CN101361491B - Field culture european large cherry budbreaking chemicals and budbreaking method in regions south of the Changjiang river - Google Patents
Field culture european large cherry budbreaking chemicals and budbreaking method in regions south of the Changjiang river Download PDFInfo
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- CN101361491B CN101361491B CN200810200436XA CN200810200436A CN101361491B CN 101361491 B CN101361491 B CN 101361491B CN 200810200436X A CN200810200436X A CN 200810200436XA CN 200810200436 A CN200810200436 A CN 200810200436A CN 101361491 B CN101361491 B CN 101361491B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a dormancy-breaking agent of an European large cherry cultivated out-door in the region at the south of the Changjiang River, and a dormancy-breaking method thereof, which are used for carrying out dormancy-breaking to the European large cherry and promoting the growth of an ovule and a megaspore. The dormancy-breaking agent is prepared by diluting a cyanamide solution of 50 percent to 1-2 percent and then being added with osmotic agent fatty alcohol polyethenoxy ether of 0.05 percent. The European large cherry is treated for two times. The first treatment is carried out about 30 days before the sprouting of the European large cherry and the whole branch of the European large cherry is sprayed up by using the dormancy-breaking agent; the second treatment is carried out after one week of the first treatment, and the same dormancy-breaking method is treated repeatly for consolidating the effects. The method is applicable to the large cherry varieties of 'early-red precious stone', 'red light', 'early-mahapphala', 'pioneer', 'Lapins' and the like. The dormancy-breaking agent has easy preparation and safe use, and can lead the European large cherry to sprout in advance for more than one week, with neat sprout and blossom, the flower quantity is increased, the percentage of fertile fruit is improved, the growth of the young sprout is promoted, the leaf area is increased and the fruit quality is enhanced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of the Changjiang river areas to the south's outdoor cropping european large cherry chemicals for breaking dormancy and dormancy breaking method, solve, belong to farm-forestry crop culture technique field in the colored and unreal problem of areas to the south, the Changjiang river outdoor cropping european large cherry.
Background technology
European large cherry is one of important fruit growing seeds of China, profitable because of its cultivating economic, be of high nutritive value, the wide new growth point that becomes China's fruit tree industry development of market prospects.Since phase early 1980s, some agri-scientific research units and agribusiness on the south the Changjiang river such as Shanghai successively repeatedly plants from the examination of ground such as Shandong, Dalian introduction european large cherry, rudiment is slow, rudiment is uneven, germination rate reduction, colored and unreal but all show, percentage of fertile fruit is below 5%, the economy of not having cultivation is worth, thus so far still not successfully economic plantation emerge.We have since two thousand one carried out years of researches, find that its reason is ovule and blastular depauperation (gardening journal, 2004,31 (3) 357-359).The same with other fruit trees that originate from the north temperate zone, it is a necessary physiological stage that the big sweet cherry in Europe carries out dormancy in the winter time, and only after satisfying the low temperature demand of leaf bud and bud, spring in the coming year could normal development.European large cherry is transplanted to average annual temperatures such as Shanghai on the south the Changjiang river more than 15 ℃, January monthly mean temperature more than 5 ℃ behind the area, the problems referred to above occur and should be due to the dormancy deficiency.
Solve the measure of dormancy wretched insufficiency effective technology and be broken the processing of sleeping, promote rudiment, improve ovule, blastular growth, improve percentage of fertile fruit and economic flow rate.And the key of broken dormancy technology promptly is the selection and the application technique of chemicals for breaking dormancy.The technology that is used for breaking dormancy in the production utilizes chemical agent processing and physical measure to break two kinds of dormancies.Take a broad view of the chemicals for breaking dormancy that breaks the dormancy technology and adopted both at home and abroad, have the following disadvantages: (1) is though some chemical substance is better to the dormancy effect of breaking european large cherry, but it is harmful, cause poisoning (as thiocarbamide) easily, have residually after having used, can't carry out organic or green product production; (2) heat, physical measure cost such as alternating temperature is too high, perhaps do not have feasibility in practical operation, be difficult to promote.Therefore, successful product or the technology of still not having large scale application in the broken dormancy technology of areas to the south, the Changjiang river european large cherry.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of the Changjiang river areas to the south's outdoor cropping european large cherry chemicals for breaking dormancy and dormancy breaking method are provided, and the chemicals for breaking dormancy cost of employing is low, noresidue safe in utilization, be convenient to large tracts of land and promote the use of, make on the south the Changjiang river cultivation european large cherry more feasible.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts cyanamide and penetrating agent JFC (fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether) to be mixed with the european large cherry chemicals for breaking dormancy, adopt twice processing mode during broken the dormancy, handled for the first time in rudiment preceding about 30 days, evenly spray the whole strain branch of cloth Europe large cherry with the european large cherry chemicals for breaking dormancy, twice processing was separated by about a week.
European large cherry chemicals for breaking dormancy of the present invention is that 50% cyanamide solution, mass concentration are that 10% fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether solution and water are formulated by mass concentration, in the chemicals for breaking dormancy, the final mass concentration of cyanamide and fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether is respectively 1～2% and 0.05%.
