CN101426461B - 制备吸收复合材料的方法和利用吸收复合材料的吸收制品 - Google Patents

制备吸收复合材料的方法和利用吸收复合材料的吸收制品 Download PDF

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CN101426461B
CN101426461B CN200780014162.9A CN200780014162A CN101426461B CN 101426461 B CN101426461 B CN 101426461B CN 200780014162 A CN200780014162 A CN 200780014162A CN 101426461 B CN101426461 B CN 101426461B
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fabric
granule
composite
absorbent article
absorption
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CN101426461A (zh
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P·曾
K·E·张
A·赖特
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DSG Technology Holdings Ltd Virgin Islands
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DSG Technology Holdings Ltd Virgin Islands
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Priority to CN202310797610.8A priority Critical patent/CN116983146A/zh
Priority to CN201611138810.9A priority patent/CN106580559A/zh
Priority to CN201510324850.1A priority patent/CN105147462A/zh
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)

Abstract

一种制备吸收复合材料的方法和由所述吸收复合材料制成的吸收制品,所述吸收复合材料包括第一织物、第二织物和位于两个织物之间的颗粒。颗粒用粘合剂、热塑性材料或其组合固定在两个织物之间。织物以限制颗粒在织物之间移动的方式粘结在一起。粘结图形可限定袋或其他形状。在其中粘结图形形成袋的应用中,可将颗粒置于袋内。颗粒可以为SAP颗粒或具有有利性质的其他颗粒。

Description

制备吸收复合材料的方法和利用吸收复合材料的吸收制品
发明背景
本发明整体涉及制备吸收复合材料的方法。本发明还通常涉及利用吸收复合材料的一次性吸收制品。一次性吸收制品包括尿布、训练裤、成人失禁制品、身体渗出物吸收制品、妇女卫生制品及其他吸收制品(共同被称为“一次性吸收制品”)。
现有的一次性吸收制品一般利用三种基础结构元件:形成内表面的顶片、形成外表面的底片和置于顶片和底片之间的吸收芯。顶片被设计成允许液体从吸收制品外侧通过顶片并进入吸收芯。顶片可由一定范围的液体和蒸气可透过的亲水材料或疏水材料制成。顶片的渗透性可用表面活性剂(“界面活性剂”)增加。表面活性剂降低液体-固体界面的表面能或接触角,并促进液体通过顶片。
底片被设计成防止流体从吸收芯通过底片并离开吸收制品。底片可由在制品的完全宽度延伸的不渗透薄膜或类布材料和不渗透薄膜的组合制成。底片也可具有透气性质(“透气性”),这种性质允许蒸气透过底片而不释放在吸收芯中储存的流体。底片也可由液体不可透过而蒸气可透过的非织造材料制成,如纺粘-熔喷-纺粘(“SMS”)、纺粘-熔喷-熔喷-纺粘(“SMMS”)、微米、纳米或裂离纤维、纺熔或射流喷网、粗梳材料等。
吸收芯被设计成容纳和分配通过顶片的流体。一般吸收芯由吸收基质稳定的高或超吸收聚合物(SAP)制成。SAP通常由诸如聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酸酯、各种接枝淀粉和交联聚丙烯酸钠的材料制成。SAP可以为颗粒、纤维、泡沫、网、球、规则或不规则形状的附聚物和薄膜的形式。吸收基质一般为脱纤维化木浆或类似材料。吸收基质相对于顶片、底片和SAP很膨松。尿布的大部分厚度来自于吸收芯。
吸收制品的消费者越来越需要较薄的吸收制品。为了满足这些需要,制造商通过减少吸收芯中使用的吸收基质的量来减小吸收制品的厚度。虽然得到的吸收芯较薄,但它们在性能方面受到损害。由于吸收基质的量减少,因此使SAP稳定(防止SAP在吸收芯内迁移)的效率降低。由于SAP在芯内迁移,吸收芯的效率损失,并且不再有均匀吸收性。例如,未被包含的SAP倾向于在湿化区域聚团,并且对处理随后的排泄物无效。
制造商已尝试通过制备小的单独SAP袋或者胶合SAP解决这一问题。然而,这些解决方法在很大程度上没有成功。SAP袋仅仅使迁移限于在袋内移动。然而,由于仍有颗粒移动,吸收芯并不表现出均匀吸收性。胶合SAP使SAP稳定,但得到不舒适挺硬的吸收芯,并且SAP的膨胀能力损失。
