CN101331832B - Cultivation method of sichuan fritillary bulb - Google Patents
Cultivation method of sichuan fritillary bulb Download PDFInfo
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- CN101331832B CN101331832B CN2007103039732A CN200710303973A CN101331832B CN 101331832 B CN101331832 B CN 101331832B CN 2007103039732 A CN2007103039732 A CN 2007103039732A CN 200710303973 A CN200710303973 A CN 200710303973A CN 101331832 B CN101331832 B CN 101331832B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for planting tendrilleaf fritillary, which comprises collecting the seeds of the tendrilleaf fritillary, after-ripeness treatment, furrow preparation and sowing as well as building up shed houses, wherein, the method of flowing water with low temperature is adopted in the after-ripeness treatment. The method for collecting and treating seeds as well as sowing can greatly improve the budding ratio of sowing in the fields in autumn, solves the technical problem of lower seed germination ratio of sexual propagation in artificial planting of the tendrilleaf fritillary and is a feasible technology with practicability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation method of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae.
Background technology
Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae is the rare traditional Chinese medicine that moistens the lung and relieve the cough, and applicating history is long, and curative effect is distinguished, has won fame both at home and abroad.Because Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae not only has good relieving cough and reducing sputum effect, and can support lung yin, a surname's lung, moistening lung and clearing lung-heat heat, be the good medicine for the treatment of the chronic cough asthma due to excessive phlegm simply, therefore, in the Chinese medicinal formulae of illnesss such as many treatment acute tracheitis, bronchitis, pulmonary tuberculosis or Chinese patent medicine preparation, tendril-leaved fritillary bulb is arranged all, as Succus Fel Serpentis et Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, fritillary and loquat cough mixture etc., can strengthen the effect of treatment disease like this.It is dry bulb that Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae derives from liliaceous plant Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae Fritillaria cirrhosa D.Don, dark violet bulb of fritillary Fritillaria unibracteata Hsiao et K.C.Hsia, Gansu bulb of fritillary Fritillariaprzewalskii Maxim. or its medicinal part of Bulbus Fritillariae cirrhosae Fritillaria delavayi Franch..Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae grows in the mixed coniferous broad leaved forest, softwood forest, alpine scrub in temperate zone high mountain, area, plateau.Soil is mountain region brown earth, dark brown earth and alpine meadow soil etc.
Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae is wild in 3500～4500 meters high and cold area of height above sea level, the more moistening endroit of soil.Be distributed in the western Sichuan and the west and south, northwestern Yunnan Province, southern Tibet and east.Main product in the kangding, Yajiang, Kowloon, Danba, Daocheng, flourish, Xiangcheng County, Xiao Jin, Jinchuan; Mangkang, Tibet, Gongjue, river are big, Chaya, left side gram, Chayu; Deqie, Yunnan, Gong Shan, Zhong Dian, peaceful gelsemium, Lijing, Wei Xi, Fugong, Bi Jiang.On the grassland of wild, the loosing soil abundant of the dark violet bulb of fritillary in 3200～4500 meters of height above sea level, sunny, humus.Be distributed in western Sichuan, Qinghai Southern and SOUTH OF GANSU.Main product is in Sichuan Hongyuan, Ruoergai, Songpan, Nanping, Mao Wen, Heisui River, Li County, Pingwu, Maerkang etc.; The Qinghai Banma, control for a long time, secrete Dagri, Gan Da, agate, Maduo, colleague, with moral etc.The Gansu bulb of fritillary is wild between the shrubbery or meadow in 2800～4400 meters high and cold mountain regions of height above sea level.Be distributed in western Sichuan, East of Qinghai Province and south, SOUTH OF GANSU.Main product in the kangding, Yajiang, Kowloon, Danba,, Rangtang, Xiao Jin, Jinchuan, Maerkang, Wenchuan, luxuriant literary composition, Li County, Heisui River, Nanping; Gansu south of Gansu Province, Minxian County, Yang County, Gangu, Wen County, Wudu; The Qinghai Banma, control for a long time, secrete Dagri, Gande, agate, with moral etc.Bulbus Fritillariae cirrhosae is wild in the rock crevice on 4400～4600 meters severe cold areas flowstones of height above sea level beach.Be distributed in western Sichuan, northwestern Yunnan Province, Qinghai Southern, the southeast, Tibet.Main product in Sichuan Shiqu, Dege, Ganzi, look reach, white jade, Xinlong, Aba etc.; Mangkang, Tibet, Gongjue, Jiangda County, Zuogong, Chaya etc.; The Qinghai cajaput, claim many, many, Zhiduo County of mixing etc.; Deqie, Yunnan, Gong Shan, assistant spiker, Bi Jiang, Lijing etc.
