CN101472554B - 牙质硬度维持剂 - Google Patents
牙质硬度维持剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种含有乳铁蛋白和铁-乳铁蛋白作为有效成分的牙质硬度维持剂、以及用于维持牙质硬度的饮食品。通过使用或摄取乳铁蛋白和铁-乳铁蛋白,能抑制牙釉质的脱钙,因此对于预防龋齿有效。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及以乳成分即乳铁蛋白和/或铁-乳铁蛋白作为有效成分的牙质硬度维持剂、或者配合了乳铁蛋白和/或铁-乳铁蛋白的用于维持牙质硬度的饮食品。本发明的牙质硬度维持剂和用于维持牙质硬度的饮食品通过抑制牙釉质脱钙的作用,可以防止牙质硬度的降低,可获得以高龄人为中心的维持健康牙齿、以及由此带来的维持用于健康的饮食生活的食物咀嚼功能的效果。
背景技术
龋齿是牙齿的硬组织(牙釉质、牙本质)溶解(脱钙)的现象,是由微生物、牙齿、食物三个主要因素、即、口腔菌群的龋齿诱发性高的状态、牙质的龋齿感受性高的状态、以及、饮食生活模式的龋齿诱发性高的状态引起的。龋齿产生的机理是,首先,虫牙菌(变形链球菌,Streptococcus mutans)产生作为牙垢形成酶的葡糖基转移酶(GTase),并以蔗糖作为基质合成不溶性、粘着性的作为多糖类的葡聚糖。所合成的葡聚糖与虫牙菌一起附着在牙齿的表面而形成菌斑,在菌斑中,乳酸菌(Lactcoccus lactics subsp.lactis)产生乳酸,使牙釉质脱钙而产生龋齿。即,龋齿的发病与牙垢形成、口腔内细菌、糖质、牙质等众多因素有关,目前,正在开发从考虑这些因素的多个方面出发的预防龋齿方法。
乳铁蛋白是分子量约80kDa的铁结合性糖蛋白,其被包含在哺乳类的乳、泪、唾液、胆汁、精液等分泌液中、或者嗜中性白细胞的二次颗粒中。通过X射线解析法明确了乳铁蛋白具有由2个叶(lobe)形成的高级结构,已报道了一种立体结构,其为在碳酸氢根离子或碳酸根离子的存在下,在所存在的铁结合部位上分别各螯合连接一个3价铁离子的立体结构。进而报道了进行铁吸收调节作用、抗菌作用、抗炎症作用、抗氧化作用、免疫刺激作用等各种各样的生物体功能的维持调节,作为发挥生物体防御的重要作用的因素受到关注。随着对于乳铁蛋白的生理活性物质的认识的提高,也正在实现向食品、饲料、医药品等中的应用。已知乳铁蛋白通过其病原菌附着抑制作用对于预防龋齿也有效(例如,参照专利文献1)。然而,这终究是防止病原菌附着到牙齿上的作用,一旦病原菌附着之后对于龋齿的效果,还丝毫不清楚。
另一方面,铁-乳铁蛋白是如下的物质:通过对乳铁蛋白进行特定的处理,每1分子乳铁蛋白可以稳定地保持至少3原子的铁。例如,已知有:通过在乳铁蛋白溶液中添加铁盐、并添加碱来提高溶液的pH从而稳定地保持所得到的铁的乳铁蛋白粉末(例如,参照专利文献2);铁通过碳酸氢根离子结合到乳铁蛋白的氨基上的耐热性乳铁蛋白-铁结合体(例如,参照专利文献3);或者,在乳铁蛋白中以一定比例添加含有碳酸和/或重碳酸(bicarbonic acid)的溶液以及含有铁的溶液而得到的铁-乳铁蛋白复合体(例如,参照专利文献4)等。已知这些铁-乳铁蛋白具有抗炎症作用、骨强化作用等生理活性,但是关于对龋齿的效果,目前还没有研究。
专利文献1:日本特开平3-220130号公报
专利文献2:日本特开平7-17825号公报
专利文献3:日本特开平6-239900号公报
专利文献4:日本特开平7-304798号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
本发明的目的在于提供以乳铁蛋白和/或铁-乳铁蛋白为有效成分的牙质硬度维持剂、以及用于维持牙质硬度的饮食品。它们通过在口腔中直接与牙齿接触,可以抑制牙釉质的硬度降低(脱钙),并有效防止龋齿即虫牙。
