CN101294439A - 一种多功能节能装饰板 - Google Patents
一种多功能节能装饰板 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101294439A CN101294439A CNA2008100678495A CN200810067849A CN101294439A CN 101294439 A CN101294439 A CN 101294439A CN A2008100678495 A CNA2008100678495 A CN A2008100678495A CN 200810067849 A CN200810067849 A CN 200810067849A CN 101294439 A CN101294439 A CN 101294439A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- heat insulating
- decorative panel
- plate
- insulating decorative
- energy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Abstract
本发明涉及是一种节能装饰材料,尤其是一种多功能节能保温装饰板及其制造和安装方法。属于建筑,包装,节能材料技术领域。其特征是该板的周边上设有一种不用任何压片或镙钉而能起到连接,固定和防水作用的立体结构。该板的正面为平面结构,反面上设有至少一种能产生插,钩,锚,或嵌等相互作用的立体结构。该板的保温材料是一种由热反射材料、非均匀发泡材料,皮层材料,骨架结构材料中至少两种材料组成的。该板的外保护和装饰材料是由涂料,防电磁波材料,太阳能材料中至少一种材料构成的。安装时采用胶粘剂粘贴或采用一种钩式固定件固定到被保护物上。该板不仅适用于建筑物的内外墙及屋顶等的应用,而且还适用于其它行业中保护和装饰。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种节能装饰材料,尤其是一种多功能保温装饰板,加工制造及施工安装方法。属于建筑,包装,节能材料技术领域。
技术背景
随着国际国内经济建设向前发展,人民生活水平的逐步提高,能源的代价和对能源的需求是不断增加。因此,研究开发和生产一种高质有效的节能产品,就成为当今国内外的紧迫任务和即需产品。目前国内外建筑物用保温装饰板以及其施工安装过程普遍存在以下问题:1)抗墙体开裂和防水性能有限。这是由于目前装饰板材与其固定用材料,如周边压片,紧固镙钉,密封材料等的热膨胀系数的不同,密封胶的老化,墙体本身的不可避免的开裂,因此,最终导致不可避免的装饰板间开裂,水渗透现象。2)目前装饰板的保温材料都是采用大型发泡聚苯乙烯,发泡聚氨脂等板材,经剪切成形制得所需的板材。由于剪切的原因,该板表面上的泡沫结构受到破坏,大大降低板了原板的机械强度和表面硬度。同时,由于热塑性塑料,如聚苯乙烯等烯烃聚合物的非交联特点,因此,采用该类聚合物制得的板材的机械强度和表面硬度低。为弥补这一缺点,目前普遍在保温材料与装饰面材料之间设计一层增强用水泥沙桨,水泥板,石膏板等增强的材料。因此,目前技术设计的保温装饰板材重,不利于施工和安装,而且制作步骤繁琐,耗能,成本高等缺点。此外,目前的保温材料都使用均匀泡沫结构的聚苯乙烯,聚氨脂等板材,这种泡沫结构的材料不能充分利用非均匀泡沫结构潜在的更节材,轻质,保温等优点。