Biological property: the weather conditions that Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae happiness cools, have cold-resistant, happiness is wet, be afraid of high temperature, characteristic that happiness covers.Temperature reaches 30 ℃ or ground temperature and surpasses 25 ℃, and plant will wither; Can not survive in the area that height above sea level is low, temperature is high.Fritillaria cirrhosa seeds has the after ripening characteristic, keeps certain humidity and temperature at 5～25 ℃, and the embryo continues differentiation.1 year of insemination and emergence, plant is very thin, only 1 leaf; Leaf is big as pin, claims needle.The 2nd year tool list leaf 1-3 sheet, launch on the blade face, claims the ribbon leaf.Put forth in the 3rd year and do not bloom, claim tree stump.Put forth in the 4th year and bloom, the florescence claims lantern, and the fruit phase claims that fruit is Eight Diagrams hammers.Promptly begin the bulb of growing in the seedling phase, only the grain of rice is big, increases with plant development every year later on.About 90～120 days of vegetative period in year of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae plant.
At present the cultivation method of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae is: the plantation Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae should select the leeward Yinshan Mountains or half Yinshan Mountains to be advisable, and away from wheat crops, prevents that rust from infecting, and is deep with soil layer, quality is loosened, be rich in the loam of humus or oily sandy soil for well.Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae will carry out the cultivation and the processing of seed based on seminal propagation before the sowing.The preceding sowing of generally finishing classes and leave school 9～October.After planting, before emerging spring, throw off furrow face covering, divide the furrow scaffolding to shade.With seminal propagation, sow 3 or 4 years and can gather in the crops.Bulb breeding, sow to fall the 2nd year 6～July and gather in the crops behind the seedling.Take passages from " Chinese pharmacopoeia.The bibliographical information of at present relevant Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae cultivation is less, as " culture technique of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae " Liu Xianqi, and mountain area-1992 years 6 phases of exploitation; " Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae reduces height above sea level cultivation research " Ma Xiao rectifies CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA-1996 year 1 phase; In above-mentioned document, cultivating seeds and after-ripening are handled to adopt and are stored sth. in a cellar method.Adopt cultivation method artificial planting sexual propagation seed germination rate lower (being about 60%), ripening time long (only being applicable to spring sowing), the sprout time of existing Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae to differ greatly, be not suitable for artificial cultivation.
Summary of the invention
In order to address the above problem, technical scheme of the present invention has provided a kind of cultivation method of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae.
The invention provides the cultivation method of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, comprise that fritillaria cirrhosa seeds is gathered, after-ripening is handled, put in order furrow and sowing, build cool canopy, wherein, after-ripening is handled and is adopted low temperature flowing water method to handle.
Wherein, the temperature of described after-ripening processing is: 0～12 ℃; Time: 10～50 days; Water velocity is: greater than 0.1 meter per second.
Further preferably, the temperature of described after-ripening processing is: 0～5 ℃.
The concrete steps of cultivation method of the present invention are:
A, seed collection: gather when capsule shows the loquat yellow; For the best is gathered period;
B, seed afterripening processing method: adopt low temperature flowing water method to handle 10～50 days;
C, whole furrow and sowing: turn over and can put in order furrow after digging, should select downwind to do furrow, the wide 0.5～1.5m of employing furrow, the high 5～25cm of furrow, furrow are grown 5～20m, the whole furrow method of pavement 20～60cm; Type of seeding is: broadcast sowing method or drilling method;
D, build cool canopy: build cool canopy, 1.5 meters～1.8 meters of the height of canopy with the material that bamboo branch (or withy) etc. conveniently is easy to get.
