CN101384431B - 共挤出的可热收缩的聚酯膜 - Google Patents
共挤出的可热收缩的聚酯膜 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101384431B CN101384431B CN2007800056128A CN200780005612A CN101384431B CN 101384431 B CN101384431 B CN 101384431B CN 2007800056128 A CN2007800056128 A CN 2007800056128A CN 200780005612 A CN200780005612 A CN 200780005612A CN 101384431 B CN101384431 B CN 101384431B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- film
- polyester
- basal layer
- heat sealable
- heat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
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Abstract
公开了共挤出的经双轴取向的可热收缩的膜,其具有基础层和至少一个直接粘合到所述基础层的可热封外层,其中该基础层包含特性粘度大于0.75的聚酯。所述外层是可热封的并且任选是可剥落的,特别是对聚酯容器而言。本发明还涉及生产所述膜的方法,和包括容器、产品和密封在所述容器上的共挤出的经双轴取向的可热收缩膜的包装。所述包装适合用于将要在微波炉中或在常规炉中加热的预制食品,即所谓的“即食食品”。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及一种共挤出的(coextruded)经双轴取向的(biaxiallyoriented)可热收缩的(heat-shrinkable)聚酯膜,该膜具有基础层和至少一个直接粘合到所述基础层的可热封外层(outer heat-sealable layer)。所述基础层包含特性粘度大于0.75的聚酯。所述外层是可热封的并且任选是可剥落的(peelable),特别是对于聚酯容器而言。所述可热封的并且任选地可剥落的外层包含聚酯树脂。本发明还涉及生产该膜的方法和其在食品包装操作中作为覆盖膜的用途。
发明内容
通常将经双轴取向的聚酯膜用作覆盖膜(lidding films),特别是对于耐热(ovenable)容器而言。通常将包含刚性耐热容器(具有密封于其上的薄柔性热塑性膜)的包装系统用于包装所谓的“即食食品(ready-meals)”,也就是只需要加热就可以食用的食品产品。加热可以在微波炉中或常规炉中进行。由于加热步骤中涉及的温度,所以只能使用少数的材料。适合用于所述容器的材料是例如铝、经聚酯覆盖的纸板或聚(对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)(PET)。结晶PET(CPET)容器特别适合该应用。为了提高采用覆盖膜的这些容器的可热封性,所述容器通常包含作为食品接触层的非晶态PET(APET)层。由于其在标准加热温度下的高度稳定性,一般将经双轴取向的PET用作覆盖膜。为了提高覆盖膜对容器的可热封性,覆盖膜通常还包含熔点较低的或非晶态的聚酯的可热封层。所述可热封层通常是溶剂涂覆或挤出涂覆在基础层上,如EP-A-1,362,075和WO 96/19333中所描述的那样。通常,现有技术的经双轴取向的聚酯膜是热定形的(heat set),即不可热收缩。在由不可热收缩的膜获得的包装中,柔软的盖在产品上保持为松塌的状态。大部分消费者一般对这种松弛现象的感觉不好,而实际上绝大多数制造商将加盖的容器放在经印刷的卡通盒中,增加了包装的最终成本。因此,可热收缩膜的使用将是有益的。甚至更有益的是使用不需要单独的热处理来促进收缩的可热收缩的膜,也就是说具备如下热收缩性能的膜:在将膜热封到容器上的步骤期间释放的热足以促进收缩并提供绷紧的包装。在热封温度可热收缩的膜的收缩量及其收缩张力应该无论如何都不会使所得的包装变形。对受控的收缩性能即收缩和/或收缩张力的需要,对于在包装中进行热处理(如巴氏灭菌法)的产品的包装中所使用的膜而言尤其重要,以避免由于热处理导致的包装的变形或破坏。
在现有技术已知的经双轴取向的可热收缩的聚酯膜中,EP-A-1,529,797公开了一种包括热塑性聚酯基础层和也包含聚酯的可热封外层的膜,所述膜在温度为100℃的循环空气中经过15分钟测得在至少一个方向具有大于5%的收缩。收缩促进了在加热包装内的食品产品的过程中的自通风(self-venting)。没有给出这些膜在更短的加热时间或在更高的温度的收缩行为。