3)目前保温装饰板材的侧面普遍采用平面结构,因此,该板与胶粘剂表面接触的面积有限,在施工安装过程中,单一采用胶粘剂粘接的方法是难以达到所需的可靠性。为克服这一缺点,在保温装饰板材上加紧固镙栓和固定压嵌片就成为一种补救方法。可见,目前装饰板材的安装施工耗时,耗材,效率低,劳工成本高等缺点。4).目前技术设计的保温材质大多限于发泡聚苯乙烯和发泡聚氨脂材料,该材料易燃,无阻燃性能。5).目前技术设计的保温板仅限于采用发泡材料结构的低导热性能达到保温效果,但无防热辐射功能。6).目前技术设计的保温装饰板仅限于保温和装饰作用,无电磁波屏蔽或防电磁波辐,以及无利用太阳能的功能。7).目前技术设计的保温装饰板仅限于建筑物的内外墙的应用,未设及在建筑物屋顶以及包装,保护等其它行业中的应用。
发明内容
针对上述目前保温装饰板所存在的缺陷和技术不足,本发明专利公开一种新型多功能保温装饰板及制造和安装方法,从而达到避免或解决目前保温装饰板所存在的问题,生产出高质保护和装饰,低成本,低能耗的产品,有利于环保和节能。除此之外,根据该发明,加工制作的保温装饰板材可采用,但不限,挤出,注射,浇铸,模塑,等成型方法包括各种锯,铇,磨等机械方法。因此,该保温装饰板材不限手仅加工成平面式板材,也可加工成具有任一形状,如:带弧形,圆形,或角形等非平面结构的板材。因此,该发明的保温装饰板材不仅适合于建筑物内外墙用保温装饰材料,而且适合于建筑物屋顶,以及包装,保护等其它行业中的应用。
为实现本发明的上述目的,所采用的技术方案是:提供一种可采用工厂化生产的,预制的用多功能保温装饰板。该发明的装饰板周边设计了一种不用任何压条,片或螺钉而能起到连接,固定和防水作用的立体型结构。这种立体结构是一种能产生拼,达,插,套,咬,或嵌等连接和固定作用的一种立体结构。能起这连接,固定和防水作用的立体结构,例如,但不限,是一种一部分或完整的具有凹凸或阴阳形特征的任一立体型结构(图2)。这种凹凸或阴阳形立体结构也可以是一种带有一种角形,圆弧型立体结构(图2a,2b);可以是单层或多层的凹凸或阴阳形立体型结构(图2a,2d),也可以是一种通过胶粘剂或密封剂产生连接,固定和防水作用的一种立体型结构(图2e)。其具体凹凸或阴阳形立体型结构的形状,尺寸大小和在该装饰板周边上的位置应以达到最佳连接和固定强度,最好防水渗漏性能,方便加工制造,容易施工安装为目的的原则进行选择。
该发明的保温装饰板周边上的凹凸或阴阳式立体结构可采用挤出,注射,真空模塑,浇注等成型,也可采用机械锯,铇,磨等方法加工而成。具体加工方法应根据加工难易程度,保温材料性能而定。挤出,注射或真空模塑成型为优先选择,其中挤出成型为最佳选择,有利于提高生产力和降低加工成本。对烯烃类热塑性聚合物,如聚氯乙烯,聚苯乙烯等组成的材料,以选择挤出,注射,或真空模塑成型为主。其中挤出成型是优先选择的加工方法。由于挤出成型单向加工的特点,挤出口模一侧为凸或阳型结构;另一侧侧为对应的凹或阴型结构。若需要所有周边都设计有能产生拼,达,插,套,咬,或嵌等连接和固定作用的一种立体结构,上述挤出板材,经过机械剪,锯,切成所需长度的板材后,可采用机械锯,铇,磨等各种机械方法在其它周边上再加工上成所需的凹凸或阴阳立体结构;或采用类似于挤出该保温板材成型的方法,再挤出带有相同形状,尺寸的凹凸或阴阳型立体结构的配套用的周边板条。该周边板条,经剪切磨后,通过热压或胶粘剂粘接方法,将其所需长度的凹凸或阴阳式立体结构加工到原挤出板的周边上。若采用反应型或热固型材脂,如聚氨酯树脂,不饱和树脂等制作保温材料,则应采用浇铸模塑成型的方法,这种方法一次可将所有周边上加工到所需的立体结构。