European large cherry dormancy breaking method of the present invention is specific as follows:
1, cyanamide being added water, to be mixed with mass concentration be 50% solution, pack, dry and below 25 ℃ in the environment preservation standby;
2, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether being added water, to be mixed with mass concentration be 10% solution, packs standby;
3, select preceding 30 days front and back of european large cherry rudiment, temperature carries out the broken processing of the sleeping first time at 10～24 ℃ sunny weather; Avoid rainy, white, mist within 24 hours after the processing;
4, before the broken processing of sleeping, it with mass concentration 50% cyanamide solution thin up, the interpolation mass concentration is 10% fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether solution, be made into chemicals for breaking dormancy, make that the final mass concentration of cyanamide and fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether is respectively 1～2% and 0.05% in the chemicals for breaking dormancy, chemicals for breaking dormancy is joined in the sprayer;
5, the broken dormancy when handling is transferred to the best position of atomizing effect to mister head, then with the branch of the even comprehensively spray cloth of chemicals for breaking dormancy to the whole strain tree of european large cherry body;
6, after a week is finished dealing with in broken dormancy for the first time, adopt identical method to carry out the broken dormancy second time and handle.
Chemicals for breaking dormancy applicable variety of the present invention is: european large cherry kinds such as " ruby early ", " red light ", " early big fruit ", " pioneer ", " Rabin Si ".
European large cherry chemicals for breaking dormancy preparation of the present invention is easily, and is cheap, safe in utilization, and european large cherry was done sth. in advance more than one week of rudiment,, and promote ovule, blastular to grow.Rudiment and bloom neatly increases the flower amount, promotes shoot growth, increases leaf area, improves fruit quality, and chemicals for breaking dormancy is very fast degraded in plant corpus, and noresidue can not produce harmful effect to the safety of environment and fruit, be suitable for large-area applications.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment technical scheme of the present invention is further described.
Embodiment 1
1, preparation cyanamide solution.The crystallization cyanamide that uses among the present invention is packed with airtight container, keeps dry and shady and cool (25 ℃ or lower), and temperature must not be above 45 ℃ in any case.When being lower than 10 ℃ of preservations, the shelf-life is about 1 year.Its manner of packing is the sealed polyethylene bag, adds iron sheet barrel.The present invention added the crystallization cyanamide water earlier before using to be mixed with mass concentration be 50% solution, available 202 and 304 stainless steels, glass, polyethylene, poly-vinegar material seal packing, dry and below 25 ℃ in the environment preservation standby, the shelf-life is about 6 months.
2, the preparation of bleeding agent: the penetrating agent JFC that uses among the present invention under field conditions (factors) for little yellow to colourless viscous liquid, generally pack with 200kg metal bucket, 50kg Plastic Drum, preserve with general chemicals 2 years shelf-lifves.In the present invention, earlier the bleeding agent fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether being added water, to be mixed with mass concentration be 10% solution, packs standby.
3, select preceding 30 days front and back of european large cherry rudiment under field conditions (factors) to carry out the broken processing of the sleeping first time.In the area, Shanghai, cultivation is generally early March the european large cherry budding period, and therefore selecting temperature before and after 5-10 day in February is that sunny weather between 10～24 ℃ is handled.Also to consider if rainy, white within after handling 24 hours, greasy weather gas gives the correct time in advance, can not spray cloth.
4, before the broken processing of sleeping, at first measuring mass concentration with graduated cylinder is that 50% cyanamide solution 300ml is added in the 15L knapsack sprayer, measuring mass concentration with graduated cylinder again is that 10% JFC solution 75ml is added in the same sprayer, adds clear water and is settled to safe water bit line (15L).This moment, the final mass concentration of cyanamide and JFC was respectively 1% and 0.05%, used after stirring.Chemicals for breaking dormancy is now with the current, should not put for a long time.
5, the broken dormancy when handling is transferred to the best position of atomizing effect to mister head, then with the branch of " european large cherry chemicals for breaking dormancy " even comprehensively spray cloth to the whole strain tree of european large cherry body.
The broken processing mechanism of sleeping is that " european large cherry chemicals for breaking dormancy " handles the reduction of inducing sprout hydrogen peroxide enzymic activity, makes H
2O
2The peak produces in advance, thereby excites the reaction relevant with breaking dormancy of a series of downstreams.
6, finished dealing with back 7 days in broken dormancy for the first time, just February, 12-17 carried out the processing second time about day, and method is with for the first time identical, to consolidate treatment effect.
Embodiment 2
Before the broken processing of sleeping, the preparation of cyanamide solution and the preparation of bleeding agent are with embodiment 1.
Be generally late Febuary in the Jinhua, Zhejiang regional culture european large cherry budding period, therefore select before and after February 1, temperature is that the sunny weather between 10～24 ℃ is handled.
Measuring mass concentration with graduated cylinder is that 50% cyanamide solution 600ml is added in the 15L knapsack sprayer, and measuring mass concentration with graduated cylinder again is that 10% JFC solution 75ml is added in the same sprayer, adds clear water and is settled to the safe water bit line.This moment, the final mass concentration of cyanamide and JFC was respectively 2% and 0.05%, used after stirring.In handling back 7 days for the first time, just carry out the second time about February 7 and handle, consolidate treatment effect for the first time.