用于解决问题的方法
本发明人等着眼于各种生理活性、尤其是对骨的生理活性高的乳铁蛋白和铁-乳铁蛋白,进行了深入研究,结果发现乳铁蛋白和铁-乳铁蛋白具有抑制由病原菌导致的牙齿的牙釉质的硬度降低的作用,从而完成了本发明。即,利用乳铁蛋白和铁-乳铁蛋白的抑制牙釉质硬度降低的作用,完成了一种牙质硬度维持剂,该牙质硬度维持剂以对于龋齿具有高的预防效果的乳铁蛋白和铁-乳铁蛋白为有效成分。
本发明可以使用的乳铁蛋白以牛乳、人乳、山羊乳、羊乳等哺乳动物的乳为原料。乳铁蛋白大量包含赖氨酸、精氨酸等碱性氨基酸,有时也统称为碱性蛋白。该碱性蛋白可以通过使用阳离子交换树脂对脱脂乳、乳清等乳原料进行提纯来获得。本发明中,可以从乳中分离、提纯乳铁蛋白并配合必要量,但特别是可以利用以牛乳的脱脂乳、乳清为原料而得到的含有乳铁蛋白的碱性蛋白质组分。
作为得到该含有乳铁蛋白的碱性蛋白组分的方法,已知有:使乳或来自乳的原料与阳离子交换体接触而吸附碱性蛋白后,用pH超过5、离子强度超过0.5的洗提液将吸附在该阳离子交换体上的碱性蛋白洗提而得到的方法(日本特开平5-202098号公报);使用海藻酸凝胶而得到的方法(日本特开昭61-246198号公报);使用无机的多孔质颗粒从乳清中得到的方法(日本特开平1-86839号公报);使用硫酸酯化合物从乳中得到的方法(日本特开昭63-255300号公报)等。本发明可以将通过这些方法得到的含有乳铁蛋白的碱性蛋白组分作为有效成分来使用。
另外,本发明可以使用的铁-乳铁蛋白是铁和乳铁蛋白结合的状态的物质,只要是铁和乳铁蛋白结合、或者铁和乳铁蛋白通过其它物质结合的物质、所谓的铁不以离子状态存在的物质即可。例如,可以列举出在乳铁蛋白类中添加含有碳酸和/或重碳酸的溶液以及含有铁的溶液而得到的前述的“铁-乳铁蛋白结合体”、“铁-乳铁蛋白复合体”等,可以将这些铁-乳铁蛋白作为本发明的有效成分来使用。这些铁-乳铁蛋白由于具有耐热性,因此即使在制剂和饮食品中添加、加工时进行加热处理也没问题。另外,这些铁-乳铁蛋白由于具有完全没有铁的涩味、金属味等的特征,因此在风味上完全没有问题。
发明效果
通过使用或者摄取本发明牙质硬度维持剂、用于维持牙质硬度的饮食品,可以抑制细菌附着后产生的牙齿的牙釉质的脱钙,因此对于维持牙质的硬度以及预防龋齿有效。
附图说明
图1表示试验例1中的乳铁蛋白和铁-乳铁蛋白对牙质硬度的变化的影响。
具体实施方式
本发明的牙质硬度维持剂以乳铁蛋白和/或铁-乳铁蛋白为有效成分,可以以例如,牙膏、漱口药(gargle)、防口臭剂、漱口剂(mouthwash)、糖、口香糖、片剂等形态配合到药品和饮食品中进行使用。作为给药的形态和给药量,期望是成人一人1天1~50mg左右、分为几次与牙齿表面接触。另外,本发明的有效成分即乳铁蛋白和铁-乳铁蛋白由于具有优异的生理活性,可以应用到各种制剂和饮食品中,其安全性也完全没问题。
下面,示出实施例和试验例,对本发明进行更详细地说明,这些仅仅是举例,本发明并不受这些实施例的任何限制。
实施例1
(乳铁蛋白和铁-乳铁蛋白的制备)
对于填充了400g阳离子交换树脂的磺化Chitopearl(富士纺织公司制造)的柱(直径5cm×高30cm),用去离子水充分洗涤之后,以25ml/min的流速向该柱中通入40L(pH6.7)未杀菌脱脂乳。通液后,用去离子水充分洗涤该柱,接着,用含有0.7M氯化钠的0.02M碳酸缓冲液(pH7.0)进行洗涤,然后用含有0.98M氯化钠的0.02M碳酸缓冲液(pH7.0)将吸附到树脂上的组分洗提。然后,利用反渗透(RO)膜对该洗提液进行脱盐,浓缩后,进行冷冻干燥而获得11g乳铁蛋白粉末。另外,该乳铁蛋白粉末中含有93重量%乳铁蛋白。