为克服目前采用胶粘剂粘接保温装饰板带来强度和可靠性低等局限和缺点,本发明的一种用多功能保温装饰板的反面或内侧面上开设有至少一种能产生一种插,钩,锚,嵌等相互作用的立体结构。该立体结构可以是一种开口凹进型或一种凸出型的立体结构(如图3)。开口型凹式立体结构可以是一种相对具有一定连续性的立体结构,如沟,槽;也可以是一种相对具有一定间断性的立体结构,如:坑,凹等,或是一种组合立体结构。凸出型的立体结构可以是一种相对具有一定连续性的立体结构,如:凸条等;也可以是一种相对具有一定间断性的立体结构,如:棒,柱式立体结构等,或是一种组合立体结构。具有一定连续性的凹式和凸出型立体结构的几何形状,如沟,槽,条等,是由垂直于沟,槽,条等连续方向的断面的几何形状而定。具有一定间断性的凹和凸出型立体结构的几何形状,如:坑,凹,棒,柱等,是由垂直于坑,凹,棒,柱等断面的几何形状而定。该发明中,所述立体结构的断面的几何形状是一种多边形,如三角形,四边形(正方形,长方形,等边梯形,不等边梯形,直角梯形,平行四边形等),五边形,一种组合多边形,如:7字形,丁字形等;圆形,铃形,椭圆形,或部分圆形,铃形,椭圆形;或一种带有圆形或弧形结构的几何形状,或一种组合形状。其中,任一结构中的角形可采用圆形或弧形过渡结构代替。以便于加工和减低角形引起的应力集中现象。
为进一步提高和确保有效地使该发明的开口凹进型或凸出型的立体结构发挥增强粘接和紧固度等作用,该凹进或凸出型的立体型结构与该装饰板侧平面之间的角度是一个非垂直的倾斜角度α。该倾斜角度α偏离直角或90度(α,小于90度,或另一角大于90度,即180-α)。该角度α可以选择在5°和89°,或之间;较好的选择度是在10°和80°,或之间;最佳的选择度是在20°和70°,或之间(如图3)。可见,该发明在选择保温装饰板内侧面上的立体结构的几何形状时,灵活,不受里大外小或顶大底小等的限制。因此,根据该发明可以进一步设计一种能折换或易更新换代的保温装饰板。也就是在该保温板的侧面上设计一种非垂直的,里小外大的凹进式或顶小底大的凸出式或具有相同里外或顶底截面面积的,平行排列的,凹进式或凸出式的沟,槽,坑,条,柱,棒等立体型结构。在拆除该发明的旧保温装饰板时,只要沿着该板侧面上立体结构角度的方向,扒撬出旧的保温装饰板。该发明的新装饰板,在涂沫新的胶粘剂后,又可沿原角度方向,借助压力压插入到原来的位置上,即可完成更新过程。
该发明公开的上述一种带有凹进型或凸出型的立体结构的保温装饰板,所述该发明的凹进型和凸出型的立体结构中,其沟,槽,坑,条,柱等形状,组合方式(单一形状或复合),尺寸的大小,数量和在反面或内侧面上的布局(平行,交叉,均匀对称,非对称的分布,如图4)等应根据具体装饰板面积的大小,厚度,灵活选择,最终应以达到最佳固定强度的原则进行确定。其中,沟,槽,坑,条,柱的最小和最大平面截面积应选择占该发明板的反面或内侧面面积的1%和99%,或之间;较好的选择是占该发明板的反面或内侧面面积的10%和90%,或之间;或最佳的选择是占该发明板的反面或内侧面面积的20%和80%,或之间。
该发明公开的上述一种带有凹进型或凸出型的立体结构的保温装饰板,所述该发明的凹进型和凸出型的立体结构的深度或高度可是相同或不等,其凹进型立体结构的最深深度和最浅深度一般占该板总厚度的99%和1%,或之间,较好的选择是占总厚度的90%和10%,或之间,最佳选择为80%和20%,或之间。其凸出型立体结构的最高高度和最低高度一般是该板厚度的10倍和1%倍,或之间;较好的选择是占总厚度5倍和10%倍,或之间;最佳选择为2倍和20%倍,或之间。
