CN101378666A - 用于平缓葡萄糖反应的碳水化合物组合物 - Google Patents
用于平缓葡萄糖反应的碳水化合物组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101378666A CN101378666A CNA2006800530711A CN200680053071A CN101378666A CN 101378666 A CN101378666 A CN 101378666A CN A2006800530711 A CNA2006800530711 A CN A2006800530711A CN 200680053071 A CN200680053071 A CN 200680053071A CN 101378666 A CN101378666 A CN 101378666A
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Landscapes
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Abstract
本发明的低升糖可利用的碳水化合物组合物包含下述成分:(i)5-60重量%的一种或多种选自除葡萄糖和果糖之外的单糖的单糖,特别是半乳糖、核糖和甘露糖;(ii)10-75重量%的具有2-20个脱水单糖单位的长度的寡糖,所述脱水单糖单位中至少一半是在它们的α-1位与另一脱水单糖单位的1-、3-、5-或6-位连接的脱水葡萄糖单位;(iii)0-75重量%的其他可利用的碳水化合物,所述组合物用于治疗糖尿病、肥胖、胰岛素抵抗或用于餐后葡萄糖反应。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及碳水化合物部分,其在消耗后给出持续且较低的葡萄糖释放。
发明背景
葡萄糖对于人体中的细胞是重要的能量来源,在食物成分中大量存在。在消耗淀粉或其他饮食可用来源的葡萄糖及随后的消化它们后,葡萄糖在胃肠道中释放,被迅速有效地从肠腔吸收。这通常会增加血液中的葡萄糖浓度。葡萄糖在食物消耗后的变化称为餐后葡萄糖反应(PPGR),其可作为标绘血糖浓度与时间的曲线的曲线下面积(AUC)来测量。人体努力保持组织和血液中的葡萄糖水平随时间的稳态,以让所有细胞适当发挥功能。当特定的食物成分例如葡萄糖的浓度开始增加时,通过胰腺释放胰岛素是获得葡萄糖稳态的重要手段。正常情况下,这会增加葡萄糖向细胞内的转运,增加利用葡萄糖形成糖原,并触发其他代谢变化,从而快速引起血糖水平降至正常水平。
身体对释放的胰岛素反应不适当被称为胰岛素抵抗。很多人患有胰岛素抵抗,例如许多肥胖的人、患有所谓代谢综合征(或X综合征)的人、糖尿病患者以及医院或疗养院中的形成短期或长期持续的胰岛素抵抗作为它们的病因的许多患者。一部分糖尿病患者还在消耗食物后(称为餐后)增加血中胰岛素浓度的能力不足。患有胰岛素抵抗的人们表现出餐后葡萄糖反应异常高,甚至在消耗适量的包含葡萄糖的食物成分后也是如此。当高餐后葡萄糖浓度在长时期内相对频繁发生,它们可能引起一些严重的健康问题。正如可以在糖尿病中发现的,已知的继发性副作用有心血管系统的问题如高血压、动脉粥样硬化、外周组织供血不足、中风、心脏病发作等,以及肾中的问题,特别是肾小球滤过率异常、多种神经病和视网膜病如白内障。还发现住院患者中严重疾病的死亡率与胰岛素抵抗的严重性相关。
降低餐后葡萄糖反应(PPGR)已成为大量研究工作的主题。已提出多种类型的碳水化合物以诱导低PPGR。还已建议为该目的而在营养品中包含饮食纤维,例如粘性纤维如树胶或果胶。使用这样的纤维的缺点是当以有效量在液体产品中使用时,其粘性升高导致胃气胀、肠胃气胀、食欲缺乏且可能便秘。
