CN101427936A - 具有限制刀片的再使用的构件的喉镜 - Google Patents

具有限制刀片的再使用的构件的喉镜 Download PDF

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CN101427936A
CN101427936A CNA2008101727198A CN200810172719A CN101427936A CN 101427936 A CN101427936 A CN 101427936A CN A2008101727198 A CNA2008101727198 A CN A2008101727198A CN 200810172719 A CN200810172719 A CN 200810172719A CN 101427936 A CN101427936 A CN 101427936A
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马修·J·R·麦格拉思
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于实施内部检查的医疗器件，例如喉镜(1)。更具体而言，本发明涉及具有一次性刀片(3)的喉镜(1)或器件并提供用于限制对先前已经使用过的刀片(3)进行再使用的构件。

Description

具有限制刀片的再使用的构件的喉镜
技术领域
本发明涉及用于实施内部检查的医疗器件，具体而言，涉及用于协助插入呼吸管的具有一次性部分的喉镜。
背景技术
插入呼吸管是外科手术前为麻醉师提供气道的过程中的一重要步骤。而且，在紧急情况下，护理人员或医生也往往需要将呼吸管插入不省人事的病人的气道内。插入呼吸管需要较高的技术，通常使用喉镜通过约束病人的舌头并从而能够清晰地观察喉部及气管入口来协助插入呼吸管。在实施这一步骤的过程中，需要很高的技术和格外的小心以避免损伤病人的牙齿及喉咙软组织。
专业医生在试图借助喉镜把管子插进病人体内时，由于常常很难看到正在进行的情况，因而常常会出现问题。
数字显示，在大约12％的情况下，在插管期间(考虑到每年要实施超过1200万次插管，这会影响很多人)会造成创伤。
据英国的一项广泛的研究发现，在等待再使用的表面上干净的喉镜握把中，有50％已在先前步骤中被血污染。这是因传统喉镜中的设计缺陷及医院内不甚有效的清理作法而造成的。在已经引入了可弃式一次性手术器械的地方，因更换的成本较高，有12％的医院实际上还在对其加以再使用。使情况更糟的是，因假定一次性使用无菌，因而往往从不对这些元件加以清理。
显然，为对病人使用喉镜，确信喉镜经过彻底清理且不存在病人之间交叉污染的危险非常重要。有证据显示，标准的清理步骤对于从喉镜上清除诸如细菌等污染物并非总是十分有效。(JR Hall.′Blood contamination of equipment...(设备的血液污染)′Anaesthesia and Analgesia.1994；78：1136-9MD Ester，LC Baines，DJ Wilkinson & RMLangford.′Decontamination of Laryngoscopes：a survey of national practice.(喉镜的净化：国家规范调查)′Anaesthesia，1999，54)。
通常，为清理喉镜，须对刀片进行浸泡和高压灭菌。握把可经过一类似的步骤，或可仅将其擦净，因为握把并不像刀片那样与病人接触。这种清理耗费大量的时间，这意味着需有大量的握把及刀片轮流使用以确保在需要时始终有清洁的喉镜可供使用。这就需要实施一既费时又昂贵的步骤。
为了尽力克服这些与喉镜相关的问题，人们已提出使用一次性刀片。令人遗憾的是，刀片在丢弃前仍然使用多次的作法在实践中司空见惯。也可使用滑套于标准喉镜刀片上以用作防护件的柔性保护鞘。其虽然有用，但用户可视需要来选择是否使用这种鞘。对用户而言，没有这种鞘的现有刀片用起来更好，因为这种鞘会使光输出失真，因此现有鞘使用得很少。
发明内容
本发明力图对现有技术加以改进。
在本申请案中，术语“刀片”应自始至终在广义上理解为不仅涵盖喉镜刀片而且涵盖插入体腔内的诊视器或元件。
根据本发明的一第一方面，提供一种医疗器件，其包括一本体部分及一刀片部分，其中所述刀片部分可与所述本体部分分离，其特征在于所述医疗器件设置有损坏构件，用于指示一特定刀片部分先前是否已曾附装至所述本体部分。
视情况，所述损坏构件将防止重新附装一先前已曾附装至一本体部分的刀片。
较佳地，所述损坏构件包括所述本体中的发射和接收构件，所述发射和接收构件分别与所述刀片中的接收和发射构件发送和接收信号。
较佳地，所述本体中的接收构件可通过所述刀片中的发射构件来确定所述刀片先前是否紧密接近过一本体。
较佳地，所述发射构件为一射频发射器。
较佳地，所述接收构件为一射频接收器。
视情况，所述本体中的所述接收构件将对其在使用寿命中接触过的刀片的数量进行计数。
视情况，所述损坏构件包括一用于跳开电触点以防止其继续使用的器件。
视情况，所述损坏构件包括若一特定刀片部分先前曾附装至所述本体部分则引起一物理变化的元件。
另一选择为，所述损坏构件包括在所述刀片与所述本体分离时会折断的锁定元件。
较佳地，所述锁定元件包括一凸起及一凹陷，所述凸起及凹陷中的一者设置于所述刀片上而另一者则设置于所述本体上。
较佳地，所述凸起设置有一变弱的部分。
较佳地，所述凹陷设置有一变弱的部分。
附图说明
为更好地了解本发明，现在将仅以举例方式参照下列图式来阐述各实施例，其中：
图1显示一根据本发明的一第一方面的喉镜的剖面图。
图2显示一根据本发明的一第二方面的一喉镜的剖面图。
具体实施方式
在本发明的较佳实施例中，该医疗器件为一可用于插入呼吸管的喉镜。
根据本发明，提供一种喉镜1，其具有一一次性刀片3。刀片3为在检查期间与病人接触的部分。因此，在使用后，刀片3可丢掉，而喉镜1的其余部分可再使用。
刀片3为一次性的优点之一是，将不存在病人的交叉污染且不需要冗长的清理步骤。不过，为了确保刀片3不被再使用，在喉镜1中并入一损坏机理。
在一实施例中，将一母芯片4设置于喉镜1的本体2中。将一能为母芯片4所识别的射频标签5设置于一次性刀片3中。射频标签5设置有一序列号且每一射频标签5均具有一唯一的序列号。当因刀片3附装至本体部分2而使射频标签5与母芯片4紧密接触时，母芯片4可读取该序列号。如果该母芯片识别出该序列号来自一先前情形，则将此指示给用户。
另一选择为，射频标签没有序列号，而是由母芯片以电子方式标记射频标签，以便可识别出其先前接触过另一本体。此为较佳实施例。
在该较佳实施例中，本体2设置有一监视器6。如果母芯片4识别出当前所附装的刀片中射频标签5上的序列号或任一其他电子信号，则一计算机程序将就位以在一附装至本体2的监视器上显示一信息来通知用户。母芯片4将通常既能读取刀片芯片又能在刀片芯片上进行写入。这将允许以一种意味着刀片芯片将被其所附装至的任一本体段所识别出的方式以电子方式对刀片芯片进行写入。此为较佳实施例，因为其可确保在紧急情况下(例如当一护理人员被调用到一具有大量人员伤亡的现场时)，若绝对需要，则可对刀片3加以再使用。如果需要，其还将允许存储日期、时间、病人详细资料及其他信息。上述射频传信的一替代形式是使用一为一光读取器的母芯片4a。将存在一种以物理方式对先前使用过的刀片3进行标记的机理，且该物理标记将由母芯片4a识别。该些物理标记可为设计成在使用期间施加压力后出现的表面刻痕、退色、曝光或微弱的断裂点/线。
上述选项的优点是，可对母芯片4或4a进行编程以允许可在一规定的周期内再使用一定的次数或允许在紧急情况下手动地超越限制。
另一选择为，这种损坏机理可采用在刀片3与本体2分开时使电气连接线断开的形式，以便如果重新连接相同的刀片3与本体2时，不向插入刀片3的核心6内的任何构件供电。又一选择为，刀片3可包括能够固定到喉镜1的本体2中的凹陷内的凸起，以便在刀片3移离本体2时这些凸起折断，从而使刀片3此后不能再使用。此等替代形式可能更适用在非紧急区域中，例如适用于不大可能发生需要在极其紧急情况下对刀片3进行再使用的常规手术手术室中。
可见，本发明具有许多优于现有技术的优点及多种可能的用途。虽然上述各实例是涉及一喉镜，但能够看出，此概念可扩展至其他医疗或兽医器件，此仍属于本发明的范围内。刀片为完全一次性的事实也非常重要，因为这意味着要求专业医生更换刀片且产品既使用简单又造价低廉。
所属领域的技术人员应了解，本文对上述实施例的说明仅为举例说明，而决非具有限定意义，且可存在各种变动和修改，此并不背离由随附权利要求书所界定的本发明的范围。