该发明公开的一种多功能保温装饰板,该板的保温材料是一种由热反射材料,非均匀发泡材料(图5a),皮层材料,骨架结构材料组成的材料(图5b,c,d),其中至少一种材料含有阻燃剂,或具有阻燃性能。用于该装饰板的保温材料的热反射材料可以是一种由带有热反射功能的金属薄箔,膜,或片的材料或者涂料组成。具有热反射功能的金属薄箔,膜,或片的材料有金属铝、铬、锌、铜等,其中以金属铝包括带有保护或界面增粘作用的铝质材料为优先选择。该发明中具有热反射功能的金属薄箔,膜,或片的材料可以采用热压或借助胶粘剂等固定方式加工成型到该发明的保温装饰板。具有热反射功能的涂料可是一种含有热反射功能作用的粉末或添加剂的涂料或是一种金属沉积型涂料。具有热反射功能的粉未或添加剂有金属铝、铜、锌或银光、珠光作用无机或有机物等粉未,其中以金属铝粉或银光或珠光作用的云母粉为优先选择。该具有热反射功能的涂料可通过喷,刷,滚,镀,气相沉积等方式成膜形成具有热反射作用的材料。该热反射材料可以加工在该保温装饰板的任一表面上或截面中,其中以加工在该保温装饰板中为最佳选择。
该发明公开的一种多功能保温装饰板,该装饰板的保温材料是一种含有一种或多种无机物,有机高分子聚合物,或复合物的材料。可选择的无机物材料有,但不限于,无机硅酸盐,熔岩,矿物等组成的材料;可选择的有机高分子聚合物有,但不限于,如聚烯烃类聚合物(聚氯乙烯,聚苯乙烯,聚乙烯等),聚氨脂类树脂,不炮和聚脂式,环氧树脂,氨基树脂,醇酸树脂,酚醛树脂,脲醛树脂等,或天然树脂等,同时还包括名种通过回收再生过程制得的高分子聚合物材料。
该发明的装饰板是一种不易燃或具有阻燃性能的保温材料。因此,该保温材料是一种由不易燃或具有阻燃性能的高分子聚合物材料或含阻燃剂而组成的材料。不易燃或具有阻燃性能的高分子聚合物材料有,但不限于,聚氯乙烯,氨基树脂,酚醛树脂,脲醛树脂等。其中,聚氯乙烯为该发明的最佳选择。同时,采用添加阻燃剂也是实现本发明的有效方法之一。可选择的阻燃添加剂有,但不限于,无机型(氧化铝,氢氧化镁,三氧化二锑等),有机型(三聚氰胺基,十溴二苯醚,无卤磷酸酯阻燃剂等),或复合型。
为提高该发明保温装饰板的强度,本发明装饰板的保温材料是一种交联的材料,其交联方法可以选择化学交联法或波微,高能射线等类的物理交联方法。所述的化学交联法是一种借助添加剂即交联剂或被交联物上的官能团,在一定条件下,使被交联物材料内分子之间产生一种连接的化学反应。而物理交联法则是采用外界波微,高能射线等方法,对被交联物材料施加高能使其材料内分子活化,而实现分子之间的连接反应。基于安全,交联深度等因素考虑,本发明优先选择化学交联法。
该发明的一种多功能保温装饰板,该装饰板的保温材料是由聚氯乙烯树脂,改性剂(无机高分子聚合物,有机高分子聚合物等),填充料(含木质材料,无机物,有机高分子聚合物,回收再生料制得的各种粉末状,片状,纤维状等物质),发泡剂(化学,物理发泡法,或化学和物理复合发泡),交联剂,加工助剂,稳定剂,阻燃剂,颜料等组成。所述的化学发泡法是一种通过加入的化学物质在一定温度下反应或分解产生发泡气体的方法;物理发泡法则是一种通过低沸点的物质经减压臌胀气化产生发泡气体的方法。混合使用这两种发泡的方法可制得具有不同发泡孔径大小的发泡结构。