EP-B-1,090,739公开了单层聚酯经双轴取向的可热收缩的膜,在95℃处理10秒钟其在至少一个方向收缩30~50%,在正交方向收缩25~45%。
US 5,747,174公开了用于不同用途的包括玻璃化转变温度不高于50℃的聚酯树脂的基础层和两个也包含聚酯树脂的外层的经双轴取向的膜。在US 5,747,174公开的膜中,有用于包装用途的可热收缩的膜,对其的描述是在100℃在每个方向都具有至少25%的收缩。
膜,如在EP-B-1,090,739和US 5,747,174中所描述的膜,不适合盘覆盖应用:在远低于聚酯膜的热封温度(典型地140~200℃)的温度下的高收缩很可能会引起膜在完全密封之前的过度收缩,因此为了在膜和盘的边沿之间成功地形成密封需要大大过量的膜。
已经发现,通过具有包含特性粘度大于0.75的聚酯树脂的基础层(即在厚度方面代表膜的最高部分的层)的经双轴取向的聚酯膜为以上问题提供了解决方法。当膜的基础层包含特性粘度大于0.75的聚酯树脂时,可以在较低的温度和在比典型地用于特性粘度低于0.75的聚酯树脂的取向比高的取向比下实施双轴取向过程。横向取向温度不超过130℃,典型地可以使用低于120℃的温度。这样做的效果是所得到的可热收缩的聚酯膜在低于聚酯热封温度(典型地140~200℃)的温度没有收缩或具有可忽略的收缩,并且在所述相同温度范围在各个方向具有最大为30%的收缩。
因此,本发明的第一目的是一种共挤出的经双轴取向的可热收缩的膜,该膜包括含有特性粘度大于0.75的聚酯的基础层和直接粘合到所述基础层的第一可热封外层,所述可热封层包含非晶态聚酯(amorphous polyester)或熔融温度(melting temperature)不高于所述基础层的聚酯的熔融温度的结晶聚酯(crystalline polyester)。
本发明的第二目的是用于生产共挤出的经双轴取向的可热收缩的膜的方法,所述膜包括含有特性粘度大于0.75的聚酯的基础层和直接粘合到所述基础层的第一可热封外层,所述可热封层包含非晶态聚酯或熔融温度不高于所述基础层的聚酯的熔融温度的结晶聚酯。
本发明的第三目的是包括容器、产品和由密封到所述容器上的第一目的的共挤出的经双轴取向的可热收缩的膜形成的盖的包装。
本文中所用术语“聚酯”指均聚聚酯或共聚聚酯,其中均聚聚酯定义为由一种二元羧酸与一种二元醇缩合获得的聚合物,而共聚聚酯定义为由一种或多种二元羧酸与一种或多种二元醇缩合获得的聚合物。
特性粘度(IV)定义为在无限稀释聚合物时降低的粘度的极限值,使用毛细管粘度计测定。用于测定特性粘度的适合的方法是例如ASTM方法D4603-03和Voridian的内部方法VGAS-A-AN-G-V-1。
在第一实施方案中,本发明的膜由基础层和直接粘合到所述基础层的一个可热封外层组成,所述基础层包含IV大于0.75的聚酯。在这种情况下,所述膜具有双层结构。
膜的基础层包含IV大于0.75(例如0.76、0.77、0.78、0.79)的聚酯。优选地,膜的基础层包含IV至少为0.80的聚酯。
用作起始材料的聚酯树脂还可以具有低于0.75的特性粘度,条件是取向前膜内的特性粘度大于该值。作为例子,可以在挤出过程中通过适合的添加剂(如所谓的“扩链剂”)提高聚酯树脂的特性粘度。适合的扩链剂是例如在EP-A-372,846中公开的那些。
适合的聚酯树脂是例如乙二醇和对苯二甲酸的聚酯,即聚(对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)(PET)。优选包含亚乙基单元和包括基于二元羧酸酯单元至少90mol%,更优选地至少95mol%的对苯二甲酸酯单元的聚酯。剩余的单体单元选自二元羧酸或二元醇。适合的其它芳香二元羧酸优选地为异酞酸、邻苯二甲酸、2,5-、2,6-、2,7-萘二甲酸。对于脂环族二元羧酸,应该提及的是环己烷二甲酸(特别是环己烷-1,4-二甲酸)。对于脂肪族二元羧酸,特别适合的是(C3-C19)链烷二羧酸,特别是丁二酸、癸二酸、己二酸、壬二酸、辛二酸或庚二酸。
适合的其它脂肪族二元醇是,举例来说脂肪族二元醇如乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、2,2-二甲基-1,3-丙二醇、新戊二醇和1,6-己二醇,和脂环族二醇如1,4-环己烷二甲醇和1,4-环己二醇,具有一个或多个环的任选地含杂原子的二元醇。
