CN101384523B - 具有改进的尿素酶抑制效果的制剂以及包含它们的含尿素肥料 - Google Patents
具有改进的尿素酶抑制效果的制剂以及包含它们的含尿素肥料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101384523B CN101384523B CN2007800054226A CN200780005422A CN101384523B CN 101384523 B CN101384523 B CN 101384523B CN 2007800054226 A CN2007800054226 A CN 2007800054226A CN 200780005422 A CN200780005422 A CN 200780005422A CN 101384523 B CN101384523 B CN 101384523B
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- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 108010046334 Urease Proteins 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 title abstract 2
- DMSZORWOGDLWGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ctk1a3526 Chemical class NP(N)(N)=O DMSZORWOGDLWGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- -1 sulfo- Chemical class 0.000 claims description 43
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- JLYVRXJEQTZZBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N ctk1c6083 Chemical compound NP(N)(N)=S JLYVRXJEQTZZBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005864 Sulphur Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010413 gardening Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PXXXGLGWMDDQQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-diaminophosphinothioyl-2-methylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CC(C)CNP(N)(N)=S PXXXGLGWMDDQQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WOPHQTWCQNDMGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-diaminophosphinothioylcyclohexanamine Chemical compound NP(N)(=S)NC1CCCCC1 WOPHQTWCQNDMGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NVCWDNWWNILDHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-diaminophosphoryl-2-methylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CC(C)CNP(N)(N)=O NVCWDNWWNILDHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KMZNLGQARIPHIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-diaminophosphorylcyclohexanamine Chemical compound NP(N)(=O)NC1CCCCC1 KMZNLGQARIPHIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical class [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003898 horticulture Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000000446 sulfanediyl group Chemical group *S* 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 52