该发明装饰板保温材料的发泡材料是一种非均匀发泡材料,所述的非均匀发泡材料是一种至少由两种不同的发泡结构的材料。该材料可以是具有相同材质不同的发泡结构,不同材质相同的发泡结构,或是具有不同材质不同的发泡结构的材料。因此,在在加工该发明的聚氯乙烯保温材料中,同时采用化学发泡剂(如:碳酸氢钠,柠檬酸等)和物理发泡剂(如:己烷)两种发泡法可制得具有不同发泡孔径大小的发泡保温材料。此外,将不同材质的发泡材料,如,但不限于,聚氯乙烯,聚苯乙烯,聚氨脂类树脂等,共混加工,也可制得各种具有优异性能的非均匀发泡结构材料。
该发明装饰板保温材料的发泡结构可以是一种封闭式或开放式发泡结构。其中,以封闭式泡沫结构为优先选择。该发泡结构可以是一种单一或多种尺寸大小的球形,似球形,或非球形结构组成。该泡沫结构材料的比重一般不大于0.8克/cm3,较好的泡沫结构材料的比重不大于0.6克/cm3,最佳的泡沫结构材料的比重不大于0.5克/cm3。
该发明装饰板的保温材料是一种带有一层非发泡的表皮层材料。该表皮层材料可以是一种与保温材料整体相同或不相同的材质,采用与整体保温材料同步或非同步的加工过程,而在该保温材料上形成一种表皮层材料。形成该表皮层材料方法比如有,但不限于,包复,涂沫,控制成型工艺条件等。形成该表皮层材料的厚度不受任何条件的限制,都属于该发明的范畴。从而,在该发明装饰板的主体保温材料的表面上形成一种硬质的表皮层材料,能有效地提高该装饰板的强度,达到避免使用水泥混泥土等增强材料的目的。
该发明装饰板的保温材料是一种带有至少一种骨架型结构的材料。所述的骨架型结构材料是一种带有任一几何形状的骨架结构或一种组合成的骨架结构。其骨架结构的断面形状可以是,但不限于,一种多边形(三角棱形、正方形、长方形、平形四边形等),椭圆形、圆形,蜂巢,或一种组合结构等。该骨架结构的截面可以和该保温板的平面平行或垂直。该骨架内可以是空心(图5b)或填充有一种非气体物质,保温材料,如发泡材料(图5c)或部分填充有一种保温材料,如发泡材料。用于填充中空骨架结构的材料的选择应根据其成本,加工难易程度以及保温综合性质确定,不受所述材质和种类所限制。
该发明的骨架结构的材质可以是一种非发泡材料(图5b),也可以是一种发泡材料(图5d);也可以与表皮层材料相同或不相同,例名,一种骨架结构材料是一种由发泡材料为骨架,其骨架结构形状是一种带多个圆柱形的结构(图5d)。因此,具有该特征的骨架结构材料也可称为含空心的发泡结构材料,其名称或术语在本发明中可互用,不影响该发明装饰板的保温材料的结构特征。此外,在该发明中的,其骨架结构厚度包括骨架数量,形状,尺寸大小等选择不受任何条件的限制,都属于该发明的范畴。该发明的骨架结构型保温材料可以采用挤出,注射,模塑加工成型等,其中以挤出成型为优先选择。
该发明公开的一种多功能保温装饰板,该装饰板的外保护和装饰材料是由涂料,防电磁波材料,太阳能材料中至少一种材料组成的材料。其所述的涂料是一种环保型高固含量的溶剂型涂料,水性涂料,光固涂料,粉末涂料,金属沉积或电镀层等,其中,外层涂料是具有自清洁功能。根椐涂料树脂的种类,可以是含氟树脂,硅树脂,丙烯酸树脂,聚氨脂类树脂,不炮和聚脂,环氧树脂,氨基树脂,醇酸树脂,酚醛树脂,脲醛树脂等。耐候性的涂料树脂有,但不限于,含氟树脂,硅树脂,丙烯酸树脂,聚氨脂类树脂等。带有自清洁功能的涂料一种对空气中的粉尘等脏污物有极强的排斥力,在自然风雨的条件下,所有粉尘等脏污物能较轻易地在该涂料的表面上被刷洗干净,从而达到自清洁的目的。