可以将均聚和/或共聚聚酯的混合物或共混物用于基础层,条件是IV大于0.75的聚酯充当基础层的主要部分。优选地,基础层包含基于基础层的总重量至少50wt.%、60wt.%、70wt.%、80wt.%、85wt.%、90wt.%、95wt.%的IV大于0.75的聚酯。优选地,基础层包含至少50wt.%、60wt.%、70wt.%、80wt.%、85wt.%、90wt.%、95wt.%的IV至少为0.80的PET。此类聚合物的例子是Voridian销售的PET 9221其具有245℃的熔点Tm和0.80的IV。
任何均聚聚酯和/或共聚聚酯都可以与IV大于0.75的聚酯树脂共混。
例如,基础层可以包含至少50%、60%、70%、80%、85%、90%、95%的IV大于0.75的聚酯树脂,和不多于50%、40%、30%、20%、15%、10%、5%的非晶态聚酯树脂。在基础层中使用的非晶态聚酯可以是与可热封层中使用的非晶态聚酯相同的或不同的非晶态聚酯。
适合的基础层包含至少50%、60%、70%、80%、85%、90%、95%的IV大于0.75的聚酯树脂,和不多于50%、40%、30%、20%、1 5%、10%、5%的对苯二甲酸与乙二醇和1,4-环己烷二甲醇的非晶态聚酯。
本发明的聚酯膜的总厚度可以在很宽的限度内变化。其优选为3~100μm,尤其是5~80μm,优选地为10~70μm,甚至更优选地为15~50μm。基础层的厚度占本发明的多层膜的总厚度的至少50%,优选为总厚度的50~85%。
所述可热封层包含非晶态聚酯树脂或熔融温度不高于基础层聚酯的熔融温度的结晶聚酯树脂。本文中使用术语“结晶”来表示树脂具有明确的熔融温度。
所述可热封层可以包含非晶态共聚聚酯树脂或熔融温度低于基础层聚酯的熔融温度的结晶共聚聚酯树脂。
衍生自一种或多种二元羧酸或它们的低级烷基(不超过14个碳原子)二酯和一种或多种二元醇,特别是脂肪族或脂环族二元醇的共聚聚酯树脂适合作为用于可热封层的聚酯树脂。适合的二元羧酸包括芳香族二元羧酸如对苯二甲酸、异酞酸、邻苯二甲酸或者2,5-、2,6-或2,7-萘二甲酸,和脂肪族二元羧酸如丁二酸、癸二酸、己二酸、壬二酸、辛二酸或庚二酸。适合的二元醇包括脂肪族二醇如乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、2,2-二甲基-1,3-丙二醇、新戊二醇和1,6-己二醇,和脂环族二元醇如1,4-环己烷二甲醇和1,4-环己二醇。
在一个实施方案中,可热封层的结晶共聚聚酯包含芳香族二元羧酸和脂肪族二元羧酸。优选的芳香族二元羧酸是对苯二甲酸。优选的脂肪族二元羧酸选自癸二酸、己二酸和壬二酸。存在于共聚聚酯中的芳香族二元羧酸的浓度基于共聚聚酯的二元羧酸组分优选在45~80mole%的范围内,更优选地为50~70mole%,和尤其为55~65mole%。存在于共聚聚酯中的脂肪族二元羧酸的浓度基于共聚聚酯的二元羧酸组分优选在20~55mole%的范围内,更优选地为30~50mole%,和尤其为35~45mole%。此类共聚聚酯的特别优选的例子是(i)壬二酸和对苯二甲酸与脂肪族二元醇(优选乙二醇)的共聚聚酯;(ii)己二酸和对苯二甲酸与脂肪族二元醇(优选乙二醇)的共聚聚酯;和(iii)癸二酸和对苯二甲酸与脂肪族二元醇(优选丁二醇)的共聚聚酯。优选的聚合物包括熔点Tm为117℃的癸二酸/对苯二甲酸/丁二醇的共聚聚酯,和Tm为150℃的壬二酸/对苯二甲酸/乙二醇的共聚聚酯。
在替代性的实施方案中,可热封层的共聚聚酯衍生自脂肪族二元醇和多种芳香族二元羧酸,特别是对苯二甲酸和异酞酸。优选的共聚聚酯衍生自乙二醇、对苯二甲酸和异酞酸。对苯二甲酸组分与异酞酸组分的优选的摩尔比是在50∶50~90∶10的范围内,优选地在65∶35~85∶15的范围内。
在替代性的实施方案中,可热封层包含非晶态共聚聚酯。适合的非晶态共聚聚酯是衍生自脂肪族二元醇和脂环族二元醇与一种或多种二元羧酸(优选芳香族二元羧酸)的那些。典型的提供令人满意的可热封性能的聚酯包括对苯二甲酸与脂肪族二元醇和脂环族二元醇(特别是乙二醇和1,4-环己烷二甲醇)的共聚聚酯。脂环族二元醇与脂肪族二元醇的优选的摩尔比是在10∶90~60∶40的范围内,优选地在20∶80~40∶60的范围内,更优选地为30∶70~35∶65。此类聚合物的例子是Eastman销售的PETG6763,其包含对苯二甲酸、约33mole%1,4-环己烷二甲醇和约67mole%乙二醇的共聚聚酯,并具有81℃的玻璃化转变温度Tg。
可热封层的厚度一般为基础层厚度的约5~40%。可热封层可以具有不超过约25μm,优选地不超过约15μm,更优选地为约0.5~10μm,和更优选地为约0.5~7μm的厚度。
本发明的膜与聚酯基材料,特别是与APET和CPET容器形成牢固的密封。