DE 3935906公开了半乳糖用于代谢应激的患者例如糖尿病患者的营养的用途。也可存在其他糖类例如葡萄糖、甘露糖、N-乙酰葡糖胺、N-乙酰半乳糖胺、岩藻糖、果糖或乳果糖,但优选的是半乳糖占糖类的至少50%或甚至至少75%。在非经肠给药中还包括氨基酸、盐等。
WO03/104473公开了将氢化和非氢化的异麦芽酮糖半乳糖基化以生成用作益生元(probiotics)的寡糖。它们还可用于调节食品的升糖性质。
WO04/081022描述了谷物组合物,其含有通过麦芽糖的转葡糖基作用获得的益生异麦芽寡糖。所述组合物可用于多种目的,包括用作烘焙成分和口服补液。
Stahl的EP-A 1229803也公开了通过转葡糖基作用获得,可被缓慢消化的特定的合成寡糖。
WO 01/17370公开了海藻糖用于为患有胰岛素代谢病症的患者提供营养的用途。海藻糖替代应基本不存在的其他糖类例如蔗糖、葡萄糖和麦芽糖。
本发明的目的是提供一种营养品,其有效地为消费者迅速提供葡萄糖,并在长时间内保持临床上显著性的葡萄糖供应,而不导致血液中葡萄糖不期望的高浓度,甚至在已变得胰岛素抵抗的人们中也是如此。
本发明的另一目的是为患有胰岛素抵抗的人们提供营养品以预防形成由长期、频繁高血糖导致的病症,例如由高级糖化产物(AGE)导致的疾病、神经病、视网膜问题和肾脏问题。
发明内容
发现一种或多种除葡萄糖和果糖以外的单糖,特别是半乳糖、甘露糖和核糖中的一种或多种与其中葡萄糖至少部分地通过非α-1,4键连接的含葡萄糖的寡糖的组合适于作为低升糖的组合物,其以缓释和持续释放的方式向人体提供葡萄糖,其中所述单糖通过代谢转化贡献于葡萄糖利用度。该组合不仅对血糖反应和胰岛素反应(GI)或PPGR曲线下总面积具有积极影响,而且它还在较长时间内建立基本平缓的PPGR。发现期望的PPGR是这样的,其在给药后显示出血糖开始时迅速但有限的升高,以快速改善能量状态并防止血糖水平过低妨碍正常功能,然后在较长时间内稳定。这对于低血糖水平的患者特别重要,低血糖水平被定义为空腹血糖水平低于3.0mM。
低升糖的α-葡萄糖寡糖以具有低于60的GI为特征,而上述非葡萄糖单糖则起胰岛素释放剂的作用以刺激血糖的摄取,且此外降低肝的代谢性应激的量。血糖水平长期增高对于不能以固定时间间隔进食的人们而言特别重要,例如其可作为婴儿的夜间配方。
因此,本发明涉及低升糖可利用的碳水化合物组合物,其包含下述的组合:(i)5-60重量%的一种或多种除葡萄糖和果糖之外的单糖和(ii)10-75重量%的具有2-20个脱水单糖单位的长度并含有至少一个非-α-1,4-连接的(即非麦芽糖型)脱水葡萄糖单位的含葡萄糖的寡糖。发现促胰岛素的(insulinotrophic),即刺激胰岛素释放却基本不升高血糖水平的单糖与也给出低餐后葡萄糖反应的寡糖的组合导致具有基本平缓的血糖反应的持续能量供应。
本文使用的术语“低升糖(的)”表示具有低于60,优选低于50的升糖指数(GI);所述GI通常理解为与葡萄糖(定义为具有100的GI)相比,产生血糖的相对速率。术语“可利用的碳水化合物”理解为表示在胃肠道中能通过酶消化的碳水化合物。消化产物或碳水化合物本身在肠的第一部分(特别是通过小肠)被吸收。在正常条件下,这些化合物或它们的消化产物不到达结肠。还可根据美国谷物化学师协会(AACC)将“可利用的碳水化合物”定义为能够作为单糖被机体(人体)吸收并代谢的碳水化合物。食品管理条例通常强制制造商在营养品的标签上标明包含其作为可消化的碳水化合物,并将它们定义为每克原料提供4kcal的产品能量含量。
本文使用的术语“除葡萄糖和果糖之外的单糖”包括任何单糖,其为醛糖或酮糖,或为戊糖或己糖。实例包括核糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖、核酮糖、半乳糖、古洛糖、艾杜糖、甘露糖、山梨糖和塔格糖。优选的单糖是核糖、半乳糖和甘露糖,且最优选的是半乳糖。优选的是在本发明的组合物中半乳糖占除葡萄糖和果糖之外的单糖的至少25%。本发明的组合物中的这样的除葡萄糖和果糖之外的单糖(特别是半乳糖、核糖和/或甘露糖)占可利用的碳水化合物的比例优选为5-45重量%,更优选为8-40重量%,最优选为10-30重量%。