Wherein, the type of seeding described in the step c be with: the seed that after-ripening is handled well takes out, and admixes the humus soil of 5～20 mesh sieves, and wherein seed and weight proportion scope humous should be between 1: 10～1: 20; Cross low then fertility deficiency, the too high accurate counting that then is difficult for mixes the seed ash, the seed number of unit of account weight; By 500～3000/meter
2Grain weight on the furrow face, evenly be sprinkled into the seed ash, on the furrow face, evenly be sieved into the humus soil of 5～30 mesh sieves again, cladding thickness is 0.5～3cm; Cover again and shine herbaceous plant leaf or the bar covering that dry doubling is ground into 0.5～5cm section.
The height above sea level of the described sowing of c step is: 2700m-3000m.
The present invention is according to the biological nature of fritillaria cirrhosa seeds after-ripening and sprouting, by adopting technology such as suitable fruit harvesting phase, special after-ripening processing and sowing, reaches the bud ratio that improves the Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae field seeding.Compare with existing method, advantage is that germination rate higher (being about 90%), ripening time are lacked (being applicable to autumn sowing and spring sowing), sprout time difference is little.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1 Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae cultivation method of the present invention
1. the results of seed and after-ripening are handled:
(1) results of seed: the collecting time of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae capsule is very big to the emergence rate influence of fritillaria cirrhosa seeds, the too early seed prematurity still of gathering; It is slow to gather, and plants fruit and may ftracture, and causes seed shattering, thereby also may make seed because dry lack of water influences the sprouting activity of seed.The Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae capsule promptly begins maturation in early July, and capsule is that the best is gathered period when showing the loquat yellow.Because Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae capsule mature period is generally inconsistent, be optimal harvest time sometime so can not fix, can only judge according to the color and luster of capsule.The method of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae capsule of gathering is ripely a collection ofly promptly to gather a collection ofly, facts have proved that effective seed rate and the emergence rate effect to improving the bulb of fritillary is remarkable.The method of capsule of gathering is to cut off carpopodium with scissors, capsule is placed in the woven bag that does not leak seed, unified transporting back weighed, and record is kind of fruit gross weight well, randomly draws 10～12 samples in all planting really, 1 kilogram of each sample kind fruit, count out kind of a fruit number (individual/kilogram) respectively, obtain mean value, count out total seed amount at last, contain 100 seeds by each capsule, i.e. seed total amount (grain)=average fruit number (individual/kilogram) * kind of fruit gross weight (kilogram) * 100 of planting.In time transport to the threshing of threshing place.
(2) after-ripening of seed is handled: fritillaria cirrhosa seeds is the proembryo shape seed with after-ripening characteristic, even capsule is fully ripe, seed there is no complete embryonic knob structure.Seed must be under certain temperature and humidity conditions, and through processing after a while, embryo just germinates.Handle through 10～50 days after-ripening, embryo length can reach 2/3rds of seed length, and this kind seed is effective seed (seed is if handle without after-ripening, and emergence rate is very low).The after-ripening of fritillaria cirrhosa seeds is handled, and general the use stored sth. in a cellar method.This method has been invented a kind of method of seed being carried out the after-ripening processing with low temperature flowing water (the natural stream of high altitude mountainous area), and the temperature that described after-ripening is handled is: 0～12 ℃; Time: 10～50 days; Water velocity is: greater than 0.1 meter per second.The temperature that after-ripening is further preferably handled is: 0～5 ℃.
Wherein parameter is selected foundation:
A, water temperature.Through evidence, water temperature is beneficial to seed afterripening most in the time of 0～5 ℃.Water temperature is lower than 0 ℃ and will freezes; Facts have proved, be higher than 5 ℃ of time lengthening that after-ripening will be handled; Being higher than 12 ℃ will make seed be difficult to after-ripening and rotten gradually.
B, time: water temperature is low more, and required time is short more.According to the variation of actual water temperature (between 0～5 ℃), the time of immersion changed between 10～30 days.
C, water velocity: should be greater than 0.1 meter per second.Be lower than this flow velocity, the effect difference of flowing water immersion effect and static immersion is not obvious, and seed is perishable.
The fritillaria cirrhosa seeds that utilizes this method to handle, germination rate reaches more than 90%.