为了降低密封强度,从而方便从容器手工除去所述膜,发现可以方便地将可热封外层的聚酯树脂与3~40wt.%,5~30wt.%,优选地15~25wt.%的适合的热塑性树脂共混。有助于降低密封强度而不损害膜的光学性能的适合的热塑性树脂是聚酰胺、聚苯乙烯特别是苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物、离聚物、乙烯/不饱和羧酸共聚物如乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物、乙烯/不饱和酯共聚物如乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯/丙烯共聚物和乙烯/环烯烃共聚物如乙烯/降冰片烯共聚物。
已经发现,膜和容器之间的密封度和打开包装时除去膜的容易度之间的良好平衡,可以通过将非晶态共聚聚酯与3~40wt.%的乙烯/丙烯酸共聚物或乙烯/丙烯共聚物共混获得。通过将PET与3~40wt.%的聚酰胺共混也获得了良好的结果。适合的聚酰胺是例如聚酰胺6、聚酰胺66和共聚酰胺,共聚酰胺包括共聚酰胺6/9、共聚酰胺6/10、共聚酰胺6/12、共聚酰胺6/66、共聚酰胺6/69,以及芳香族聚酰胺和共聚酰胺如6I、6I/6T、MXD6、MXD6/MXDI。
非晶态共聚聚酯与3~40wt.%的乙烯/丙烯酸共聚物的共混物特别适合于需要热处理(如巴氏灭菌法)的包装应用,因为它们提供包装的打开容易度与密封度之间的最佳平衡。适合的非晶态聚酯的例子是Eastman销售的PETG Eastar6763。
在第二实施方案中,本发明的膜具有三层结构:包含特性粘度大于0.75的聚酯的基础层、第一可热封外层和在可热封外层的相对一侧上粘合到基础层的第二外层。
虽然优选聚酯树脂,但第二外层可以包含任何适合的热塑性树脂。聚酯树脂可以与基础层树脂相同或不同。
例如,所述三层膜可以包括基础层、第一可热封外层和包含与基础层和可热封层中使用的树脂不同的聚酯树脂的第二外层。或者,三层膜可以包含基础层和两个包含相同非晶态聚酯或熔融温度不高于基础层聚酯的熔融温度的相同结晶聚酯的可热封外层。或者,三层膜可以包括基础层、第一可热封外层和包含与基础层相同的聚酯树脂的第二外层。
在特别有利的构造中,本发明的三层膜包括含有特性粘度大于0.75的聚酯的基础层、包含非晶态聚酯的第一可热封外层和包含与基础层相同的聚酯树脂的第二外层。
优选地,所述三层膜包括:含有至少50%、60%、70%、80%、85%,90%、95%的IV大于0.75的聚酯和不多于50%、40%、30%、20%、15%、10%、5%的非晶态聚酯的基础层,包含非晶态聚酯的第一可热封外层和包含与基础层相同的聚酯树脂的第二外层。优选地,基础层中的非晶态聚酯与可热封外层中的非晶态聚酯相同。
第二外层的厚度一般为基础层厚度的约5~40%。第二外层可以具有不超过约25μm,优选地不超过约15μm,更优选地为约0.5~10μm,和更优选地为约0.5~7μm的厚度。两个外层的厚度可以相同或不同。
典型地,本发明的膜在低于140℃的温度没有收缩或具有可忽略的收缩。在低于100℃、低于120℃、甚至低于140℃的温度收缩(在各个方向)通常少于5%。在150℃收缩(在各个方向)至少为5%。一般来说,在聚酯膜的通常的热封温度(即在140~200℃的范围)收缩(在各个方向)不超过30%。在180℃、在160℃、和甚至在150℃收缩一般不超过30%(在各个方向)。
本发明的膜的收缩张力的最大值典型地在各个方向不小于15kg/cm2,一般在各个方向大于20kg/cm2。
然而,当将本发明的膜用于需要包装内的产品的进行热处理的应用(如巴氏灭菌法)中时,较低的收缩张力值可能是有利的,因为它们可减少包装的变形。适合此类应用的膜在至少一个方向具有从5、8或甚至10kg/cm2开始的最大收缩张力值。
膜的最大收缩张力值在各个方向都不超过70kg/cm2,优选地其在各个方向都小于50kg/cm2、40kg/cm2。
本发明的膜一般在各个方向具有以下收缩/收缩张力性质的组合:在100℃收缩小于5%和在150℃收缩至少为5%,收缩张力不超过70kg/cm2。优选地,本发明的膜在各个方向具有在100℃小于5%的收缩和在150℃至少为5%但不大于30%的收缩,在各个方向的收缩张力不超过70kg/cm2。甚至更优选地,本发明的膜在各个方向具有在100℃小于5%的收缩和在150℃至少为5%但不大于30%的收缩,在各个方向的收缩张力不超过50kg/cm2。
本发明的膜的一个或多个层可以包含任何在聚合物膜的生产中常规使用的添加剂。因而,可酌情加入试剂如颜料、润滑剂、抗氧化剂、自由基清除剂、UV吸收剂、热稳定剂、防粘连剂、表面活性剂、滑动助剂(slip aids)、荧光增白剂、光泽改进剂、粘度改性剂。
特别地,为了改进在高速包装设备中膜的加工,可以在一个或两个外层中加入滑动助剂和/或防粘连剂。添加剂可以以在聚酯载体树脂中的浓缩物的形式加入。添加剂的量典型地为层总重量的0.2-5wt%。