因此需要一种改良的吸收制品,所述制品延续减小制品厚度的趋势,同时使制品硬度减至最小,并且另外展示极佳的吸收性。
发明概述
本发明公开一种不需要吸收基质的吸收复合材料和制备吸收复合材料的新方法。本发明也公开一种结合所述吸收复合材料的吸收制品。本文所述的新吸收复合材料提供一种吸收制品,这种吸收制品可以做得很薄并且柔顺,同时保持足够的SAP以提供充分的吸收性及干湿完整性(均匀吸收性)。虽然本文描述在尿布中使用吸收复合材料,但本领域技术人员很容易理解,根据本发明方法制备的吸收复合材料可用于多种吸收制品。
本发明也涉及一种结合所述新吸收复合材料的改良的吸收制品。
本发明的一个实施方案为一种制备复合材料片的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤,布置第一织物以接收颗粒,在第一织物上沉积颗粒,将粘合剂施加到第二织物,相对于第一织物布置第二织物,并形成在第一织物和第二织物之间延伸的粘结部位。本发明的方法可进一步包括其中颗粒包括SAP颗粒、皮肤护理颗粒、气味吸收颗粒、粘合剂颗粒、离子交换颗粒及其组合的制品。此外,本发明的方法可包括用疏水物质涂覆颗粒的步骤。
本发明的方法可包括使第一织物适形于一个表面的步骤。所述表面可包括在适形于表面时在第一织物中形成袋的凹陷。可将SAP颗粒引入在第一织物中形成的袋。可利用抽吸使第一织物适形于表面。施加到第二织物的粘合剂可以固定有效量干燥颗粒的足够浓度施加。浓度一般介于1克/平方米至100克/平方米之间,更具体地讲,粘合剂可以5克/平方米和75克/平方米之间,甚至更佳12克/平方米和50克/平方米之间的浓度施加。粘合剂可以使粘合剂接合的颗粒的总量在1克/平方米和100克/平方米之间的方式施加。本发明的方法可进一步包括在第一织物上沉积颗粒之前将粘合剂施加到第一织物的步骤。
本发明方法的粘结部位可以为粘结线,这些粘结线可连续或间断,并且可限定袋或其他形状和图案。或者,粘结部位可以为粘结点。本发明方法的粘结部位可与颗粒相关布置,和/或布置成防止直线颗粒迁移大于2英寸。
本发明方法的一个供选实施方案包括以下步骤,布置第一织物以接收颗粒,在第一织物上布置颗粒,使颗粒相对于第一织物固定,在颗粒上布置第二织物,并形成使第一织物接合到第二织物的粘结部位。粘结部位可以是隔开以阻止颗粒迁移的离散的点。粘结部位也可以是隔开以阻止颗粒迁移的粘结线或连接成单一粘结线的粘结线。粘结线可布置成袋,并在袋内放入一些颗粒。颗粒可以是SAP颗粒、皮肤护理颗粒、气味吸收颗粒、粘合剂颗粒、离子交换颗粒及其组合。颗粒可用粘合剂、热塑性材料或其组合固定到第一织物。作为附加或替代,颗粒可用粘合剂、热塑性材料或其组合固定到第二织物。供选的实施方案可进一步包括在接收颗粒的第一织物中成形的步骤。
本发明新的一次性吸收制品包括顶片、底片和置于其间的吸收芯,其中所述底片、顶片和吸收芯之一的至少一部分为吸收复合材料,所述吸收复合材料包括第一织物、粘结到第一织物的第二织物和在第一织物和第二织物之间粘着的颗粒。颗粒可以是SAP颗粒、皮肤护理颗粒、气味吸收颗粒、粘合剂颗粒、离子交换颗粒及其组合。
新制品可进一步包括与芯横向隔开的一对纵向延伸的直立箍,各箍包括顶片的折叠部分和固定在折叠部分内的纵向延伸的吸收复合材料,所述纵向延伸的吸收复合材料包括第一箍织物、粘结到第一箍织物的第二箍织物及在第一织物和第二织物之间粘着的颗粒。纵向延伸的吸收复合材料可以为一个连续吸收复合材料的多个部分。顶片可包括吸收复合材料的第一织物。吸收芯可包括吸收复合材料。芯的吸收复合材料可进一步包括位于第二织物上的颗粒和粘结到第二织物的第三织物。芯的吸收复合材料可进一步包括邻近第二织物布置的第三织物、粘接到第三织物的第四织物及在第三织物和第四织物之间粘着的颗粒。第二织物和第三织物可以为一体式。
新制品可包括底片和包含吸收复合材料的芯。制品可进一步包括相对于吸收芯布置的采集层。制品也可包括包含第一织物的顶片。
新吸收制品的一个供选实施方案包括顶片;底片;吸收复合材料,所述吸收复合材料包括第一织物、粘结到第一织物的第二织物以及在第一织物和第二织物之间粘着的颗粒吸收层,其中所述吸收层置于顶片和底片之间,并且大致居中布置于被称为裆区的位置,所述吸收层提供用于吸收在裆区内接收的身体渗出物的吸收芯。
供选的实施方案可进一步包括与吸收芯横向隔开的一对纵向延伸的直立箍,各箍包括顶片的折叠部分和固定在折叠部分内的纵向延伸的吸收复合材料,所述纵向延伸的吸收复合材料包括第一箍织物、粘结到第一箍织物的第二箍织物及在第一箍织物和第二箍织物之间粘着的颗粒吸收层。此外,位于裆区的吸收复合材料和箍的纵向延伸的吸收复合材料可以为围绕裆区布置的一个连续吸收复合结构的部分。
供选的实施方案可包括载于底片的吸收层,以使底片的部分提供吸收复合材料的第二织物。底片可进一步包括第一底片层、第二底片层和位于其间的约20gsm浓度的SAP颗粒,并且第二底片层为具有约10gsm至60gsm基重的SMS。吸收层可粘着到第一织物和第二织物之间,并且粘合剂浓度在1克/平方米和100克/平方米之间。第一织物可在离散的点粘结到第二织物,这些离散的点可限定袋。此外,第一织物可沿着多条粘结线粘结到第二织物,这些粘结线可限定袋。
在另一个供选的实施方案中,新的吸收制品包括顶片、底片和置于顶片和底片之间的吸收芯,所述吸收芯包括第一织物、第二织物、使第一织物连接到第二织物的粘结部位以及在第一织物和第二织物之间粘着的颗粒吸收层。颗粒可以为SAP颗粒和/或其他有益颗粒。吸收层可载于顶片的部分下,以使顶片的部分提供吸收复合材料的第二织物。吸收层可载于底片的部分上,以使底片部分提供吸收复合材料的第一织物。