Characteristics such as that this law has is easy and simple to handle, emergence rate height.Method is seed to be packed into do not leak in seed bag weaved, tightens sack, and seed packet is immersed in the water fully.Fritillaria cirrhosa seeds is handled through 30～80 days after-ripening, and the full degree of seed obviously increases, and the plumule of central bright yellow is high-visible, and the after-ripening of fritillaria cirrhosa seeds is at this moment handled promptly to accuse and finished.
This method is except obviously improving the bud ratio of seed, and main advantage is to compare with the seed that stores sth. in a cellar the method preparation, and the seed afterripening time is fast, can satisfy requirement of seeding then; And the seed afterripening degree is comparatively neat, and the sprout time unanimity is beneficial to seedling management.
2. sowing and management:
(1) choosing ground, whole ground: the Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae certain height above sea level of requirement of well growing, height above sea level cross that low cultivation is difficult for surviving and damage by disease and insect is many; Height above sea level is too high, and Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae shortening in vegetative period is unfavorable for the accumulation of active ingredient and can increases the cultivation management cost, so the height above sea level in general selection cultivation base is about 3000m.If but sub-district benign climate (better as vegetation, concealment and ventilation condition) also can be cultivated in the place about height above sea level 2700m.The suitable loam of soil and unsuitable sandy soil, because of loam help water conservation, protect fertile.Choose behind the sowing soil and begin to turn over the ground of cutting the earth, remove stone, tree root, weeds and worm's ovum in the ground; Strike the fine earth piece, make soil beading shape.Turn over and to put in order furrow after digging, should select downwind to do furrow, adopt the wide 0.5～1.5m of furrow, the high 5～25cm of furrow, the long 5～20m of furrow, operations such as the whole furrow method of pavement 20～60cm is more easily sowed, artificial weeding and fertilising through test for many years.
(2) sowing: generally be advisable sowing in time before frozen soil with autumn sowing; If spring sowing will be thawed afterwards at soil, seed is not sprouted preceding sowing in time.The inventive method mainly adopts the planted in fall method.Before the sowing, apply base fertilizer earlier in furrow, base fertilizer is for to be advisable with farmyard manure (barnyard manure).By 20～100 kilograms/meter
2The base fertilizer consumption apply composite fertilizer, with base fertilizer and furrow face table soil mixing, the smooth furrow face of trying one's best again.The furrow face can not just differ, because if the thickness that furrow face height makes lid plant for a moment is irregular, thereby influences emergence rate.During sowing, the general use broadcasted sowing method, because broadcast sowing seed evenly disperseed, and makes full use of the furrow space of planes.The seed that after-ripening is handled well takes out, and admixes the humus soil of crossing 5～30 mesh sieves in right amount, mixes the seed ash, the seed number of unit of account weight.That is: every kilogram of seed ash contains seed number (grain/kilogram)=seed sum ÷ seed ash gross weight.By 500～3000/meter
2Grain weight on the furrow face, evenly be sprinkled into the seed ash, on the furrow face, evenly be sieved into the humus soil of 5～30 mesh sieves again, cladding thickness is 0.5～3cm.
(3) cover: cover at the soil table and shine leaves of plants, the bar (can use the phoxim desinsection earlier, again with the spirit of powder rust, carbendazim sterilization) that dry doubling is ground into 0.5～5cm section, it is thick to cover about 1～4cm.Cladding material also available aspermous mountain grass or other material; But should not use grassy weed, because of easily being with rust, if necessary usefulness will be passed through and be handled.The main effect that covers is to reduce the soil moisture volatilization, prevents frostbite, windburn and soil freezing (" lifting by frost ").
3. build cool canopy: can gather materials on the spot, build cool canopy with the material that bamboo branch (or withy) etc. conveniently is easy to get, the height of canopy is not limit, can not too shortly (be advisable to make things convenient for weeding, apply fertilizer and to be convenient to build, general highly is 1.50～1.80m), light transmittance is suitable 25%～35%, keeps 65%～75% shade rate.Build the material of cool canopy and should not use pine branch, because of not easy to operate under oil-containing and the pine needle; Big waste of flax fibre-bearing is many, not perishable, also is the material of puing up a shed preferably.As the large tracts of land sowing, the person of having ready conditions can about high 1.8m, be convenient to operation more with sunshade net booth.