European large cherry dormancy breaking method of the present invention is realized easily, the branch that still is in the dormant stage is broken to sleep handle, and european large cherry was done sth. in advance more than one week of rudiment, rudiment and bloom more neatly promotes the ovule blastular to grow, and significantly increases the flower amount, improve percentage of fertile fruit, generally can reach more than 35%.The number of blade on simultaneously can the unit's of making young sprout surpasses 3.4 pieces of contrasts, promotes shoot growth list leaf area to increase 4.57cm
2Increase the hardness of fruit, increase single fruit weight, impel the cherry premature ripening.
Chemicals for breaking dormancy of the present invention is cheap, and cyanamide very fast degraded in plant corpus, the maturing stage noresidue; In degraded in soil is urea and ammonium, is converted into nitrate at last, and the half life period is 1.26 days only, does not accumulate in the environment, therefore can not produce harmful effect to the safety of environment and fruit.
Claims (3)
1. the Changjiang river areas to the south's outdoor cropping european large cherry chemicals for breaking dormancy, it is characterized in that by mass concentration being that 50% cyanamide solution, mass concentration are that 10% fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether solution and water are formulated, in the chemicals for breaking dormancy, the final mass concentration of cyanamide and fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether is respectively 1-2% and 0.05%.
2. the dormancy breaking method of the Changjiang river areas to the south's outdoor cropping european large cherry is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1) cyanamide being added water, to be mixed with mass concentration be 50% solution, pack, dry and below 25 ℃ in the environment preservation standby;
2) fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether being added water, to be mixed with mass concentration be 10% solution, packs standby;
3) select preceding 20-30 days of european large cherry rudiment, temperature carries out the broken processing of the sleeping first time at 10-24 ℃ sunny weather, avoids rain, frost, mist within 24 hours after the processing;
4) before the broken processing of sleeping, it with mass concentration 50% cyanamide solution thin up, the interpolation mass concentration is 10% fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether solution, be made into chemicals for breaking dormancy, make that the final mass concentration of cyanamide and fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether is respectively 1-2% and 0.05% in the chemicals for breaking dormancy, chemicals for breaking dormancy is joined in the sprayer;
5) the broken dormancy when handling is transferred to the best position of atomizing effect to mister head, then with the branch of the even comprehensively spray cloth of chemicals for breaking dormancy to the whole strain tree of european large cherry body;
6) after a week is finished dealing with in broken dormancy for the first time, adopt identical method to carry out the broken dormancy second time and handle.
3. according to the dormancy breaking method of the european large cherry of claim 2, it is characterized in that the kind of described european large cherry is " ruby early ", " red light ", " early big fruit ", " pioneer " or " Rabin Si ".
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN200810200436XA CN101361491B (en) | 2008-09-25 | 2008-09-25 | Field culture european large cherry budbreaking chemicals and budbreaking method in regions south of the Changjiang river |
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| CN200810200436XA CN101361491B (en) | 2008-09-25 | 2008-09-25 | Field culture european large cherry budbreaking chemicals and budbreaking method in regions south of the Changjiang river |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN101361491A CN101361491A (en) | 2009-02-11 |
| CN101361491B true CN101361491B (en) | 2011-06-08 |
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Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104413063A (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2015-03-18 | 辽宁农业职业技术学院 | Dormancy breaking agent for fruit tree under protected cultivation and application method |
| CN105453789A (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-04-06 | 宁夏大荣化工冶金有限公司 | Method for applying cyanamide to increase yield of cherries |
| CN106472223A (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2017-03-08 | 合肥润雨农业科技有限公司 | A kind of method releasing european large cherry dormancy |
| CN107494008A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2017-12-22 | 界首市朝鹏家庭农场 | A kind of method for releasing pear tree bud dormancy |
| CN108770684A (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-11-09 | 山东省果树研究所 | A kind of positive and negative cenospecies mating system of efficient sweet cherry |
| CN111096162B (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2022-01-18 | 昆明金厘子农业科技有限公司 | Chinese cherry dormancy breaking method |
| CN113348955A (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2021-09-07 | 台州市农业科学研究院 | Early-maturing cultivation method for sweet cherries in south China |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1891031A (en) * | 2005-07-01 | 2007-01-10 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | Method for producing dormancy awakening chemical ongrape |
| CN101213897A (en) * | 2008-01-08 | 2008-07-09 | 上海交通大学 | Fast dormancy breaking method for celery seed |
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2008
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1891031A (en) * | 2005-07-01 | 2007-01-10 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | Method for producing dormancy awakening chemical ongrape |
| CN101213897A (en) * | 2008-01-08 | 2008-07-09 | 上海交通大学 | Fast dormancy breaking method for celery seed |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 李丰国等.单氰胺用于保护地甜樱桃的破眠效果.《落叶果树》.2008,(第2期), * |
| 李蓉等.种子休眠与破眠机理研究进展.《西北植物学报》.2005,(第11期), * |
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