新的一次性吸收制品的另一个实施方案可包括在吸收层中约50克/平方米和650克/平方米之间浓度的SAP颗粒。SAP颗粒也可用疏水物质涂覆,以阻止吸收层中SAP颗粒初始接收液体。粘结部位可限定多条阻止吸收层SAP颗粒移动的连续的线。可使连续的线在第一织物和第二织物之间形成袋。粘结部位可限定多条阻止吸收层SAP颗粒移动的间断的线。可使间断的线在第一织物和第二织物之间形成袋。
在另一个实施方案中,新的吸收复合材料包括第一织物、粘结到第一织物的第二织物和固定在第一织物和第二织物之间的有效浓度颗粒。可用粘合剂、热塑性材料或其组合固定有效浓度颗粒。可用热或超声粘结使第一织物粘结到第二织物。可将粘合剂施加到第一织物和第二织物上。粘合剂可以1克/平方米和100克/平方米之间的浓度施加。
在另一个实施方案中,粘结部沿着颗粒的袋的周边布置。粘结部可形成图形,如人字形、垒砖形、圆形、三角形、点、虚线、矩形及其组合。另一个实施方案也可包括位于第一片和第二片之间的松散颗粒。
为了能够更好地理解以下发明详述,前述相当广泛地概括了本发明的特点和技术优势。以下描述本发明的其他特点和优势。应了解,所公开的具体实施方案可很容易用作修改或设计实现本发明目的的其他结构的基础。还应认识到,此类相当结构不脱离附加权利要求阐述的本发明。相信本发明的新特征为本发明组织和操作方法方面的特点,通过以下说明并结合附图,可更好地理解这些新特征与其他目的和优点。然而,应明确理解,各图仅为了说明和描述提供,并不作为本发明范围的限定。
附图简述
为了可完全地理解本发明,现在结合附图参考以下说明,其中:
图1为用压光辊制备本发明吸收复合材料的方法的一个实施方案的示意图;
图2为用压光辊制备本发明吸收复合材料的方法的另一个实施方案的示意图;
图3为利用其他能源的图1所示本发明方法的示意图;
图4为用超声粘结技术代替压光辊的图1所示方法的变型;
图5为用超声粘结技术代替压光辊的图2所示方法的变型;
图6为可用于本发明方法和吸收制品的各种可能粘结图形的图解;
图7为由本发明方法形成并用于本发明吸收制品的袋的横截面图;
图8为表现本发明吸收复合材料的一次性吸收制品的透视图;
图9为平展状态的图8的一次性吸收制品的顶部平面图;
图10为图8的一次性制品的部件分解图;
图11为利用本发明吸收复合材料并由本发明吸收制品利用的吸收芯的部分横截面图;
图12为利用本发明吸收复合材料的供选实施方案并由本发明供选吸收制品利用的吸收芯的部分横截面图;
图13为在腿箍中利用本发明的吸收复合材料的吸收制品的横截面图;
图14为在腿箍中利用本发明的饱和吸收复合材料的吸收制品的横截面图。
发明详述
通过研究详述和本文提供的附图,本领域技术人员将明显看到,根据本发明制备的吸收复合材料可用于一次性吸收制品,更具体地讲,可用于诸如尿布、训练裤或其他失禁制品的一次性吸收制品。因此,虽然以下描述特别涉及在一次性尿布中使用的吸收复合材料,但本发明不应限于本文明确描述和说明的结构和方法。与本发明相关的术语“吸收制品”或“吸收衣服”包括紧贴或邻近穿着者身体放置以吸收和容纳各种身体渗出物、体液或生物流体的各种一次性制品和衣服。
现在转向附图,图1显示本发明方法的一个实施方案。在图1中显示织物125从辊120分配,并沿着生产线载于输送带100上。根据一个实施方案,织物125为热塑性材料,热塑性材料可为织造材料、非织造材料、薄膜或其组合。织物125通过真空系统110固定到输送带100上。真空系统110用于使织物125固定到输送带100上。
在一个实施方案中,输送带100的表面具有凹陷部分,在织物拉靠在输送带100的表面上时,在织物125中形成杯。输送带100的表面不限于在织物中形成杯的结构,而是可构造成具有多种不同表面形状和大小。实例包括脊、凸起形状和孔洞。此外,表面形状可以跨输送带宽度和长度均匀或不均匀分布。或者,输送带100可以是平的。在其中输送带100具有孔洞或其他类似结构的应用中,在织物125中形成的袋的深度可由真空系统110的力、织物125的弹性或其组合改变。此外,在织物拉靠在输送带100的表面上时,可用加热增加织物125的弹性。可通过加热的输送带或在本领域已知的任何其他方法对织物加热。可跨输送带100的表面或在所选择的位置均匀施加真空110。例如,在其中输送带100的表面具有凹陷的结构中,可只在凹陷处施加真空。
然后通过SAP分配器130在织物125上沉积SAP颗粒135。SAP分配器130可配置成使SAP颗粒位于第一织物上所需的位置,或者可只配置成使SAP颗粒在第一织物上沉积,其中SAP颗粒由另一种方法布置。本领域的技术人员了解可使用多个SAP分配器130。可通过卷绕或其他已知方法使SAP颗粒135沉积于、布置于或沉积且布置于织物125上。或者,可将图1所示的输送带倒置,以便真空系统110适应从上面抽吸。在此构造中,织物125载于SAP颗粒135的供应源上,SAP颗粒由真空系统110保持在织物125的表面上。在供选的实施方案中,SAP分配器130可包含皮肤护理颗粒,如离子交换树脂、除臭剂、抗微生物剂、粘合剂颗粒或其他有益颗粒。此外,虽然优选的实施方案涉及SAP颗粒,但本文公开的方法可与以上提到的颗粒的任何组合一起使用,包括不包含SAP的组合。或者,可用有利沿着生产线(未显示)布置的单独的分配器沉积不同类型的颗粒,例如皮肤护理颗粒。