Claims (14)

1、一种医疗器件，其包括一本体部分及一刀片部分，其中所述刀片部分可与所述本体部分分离，其特征在于所述医疗器件设置有一损坏构件，以用于指示一特定刀片部分先前是否已曾附装至一本体部分，所述损坏构件包括一光读取器和一用于以物理方式对先前使用过的一刀片部分进行标记的机构。
2、如权利要求1所述的医疗器件，其中所述损坏构件将防止重新附装一先前已曾附装至一本体部分的刀片。
3、如权利要求1所述的医疗器件，其中所述损坏构件将提醒一用户一刀片先前已曾附装至一本体部分。
4、如权利要求1至3所述的医疗器件，其中所述损坏构件包括位于所述本体内的一发射构件及一接收构件，该发射构件及该接收构件分别与所述刀片内的一接收和发射构件发送和接收信号。
5、如权利要求4所述的医疗器件，其中所述本体中的所述接收构件可通过所述刀片中的所述发射构件确定所述刀片先前是否已曾紧密接近一本体部分。
6、如权利要求4或5所述的医疗器件，其中所述发射构件为一射频发射器。
7、如权利要求4至6所述的医疗器件，其中所述接收构件为一射频接收器。
8、如权利要求4至7所述的医疗器件，其中所述本体中的所述接收构件将对其所接触的刀片数量进行计数。
9、如权利要求1至8所述的医疗器件，其中所述损坏构件包括一用于跳开电触点以防止其继续使用的器件。
10、如权利要求1至9所述的医疗器件，其中所述损坏构件包括若一特定刀片部分先前已曾附装至所述本体部分，则引起一物理变化的元件。
11、如权利要求10所述的医疗器件，其中所述损坏构件包括在所述刀片与所述本体分离时会折断的锁定元件。
12、如权利要求11所述的医疗器件，其中所述锁定元件包括一凸起及一凹陷，该凸起及该凹陷中的一者设置于所述刀片上而另一者则设置于所述本体上。
13、如权利要求12所述的医疗器件，其中所述凸起设置有一变弱的部分。
14、如权利要求12所述的医疗器件，其中所述凹陷设置有一变弱的部分。
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