含葡萄糖的寡糖包括具有2上至20个脱水单糖单位的链长的在任何位置含有至少一个脱水葡萄糖单位的任何和全部寡糖。术语“脱水”通常用于表示链成员糖单位(不管它们在链中的位置)且包括末端单位。优选的是,本发明的碳水化合物组合物的寡糖的至少一半脱水单糖单位是脱水葡萄糖单位。更优选地,所述寡糖主要含有脱水葡萄糖单位,最优选地,它们含有不超过一个除脱水葡萄糖之外的脱水单糖单位。
术语“通过非-α-1,4键连接的脱水葡萄糖单位”或“非麦芽糖连接的脱水葡萄糖单位”用于表示非末端或内部α-1,4-连接脱水葡萄糖单位(AGU)的AGU。这样的AGU在其端基异构的α-位与另一脱水单糖单位在另一位置连接,所述另一位置不为葡萄糖单位的4-位或果糖单位的2-位。特别地,这样的AGU通过其α1-位与另一脱水单糖单位的1-、3-、5-或6-位连接或者也与另一脱水葡萄糖单位的2-位连接。作为较少优选的可选方案,或者除此之外,其可在其2-、3-或6-位与另一脱水单糖单位的任何位置连接。例如:AGU可通过α-1,1、α-1,2、α-1,3和α-1,6键连接。因此,麦芽糖、蔗糖和乳糖不包括在这些寡糖内。只要不同连接的AGU的存在率至少与α-1,4连接的AGU相同,则可以存在一个或多个α-1,4连接的AGU。优选地,不超过1个AGU通过α-1,4键连接。
这样的寡糖的实例包括麦芽糖二糖类异麦芽糖(α-1,6)、黑曲霉糖(α-1,3)、曲二糖(α-1,2)、海藻糖(α,α-1,1)、龙胆二糖(β-1,6)、昆布二糖(β-1,3)和槐糖(β-1,2),杂二糖类樱草糖、异乳糖、异构糖(trehalulose)、松二糖、麦芽酮糖、明串珠菌二糖、异麦芽酮糖(=帕拉金糖),三糖类异麦芽三糖、潘糖、曲三糖(kojitriose)等,以及直至十糖的更高级的同系物例如异麦芽十糖、甚至二十糖(icosasaccharide)。优选二糖和三糖,最优选的是海藻糖、异构糖、异麦芽酮糖、异麦芽糖和人参三糖。含葡萄糖的寡糖可以从天然来源获得或者通过将糖类例如蔗糖进行酶法异构化来合成,且它们中的几种是可商购的。所述寡糖还可通过将例如麦芽糖转葡糖基化以生成主要α-1,6-连接的寡聚葡萄糖(异麦芽糖寡聚糖)来获得。所述寡糖可具有直链或可为较少支链的。其他实例包括寡核苷酸黑曲霉糖和交替型(alternan-type)寡糖。
可利用的葡萄糖成分ii)中不包括的是可商购的所谓的抗性麦芽糊精,例如Fibersol-2和Nutriose。它们具有突出的纤维特征,且可能部分地含有β-连接。这些纤维型寡糖可通过大鼠肠内粉末的水解活性来评价,如Mishima等人,J.Agric.Food Chem.2005,53,7257-7261中所述。在该大鼠肠内试验中不水解的糖类被认为是不可利用的。
寡糖(ii)在本发明的组合物中的优选比例为15-75重量%,更优选18-50重量%,其中基于可利用的碳水化合物组合物,优选10-60重量%,更优选15-45重量%由二糖(ii-a)例如海藻糖、异构糖、帕拉金糖、松二糖、明串珠菌二糖和异麦芽糖组成。这些糖类中,特别重要的是含果糖的二糖、异构糖、帕拉金糖、松二糖和明串珠菌二糖,尤其特别重要的是帕拉金糖。帕拉金糖的裂解例如仅仅在肠中发生,包括使用异麦芽酶。
优选地,如上文所定义的成分(i)和(ii)一起占可利用的碳水化合物组合物的25-100重量%,优选28-75重量%,最优选32-60重量%,因此其他可利用的碳水化合物(iii)的量为0-75重量%,优选25-72重量%,最优选40-68重量%。在另一可选的实施方案中,本发明的碳水化合物组合物可含有(iii)0-45重量%,优选10-40重量%的其他可利用的碳水化合物。