该发明所述的涂料保护和装饰材料是不采用任何胶粘剂,直接加工成膜到该发明的保温材料上。在该保温材料的周边以及该保温材料的反(侧)面上部分或全部加工一层装饰和保护作用的涂料,从而进一步达到提高该板的保护,防水性能和机械强度,都属于该发明的范畴。
该发明公开的一种多功能保温装饰板,该装饰板的外保护和装饰材料可由一种防电磁波功能的材料代替。所述防电磁波功能的材料是一种能降低或消除电磁波穿透或辐射功能的涂料或一种其它材料如种金属材料。具有防电磁波穿透或辐射功能的涂料是一种含有防电磁波穿透或辐射功能的填充料。这种填充材是,但不限于,导电金属粉,片,丝等材料,如:铜,镍等。该具有防电磁波穿透或辐射功能的涂料可通过喷,刷,滚等方式成膜形成。具有防电磁波穿透或辐射功能的金属材料有,但不限于,镍,铜,锌,铬,铝等箔,膜,或片的材料,采用热压或借助胶粘剂等固定方式加工成型到该发明的保温装饰板。也可直接采用金属电镀,气相沉积等方法在该发明的保温板上加工形成一层具有防电磁波功能的保护和装饰材料。
该发明公开的一种多功能保温装饰板,该装饰板的外保护和装饰材料也可由一种太阳能材料组成和加工成的材料。所述的太阳能材料是一种能将太阳能转变成可利用的热能或电能的材料或器件。所述能将太阳能转变成可利用的热能的材料或器件是一种具有太阳能热水器功能和作用的材料或器件。由吸热,热储备,热传递的材料或器件组成。该太阳能热转变材料或器件可采用热压或借助胶粘剂等固定方式加工成型到该发明的保温材料上。
该发明公开的一种多功能保温装饰板,该装饰板的所述的太阳能材料是一种能将太阳能转变成可利用的电能的材料或器件。该所述能将太阳能转变成可利用的电能的材料或器件是一种具有太阳能电池板功能和作用的材料或器件。由光变电,电储备,电传递的材料或器件组成。该光变电材料可以是一种能将光转变成电能的材料,如:单晶硅,多晶硅,其它半导体材料,或纳米材料等组成的光电材料。该太阳能转变电材料或器件可采用热压或借助粘合剂等固定方式加工成型到该发明的保温板材上。该光变电材料也可是一种能将光转变成电能的涂料或气相沉积材料,通过成膜技术在该发明保温板上形成一层可利用的光变电材料或器件。
该发明公开的一种多功能保温装饰板,所述板外的保护和装饰材料是一种带有仿真图案效果的材料。该材料带有仿真图案效果是一种平面或具有立体效果的图案。该图案是采用滚压,模压图案,电脑打印图案过程中至少一步过程而形成的。该图案可以是一种自然或人造图案。
该发明公开的一种多功能保温装饰板,可全部采用工厂化加工成型制得一种预制板。有利于提高装饰板的质量,节约能源,减少环境污染,降低装饰总体成本和提高生产率。该保温装饰板可加工成任意一种所需形状的,尺寸大小的,厚度的装饰板。一般最小和最大长宽厚度在1厘米长,1厘米宽,0.1厘米厚,到5000厘米长,1000厘米宽,100厘米厚,或之间;较好最小和最大长宽厚度在5厘米长,5厘米宽,0.5厘米厚,到2500厘米长,500厘米宽,50厘米厚,或之间;最佳最小和最大长宽厚度在10厘米长,10厘米宽,0.8厘米厚,到1500厘米长,200厘米宽,15厘米厚,或之间。
在施工安装该发明的多功能装饰板时,对于水泥,混泥土,岩石,或砖结构等硬质表面的建筑物,可采用胶粘剂将该发明的装饰板固定于建筑物表面。该胶粘剂可以是一种水泥砂浆,混泥土,聚合物增强改性的水泥砂浆,混泥土,或聚合物胶粘剂等。该胶粘剂一般应具有不超过12小时的静态凝胶时间和24小时的硬固时间,较好不超过10小时的静态凝胶时间和14小时的硬固时间,最佳不超过8小时的静态凝胶时间和10小时的硬固时间。在安装时,首先将适量胶粘剂分别涂在建筑物表面和装饰板的反(内侧)面表面,由于该发明的装饰板周边上带有一种不用任何压条片或任何螺钉而能起到固定和防水作用的立体结构。因此,在各周边上涂沫一层具有耐候防水性能的弹性密封胶,可以进一步提高该发明的装饰板对建筑物的防水性能。借助压力下,按顺序和要求从建筑物上到下,从左到右或从下到上,从右到左等顺序,一片一片地,将带有一种立体结构的装饰板插入到带有与该板立体结构相配的邻近装饰板中,再对该板均匀施加压力,将该装饰板压贴到建筑物上,并与上下,左右邻近的装饰板进行相互连接和固定。
