only expose eye or little side shoot part with the plastics cloth, the whole bondages of remainder are tight.Operation key is to select the side shoot size of scion, and side shoot is too thick, and side shoot is cut motionlessly when peeling, and side shoot deviates from from skin zone easily, makes to get bud and fail; When side shoot was too thin, scion is thin too, and was not easy to operate, even cut down, the bud skin is also too narrow, is difficult to survive.Even bud sheet thin and thick under cutting is wanted evenly wrinkling like this, still can use after evening up, and can not be lowered into motility rate.

4, connect the back management: cut anvil from grafting part top 4.5-5.5cm after grafting is finished, before the scion rudiment stock is carried out bud picking and handle, separate after one month and tie up, after scion enters normal growth, carry out Routine Management.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, China's gold leaf elm cold bonding skin bud grafting technology, this method scion is germinateed early, and finished product seedling then can grow to the height about 100cm, is higher than the height that adopts the "T"-shaped bud grafting finished product of traditional hot ixoderm seedling far away, realized the grafting then of budling, when year's harvest seedling, and elm skin organizes mucus abundant during this, and scion and stock are easily bonding, and the grafting healing is better like this, high-servival rate can reach more than 85%, has effectively improved the amount of growth of gold leaf elm when year's harvest seedling.Be not prone to winter yet and freeze to death or drain phenomenon, so just improved production efficiency greatly, significantly improved economic benefit.

Two groups of experiments have been done in order to compare, every group of 200 Chinese gold leaf elms with conventional art.

First group: adopt traditional hot ixoderm technology that the gold leaf elm is bred, observe growing state, grafting part is difficult for healing or fully lignification is sprouted in scion, and occurs the phenomenon of freezing to death or draining easily in winter, in general, survival rate also just has only 70%.

Second group: adopt cold bonding skin technology that the gold leaf elm is bred, since the time in advance at this moment the elm skin organize mucus abundant, scion and stock are easily bonding, the grafting healing is better like this, also be not prone to winter and freeze to death or drain phenomenon, survival rate becomes to reach more than 85%.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1

1, select stock: with the biennial nursery stock of American elm is stock.

2, select bud and bud to handle: at the beginning of 3 months, choose full little side shoot position from the substantial branch of Chinese gold leaf elm, the skin zone from the top 10-13cm of side shoot cuts down 2-2.5cm with grafting knife is not with wooden;

3, grafting: locate apart from about the 11cm of ground at stock, select a smooth position, prune from top to bottom and the identical tissue of bud sheet size, the bud sheet is docked coincidence with stock, from top to bottom with the bondage of bud sheet, only expose eye or little side shoot part with the plastics cloth, the whole bondages of remainder are tight.Operation key is to select the side shoot size of scion, and side shoot is too thick, and side shoot is cut motionlessly when peeling, and side shoot deviates from from skin zone easily, makes to get bud and fail; When side shoot was too thin, scion is thin too, and was not easy to operate, even cut down, the bud skin is also too narrow, is difficult to survive.Even bud sheet thin and thick under cutting is wanted evenly wrinkling like this, still can use after evening up, and can not be lowered into motility rate.

Embodiment 2

1, select stock: with the annual nursery stock of American elm is stock.

2, select bud and bud to handle: at the beginning of 5 months, choose full little side shoot position from the substantial branch of Chinese gold leaf elm, the skin zone of cutting down 2-2.5cm with grafting knife from about the top 1cm of side shoot is not with wooden;

Claims

1, Chinese gold leaf elm cold bonding skin bud grafting grafting method adopts "T"-shaped bud grafting grafting, it is characterized in that: the first arrival in March at the beginning of 5 months during in carry out grafting, the first arrival in March means at the beginning of 5 months that March 1 was to May 10.