SAP颗粒135可根据一些供选方法布置并集中于织物125上。在一个实施方案中,真空系统110和织物125可配置成允许真空系统110将SAP颗粒135均匀拉靠在织物125的表面上或特定区域。在另一个实施方案中,织物125的形状引导SAP颗粒135进入适合位置。例如,在织物125成形为袋时,SAP颗粒135由于真空系统110、输送带振动、卷绕、输送带角度或其组合滚入袋内。或者,可布置并控制SAP分配器130跨织物125的表面策略分配SAP颗粒135,这种策略布置包括但不限于与纵向对准或不对准、偏置或无规。此外,可布置SAP颗粒,使得有不存在SAP颗粒的区域。另外,可用粘合剂布置SAP颗粒,例如在表面的特定位置上施加粘合剂,在表面上沉积SAP颗粒。另外,SAP颗粒可布置在织物125和155两者上。
一旦SAP颗粒已沉积并布置于织物125上,就可从辊150将第二织物155引入生产线。第二织物155可选自多种材料,包括纺粘热塑性材料或类似织造或非织造材料、薄膜或其组合。
粘合剂145可以多种方式施加到SAP颗粒135上。图1显示粘合剂145施加到织物155上。或者,粘合剂145可施加到织物125和SAP颗粒135上,在SAP颗粒135沉积于织物125上之前施加到织物125上,或者在SAP颗粒沉积于织物125上之前直接施加到SAP颗粒上。在另一个实施方案中,粘合剂145施加到织物125和155一起接合所在的点。在另一个实施方案中,施加多个粘合剂涂层。例如,粘合剂145可在SAP颗粒135沉积之前施加到织物125上,在它们已布置后施加到SAP颗粒135上,施加到织物155上或其组合。作为以上实施方案的替代或附加,可使粘合剂颗粒与SAP颗粒135混合。另外,根据完成复合材料的所需吸收性质,粘合剂可均匀、无规或以特定图形施加。
可根据本领域技术人员已知的多种方法施加粘合剂。例如,可将粘合剂喷涂、轧涂或旋涂于织物155的表面上。粘合剂可以为疏水、亲水、可生物降解、生物衍生或其组合。优选的粘合剂为疏水性。涂层中粘合剂的浓度可以在1克/平方米和100克/平方米(“GSM”)之间。最佳浓度在5GSM和75GSM之间。在优选的实施方案中,浓度在12GSM和50GSM之间。另外,应施加足够的粘合剂以覆盖至少25%目标区域。
然后将织物125和155粘结在一起。图1显示其中使用压光辊160和170的热粘结系统。然而可使用其他粘结系统/方法。例如,可使用图4和5的超声粘结系统。在粘结过程中和在粘结过程后,粘合剂145可相对于织物将SAP颗粒135保持在相对固定的位置。粘结图形可与SAP颗粒135分布对准。或者,粘结图形可不与SAP颗粒135分布对准。在此实施方案中,在通过SAP颗粒135粘结或要通过SAP颗粒135粘结之前,粘结设备可适应将SAP颗粒135轻推到一边。这些实施方案消除需要粘结点与SAP颗粒分布同步。
织物155和125显示为两种材料。然而,本领域的技术人员了解,所述织物可实际为相同材料的部分。在此结构中,折叠一体式织物以覆盖SAP颗粒。或者,可在施加第二织物155前折叠织物125的边缘。在其中织物125和155分离的实施方案中,织物125和155可以为相同或不同材料。另外,织物155可以为覆盖织物125的特定区域的大小,例如中心区域。
一旦织物粘结在一起,吸收复合材料195即被收集在复卷机200上。
图2显示本发明方法的优选实施方案。将织物125沿着输送带100输送。在沿着输送带100输送织物125时,将粘合剂145的薄涂层施加到织物125上。与图1方法一样,根据完成复合材料的所需吸收性质,粘合剂可均匀、无规或以特定图形施加。虽然图中显示粘合剂145在SAP颗粒135沉积前施加,但可预想供选的实施方案。例如,可根据关于图1所述的实施方案施加粘合剂。
在施加粘合剂后,SAP颗粒135沉积并布置在织物125上。可使SAP颗粒135直接沉积于织物125上,如图2所示,或者间接沉积,例如通过跨织物125鼓风SAP颗粒。SAP颗粒的重量有助于将织物125固定到输送带100上。另外,SAP颗粒可以类似于对图1公开的方式布置。
然后将第二织物155从辊150送入生产线。布置第二织物以覆盖SAP颗粒135。粘合剂145防止SAP颗粒在两个织物之间自由移动。然后将所得夹层结构输送到压光辊进行热粘结。如对图1所述,粘结图形可与SAP颗粒135对准或不对准。然后由复卷机200收集吸收复合材料195。如对图1所述,织物125和155可以为单片的部分。另外,可以对图1所述的方式折叠织物。在另一个实施方案中,织物125可用粘合剂涂覆,并在SAP颗粒的供应源上压制。
图3类似于图1和2,不同之处在于沿着装配线布置能源900,如炉或微波发生器。能源施加热量和或辐射910,热量和或辐射910可用于熔融热塑性粘合剂。也可调节加热量,以熔融具体类型的颗粒或纤维、织物的具体区段或只熔融颗粒/粘合剂的外层。
图4和5类似于图1和2,不同之处在于用超声粘结使织物粘结在一起。图4和5显示超声粘结系统(210a和210b)。很容易理解,图1-5显示新方法的不同实施方案,并且可根据需要有利组合不同方法的各个方面。然而对所有组合重要的是施加到SAP颗粒135的粘合剂145、粘合剂颗粒或其组合的量和粘结强度。如对图1提到,粘合剂的最佳浓度在12GSM和50GSM之间,尽管其他浓度可以接受。在所有实施方案中,重要的是粘合剂145的浓度高得足以阻止SAP颗粒135迁移。然而,此浓度不应太高,以致于涂覆SAP颗粒135并减小SAP膨胀。粘合剂应只阻止足够SAP颗粒135迁移以保证均匀吸收性。虽然未显示,但本领域技术人员了解,图3所示的能源900也可以图2、4和5所示的构型施加。