仅考虑成分(i)和(ii),它们在本发明的组合物中存在的相对比例为5-60和10-75重量份,它们按100%计的比例是(i)5/80-60/70与(ii)10/70-75/80,或(i)6.25-85.7重量%与(ii)14.3-93.75%。最优选的比率是(i)10/60-30/48(16.7-62.5重量%)与(ii)18/48-50/60(37.5-83.3重量%)。仅考虑二糖(ii-a),其相对比例为(i)5/65-60/70(7.7-85.7重量%)与(ii-a)10/70-60/65(14.3-92.3重量%),最优选(i)10/55-30/45(18.2-66.7重量%)与(ii-a)15/45-45/55(33.3-81.8重量%)。这些比率特别适于半乳糖与帕拉金糖的组合。这些特定单糖和特定二糖(例如半乳糖与帕拉金糖)的组合可协同地提供迅速而持续的血糖反应。
这些其他可利用的碳水化合物可首先包含(iii-a)可利用的葡萄糖源,其形式为单体葡萄糖或可易于利用的葡萄糖低聚物和聚合物例如麦芽糖、麦芽糊精和非抗性淀粉;这样的葡萄糖源仅含有或主要含有(>90%)通过α-1,4键连接的脱水葡萄糖单位。这些来源的葡萄糖的利用度可根据Englyst等人(Am.J.Clin.Nutr.1999,69,448-454)的方法测定:试验开始后120分钟内释放可利用的葡萄糖的葡萄糖源的比例计为本发明组合物的成分(iii)。未通过该试验的比例为本发明的目的被称为“纤维”,且不算在本文定义的100%可利用的碳水化合物组合物之内。根据Englyst方法,在可利用的碳水化合物中,试验开始后20分钟内释放可利用的葡萄糖的葡萄糖源的比例算作可被迅速利用的葡萄糖源。
这些可利用的葡萄糖源可在使产品的总升糖指数保持低于75,优选低于60,特别低于50的水平存在。
此外,成分(iii)可包含(iii-b)其他单糖和二糖。例如:果糖可在如4-25重量%,特别是6-18重量%的水平存在,乳糖可在0至高达约15重量%,优选1-10重量%的水平存在,蔗糖从0至高达约5重量%。根据本发明,当使用时上述量的半乳糖和果糖不包括乳糖的半乳糖部分和蔗糖及帕拉金糖的果糖部分。
当配方中包含半乳糖时,优选可迅速利用的葡萄糖的量为游离半乳糖重量的1.25-10倍、更优选1.5-6倍。当包含游离核糖时,可迅速利用的葡萄糖特别是游离葡萄糖的量为游离核糖量的0.8-10倍,优选1-8倍高。当包含游离果糖时,可迅速利用的葡萄糖与果糖的重量比优选为1:0-0.12。
注意到,为定义本发明的组合物,成分(ii)和(iii)不涵盖的寡糖不被认为是可利用的碳水化合物;这同样适用于不落入成分(iii)的多糖。
此外,多元醇例如甘露醇、拉克替醇、异麦芽糖醇(异麦芽,6-O-α-D-吡喃葡糖苷基-D-山梨糖醇)等不涵盖在成分(i)、(ii)和(iii)中,成分(i)、(ii)和(iii)占可利用的碳水化合物组合物的100%。然而,这样的多元醇可在例如可利用的碳水化合物组合物的0-20重量%的水平存在。
所述可利用的碳水化合物组合物可用作例如补剂、或者作为部分或全部食品的一部分,其还含有蛋白质和/或脂质和/或纤维、矿物质、维生素等。所述组合物可以是干粉或固体或半固体组合物。优选地,所述食品为液体,适于管饲或吮吸。其具有优选300-700mOsm/l、更优选330-600mOsm/l、最优选340-500mOsm/l的重量克分子渗透浓度,并具有0.6-2.0kcal/ml、更优选0.75-1.5kcal/ml的能量密度。在液体中,该产品优选包含本发明的可利用的碳水化合物部分,其量为60-200g/l,优选80-160g/l,更优选100-140g/l。