制备1L含有10μmol这样获得的乳铁蛋白和1.2mol碳酸氢钠的溶液作为A液。制备1L含有以铁离子计1.5mmol硫酸铁的溶液作为B液。在A液中加入B液后,利用阻挡分子量5000的超滤膜进行脱盐、浓缩,利用模拟缓冲液(pH8.9)稀释成铁浓度为94mg/100ml,得到铁-乳铁蛋白。这样获得的铁-乳铁蛋白,每100ml溶液含有0.9g乳铁蛋白和94mg铁。
[试验例1]
(牙质硬度维持作用的确认)
使用实施例1制造的乳铁蛋白、铁-乳铁蛋白,使用人工口腔装置验证牙质硬度维持作用。本装置由3台人工口腔部分、2台送液用泵、恒温槽、3台冷却搅拌器、pH记录仪构成。从上部安装固定有5根不锈钢管的硅栓,从下部安装反向固定有引流用管和平面pH电极的硅栓,进行密闭。使温水在人工口腔部分的水套中循环,从而将装置内部维持在37℃。在平面pH电极周围使用多用蜡将4个牛牙釉质齿片(3.5mm×3.5mm×1.5mm)固定到特氟纶制支持器上。从其上部连续滴下含有2.5%蔗糖(电极上为1.0%)的HI培养基、细菌悬浮液。作为对照滴加PBS,作为实验组滴加各种乳成分。连续地记录pH的同时继续滴加15~18小时,随着人工菌斑形成,对照的pH降低到4附近时,停止滴加。用0.5N氢氧化钠溶液对形成在牙釉质齿片上和pH电极上的人工生物膜进行处理,进行离心分离,在500nm下测定的沉淀物的浊度作为菌体量。通过苯酚-硫酸法对其上清液进行定量,作为非水溶性葡聚糖(WIG)量。由实验前后的Vicker’s硬度变化(ΔH)评价牙釉质的脱钙度。另外,实验中考察了乳成分对于S.sobrinus ATCC33478(OD500=0.1)的生物膜形成、pH降低、牛牙釉质齿片的脱钙的影响。
结果在图1中示出。根据图1,对于牙釉质脱钙度,观察到乳铁蛋白和铁-乳铁蛋白与对照相比较差异显著(p<0.01)。另外,关于pH降低、在齿片上的菌体量和WIG附着量的平均值,看不到与对照的差异。即,对于乳铁蛋白、铁-乳铁蛋白,无论是S.sobrinus、S.mutans的保存株、还是临床分离株,都看不到在蔗糖存在下的pH降低抑制作用、生物膜形成抑制作用,但可明确具有维持牙釉质的硬度的效果。
实施例2
(用于维持牙质硬度的牙膏的制造)
按照表1所示的配方混合各成分,制造膏并填充到容器中,制造用于预防和改善牙周病的牙膏。
[表1]
实施例3
(用于维持牙质硬度的漱口剂的制造)
按照表2所示的配方混合各成分,制造用于维持牙质硬度的漱口剂。
[表2]
实施例4
(用于维持牙质硬度的口香糖的制造)
按照表3所示的配方,将胶基溶解,将各成分搅拌后,成形,制造牙质硬度改善用口香糖。
[表3]
实施例5
(用于维持牙质硬度的糖的制造)
将砂糖和糖稀按照表4所示的配方混合搅拌,煮干到150℃,冷却到115℃后,添加铁-乳铁蛋白使其为0.1重量%,并进行搅拌,在冷却盘上冷却,成形,制造用于维持牙质硬度的糖。
[表4]
Claims (2)
1.乳铁蛋白和/或铁-乳铁蛋白在制备牙质硬度维持剂中的应用,所述牙质硬度维持剂用于维持细菌附着之后的牙齿的牙质硬度。
2.乳铁蛋白和/或铁-乳铁蛋白在制备用于维持牙质硬度的饮食品中的应用,所述维持牙质硬度的饮食品用于维持细菌附着之后的牙齿的牙质硬度。
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BE901672A (fr) | 1985-02-07 | 1985-08-07 | Oleofina Sa | Procede de purification de proteines du lait et de ses derives. |
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CA2655352A1 (en) | 2007-12-21 |
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