图6(a)-(q)显示本发明方法涵盖的不同粘结图形。粘结图形可完全封闭一个区域,部分封闭一个区域,或提供局部粘结区域。线和点表示粘结部位。实线描绘粘结线。粘结线可形成开放形状或封闭形状,如在实例(a)和(c)中发现的形状,其描绘完全封闭SAP颗粒135的袋的连续粘结线,或者如实例(g)那样,将吸收复合材料的不同区域隔开。虚线,如在实例(b)和(m)中发现的那样,是不完全封闭SAP颗粒135的袋的间断粘结线。在这些构型中,干燥SAP颗粒迁移受粘合剂和连续或间断粘结图形的抑制。可用间断粘结图形(pondpatter)代替连续粘结图形,反之亦然。另外,尽管图6显示连续或间断粘结图形,但可使用间断和连续粘结图形的组合。
图7显示吸收复合材料195的部分横截面图。图7显示粘结部192如何能够用于分隔SAP颗粒135的袋。如对粘结图形提到,可使SAP颗粒135完全封闭于由粘结图形限定的袋中,部分封闭于由粘结图形限定的袋中或只由粘结图形阻止。在本文中“阻止”是指SAP颗粒135不能直接从芯的一个区域移动到另一个区域,而应围绕粘结部位移动。
在本发明的一个方面,通过改变SAP颗粒的量、所用织物的类型和数量以及结构变量(如SAP与粘合剂之比)并在制品不同位置施加吸收复合材料,可在吸收复合材料中得到多种功能或有利特性。
另外,本领域技术人员了解,可修改构造上述单一吸收复合材料的方法,以制备多层压吸收复合材料。在包括多层的结构中,层可以为吸收复合材料195的片,这些片层压在一起,以形成单一结构或形成织物和SAP颗粒135的交替层形成单一结构。本领域的技术人员了解,通过将粘合剂施加到织物155的顶部(图1),施加第二SAP颗粒135层和第三织物(未显示),可得到这些交替层。同样,可增加其他层,这只受适用于粘结方法的最大厚度的限制。
在吸收复合材料的任何一个实施方案中,SAP颗粒135可用溶混性疏水物质涂覆。涂层作为初始减缓液体摄入,从而储存其他或次级排泄物SAP容量的阻挡层或膜。关于这一点,涂层使排泄物之间的吸收速率均化。在图1至5所示的方法中,可在施加粘合剂145之前,施加粘合剂145之后或同时施加涂层。或者,可使粘合剂与涂料混合。
在一个实施方案中,可在SAP颗粒135上施加矿物油的薄涂层。所述涂层阻止SAP颗粒初始摄入,并且允许用更多时间使液体在制品中铺展。优选矿物油以约0.00001克/克SAP至约0.1克/克SAP的浓度施加(根据特定产品设计)。或者,矿物油可施加到具体目标区域。以此方式,在涂覆的区域活化并开始溶胀之前促使接收的液体初始铺展到未涂覆区域。
由上述方法制备的吸收复合材料可用于一次性吸收制品或作为一次性吸收制品的一个或多个元件。吸收制品的元件包括底片、顶片、吸收芯、封壁或箍(包括腿部褶裥)、底片/吸收芯复合材料、顶片/吸收复合材料及其组合。以下更详细描述这些结构。
图8为尿布10形式一次性吸收制品的一个实施方案的透视图。尿布10包括顶片50、底片60和吸收芯(未显示)。所述尿布进一步包括沿着尿布纵向延伸并且弹性化以适形于穿着者臀部的直立阻碍箍34。另外,尿布包括弹性腰带52和扣紧元件26。应用的元件26延伸到并且接合尿布的相应相对末端,以将尿布围绕穿着者固定。
图9示出大致平展未折叠构型的图8的尿布10的复合网结构。如以下进一步说明,可随后将网结构修整、折叠、密封、熔接和/或另外操纵成完成或最终形式的一次性尿布10。为了有利于描述体现本发明的尿布10,描述参照纵向延伸轴AA、横向延伸中心轴BB、一对纵向延伸的侧边90和在侧边90之间延伸的一对端边92。沿着纵轴AA,尿布10包括第一端部区域或前腰区12、第二端部区域或后腰区14和位于其间的裆区16。各前腰区12和后腰区14的特征是位于中心身体部分20每侧上并且从侧边90横向延伸的一对耳区或耳18。扣紧结构26(例如常规带扣件)沿着尿布10的后腰区14固定到各耳18上。
当尿布10围绕腰穿着时,前腰区12贴近穿着者的前腰区,后腰区14贴近后腰区,裆区16贴在裆区周围和下部。为了将尿布10正确固定到穿着者身上,使后腰区14的耳18围绕穿着者的腰,朝向前部并与前腰区12的耳18对准。固定表面可位于前腰区12的内表面或外表面上或由前腰区12的内表面或外表面提供。或者,可使扣件26位于前腰区12的耳18上,并可固定到后腰区14的耳18上。
图10为图8和9的尿布的部件分解图。适用于本发明的尿布结构一般利用至少三层。这三层包括底片60、吸收芯46和顶片50。所述尿布结构可包括或不包括从顶片50向上布置且优选至少配备一个或多个隔开的纵向弹性构件38的一对封壁或腿箍34。以下显示,任何这些尿布元件或这些元件的组合均可利用或使用吸收复合材料195构造。另外,可增加采集层48以改善性能。
底片
如上提到,尿布10利用底片60,所述底片60覆盖芯46,优选超出芯46朝向尿布10的侧边90和端边92延伸。在本发明的一个方面,底片60由吸收复合材料195的单层材料片构造。在此结构中,织物125作为底片60的外表面布置。
另外,一个供选实施方案可用于凝胶封闭。对于使用凝胶封闭的应用,本发明一次性吸收制品的底片相对较薄,且提供改善的柔韧性。在干燥时,底片软且可透气,但在变湿时,形成给予底片实质液体不渗透性的薄凝胶封闭层(即在底片的内表面上)。凝胶封闭层通过SAP颗粒135溶胀形成。
顶片
同样,本发明的吸收复合材料195可与吸收衣服的顶片或作为吸收衣服的顶片使用。顶片50优选软、柔顺,展示优良渗透,并且减小自液体可渗透材料重新弄湿的趋势。在穿着尿布10时,顶片50紧密接近穿着者的皮肤放置。以此方式,这种顶片50允许身体排泄物快速穿透,以更快流向芯46,而不允许此排泄物通过顶片50流回。顶片50可由宽范围液体和蒸气可透过的亲水材料的任何一种构造。顶片的表面可用表面活性剂处理,以促进液体转移通过,尤其在位于芯和芯内表面上顶片的中心区域或面。顶片也可用具有预防皮疹或减少皮疹性质的物质(例如芦荟)涂覆。