优选在产品中包含非粘性纤维。已知任选与其他食物成分组合的粘性纤维影响胃排空速率和食物在胃肠道中的消化速率。现在发现本发明的产品中优选包含的纤维在产品中和胃肠道中都不应表现为粘性纤维。本发明可使用的纤维的有利的选择方式和包含的浓度都应使其在营养组合物中表现出低粘性。这样的纤维在体内条件下也似乎表现低粘性。可适当使用的纤维为反式半乳寡糖(GOS)、以及大大水解的树胶、水解的甘露聚糖、水解的阿拉伯聚糖、水解的木聚糖、水解的β-葡聚糖、水解的果聚糖(果糖寡糖,FOS)、菊粉和/或寡果糖(oligofructose)。此外,可以使用所谓的抗性(难消化的)麦芽糊精纤维。这样的非粘性、通常可溶的纤维的优选用量为所述可利用的碳水化合物组合物的0-30重量%、优选4-24重量%,并因此不计入其100%中。以能量为基础,这些纤维的使用水平可为例如每100kcal0-5g,尤其是0.4-4g,特别为0.6-3g,且以液体为基础为0-40g/l,优选2-30g/l,更优选4-25g/l。
除了这些非粘性的可溶性纤维之外,还可以存在溶解性较差或不溶性的纤维例如抗性淀粉、纤维素等,例如其存在水平可以为可利用的碳水化合物组合物的0-30重量%,优选4-20重量%,或者每100kcal0-4g,特别是0.3-3g,或者0-30g/l,优选2-20g/l。
非淀粉和抗性淀粉纤维的总量优选在2-50g/l的范围内,优选4-40g/l、更优选6-30g/l。产品的粘度低以提供对吮吸饮用和管饲而言可接受的流动特性。在20℃下切变速率为100/sec的条件下测量,粘度为1-60Mpa.s,优选1.4-40Mpa.s,更优选1.8-30Mpa.s(参考:水的值为1)。
本发明的营养品还可包含胰岛素释放剂,优选磺酰脲和/或抗糖尿病药物,优选双胍类和/或噻唑烷二酮类药物。若存在磺酰脲,则每千克本发明的组合物优选包含0.1-4g的量的磺酰脲。
本发明的营养组合物可包含蛋白质部分。这样的蛋白质部分可基于植物蛋白来源,可向其中加入至少一种动物源的氨基酸、肽或蛋白质。所述蛋白质部分优选15-99.9重量%,优选20-95重量%来自于植物种,所述植物种属于豆目或豆科的物种。优选的是,所述蛋白质来源于大豆(黄豆(Glycinemax))、豌豆((青)豌豆(Pisum)种)、豆(菜豆属(Phaseolus)种)、胡芦巴(葫芦巴(Trigonella)种)、羽扇豆、小扁豆(扁豆(Lens)种)、花生(落花生属(Arachis)种)、罗望子、苜蓿和紫花苜蓿中的一种或多种。这样的蛋白质组合物还支持对餐后葡萄糖反应和餐后胰岛素反应的改善。选择富含那些就对必需氨基酸的需要而言增加蛋白质部分作为整体的营养价值的氨基酸的氨基酸或肽。特别地,这些氨基酸为赖氨酸、亮氨酸和苯并氨酸。所述组合物每100g氨基酸中可包含1.8-5g甲硫氨酸和/或4.5-9g苏氨酸和/或8.6-17g亮氨酸和/或5.5-9.5g脯氨酸。动物来源的蛋白质源特别地选自乳蛋白质和来自于动物肌肉的液化蛋白或鱼样水解蛋白。特别优选乳蛋白质,特别是乳清蛋白,且更特别的是那些基于蛋白质计算,包含低于40重量%,且优选低于30重量%的K酪蛋白或糖基巨肽(glycomacropeptide)的乳清蛋白。
产品中的蛋白质的量优选为每100ml产品0.5-15g,更优选1-10g,最优选2-7g。使用蛋白质、脂质和可消化的碳水化合物的Atwater因子(分别为4、9、4),以蛋白质、脂质和可消化的碳水化合物所提供的能量量计算,蛋白质的能量量为10-30能量%,优选14-28能量%,最优选17-26能量%,可消化的碳水化合物为35-70能量%,优选40-60能量%,最优选42-55能量%。组合物包含5-80g/l、优选20-50g/l的蛋白质部分。