本发明的膜优选地包含至少一个具备防雾(anti-fogging)性能的表面。典型地,防雾表面是可热封层的表面,也就是直接面对容器内产品的表面。
为了获得防雾表面,可以在本发明的膜挤出前将防雾剂直接配混到可热封层的聚酯树脂中。适合的防雾剂是例如非离子氟化表面活性剂,如烷基酯氟化物、全氟烷基环氧乙烷(perfluoroalkylethyleneoxides),阴离子氟化表面活性剂如全氟烷基磺酸的季铵盐,非离子表面活性剂如多元醇脂肪酸酯、高级脂肪酸胺、高级脂肪酸酰胺和高级脂肪酸胺或酰胺的环氧乙烷加合物,以及诸如此类。加入到可热封层的防雾剂的量一般是可热封层的0.5~8wt.%、1~5wt.%、1~3wt.%。
或者,防雾剂可以以涂层的形式施加到可热封外层上。可以使用常规技术将防雾剂施加在可热封层上,如凹槽辊涂覆、逆吻合涂覆(reverse kiss coating)、浸渍辊涂覆(fountain bar coating)、喷涂。
防雾剂的施加可以通过在线方法(涉及在可热收缩的聚酯膜的生产过程中施加)或离线涂覆方法(涉及在可热收缩的聚酯膜生产后施加)进行。
适合该应用的防雾剂是非离子表面活性剂如多元醇脂肪酸酯、高级脂肪酸胺、高级脂肪酸酰胺、高级脂肪醇的聚氧化乙烯醚和高级脂肪酸胺或酰胺的环氧乙烷加合物。在这些之中,优选多元醇脂肪酸酯、高级脂肪醇的聚氧化乙烯醚和甘油脂肪酸酯。
防雾剂涂层的量没有特殊限制,但可以是0.1~8mL/m2、0.5~7mL/m2、0.5~5mL/m2。
本发明的第二目的是一种用于生产共挤出的经双轴取向的可热收缩的膜的方法,包括以下步骤:共挤出包含IV大于0.75的聚酯树脂并直接粘合到至少一个可热封外层的基础层,所述可热封外层包含非晶态聚酯或熔融温度不高于所述基础层的聚酯的熔融温度的结晶聚酯,骤冷该挤出物,和在不超过130℃的温度对所述挤出物进行双轴取向。
该方法可以通过本领域已知的任何用于生产经双轴取向的膜的工艺实施,例如管式(tubular)或平面膜(flat film)取向工艺。
在管式方法中(也称为“双气泡(double bubble)”方法),通过以下方法获得同步双轴取向:挤出热塑性树脂管,所述管随后经骤冷、重新加热并然后通过内部气压膨胀以引起横向取向,并以将引起纵向取向的速度卷绕。适合该技术的设备的例子在US 4,84 1,605中公开。
在平面膜方法中,通过T形模头挤出成膜热塑性树脂并在冷却辊上快速骤冷以确保树脂被骤冷至非晶态状态。然后通过在高于热塑性树脂玻璃化转变温度的温度同时地或顺序地拉伸经骤冷的挤出物实现取向。
在顺序平面取向方法(sequential flat orientation method)中,经骤冷的平面挤出物首先在一个方向取向,一般是在纵向方向,即经过膜拉伸机的前向方向,然后在横向方向取向。挤出物的纵向拉伸方便地在一组以不同转速旋转的旋转辊上实施(MDO)。第一对辊的至少一个被加热,例如通过热油的内循环。横向拉伸通常在拉幅设备(tenter apparatus)中实施(TDO),拉幅设备包括一定数量的加热区和适合的拉伸装置。在随后的退火步骤中,通过在低于膜的熔融温度的温度下的热处理将经双轴取向的膜尺寸稳定化。
为了生产本发明的可热收缩的膜,将用于挤出层、用于可热封外层和在适当情况下用于第二外层的聚合物加入单独的挤出机中。通过多层T形模头挤出熔体和在冷却辊上骤冷。挤出物的纵向拉伸(MDO)方便地在60~120℃,优选地在70~100℃的温度实施。
在横向拉伸(TDO)中,膜的温度为90℃(预热区)~130℃(拉伸区),优选地为90℃(预热区)~110℃(拉伸区)。
纵向拉伸比为2.0∶1~5.0∶1,优选地为2.3∶1~4.8∶1。横向拉伸比一般为2.4∶1~6.0∶1,优选地为2.6∶1~5.5∶1。
退火在150~210℃,优选地在160~200℃,甚至更优选地在160~195℃的温度进行。退火温度能够用于精细调整膜的最终收缩性能。随后,以常规方式将膜卷起。
本发明还提供了一种包装,包括容器、放置在容器中的产品、和密封到容器上的由本发明的共挤出的经双轴取向的可热收缩的聚酯膜形成的盖。
典型地,与产品接触的容器的表面,即涉及与覆盖膜形成密封的表面,包含聚酯树脂。例如,容器可以由经聚合物覆盖的纸板制造,或者其可以完全由聚酯树脂制造。用于本发明的包装的适合容器的例子是CPET、APET或APET/CPET容器。此类容器可以发泡的或非发泡的,即固体。
所述包装由本领域技术人员所熟知的技术生产。一旦把将要包装的食品放入容器,就将本发明的可热收缩的膜使用常规技术和设备通过温度和/或压力密封到容器上。将膜放到容器上,从而使可热封层与容器的表面接触,而基础层或任选地第二外层是膜的最外面的表面。热封通过经加热的架(heated frame)在140~200℃、150~190℃的温度,和在2~10巴、4~8巴的压力下进行。密封时间典型地为约0.3~2.0秒、0.5~1.0秒。通过密封架(sealing frame)产生热,尽管密封时间短,但促进膜在两个方向的收缩而不使容器变形,从而提供了绷紧的密封盖。