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 31
- 239000002601 urease inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229940090496 Urease inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 20
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- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 6
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- WQYSXVGEZYESBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophosphoryl chloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)=S WQYSXVGEZYESBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 3
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- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
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- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNZYKNKBJPZETN-WELNAUFTSA-N Dialdehyde 11678 Chemical compound N1C2=CC=CC=C2C2=C1[C@H](C[C@H](/C(=C/O)C(=O)OC)[C@@H](C=C)C=O)NCC2 ZNZYKNKBJPZETN-WELNAUFTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000877 Sex Attractant Substances 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003868 ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BNWPUUZJGBXAFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane oxalonitrile Chemical compound N.N#CC#N BNWPUUZJGBXAFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001877 deodorizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004473 dialkylaminocarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- MPOFVZMCKSOGHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-diaminophosphinothioylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCNP(N)(N)=S MPOFVZMCKSOGHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002971 oxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004193 piperazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004476 plant protection product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001866 silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001973 tert-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S71/00—Chemistry: fertilizers
- Y10S71/902—Nitrification inhibition
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及包含至少两种不同(硫代)磷酰三胺的具有改进的尿素酶抑制效果的制剂以及包含这些制剂的含尿素肥料。本发明还涉及一种制备这些制剂的方法,这些制剂在施用含尿素肥料中的用途,以及包含这些制剂的含尿素肥料在农业或在园艺中的用途。
Description
本发明涉及包含至少两种不同(硫代)磷酰三胺的具有改进的尿素酶抑制效果的制剂以及包含这些制剂的含尿素肥料。本发明还涉及一种制备这些制剂的方法,这些制剂在用含尿素肥料施肥中的用途,以及包含这些制剂的含尿素肥料在农业或在园艺中的用途。
用于施肥目的的绝大部分氮普遍是以尿素或含尿素肥料的形式使用,并且其使用在不断增加。但是,尿素自身是几乎不能被摄取或完全不被摄取的氮形式,因为它在土壤中被遍在酶(ubiquitar enzyme)尿素酶相当快地水解掉,而释放出氨和二氧化碳(Mobley,H.L.T.,Island,M.D.,Hausinger,R.P.(1995)Molecular biology of microbial ureases,Microbiol.Rev.59,452-480)。在这个过程中,气态氨可能释放到大气中,于是不再在土壤中为植物所利用,由此降低施肥的效力。
已知的是,通过与能够减弱或抑制尿素的酶催裂解的物质同时施用含尿素肥料,可改进当使用含尿素肥料时的氮利用(Kiss,S.,Simihǎian,M.(2002)Improving Efficiency of Urea Fertilizers by Inhibition of Soil UreaseActivity,ISBN 1-4020-0493-1,Kluwer Academic Publishers,Dordrecht,荷兰)。已知的最有效的尿素酶抑制剂包括N-烷基硫代磷酰三胺和N-烷基磷酰三胺,它们例如在EP 0119487中有描述。到目前为止,这些尿素酶抑制剂的大规模使用还受限于相当高的生产成本,和/或受限于这样的事实:所需的施用率过高。
本发明的目的是改进在用尿素或含尿素肥料施肥中采用尿素酶抑制剂时的氮利用。本发明的另一目的是减少尿素酶抑制剂的所需施用率。
令人惊讶的是,现在已发现,与施用相同量的单一(硫代)磷酰三胺时的情况相比,使用包含至少两种不同(硫代)磷酰三胺的制剂使得在施用尿素或含尿素肥料之后气态氨损失更大程度上受限。因此该目的通过具有改进的尿素酶抑制效果的制剂得以实现,该制剂包含至少两种不同的(硫代)磷酰三胺。
因此本发明涉及包含至少两种不同的(硫代)磷酰三胺的制剂,所述(硫代)磷酰三胺具有以下通式(I)的结构
R1R2N-P(X)(NH2)2 (I)
其中
X为氧或硫,
R1为C1-C10烷基、C3-C10环烷基、C6-C10芳基或二烷基氨基羰基,以及
R2为氢,或
R1和R2与连接它们的氮原子合起来形成饱和或不饱和5或6元杂环基团,该杂环基团可任选地还包含1或2个另外的选自氮、氧和硫的杂原子,这些(硫代)磷酰三胺在基团R1或R2的至少一个中有区别。
烷基的实例为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、戊基、异戊基、新戊基、叔戊基、己基、2-甲基戊基、庚基、辛基、2-乙基己基、异辛基、壬基、异壬基、癸基和异癸基。环烷基的实例是环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基和环辛基,芳基的实例为苯基或萘基。杂环基团R1R2N-的实例为哌嗪基、吗啉基、吡咯基、吡唑基、三唑基、噁唑基、噻唑基或咪唑基。
这类化合物例如在EP 0119487、WO 00/58317和EP 1183220中已知为尿素酶抑制剂。
尤其优选的是N-烷基硫代磷酰三胺(其中X=S且R2=H)和N-烷基磷酰三胺(其中X=O且R2=H)。
这类尿素酶抑制剂的制备可例如由硫代磷酰氯、伯胺或肿胺以及氨开始通过已知方法实现,例如US 5,770,771中所描述的那样。在第一步中,使硫代磷酰氯与1当量的伯胺或肿胺在碱存在下反应,随后使产物与过量的氨反应,得到终产物。
本发明的制剂包含通式(I)的至少两种不同的衍生物,该衍生物在基团R1或R2的至少一个中必须是不同的。例如,本发明的制剂包含活性物质N-正丁基硫代磷酰三胺(NBTPT)和N-正丙基硫代磷酰三胺(NPTPT)。基于制剂中活性物质的总量,每种活性物质占至少0.01重量%且至多99.99重量%的量。优选地,每种活性物质分别占20至40重量%或占60至80重量%。