本发明的营养组合物还可包含脂肪或脂质部分。这样的脂质部分包含油酸和必需脂肪酸例如亚油酸和α-亚麻酸,但也可包含结合的亚麻酸和ω-3长链脂肪酸如二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸。所述脂肪酸优选包含低于10重量%的饱和脂肪酸和低于1重量%的反式脂肪酸。脂质的量为10-60g/l,优选15-50g/l,更优选31-46g/l。使用Atwater因子将产品中的脂质的量表达为能量%时,所述脂质的量为25-45能量%,优选28-40能量%且最优选30-38能量%。脂质包括甘油三酯、甘油二酯、甘油单酯、(溶)磷脂、鞘脂和神经酰胺。其他可溶于石油醚或己烷的成分如胆固醇和其他甾醇类不包括在有关脂质部分的计算中。
此外,所述产品可包含微量成分例如本领域已知的维生素、微量元素和矿物质,以及肉碱等价物、肌醇、牛磺酸和其他食物组分例如矫味剂、着色剂或制备辅剂。钙和磷的量也选择在10-70mg/100ml,优选20-60mg/100ml的范围内。钙对磷的比例为0.8-2,优选1.1-1.9,更优选1.3-1.8。
本发明的可利用的碳水化合物组合物和营养组合物可用于在消耗后在血液和组织中维持低的和延长的葡萄糖反应,特别用于糖尿病和/或胰岛素抵抗的情况。患有胰岛素抵抗或对胰岛素抵抗极易感的人例如严重或危重病患者,特别是接受姑息治疗的患者例如那些患有严重的癌症或HIV感染的患者。患有对他们的PPGR难以控制的其他患者群包括进行大手术或遭受其他创伤的人们、营养不良的人们(特别是蛋白质-能量营养不良的人们)、患有肥胖症、代谢综合征、X综合征、高血糖症、高胰岛素血症(hyperinsulinaemia)、血脂障碍、高甘油三酯血症和纤维蛋白溶解障碍的人们,也包括西方社会中的大部分老人。此外,该产品可用于就遗传史而言胰岛素抵抗发生风险增加的人们(在给药20分钟至4小时后开始的持续一段时间的哺乳动物血液中的PPGR)。甚至更优选的是将葡萄糖浓度在给药后直至3小时,优选直至2小时保持稳定。基本平缓的葡萄糖水平或PPGR是指血液中的葡萄糖水平在消耗后的上述时期内每20分钟的变化不超过约1.6mM且优选低于1.3mM、更优选低于1.0mM。
在糖尿病的情况中,血糖水平通常保持在4mM至15mM之间。然而,对于严重糖尿病的情况,仍然可以观察到餐后葡萄糖浓度的峰值高于15mM。在这些情况下,含有本发明的碳水化合物部分的营养组合物应在超过一个进食期内消耗和/或在消耗所述食品前,与适量的胰岛素联合给药。在非糖尿病的情况下,可能将血糖水平控制在甚至低于11mM。
对于计划使用不规律进食模式的人们例如长期训练的运动员或期望较长时间保持注意力的人们例如在学习或考试期间的学生或在会议期间而言,优选地,血浆中葡萄糖水平在上述期间内被控制在5-8mM,不必与之一起消耗大量可导致胃肠道不适的纤维,且不用对个体代谢能力要求过高的其他碳水化合物替代葡萄糖源,或不像很多印度人和一些高加索家族那样用可能搅乱肥胖或糖尿病的大量脂质替代葡萄糖源。
因此,本发明的可利用的碳水化合物组合物和营养组合物可通过维持基本稳定的葡萄糖水平或生理学可接受的血脂或胆固醇特征,用于在哺乳动物中预防和/或治疗糖尿病、胰岛素抵抗、肥胖、控制餐后葡萄糖反应、代谢综合征、X综合征、高血糖、高胰岛素血症、血脂障碍、高甘油三酯血症、纤维蛋白溶解障碍和/或与大手术或创伤有关的病症。
此外,所述产品有效降低患下述疾病的风险并减轻下述疾病的恶化,所述疾病与频繁升高的血糖水平有关,其包括视网膜病、肾疾病和神经病。此外还可预防与高级糖化产物(AGE)的出现有关的疾病。可通过测量血液中的糖化血红蛋白分子(Hb1Ac)水平来测定所述产物的有效性。
实施例1
制备每100ml含有下述组分的两种用于糖尿病患者的液体配方A和B:
# 商购的抗性淀粉组分的可消化(可利用)的部分
## 商购的抗性淀粉组分的难消化部分
* 包括GOS组分的乳糖
实施例2