对于其它非水泥,非混泥土,非岩石,或非砖结构等非硬质建筑物表面或其它装饰面,如,木板材,人造木板,如:泡花板,纤维板,或木挟板等,可采用一种带有一种钩式结构,如图6所示,的金属固定条片,将该发明的装饰板连接和固定到建筑物表面或其它装饰面上。该金属固定条片的材质可利用一种镀锌碳钢等。该金属固定条片的长短,可根据建筑物和该装饰板尺寸大小而定;该金属固定条片的厚度,宽度和钩型结构的形状和深度,应根据该装饰板具体的尺寸大小,厚度,重量以及所需牢固度,持久性而定。具体材质,形状,尺寸大小等选择不受任何条件的限制,都属于该发明的范畴。在实施工安装时,首先将带有一种钩式结构的金属固定片条,借助镙钉将其固定到建筑物上。然后,再将该发明的装饰板,借助该发明装饰板反面带有的一种立体型结构,如斜沟槽,将该发明的装饰板挂到该发明的金属固定条片上,从而达到安装,固定的目的。该施工安装方法也可适用于具有其它材质的表面,如上所述,水泥,混泥土,岩石,或砖结构等硬质表面的建筑物或其它所需被保护和装饰的物面上。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种保温装饰板的实施方式的横断面结构示意图。图中1.保温材料,2.板周边上的一种立体型结构,3.板的反(内侧)面上的一种立体型结构,4.一种表皮层材料,5.一种热反射材料,6.一种较小泡径发泡结构组成的保温材料,7.一种较大泡径发泡结构组成的保温材料,8.板的外层保护和装饰材料,9.连接建筑物表面与装饰板的胶粘剂,10.被安装保护物如建筑物墙体表面。
图2为本发明装饰板周边上几种立体结构实施方式的横断面结构示意图。
图3为本发明装饰板反面上几种立体结构实施方式的横断面结构示意图。
图4为本发明装饰板反面上几种立体结构布局和组合实施方式的示意图。
图5为本发明装饰板的保温材料结构实施方式的横断面示意图(a:发泡结构材料,b:未填充型骨架结构材料,c:填充型骨架结构材料,d:含空心的发泡骨架结构材料)。
图6为本发明用于安装固定该发明装饰板的一种钩式固定件的实施方式结构示意图。
图7为本发明一种采用挤出成型实施方式制备加工的发泡保温式装饰板的的断面结构示意图。
图8为本发明一种采用挤出成型实施方式制备加工的骨架式保温装饰板的的断面结构示意图。
图9为本发明一种采用挤出成型实施方式制备加工的填充骨架式保温装饰板的断面结构示意图。
图10为本发明一种采用挤出成型实施方式制备加工周边上立体型结构的横断面结构示意图。
图11为本发明一种采用浇注模塑成型实施方式制备加工的一种带热反射材料的保温装饰板的立体结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下实施方式只是示范该发明的技术和设计,不反映任何局限性,更不代表是唯一或最佳的设计和技术,工艺步骤,和最终产品。具体选择,制备和加工具有一部分或全部该发明,设计,技术和思路中的产品,原料选择,产品形状,尺寸大小,颜色和图案,工艺步骤和加工条件,安装方法,不受下述示范的限制,都属于该发明的范畴。