在一个实施方案中,顶片50由吸收复合材料195形成,所述吸收复合材料195覆盖一次性吸收制品10的实质全部区域,包括实质全部前腰区12、后腰区14和裆区16。另外,内部区域18的耳层由相同单一顶片材料形成,因此在形成顶片材料的横向延伸部分时可被称作与顶片50为一体。或者,顶片50可由跨顶片50宽度改变的多种不同材料来形成。这种多片设计允许产生顶片优选的性质和不同区域。
吸收芯
作为以上实施方案的附加或替代,一次性吸收制品的吸收芯可由吸收复合材料195、吸收复合材料195的层压层(未显示)或SAP颗粒195和织物的多重层构造。图11和12描绘分别形成多层吸收复合材料700和900的SAP颗粒135和织物的交替层的横截面图。如这些图中所示,芯46可包括SAP颗粒135的区别层(710和910)。根据预期用途,这些层可以是均匀或不均匀的。在不均匀多层吸收复合材料900中,SAP颗粒135的浓度可在给定层内、层间或其组合中不同。
图11描绘复合结构700,其中SAP颗粒层710和织物层720交替以形成完全复合结构700。通过使吸收复合材料片一起粘结,折叠吸收复合材料单片,或在制备过程中用多层构造吸收复合材料,也可以构造分层设计。在折叠应用中,复合材料折叠可以为C形折叠、Z形折叠、V形折叠、W形折叠或其组合。此外,折叠可以是开放的、封闭的或重叠的。
图12描绘多层吸收复合材料900。如图12所示,可策略布置高浓度SAP颗粒区域910,以在特定区域(如吸收制品的裆区)提供另外的吸收能力。本领域的技术人员了解,可偏置高浓度区域,以控制液体渗透的量和方向。另外,具有高浓度区域的层可与实质均匀层的各层组合。或者,可通过布置吸收芯的多个层形成高SAP浓度区域。
本发明不同实施方案的芯可配置成实质延伸于一次性吸收制品的整个长度和/或宽度。然而,优选所述芯布置于或另外集中于制品的裆区。在不同的实施方案中,芯延伸到制品的边缘,并且SAP颗粒135集中在制品的裆区或另一个目标区域。在另一个实施方案中,颗粒可以为SAP颗粒、皮肤护理颗粒如离子交换树脂、除臭剂、抗微生物剂、粘合剂颗粒或其他有益颗粒的组合。
封壁
现在转向图13和14,在本发明的另一个方面,本发明的一次性吸收制品10使用利用吸收复合材料195的一对封壁或箍34。各封壁34为优选位于芯46的每侧且与纵向中心横向隔开的纵向延伸的壁结构。封壁34的纵向末端可例如连接到顶片50的前腰区12和后腰区14。优选封壁34的末端向内钉住(tack down),并且例如通过粘合剂结合到网结构。这种结构使封壁34有效向内偏斜,且一般被认为使封壁34显示防渗漏性能改善。
图13提供本发明尿布10的横截面图。尿布10包括底片60、吸收芯46、采集层48和顶片50。如图13所示,芯为吸收复合材料195。尿布10也包括通过折叠顶片50并围绕吸收复合材料195末端包裹而形成的一对封壁或箍34。或者,箍34中的吸收复合材料195可与所述吸收芯46不同。
优选封壁34配备沿着封壁34的实质长度延伸的弹性构件38。在一种普通应用中,在拉伸条件时弹性构件38置于封壁34内,优选置于封壁34顶部,然后至少在其末端胶粘到封壁。在释放或允许松弛时,弹性构件38向内缩回。在穿着制品10时,弹性构件38用于以影响制品10、臀部和大腿之间密封的方式使封壁34围绕使用者的臀部和大腿收缩。芯46可以为吸收复合材料195的单片或多层,如上所述。
图13描绘软且干燥时封壁34的结构。另一方面,图14描绘变湿后的封壁,其中吸收复合材料195已膨胀,使封壁34处于弹性立起位置。与现有技术中的传统腿箍不同,这种弹性立起的封壁34阻止变平(例如,在穿着者坐下时),从而保证防止渗漏,尤其是爆发性液化粪便排出和快速排尿。
任选层
本发明的一次性吸收制品可利用其他层,包括采集层或涌流层48,这种层优选位于顶片和芯之间(例如图10)。这种采集层的一个功能是使液体流铺展或分散,以便液体在芯表面上更均匀地分布。这用于使流速减缓,使液体有足够时间被芯吸收。所述采集层也用于防止芯局部饱和,同时芯的相当剩余部分不吸收任何液体。
带袢
一次性吸收制品必须固定到穿着者身上。这对尿布最为重要,因为尿布不由穿着者上拉,如训练裤或失禁短内裤,而是围绕穿着者扣紧。固定元件通过影响穿着者和腰带及腿箍之间的准密封顺应弹性构件,以使液体包容于制品内,然后吸收;换句话讲,使其不通过穿着者和制品边缘之间的缝隙渗漏。固定元件可以为粘附物、机械钩环扣件或可能的线绳,即将制品一端固定到纵向相对一端的任何物件。固定元件也可以为共粘剂使它们相互粘附而不与其他材料粘附。
在附图(参见例如图10)所示的实施方案中,制品10由永久固定到(例如直接缝入)底片60的带扣件26固定到穿着者身上。带扣件26与从底片延伸的横向相对的耳22接触,在此,它们由于施加到扣件26的粘合剂化合物保持固定。或者,制品10可以为训练裤、套穿尿布等。在此结构中,制品10可具有或不具有带扣件26。
腰带
利用弹性构件52的腰带沿着制品10的横向部分布置,以便在穿着时,腰带沿着穿着者的腰定位。通常,腰带优选对腰产生准密封(横向弹性构件52),以使液体废物不从腰部弹性件和穿着者腰之间的区域渗漏。准密封具有显著意义,因为虽然液体可能最终被填料吸收,但穿着者液体冲击可能压制填料的吸收率能力。因此,腰带在液体被吸收时容纳液体。其次,腰带可具有吸收液体能力(参见例如美国专利5,601,544,所述专利通过引用结合到本文中)。