优选的制剂为包含N-正丁基硫代磷酰三胺(NBTPT)作为活性物质之一的那些。至少一种其它的活性物质优选是选自由N-环己基磷酰三胺、N-戊基磷酰三胺、N-异丁基磷酰三胺、N-丙基磷酰三胺、N-环己基硫代磷酰三胺、N-戊基硫代磷酰三胺、N-异丁基硫代磷酰三胺和N-丙基硫代磷酰三胺组成的组中的衍生物。尤其优选的是包含40-95重量%的NBTPT的那些制剂,极优选包含60至80重量%的NBTPT的那些制剂,每种情况下都是基于活性物质的总量。
已知的是,硫代磷酰三胺相对容易地水解而产生相应的磷酰三胺。由于水分通常不能完全除去,所以硫代磷酰三胺和对应的磷酰三胺通常作为相互的混合物而存在。因此在本文中,术语“(硫代)磷酰三胺”不仅指纯的硫代磷酰三胺或磷酰三胺,还指它们的混合物。
本发明的制剂可由纯的活性物质混合物组成或以液体或固体配制剂的形式存在。除了活性物质混合物以外,液体配制剂可额外包含约1重量%至约80重量%的溶剂,例如水、醇、二醇或胺,或它们的混合物。(硫代)磷酰三胺的适合的液体配制剂的实例可在WO 97/22568中找到,该文献以其全部引入本申请中作为参考。除了活性物质混合物以外,固体配制剂可以额外包含约1至约95重量%量的添加剂,例如填料、粘结剂或制粒助剂,例如石灰、石膏、二氧化硅或高岭石。除了活性物质混合物外,本发明的制剂还可同时包含溶剂或溶剂混合物以及添加剂,并且可以悬浮体的形式存在。
包含至少两种不同(硫代)磷酰三胺的本发明制剂可例如通过将两种或更多种分开合成的各活性物质混合而制备。另一种可能方式是:在上述合成的第一步中采用至少两种伯胺和/或仲胺的混合物,使得在第二步中与氨反应之后所获得的产物直接为至少两种(硫代)磷酰三胺的混合物。本发明因此还涉及一种制备具有改进的尿素酶抑制效果的制剂的方法,该方法或者是通过将至少两种分开合成的(硫代)磷酰三胺混合来进行的,或者是通过使硫代磷酰氯与至少两种不同伯胺和/或肿胺的混合物反应并随后与氨反应由此直接获得具有本发明组成的产物来进行的。因此,例如两种伯胺如正丁基胺和正丙基胺的混合物与硫代磷酰氯反应并随后与氨反应使得能直接获得NBTPT和NPTPT的混合物。两种产物的最终定量比值通常对应于所采用的胺的定量比值,前提是:这两种胺的反应速率相当。
本发明还涉及含尿素肥料,其包含含有具有通式(I)结构的至少两种不同(硫代)磷酰三胺的本发明制剂。
首要地,含尿素肥料应理解为指尿素自身。在市售肥料质量方面,尿素具有至少90%的纯度,并且可例如为结晶的、颗粒状的、压实的、小珠状或粉碎形式。此外,还应包括尿素与一种或多种其它的氮肥的混合物,这些氮肥例如为硫酸铵、硝酸铵、氯化铵、氰氨、二氰胺或硝酸钙以及缓释肥料,例如尿素/甲醛、尿素/乙醛或尿素/乙二醛缩合物。还包括含尿素的复合营养肥料,该肥料除了氮外还包含至少一种其它的营养素,例如磷、钾、镁、钙或硫。此外,也可存在微量元素硼、铁、铜、锌、锰或钼。这种含尿素的复合营养肥料同样可为颗粒状、压实的、小珠状或粉碎形式或者为晶体混合物形式。还包括液体含尿素肥料,例如硝酸铵/尿素溶液,或者其它的厩肥(1iquid manure)。该含尿素肥料还可包含0.01-20重量%的一种或多种其它活性物质,例如硝酸化抑制剂、除草剂、杀真菌剂、杀虫剂、生长调节剂、激素、信息素或其它的植物保护剂或土壤助剂。
本发明的肥料可通过将至少两种不同的(硫代)磷酰三胺单独与含尿素肥料混合而获得,或通过将呈液体或固体形式的包含至少两种不同(硫代)磷酰三胺的制剂与含尿素肥料混合而获得,或者通过将至少两种不同的(硫代)磷酰三胺或者呈液体或固体形式的包含至少两种不同(硫代)磷酰三胺的制剂添加到适合的肥料混合物或浆状物或熔融物中将前者粒化(granulation)、压实或造珠粒(prilling)进后者中而获得。另外,该至少两种不同的(硫代)磷酰三胺或包含至少两种不同(硫代)磷酰三胺的制剂也可施用于含尿素肥料的成品颗粒、压实物或珠粒的表面,例如通过喷雾、撒粉或浸渍。这还可采用其它助剂如粘合剂或涂料来完成。适合的实施这种施用的装置例如为板、鼓、混合器或流化床装置;但是,这种施用也可在传送带或它们的卸料点或借助于气动固体输送机进行。
存在于本发明肥料中的(硫代)磷酰三胺的总量通常为0.001-0.5重量%,优选0.01-0.3重量%,尤其优选0.02-0.2重量%,每种情况都是基于存在的尿素。
本发明还涉及这些包含至少两种不同(硫代)磷酰三胺的制剂在用含尿素肥料施肥中的用途。这种用途不仅可通过使用上述包含至少两种不同(硫代)磷酰三胺的含尿素肥料来完成,还可通过在使用适合的含尿素肥料之前或之后在农业或园艺区域上单独施用本发明的制剂来完成。此外,本发明的制剂也可用作厩肥的添加剂或者用于处理例如动物舍或围栏,例如出于除臭目的。