所述包装特别适合用于将要在微波炉或在任何其它类型的炉(如常规的对流炉、直接辐射炉和强制热空气炉)中加热的预制食品,所谓的“即食食品”。这些类型的食品产品通常经过热处理(如巴氏灭菌法)以增加它们的保存期。由于本发明的膜的受控的收缩性能,产品能够直接在包装内进行巴氏灭菌,甚至在延长的热处理之后也不会使容器发生任何变形。
将通过一些实施例对本发明进行说明,但是本发明并不限于这些实施例。以下实施例和对比实施例中制备的共挤出的经双轴取向的可热收缩的聚酯膜通过以下描述的方法进行评价。
%收缩:即当经受所选择的加热时,10cm×10cm的膜试样的尺寸变化的百分数,通过ASTM Standard Test Method D 2732-83(将试样浸入热油浴中5秒钟)测量。
收缩张力:即膜在特定温度下在受限制的情况下试图收缩而在纵向(LD)和横向(TD)在每原始单元宽度所产生的拉力,通过以下内部测试方法测量:从试样上沿纵向或横向切下25.4 mm宽的膜条。力测量通过与夹具连接的压力传感器(load cell)进行测量。与该夹具相对,第二夹具(试样固定于其上)能够通过外部手柄调节位置,从而预拉紧试样。这两个夹具使试样保持在通道的中央,叶轮将热空气吹入该通道中。在该空气通道中安装三个热电偶以测量温度。以约2℃/秒的速度将试样的温度(由热电偶测量)升高到最高约180℃并连续测量力。然后将测得的力除以试样的原始宽度以获得收缩力,并进一步除以膜样品的厚度以给出收缩张力。典型地,收缩张力以kg/cm2表示。
在以下实施例和对比实施例中使用的聚合物在表1中给出:
表1
PET1 | 聚(对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯),IV=0.80 |
PET2 | 聚(对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯),IV=0.60 |
PETG1 | 对苯二甲酸,1,4-环己烷二甲醇和乙二醇的共聚聚酯,Tg=81℃ |
PETG2 | 对苯二甲酸,1,4-环己烷二甲醇和乙二醇的共聚聚酯,Tg=82℃,含6wt.%的SiO2和10wt.%的蜡 |
实施例1
通过上述的顺序平面取向方法生产总厚度为25μm、厚度比为4∶1的由PET1的基础层和PETG1的可热封外层组成的两层可热收缩膜。特别地,冷却辊的温度保持在约21℃。将未经拉伸的薄片在约82℃预热,然后在辊间沿机器方向在91℃以3.4∶1的比例拉伸。将经纵向拉伸的片在约95℃预热,然后沿横向在约100℃以5.0∶1的比例拉伸。退火步骤在200~205℃的温度实施。
对比实施例1
如实施例1中描述生产总厚度为25μm、厚度比为4∶1的由PET2的基础层和PETG1的可热封外层组成的两层可热收缩膜。为了成功地生产经取向的膜,需要以下温度/拉伸调整,特别是对于横向拉伸条件而言:在约82℃预热薄片,然后在辊间沿机器方向在91℃以3.2∶1的比例拉伸。将经纵向拉伸的片在约125℃预热,然后沿横向在约120℃以3.8∶1的比例拉伸。退火步骤在200~205℃的温度实施。因而,与含PET1的膜对比,为得到含PET2的膜,必须提高取向温度(从95/100℃到125/120℃)并降低横向拉伸比(从5∶1到3.8∶1)。
实施例1和对比实施例1的膜的收缩性能在表2中给出。
表2
实施例1 | 对比实施例1 | ||
在120℃的收缩(%) | LT | 34 | 10 |
在140℃的收缩(%) | LT | 68 | 21 |
在160℃的收缩(%) | LT | 1114 | 63 |
在180℃的收缩(%) | LT | 2022 | 149 |
收缩张力(kg/cm2) | LT | 38(158℃)68(160℃) | 43(170℃)15(175℃) |
从表2中可以看出,虽然实施例1和对比实施例1的膜在相同的温度退火,但是在相同的温度与对比实施例1的膜相比,实施例1的膜具有更高的收缩,和较低的温度具有最大收缩张力。这种收缩性能的组合导致在膜密封到容器上的热封温度获得外观紧绷的包装。
实施例2
使用与上文报道的用于实施例1的膜的相同温度和拉伸比生产几种具有以下B/A/C层排布的三层可热收缩膜,其中A=基础层,B=可热封层和C=外层。层组成和厚度在表3中给出。所有的膜在150℃在各个方向都具有约5%~约10%的收缩。
表3
B层(厚度/μm) | A层(厚度/μm) | C层(厚度/μm) |
PETG1(5) | PET1(15) | 95%PET1+5%PETG2(5) |