因此,本发明非常适于达到本发明的目的,并达到以上提到的目标和优势及其中内在的其他项。尽管已描述目前优选的实施方案(以尿布形式),但可对结构的细节、制品部件或元件的布置以及方法的步骤作出许多变化。例如,可在制品的其他部件或与尿布以外的其他制品使用不同的顶片、底片、吸收芯、封壁和其他吸收复合结构。这些变化很容易被本领域的技术人员想到,并且包含在本发明的精神和附加权利要求的范围内。
虽然已详细描述了本发明及其优点,但应了解,可在不脱离附加权利要求限定的本发明下作出各种变化、替代和变动。另外,本申请的范围旨在不限于本说明书中所述过程、机械、制备、材料的组成、手段、方法和步骤的特定实施方案。很容易从本公开理解,可利用目前现有或以后开发的过程、机械、制备、材料的组成、手段、方法或步骤实现与本文所述的相应实施方案实质相同功能或取得实质相同结果。因此,附加权利要求旨在在其范围内包括这些过程、机械、制备、材料的组成、手段、方法或步骤。

Claims (65)

1.一种制备用于一次性吸收制品的吸收复合材料的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
布置第一织物以接收颗粒;
在所述第一织物上沉积颗粒;
将粘合剂施加到第二织物;
相对于所述第一织物布置所述第二织物;和
形成在所述第一织物和第二织物之间延伸的粘结部位,以形成多个颗粒的袋,藉此每个袋由围绕颗粒且将所述第二织物固定至所述第一织物的间断粘结点限定,藉此所述粘合剂和所述袋阻止颗粒在所述吸收复合材料和所述一次性吸收制品的制造期间的迁移;
所述吸收复合材料不含吸收基质。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中所述颗粒由SAP颗粒组成。
3.权利要求2的方法,所述方法进一步包括使第一织物适形于表面的步骤。
4.权利要求3的方法,其中所述表面具有在所述第一织物适形于表面时在所述第一织物中形成袋的凹陷区域。
5.权利要求4的方法,所述方法进一步包括引导SAP颗粒进入所述袋的步骤。
6.权利要求3的方法,其中用抽吸使所述第一织物适形于所述表面。
7.权利要求2的方法,其中所述粘合剂用足以固定有效量干燥颗粒的浓度施加到第二织物。
8.权利要求7的方法,其中所述粘合剂的浓度为1克/平方米至100克/平方米。
9.权利要求7的方法,其中所述粘合剂的浓度为5克/平方米至75克/平方米。
10.权利要求7的方法,其中所述粘合剂的浓度为12克/平方米至50克/平方米。
11.权利要求2的方法,所述方法进一步包括在所述第一织物上沉积颗粒之前将粘合剂施加到所述第一织物的步骤。
12.权利要求11的方法,其中所述粘合剂接合的颗粒的总量为1克/平方米至100克/平方米。
13.权利要求2的方法,其中所述粘合剂为热塑性材料。
14.权利要求13的方法,其中所述粘结点限定包含颗粒的袋。
15.权利要求2的方法,其中所述粘结部位相对于颗粒布置。
16.权利要求2的方法,其中所述粘结部位被布置成防止直线颗粒迁移大于2英寸。
17.权利要求2的方法,所述方法进一步包括用疏水物质涂覆颗粒的步骤。
18.权利要求1的方法,其中所述颗粒选自SAP颗粒、皮肤护理颗粒、气味吸收颗粒、粘合剂颗粒、离子交换颗粒及其组合。
19.一种制备用于一次性吸收制品的吸收复合材料的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
布置第一织物,以接收颗粒:
在第一织物上布置颗粒;
使颗粒相对于所述第一织物固定;
在颗粒上布置第二织物;和
形成使所述第一织物接合到所述第二织物的粘结部位,以形成多个围绕颗粒的袋,藉此每个袋由围绕颗粒的间断粘结部位限定,以阻止颗粒在所述吸收复合材料和所述一次性吸收制品的制造期间的迁移;
所述吸收复合材料不含吸收基质。
20.权利要求19的方法,其中所述粘结部位为隔开以阻止颗粒迁移的离散的点。
21.权利要求19的方法,其中所述粘结部位为隔开以阻止颗粒迁移的粘结线。
22.权利要求21的方法,其中所述颗粒用热塑性材料固定。
23.权利要求21的方法,其中所述粘结线限定袋,并且其中至少一些颗粒位于所述袋内。
24.权利要求19的方法,所述方法进一步包括在所述第一织物中形成用于接收颗粒的形状的步骤。
25.权利要求19的方法,其中所述颗粒选自SAP颗粒、皮肤护理颗粒、气味吸收颗粒、粘合剂颗粒、离子交换颗粒及其组合。
26.权利要求19的方法,其中所述颗粒用粘合剂、热塑性材料或其组合固定到第一织物。
27.权利要求19的方法,其中所述颗粒用粘合剂、热塑性材料或其组合固定到第二织物。
28.权利要求19的方法,所述方法进一步包括将粘合剂施加到第一织物和第二织物的步骤。
29.一种一次性吸收制品,所述一次性吸收制品包括:
顶片;
底片;和
置于其间的吸收芯,其中所述底片、顶片和吸收芯之一的至少一部分为吸收复合材料,所述吸收复合材料包括
第一织物;
粘结到所述第一织物的第二织物;和
在所述第一织物和第二织物之间粘着的颗粒,其中形成多个围绕所述颗粒的袋,并且其中所述袋由围绕所述颗粒的间断粘结部位限定,以阻止颗粒在所述吸收复合材料和所述一次性吸收制品的制造期间的迁移;
所述吸收复合材料不含吸收基质。
30.权利要求29的制品,其中所述颗粒选自SAP颗粒、皮肤护理颗粒、气味吸收颗粒、粘合剂颗粒、离子交换颗粒及其组合。
31.权利要求30的制品,所述制品进一步包括与所述芯横向隔开的一对纵向延伸的直立箍,所述箍各自包括所述顶片的折叠部分和固定在所述折叠部分内的纵向延伸的吸收复合材料,所述纵向延伸的吸收复合材料包括
第一箍织物;
粘结到所述第一箍织物的第二箍织物;和
在所述第一织物和第二织物之间粘着的颗粒。