本发明还涉及含尿素肥料在农业或园艺中的用途,该含尿素肥料包含含有具有通式(I)结构的至少两种不同(硫代)磷酰三胺的制剂。
下文的实施例旨在更详细地阐述本发明。
实施例
基于Fenn&Kissel的方法((1973)“在石灰性土壤上表面施用铵化合物的氨挥发”,Soil Sci.Soc.Am.J.37,855-859),测试了(硫代)磷酰三胺单一地和联合地在限制氨从尿素或含尿素肥料中挥发的效果的效力。采用了三种不同的在施用尿素之后氨挥发特别显著的土壤。这些土壤的特点在于:>6.5的较高pH值和/或低的碱缓冲。由于初生氨与氢氧化铵形成平衡,低的碱缓冲导致尿素颗粒周围的土壤溶液的pH升高,这种现象继而使 之间的平衡朝气态氨的方向发生移动。将每个孵育容器中的200g干燥土壤用5.4ml的充分软化的水润湿,并以颗粒形式施用1.087g的尿素(对应于500mg的尿素-N)。如果测试含尿素的溶液,则将200g的土壤用包含1.630g尿素(对应于750mg的尿素-N)的含尿素的水溶液润湿,该水溶液含有或不含有尿素酶抑制剂,或含有尿素酶抑制剂的组合。采用移液管将溶液滴加在整个土壤表面上。基于尿素,作为单一物质或以不同比例的组合,(硫代)磷酰三胺的量总是统一为0.125%(w/w)。在受控的环境箱中于20℃(18-22℃)进行孵育。采用连续流动分析仪(来自Bran+Luebbe),将收集在酸阱中的氨作为铵定量测定,该测定以技术人员熟悉的方法进行。
土壤特征:
结果:
表1-4显示:在不添加以及单一和组合(每种情况都使用NBTPT)添加(硫代)磷酰三胺情况下在颗粒尿素孵育10天后的NH3损失。可看出:当20-40重量份的NBTPT为NcHTPT、NPenTPT、NiBTPT或NPTPT所代替时,NBTPT的活性得到显著改进。
表4、9和10显示了用活性物质组合NBTPT和NPTPT对三种不同土壤进行类似研究的结果。可在所有三种土壤上看到本发明组合的改进活性。
表5-8代表用尿素溶液进行的类似研究的结果。可看出:不使用尿素酶抑制剂时,其氨损失水平低于颗粒尿素的情况,并且取决于测试序列,该氨损失水平对应于以尿素形式施肥的氮量的约11-28%,而对于颗粒尿素的情况,它们总计高达约39%。这可以解释为:尿素溶液渗透进土壤中,在那里带负电荷的土壤颗粒从平衡中除去更多的铵离子。另一决定氨损失程度的因素为空气流动。同样,土壤内的损失比土壤表面的少。
同样地,在这里可看到(硫代)磷酰三胺之间的活性模式,以及当甚至20-40重量%的NBTPT为NPenTPT、NiBTPT或NPTPT所替代时限制氨从溶液损失的特定效率。
表11和12显示了用非本发明的活性物质组合,即NBTPT与N,N-二正丁基硫代磷酰三胺的组合(表11)或NBTPT与N,N-二异丁基硫代磷酰三胺(表12)的组合进行的对比实验的结果。这些混合物没有产生改进的活性。
表1:
在不添加和添加尿素酶抑制剂NBTPT和N-环己基硫代磷酰三胺(NcHTPT)以及它们的组合的情况下,在Limburgerhof土壤上将颗粒尿素孵育10天之后的氮挥发。
相对重量比NBTPT | 相对重量比NcHTPT | 基于施肥的N量的%N损失 | 相对于没有混合配对物的NBTPT的%N损失 | 相对于没有混合配对物的NcHTPT的%N损失 |
0 | 0 | 39.40 | - | - |
100 | 0 | 1.54 | 100 | 56 |
80 | 20 | 1.01 | 66 | 36 |
70 | 30 | 1.04 | 67 | 38 |
60 | 40 | 1.06 | 69 | 38 |
0 | 100 | 2.77 | 180 | 100 |
表2:
在不添加和添加尿素酶抑制剂NBTPT和N-戊基硫代磷酰三胺(NPenTPT)以及它们的组合的情况下,在Limburgerhof土壤上将颗粒尿素孵育10天之后的氮挥发。
相对重量比NBTPT | 相对重量比NPenTPT | 基于施肥的N量的%N损失 | 相对于没有混合配对物的NBTPT的%N损失 | 相对于没有混合配对物的NPenTPT的%N损失 |
0 | 0 | 39.40 | - | - |
100 | 0 | 1.54 | 100 | 63 |
80 | 20 | 1.04 | 68 | 42 |
70 | 30 | 0.80 | 52 | 33 |
60 | 40 | 1.04 | 68 | 42 |
0 | 100 | 2.46 | 130 | 100 |
表3:
在不添加和添加尿素酶抑制剂NBTPT和N-异丁基硫代磷酰三胺(NiBTPT)以及它们的组合的情况下,在Limburgerhof土壤上将颗粒尿素孵育10天之后的氮挥发。
相对重量比NBTPT | 相对重量比NiBTPT | 基于施肥的N量的%N损失 | 相对于没有混合配对物的NBTPT的%N损失 | 相对于没有混合配对物的NiBTPT的%N损失 |
0 | 0 | 39.40 | - | - |
100 | 0 | 1.54 | 100 | 92 |