PETG1(2.5) | PET1(17.5) | 95%PET1+5%PETG2(5) |
80%PETG1+20%EAA(2.5) | PET1(17.5) | 95%PET1+5%PETG2(5) |
85%PETG1+15%EAA(6) | PET1(24) | 98%PET1+2%PETG2(5) |
85%PETG1+15%EAA(6) | 50%PET1+50%PETG1(24) | 98%PET1+2%PETG2(5) |
85%PETG1+15%EPC(3) | PET1(27) | 98%PET1+2%PETG2(5) |
80%PETG1+20%SBS(2.5) | PET1(17.5) | 95%PET1+5%PETG2(5) |
80%PETG1+20%PA6/12(2.5) | PET1(17.5) | 95%PET1+5%PETG2(5) |
80%PETG1+20%ENB(2.5) | PET1(17.5) | 95%PET1+5%PETG2(5) |
75%PET1+20%PA 6/12+5%PETG2(5) | PET1(15) | 95%PET1+5%PETG2(5) |
其中:EAA=乙烯/丙烯酸共聚物;SBS=苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物;PA 6/12=基于ε-己内酰胺和十二内酰胺(laurolactam)的共聚酰胺;ENB=乙烯/降冰片烯共聚物;EPC=乙烯/丙烯共聚物
实施例3~6
使用具有以下拉伸条件的实施例1中描述的顺序平面取向方法生产几种具有以下B/A/C层排布的三层可热收缩的膜,其中A=基础层,B=可热封层和C=外层:
纵向拉伸温度:预热82℃,拉伸91℃
纵向拉伸比:3.2∶1
横向拉伸温度:预热100℃,拉伸105℃
横向拉伸比:4.5∶1
层组成和厚度以及退火温度在表4中给出。
表4
B层(厚度/μm) | A层(厚度/μm) | C层(厚度/μm) | 退火温度(℃) | |
实施例3 | PETG1(6) | PET1(24) | 98%PET1+2%PETG2(5) | 195 |
实施例4 | PETG1(6) | 70%PET1+30%PETG1(24) | 98%PET1+2%PETG2(5) | 195 |
实施例5 | PETG1(6) | 50%PET1+50%PETG1(24) | 98%PET1+2%PETG2(5) | 195 |
实施例6 | PETG1(6) | 50%PET1+50%PETG1(24) | 98%PET1+2%PETG2(5) | 176 |
实施例3~6的膜的收缩性能在表5中给出。
表5
实施例3 | 实施例4 | 实施例5 | 实施例6 | ||
在120℃的收缩(%) | LT | 23 | 23 | 33 | 22 |
在140℃的收缩(%) | LT | 44 | 45 | 45 | 45 |
在160℃的收缩(%) | LT | 79 | 68 | 68 | 79 |
在180℃的收缩(%) | LT | 1414 | 1313 | 1213 | 1114 |
收缩张力(kg/cm2) | LT | 21.6(170℃)36.6(170℃) | 14.4(150℃)20.8(170℃) | 8.3(150℃)13.5(170℃) | 5.4(180℃)12.9(180℃) |
相对于实施例3的参比结构,在对比实施例4和5的膜的基础层中添加30wt.%和50wt.%的非晶态聚酯如PETG1对膜的总收缩量具有可忽略不计的影响,但是对收缩张力有影响。实际上,最大收缩张力随着PETG1的量的增加而减小。较低的收缩张力值对需要包装的热处理(如巴氏灭菌法)的那些包装应用可能是有利的,因为它们降低了使容器变形的风险。
Claims (14)
1.一种共挤出的经双轴取向的可热收缩膜,其包括基础层和直接粘合到所述基础层的可热封外层,所述基础层包含至少50%的IV大于0.75的聚酯树脂和不多于50%的对苯二甲酸与乙二醇和1,4-环己烷二甲醇的非晶态聚酯,所述可热封外层包含对苯二甲酸与脂肪族二元醇和脂环族二元醇的非晶态共聚聚酯,可热封外层的厚度一般为基础层厚度的5~40%。
2.根据权利要求1的膜,其中所述基础层的聚酯的特性粘度至少为0.80。
3.根据权利要求1的膜,所述膜在每个方向的收缩在100℃小于5%和在150℃为至少5%。
4.根据权利要求3的膜,其中在150℃的收缩在每个方向都不大于30%。
5.根据权利要求1的膜,其中所述基础层的聚酯为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
6.根据权利要求1的膜,其中所述可热封层包含对苯二甲酸与乙二醇和1,4-环己烷二甲醇的共聚聚酯。