制备每100ml含有下述组分的用于糖尿病患者的液体组合物C和D(吮吸或管饲):
能量: 419kJ(100kcal)
蛋白质部分: 19.4能量% 4.86g
富含α-乳白蛋白的乳清蛋白 2.43g
大豆蛋白 2.43g
脂质部分: 34.2能量% 3.80g
油菜籽/向日葵(Canola HO掺合物331) 3.17g
葵花籽油HOA(Trisun 347) 0.20g
低芥酸油菜籽油(Canola 338) 0.20g
屈大麻酚 0.10g
其他 0.13g
可消化的碳水化合物部分:(见下文)46.4能量% 11.63g
纤维: 2.00g
半乳寡糖 1.00g
纤维素 0.10g
Nutrilose FM06(难消化的部分) 0.65g
抗性淀粉(难消化的部分) 0.25g
矿物质:(以mg计)
Na(37.5)、K(100)、Cl(37.5)、Ca(47.0)、P(37.5)、Mg(23.0)
微量元素:(以μg计)
Fe(1600)、Zn(1400)、Cu(210)、Mn(330)、F(100)、
Mo(10.0)、Se(7.5)、Cr(12.0)、I(13.0)
维生素:(以μg计)
维生素A(82RE)、类胡萝卜素(200)、维生素D(1.2)、维生素E(2500α-TE)、维生素K(5.3),
维生素B1(400)、维生素B2(200)、烟酸(1800NE)、泛酸(800)、
维生素B6(300)、叶酸(38)、维生素B12(0.65)、生物素(6.5)、维生素C(15.0)、胆碱(37)。
组合物C和D的可消化的碳水化合物部分不同,如下:
* 包括GOS组分的乳糖
Claims (13)
1.低升糖可利用的碳水化合物组合物,其包含下述成分:
(i)5-60重量%的一种或多种选自除葡萄糖和果糖之外的单糖的单糖,特别是半乳糖、核糖和甘露糖;
(ii)10-75重量%的具有2-20个脱水单糖单位的长度的寡糖,所述脱水单糖单位中至少一半是在它们的α1-位与另一脱水单糖单位的1-、3-、5-或6-位连接的脱水葡萄糖单位;
(iii)0-75重量%的其他可利用的碳水化合物。
2.根据权利要求1的碳水化合物组合物,其中成分(i)和(ii)占所述组合物的28-75重量%,优选32-60重量%。
3.根据权利要求1或2的碳水化合物组合物,其包含
(i)8-40重量%,优选10-30%的一种或多种选自半乳糖、核糖和甘露糖的单糖,优选半乳糖。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的碳水化合物组合物,其中成分(ii)的寡糖包含不超过一种的除脱水葡萄糖之外的脱水单糖单位。
5.根据权利要求4的碳水化合物组合物,其包含:
(ii)10-50重量%,优选18-45重量%的除麦芽糖、乳糖和蔗糖以外的含葡萄糖的二糖。
6.根据权利要求5的碳水化合物组合物,其中所述含葡萄糖的二糖选自海藻糖、异构糖、帕拉金糖和异麦芽糖。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项的碳水化合物组合物,其中成分(iii)包含4-25重量%的果糖。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项的碳水化合物组合物,其中成分(iii)包含5-40重量%的可迅速利用的葡萄糖源,所述葡萄糖源选自葡萄糖、麦芽寡糖和可消化淀粉。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项的碳水化合物组合物,其包含0.4-0.8倍于碳水化合物成分i)-iii)总干重的可迅速利用的或可持续释放的葡萄糖。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项的碳水化合物组合物,其还包含基于营养组合物中成分i)-iii)的碳水化合物部分的总干重的2-30重量%的营养纤维。