80 | 20 | 1.28 | 83 | 76 |
70 | 30 | 1.08 | 70 | 64 |
60 | 40 | 1.50 | 97 | 89 |
0 | 100 | 1.68 | 109 | 100 |
表4:
在不添加和添加尿素酶抑制剂NBTPT和N-丙基硫代磷酰三胺(NPTPT)以及它们的组合的情况下,在Limburgerhof土壤上将颗粒尿素孵育10天之后的氮挥发。
相对重量比NBTPT | 相对重量比NPTPT | 基于施肥的N量的%N损失 | 相对于没有混合配对物的NBTPT的%N损失 | 相对于没有混合配对物的NPTPT的%N损失 |
0 | 0 | 39.40 | - | - |
100 | 0 | 1.54 | 100 | 96 |
80 | 20 | 0.97 | 63 | 61 |
70 | 30 | 0.96 | 62 | 60 |
60 | 40 | 0.95 | 62 | 59 |
0 | 100 | 1.60 | 104 | 100 |
表5:
在不添加和添加尿素酶抑制剂NBTPT和NcHTPT以及它们的组合的情况下,在Limburgerhof土壤上将30%浓度尿素溶液孵育10天后的氮挥发。
相对重量比NBTPT | 相对重量比NcHTPT | 基于施肥的N量的%N损失 | 相对于没有混合配对物的NBTPT的%N损失 | 相对于没有混合配对物的NcHTPT的%N损失 |
0 | 0 | 28.2 | - | - |
100 | 0 | 0.69 | 100 | 62 |
80 | 20 | 0.60 | 87 | 54 |
70 | 30 | 0.59 | 85 | 53 |
60 | 40 | 0.60 | 87 | 54 |
0 | 100 | 1.11 | 160 | 100 |
表6:
在不添加和添加尿素酶抑制剂NBTPT和NPenTPT以及它们的组合的情况下,在Limburgerhof土壤上将30%浓度尿素溶液孵育10天后的氮挥发。
相对重量比NBTPT | 相对重量比NPenTPT | 基于施肥的N量的%N损失 | 相对于没有混合配对物的NBTPT的%N损失 | 相对于没有混合配对物的NPenTPT的%N损失 |
0 | 0 | 28.12 | - | - |
100 | 0 | 0.71 | 100 | 63 |
80 | 20 | 0.55 | 77 | 49 |
70 | 30 | 0.61 | 86 | 54 |
60 | 40 | 0.58 | 82 | 52 |
0 | 100 | 1.12 | 158 | 100 |
表7:
在不添加和添加尿素酶抑制剂NBTPT和NiBTPT以及它们的组合的情况下,在Limburgerhof土壤上将30%浓度尿素溶液孵育10天后的氮挥发。
相对重量比NBTPT | 相对重量比NiBTPT | 基于施肥的N量的%N损失 | 相对于没有混合配对物的NBTPT的%N损失 | 相对于没有混合配对物的NiBTPT的%N损失 |
0 | 0 | 10.65 | - | - |
100 | 0 | 0.33 | 100 | 61 |
80 | 20 | 0.25 | 76 | 46 |
70 | 30 | 0.25 | 76 | 46 |
60 | 40 | 0.29 | 88 | 54 |
0 | 100 | 0.54 | 164 | 100 |
表8:
在不添加和添加尿素酶抑制剂NBTPT和NPTPT以及它们的组合的情况下,在Limburgerhof土壤上将30%浓度尿素溶液孵育10天后的氮挥发。
相对重量比NBTPT | 相对重量比NPTPT | 基于施肥的N量的%N损失 | 相对于没有混合配对物的NBTPT的%N损失 | 相对于没有混合配对物的NPTPT的%N损失 |
0 | 0 | 10.65 | - | - |
100 | 0 | 0.33 | 100 | 79 |
80 | 20 | 0.24 | 73 | 57 |
70 | 30 | 0.23 | 70 | 55 |
60 | 40 | 0.30 | 91 | 71 |
0 | 100 | 0.42 | 127 | 100 |
表9:
在不添加和添加尿素酶抑制剂NBTPT和NPTPT以及它们的组合的情况下,在Hanover土壤上将颗粒尿素孵育10天之后的氮挥发。
相对重量比NBTPT | 相对重量比NPTPT | 基于施肥的N量的%N损失 | 相对于没有混合配对物的NBTPT的%N损失 | 相对于没有混合配对物的NPTPT的%N损失 |
0 | 0 | 46.44 | - | - |
100 | 0 | 1.32 | 100 | 63 |
80 | 20 | 0.89 | 67 | 43 |
70 | 30 | 0.83 | 63 | 40 |
60 | 40 | 1.05 | 80 | 50 |
0 | 100 | 2.08 | 158 | 100 |