7.根据权利要求1的膜,其中所述基础层包含至少50wt.%的特性粘度大于0.75的聚酯和不多于50wt.%的非晶态聚酯。
8.根据权利要求1的膜,进一步包括在所述可热封层相对一侧上直接粘合到所述基础层的第二外层。
9.根据权利要求8的膜,其中第二外层包含所述基础层的聚酯。
10.根据权利要求1的膜,包含防雾剂。
11.根据权利要求1的膜,其中所述可热封层进一步包含3~40wt.%的选自聚酰胺、乙烯/不饱和羧酸共聚物、离聚物、聚苯乙烯、乙烯/环烯烃共聚物、乙烯/丙烯共聚物的第二材料。
12.生产经双轴取向的可热收缩膜的方法,包括以下步骤:共挤出直接粘合到至少一个可热封外层的基础层,所述基础层包含至少50%的IV大于0.75的聚酯树脂和不多于50%的对苯二甲酸与乙二醇和1,4-环己烷二甲醇的非晶态聚酯,所述可热封外层包含对苯二甲酸与脂肪族二元醇和脂环族二元醇的非晶态共聚聚酯,可热封外层的厚度一般为基础层厚度的5~40%,骤冷该挤出物,和在不超过130℃的温度对所述挤出物进行双轴取向。
13.根据权利要求12的方法,其是平面取向方法。
14.一种包装,该包装包括容器、产品和密封在所述容器上的由权利要求1到11任意一项的经双轴取向的可热收缩膜形成的盖。
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PCT/EP2007/050853 WO2007093495A1 (en) | 2006-02-16 | 2007-01-29 | Coextruded heat-shrinkable polyester film |
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US (1) | US8129007B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1984176B1 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101345532B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101384431B (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE532629T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2007214582C1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0707964B8 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2640313C (zh) |
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RU2008137085A (ru) | 2010-03-27 |
WO2007093495A1 (en) | 2007-08-23 |
KR101345532B1 (ko) | 2013-12-26 |
PL1984176T3 (pl) | 2012-04-30 |
AU2007214582C1 (en) | 2012-11-15 |
RU2424908C2 (ru) | 2011-07-27 |
BRPI0707964B8 (pt) | 2022-10-04 |
KR20090015889A (ko) | 2009-02-12 |
ATE532629T1 (de) | 2011-11-15 |
BRPI0707964B1 (pt) | 2018-01-23 |
EP1984176B1 (en) | 2011-11-09 |
EP1984176A1 (en) | 2008-10-29 |
US20090017245A1 (en) | 2009-01-15 |
CN101384431A (zh) | 2009-03-11 |
CA2640313A1 (en) | 2007-08-23 |
AU2007214582B2 (en) | 2012-04-26 |
AU2007214582A1 (en) | 2007-08-23 |
US8129007B2 (en) | 2012-03-06 |
CA2640313C (en) | 2013-04-09 |
ES2377190T3 (es) | 2012-03-23 |
BRPI0707964A2 (pt) | 2011-05-17 |
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