In the cultivation method of the present invention, the step of most critical is that gather period and the after-ripening of low temperature flowing water of the best handled.By to parameter control in the inventive method, the fritillaria cirrhosa seeds germination rate height of preparation, ripening time is short, sprout time difference is little, adapts to artificial standardized cultivation, improves output.
Claims (4)
1. the cultivation method of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae comprises that fritillaria cirrhosa seeds is gathered, after-ripening is handled, puts in order furrow and sowing, builds cool canopy, it is characterized in that: after-ripening is handled and is adopted low temperature flowing water method to handle;
The temperature that described after-ripening is handled is: 0～5 ℃; Time: 10～30 days; Water velocity is: greater than 0.1 meter per second.
2. the cultivation method of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: its concrete steps are:
A, seed collection: capsule shows loquat and gathers when yellow and gather period for the best;
B, seed afterripening processing method: adopt low temperature flowing water method to handle 10～30 days;
C, whole furrow and sowing: turn over and to put in order furrow after digging, select downwind to do furrow, adopt the wide 0.5～1.5m of furrow, the high 5～25cm of furrow, the long 5～20m of furrow, the whole furrow method of pavement 20～60cm; Type of seeding is: broadcast sowing method or drilling method;
D, build cool canopy: build cool canopy with bamboo branch or withy, 1.5 meters～1.8 meters of the height of canopy.
3. the cultivation method of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the type of seeding described in the step c be with: the seed that after-ripening is handled well takes out, admixed the humus soil of 5～20 mesh sieves, mix the seed ash, wherein seed and weight proportion humous are 1: 10～1: 20 in the seed ash; The seed number of unit of account weight; By 500～3000/meter
2Grain weight on the furrow face, evenly be sprinkled into the seed ash, on the furrow face, evenly be sieved into the humus soil of 5～30 mesh sieves again, cladding thickness is 0.5～3cm; Cover again and shine herbaceous plant leaf or the bar covering that dry doubling is ground into 0.5～5cm section.
4. the cultivation method of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the height above sea level of the described sowing of c step is: 2700m-3000m.
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Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103828558B (en) * | 2012-11-22 | 2015-05-20 | 青海绿康生物开发有限公司 | Method for cultivation of seedlings of bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae through devices |
| CN103109662A (en) * | 2013-02-01 | 2013-05-22 | 苏州苏农园艺景观有限公司 | Propagation method of Persian fritillaria |
| CN103340072B (en) * | 2013-06-20 | 2015-05-20 | 四川新荷花中药饮片股份有限公司 | Fritillaria cirrhosa cultivating method free of weeding |
| CN103340076B (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2015-02-25 | 薛刚 | Bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae greenhouse cultivation method |
| CN103314762B (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2015-02-25 | 薛刚 | Cultivation method for Szechuan-fritillary bulbs |
| CN103597967A (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2014-02-26 | 王运海 | Fritillaria planting method |
| CN103430744A (en) * | 2013-08-16 | 2013-12-11 | 苏州仁成生物科技有限公司 | Method for rapid breeding of fritillaria cirrhosa by means of fritillaria cirrhosa scales |
| CN103597987A (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2014-02-26 | 巫溪县瑞雪药材种植有限责任公司 | Taipei fritillary bulb planting method |
| CN104012294B (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2017-04-05 | 广西柳州中嘉知识产权服务有限公司 | The cultural method of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae |
| CN104012295A (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2014-09-03 | 黎观祥 | Planting method of bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae |
| CN105875106A (en) * | 2014-09-12 | 2016-08-24 | 云阳县岐兴中药材种植专业合作社 | A planting method for fritillaria cirrhosa |
| CN110583412A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2019-12-20 | 大理白族自治州农业科学推广研究院 | Seedling raising method for fritillaria pallidiflora seeds |
| CN111657087B (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2022-07-29 | 国药种业有限公司 | Seedling growing method for fritillaria cirrhosa seeds |
| CN113170627B (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2022-08-26 | 四川国青川贝母生物科技股份有限公司 | After-ripening treatment method for fritillaria cirrhosa seeds |
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