表10:
在不添加和添加尿素酶抑制剂NBTPT和NPTPT以及它们的组合的情况下,在France土壤上将颗粒尿素孵育10天之后的氮挥发。
相对重量比NBTPT | 相对重量比NPTPT | 基于施肥的N量的%N损失 | 相对于没有混合配对物的NBTPT的%N损失 | 相对于没有混合配对物的NPTPT的%N损失 |
0 | 0 | 48.43 | - | - |
100 | 0 | 1.30 | 100 | 83 |
80 | 20 | 0.73 | 56 | 46 |
70 | 30 | 1.01 | 78 | 64 |
60 | 40 | 1.18 | 91 | 75 |
0 | 100 | 1.57 | 121 | 100 |
表11:
在不添加和添加尿素酶抑制剂NBTPT和N,N-二正丁基硫代磷酰三胺(NNDBTPT)以及它们的组合的情况下,在Limburgerhof土壤上将30%浓度尿素溶液孵育10天后的氮挥发。
相对重量比NBTPT | 相对重量比NNDBTPT | 基于施肥的N量的%N损失 | 相对于没有混合配对物的NBTPT的%N损失 | 相对于没有混合配对物的NNDBTPT的%N损失 |
0 | 0 | 23.10 | - | - |
100 | 0 | 1.90 | 100 | 10 |
80 | 20 | 2.07 | 109 | 11 |
70 | 30 | 2.55 | 134 | 13 |
60 | 40 | 2.65 | 139 | 14 |
0 | 100 | 19.24 | 1013 | 100 |
表12:
在不添加和添加尿素酶抑制剂NBTPT和N,N-二异丁基硫代磷酰三胺(NNDiBTPT)以及它们的组合的情况下,在Limburgerhof土壤上将30%浓度尿素溶液孵育10天后的氮挥发。
相对重量比NBTPT | 相对重量比NNDiBTPT | 基于施肥的N量的%N损失 | 相对于没有混合配对物的NBTPT的%N损失 | 相对于没有混合配对物的NNDiBTPT的%N损失 |
0 | 0 | 23.10 | - | - |
100 | 0 | 1.90 | 100 | 9 |
80 | 20 | 1.95 | 103 | 9 |
70 | 30 | 2.33 | 123 | 11 |
60 | 40 | 2.62 | 138 | 12 |
0 | 100 | 21.83 | 1149 | 100 |
Claims (10)
1.包含至少两种不同的(硫代)磷酰三胺的制剂,所述(硫代)磷酰三胺具有以下通式(I)的结构
R1R2N-P(X)(NH2)2 (I)
其中
X为氧或硫,
R1为C1-C10烷基或C3-C10环烷基,以及
R2为氢,
这些(硫代)磷酰三胺在基团R1中有区别。
2.如权利要求1所述的制剂,其中所述(硫代)磷酰三胺之一是N-烷基(硫代)磷酰三胺和/或N-烷基磷酰三胺。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的制剂,其中所述(硫代)磷酰三胺之一是N-正丁基硫代磷酰三胺。
4.如权利要求3所述的制剂,其除了包含N-正丁基硫代磷酰三胺之外,还包含至少一种选自由N-环己基磷酰三胺、N-戊基磷酰三胺、N-异丁基磷酰三胺、N-丙基磷酰三胺、N-环己基硫代磷酰三胺、N-戊基硫代磷酰三胺、N-异丁基硫代磷酰三胺和N-丙基硫代磷酰三胺组成的组中的衍生物。
5.如权利要求4所述的制剂,其中基于存在于该制剂中的所有(硫代)磷酰三胺的总重量,N-正丁基硫代磷酰三胺的含量为40-95重量%。
6.一种制备如权利要求1所述的制剂的方法,其中使硫代磷酰氯与至少两种不同的伯胺和/或仲胺的混合物反应并随后与氨反应。
7.如权利要求1所述的制剂在用含尿素肥料施肥中的用途。
8.包含如权利要求1所述的制剂的含尿素肥料。
9.如权利要求8所述的含尿素肥料,其中基于存在的尿素,(硫代)磷酰三胺的总含量为0.001-0.5重量%。
10.如权利要求8所述的含尿素肥料在农业或园艺中的用途。
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DE102004035742A1 (de) * | 2004-07-23 | 2006-03-16 | Skw Stickstoffwerke Piesteritz Gmbh | N-Phenylphosphorsäuretriamide, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und deren Verwendung als Mittel zur Regulierung bzw. Hemmung der enzymatischen Harnstoff-Hydrolyse |
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