11.根据权利要求1-10中任一项的碳水化合物组合物,其包含5/65-60/70重量份的半乳糖和10/70-60/65重量份的帕拉金糖,优选10/55-30/45重量份的半乳糖和15/45-45/55重量份的帕拉金糖。
12.液体营养组合物,其包含权利要求1-11中任一项的碳水化合物组合物且还包含脂质和/或蛋白质,所述可利用的碳水化合物组合物占所述营养组合物的35-70能量%。
13.权利要求1-11中任一项的碳水化合物组合物用于制备治疗糖尿病、肥胖、胰岛素抵抗或用于餐后葡萄糖反应的营养组合物或药物组合物的用途。
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2005
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CN103491805A (zh) * | 2011-01-06 | 2014-01-01 | 约翰内斯·科伊 | 清爽饮料 |
CN103491796A (zh) * | 2011-01-06 | 2014-01-01 | 约翰内斯·科伊 | 巧克力浆料 |
CN103491796B (zh) * | 2011-01-06 | 2014-10-08 | 约翰内斯·科伊 | 巧克力浆料 |
CN103491805B (zh) * | 2011-01-06 | 2016-03-16 | 约翰内斯·科伊 | 清爽饮料 |
CN107847760A (zh) * | 2015-05-06 | 2018-03-27 | 波士顿治疗公司 | 抑制α(1→4)键葡萄糖聚合物的淀粉酶介导的水解的组合物及方法 |
CN111683544A (zh) * | 2018-02-07 | 2020-09-18 | 甜糖股份公司 | 液体的、功能改进的异麦芽酮糖醇 |
CN111683544B (zh) * | 2018-02-07 | 2022-12-13 | 甜糖股份公司 | 液体的、功能改进的异麦芽酮糖醇 |
CN111227254A (zh) * | 2020-02-27 | 2020-06-05 | 赫斯提亚健康科技(无锡)有限公司 | 一种用于辅助降血糖的碳水化合物组合 |
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BRPI0620042B1 (pt) | 2020-04-14 |
BRPI0620042B8 (pt) | 2022-05-24 |
US20090215718A1 (en) | 2009-08-27 |
BRPI0620042A2 (pt) | 2011-10-25 |
WO2007073187A1 (en) | 2007-06-28 |
RU2008129772A (ru) | 2010-01-27 |
US20120190643A1 (en) | 2012-07-26 |
ES2706281T3 (es) | 2019-03-28 |
US8148350B2 (en) | 2012-04-03 |
CN101378666B (zh) | 2013-07-24 |
NZ569262A (en) | 2010-12-24 |
EP1832179A1 (en) | 2007-09-12 |
RU2413428C2 (ru) | 2011-03-10 |
US8691976B2 (en) | 2014-04-08 |
EP1832179B1 (en) | 2018-11-07 |
AU2006327990A1 (en) | 2007-06-28 |
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