32.权利要求31的制品,其中所述芯和所述纵向延伸的吸收复合材料为一个连续吸收复合材料的部分。
33.权利要求30的制品,其中所述顶片包括所述吸收复合材料的所述第一织物。
34.权利要求30的吸收制品,其中所述吸收芯包含所述吸收复合材料。
35.权利要求34的吸收制品,其中所述芯的所述吸收复合材料进一步包括
在所述第二织物上布置的颗粒;和
粘结到所述第二织物的第三织物。
36.权利要求34的吸收制品,其中所述芯的所述吸收复合材料进一步包括
邻近所述第二织物布置的第三织物;
粘结到所述第三织物的第四织物;和
在所述第三织物和第四织物之间粘着的颗粒。
37.权利要求36的吸收制品,其中所述第二织物和第三织物为一体式。
38.权利要求30的吸收制品,其中所述底片和芯包括所述吸收复合材料。
39.权利要求30的吸收制品,所述吸收制品进一步包括相对于所述吸收芯布置的采集层。
40.权利要求30的吸收制品,其中所述顶片包括所述第一织物。
41.一种一次性吸收制品,所述一次性吸收制品包括:
顶片;
底片;
吸收复合材料,所述吸收复合材料包括:
第一织物;
粘结到所述第一织物的第二织物;和
在所述第一织物和第二织物之间粘着的颗粒吸收层,其中所述吸收层置于顶片和底片之间,并且居中位于被称为裆区的位置,所述吸收层提供用于吸收在所述裆区内接收的身体渗出物的吸收芯,其中形成多个围绕所述颗粒的袋,并且其中所述袋由围绕所述颗粒的间断粘结部位限定,以阻止颗粒在所述吸收复合材料和所述一次性吸收制品的制造期间的迁移;
所述吸收复合材料不含吸收基质。
42.权利要求41的制品,所述制品进一步包括与所述吸收芯横向隔开的一对纵向延伸的直立箍,所述箍分别包括所述顶片的折叠部分和固定在所述折叠部分内的纵向延伸的吸收复合材料,所述纵向延伸的吸收复合材料包括
第一箍织物;
粘结到所述第一箍织物的第二箍织物;和
在所述第一箍织物和第二箍织物之间粘着的颗粒吸收层。
43.权利要求42的制品,其中位于所述裆区的所述吸收复合材料和所述箍的所述纵向延伸的吸收复合材料为围绕裆区布置的一个连续吸收复合结构的部分。
44.权利要求42的制品,其中所述吸收层载于所述底片上,使得所述底片的一部分提供所述吸收复合材料的所述第二织物。
45.权利要求41的吸收制品,其中所述底片包括第一底片层、第二底片层和位于其间的约20gsm浓度的SAP颗粒,并且所述第二底片层为具有10gsm至60gsm基重的SMS。
46.权利要求41的吸收制品,其中所述吸收层粘着到所述第一织物和第二织物之间,并且粘合剂浓度为1克/平方米至100克/平方米。
47.权利要求41的吸收制品,其中所述第一织物在离散的点粘结到所述第二织物。
48.权利要求41的吸收制品,其中所述间断粘结部位限定袋。
49.权利要求41的吸收制品,其中所述第一织物沿着多条粘结线粘结到所述第二织物。
50.权利要求49的吸收制品,其中所述粘结线限定袋。
51.一种一次性吸收制品,所述一次性吸收制品包括:
顶片;
底片;和
布置于所述顶片和所述底片之间的吸收芯,所述吸收芯包括:
第一织物;
第二织物;
粘结部位,在粘结部位所述第一织物连接到所述第二织物上;和
在所述第一织物和第二织物之间粘着的颗粒吸收层;
其中所述吸收层载于顶片的部分下面,使得所述顶片的部分提供所述吸收芯的所述第二织物,其中形成多个围绕所述颗粒的袋,并且其中所述袋由围绕所述颗粒的间断粘结部位限定,以阻止颗粒在所述吸收芯和所述一次性吸收制品的制造期间的迁移;
其中所述吸收层载于底片的部分上面,使得所述底片部分提供所述吸收芯的所述第一织物;
所述芯不含吸收基质。
52.权利要求51的制品,其中所述颗粒包括SAP颗粒。
53.权利要求52的一次性吸收制品,其中所述吸收层的所述SAP颗粒的浓度为50克/平方米至650克/平方米。
54.权利要求52的一次性吸收制品,所述一次性吸收制品进一步在所述吸收层的SAP颗粒上包括疏水物质涂层,所述涂层适于阻止所述吸收层中SAP颗粒初始接收液体。
55.权利要求52的一次性吸收制品,其中所述粘结部位限定多条阻止所述吸收层的SAP颗粒移动的间断线。
56.权利要求55的一次性吸收制品,其中所述间断线经成形以在所述第一织物和第二织物之间形成袋。
57.一种吸收复合材料,所述吸收复合材料包括:
第一织物;
粘结到所述第一织物的第二织物;和
在第一织物和第二织物之间固定的有效浓度颗粒,其中形成多个围绕所述颗粒的袋,并且其中所述袋由围绕所述颗粒的间断粘结点限定,以阻止颗粒在所述吸收复合材料的制造期间的迁移;
所述吸收复合材料不含吸收基质。
58.权利要求57的吸收复合材料,其中所述有效浓度颗粒用粘合剂、热塑性材料或其组合固定。
59.权利要求57的吸收复合材料,其中所述第一织物用热粘结或超声粘结粘结到所述第二织物。
60.权利要求58的吸收复合材料,其中所述有效浓度颗粒用粘合剂固定到第一织物。
61.权利要求59的吸收复合材料,其中粘合剂施加到第一织物和第二织物上以粘结所述第一织物和第二织物。
62.权利要求60的吸收复合材料,其中所述粘合剂以1克/平方米至100克/平方米的浓度施加。
63.权利要求61的吸收复合材料,其中所述间断粘结点沿着颗粒的袋的周边布置。
64.权利要求57的吸收复合材料,其中所述间断粘结点形成选自人字形、垒砖形、圆形、三角形、点、虚线、矩形及其组合的图形。
65.权利要求57的吸收复合材料,其中所述吸收复合材料进一步包括布置于所述第一织物和第二织物之间的松散颗粒。
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