1.挤出成型制备发泡保温材料及装饰板的加工
1).发泡保温材料的制备
该发明公开的一种多功能保温装饰板,其保温材料是由发泡材料和皮层材料组成。其发泡材料和皮层材料是一种硬质材料由聚氯乙烯树脂,发泡剂,填充料,颜料,润滑剂,热稳定剂,抗氧剂等各种助剂和添加剂组成,经配料共混,或造粒后,供挤出机使用。挤出机采用双螺杆挤出机。挤出机口模采用以挤出如图7所示形状,尺寸大小的板材的口模。挤出成型中,口模温度适当降低以保证挤出板表面上形成一层不发泡和具有较高表面硬度的表皮。板内发泡成程,以控制使最终板的比重在0.35-0.45g/cm3之间。
2)周边上带一种连接,固定和防水作用的立体结构的加工
上述该挤出成型制备的硬质发泡聚氯乙烯板材,经冷却定形后,可剪切成长为48.1厘米板材。该板的四周边中,两边带有所设计的立体结构,而另两边的凸凹型立体结构采用锯,挖,刨,磨等工序加工制得。
3).表面保护和装饰材料的制备和成型
该表面装饰材料的成型和加工由表面砂磨处理,打底漆,中层漆,面层漆等步骤组成。上述加工成型的板材正面和周边经粗(220#砂纸)砂磨和细砂(320#砂纸)磨平表面。打底漆采用双组分水性环氧型涂料,周边喷涂2-3mil厚度,正面喷涂3-5mil厚度的底漆.经低温干燥,固化后,板正面和周边再次经细砂磨平表面。
中层漆采用耐候型异氰酸酯交联固化型水性含银粉仿铝板涂料,板正面和周边喷涂2-5mil厚度的仿铝板装饰涂料,中层漆经低温干燥,固化成膜。表面漆采用具有自清洁功能的耐候型异氰酸酯交联固化型水性含氟碳树脂清漆,板正面喷涂3-5mil厚度的表层清漆,经干燥,固化交联,制得45.5厘米×45.5厘米×3.0厘米具有仿铝板效果的耐候型自清洁的多功能保温装饰板。
2.挤出成型制备骨架式结构的保温材料及仿红砖图案装饰板的加工
1).骨架式保温材料的制备
该发明公开的一种多功能保温装饰板,其保温材料是由骨架结构,皮层材料组成。其骨架结构和皮层材料是一种硬质聚氯乙烯材料。其材料由聚氯乙烯树脂,填充料,颜料,润滑剂,热稳定剂,抗氧剂等各种助剂和添加剂组成,经配料共混,或造粒后,供挤出机使用。挤出机采用双螺杆挤出机。挤出机口模采用以挤出如图8所示形状,尺寸大小板材的口模。在冷却定型后,设有一个滚压红砖墙体图案的压印花工序。经压滚印花工序后,即可在该保温材料的正面上制得带有红砖墙体图案的保温板材。
2).表面保护和装饰材料的制备和成型
上述该挤出成型制备的骨架式聚氯乙烯板材,经冷却定形后,继续进入仿红砖图案工艺步骤。具体步骤包括表面刷磨处理,红砖颜色打底漆,红砖颜色中层漆,水泥混泥土颜色画线漆,低光或无光面层清漆等步骤组成。打底漆采用红砖颜色的,双组分,水性环氧型涂料,周边喷涂2-3mil厚度,正面喷涂3-5mil厚度底漆.经低温干燥,固化后,板正面和周边再次经细砂刷磨表面。
中层漆采用红砖颜色的耐候型异氰酸酯交联固化型水性涂料,板正面和周边喷涂2-5mil厚度,中层漆经低温干燥,固化成膜。画线漆是一种水泥混泥土颜色的,耐候型氰酸酯交联固化型水性涂料。砖线部分采用滚涂方式涂抹画砖线漆,经低温干燥,固化成膜。表面漆采用有自清洁功能具的耐候型异氰酸酯交联固化型水性含氟碳树脂清漆,板正面喷涂3-5mil厚度的表层清漆,经干燥,固化交联,最终制得长1000厘米×宽45.5厘米×厚3.0厘米,具有仿红砖图案效果的,耐候型,自清洁的多功能保温装饰板。
3.挤出成型制备发泡材料填充骨架保温材料及装饰板的加工
1).发泡材料填充骨架式保温材料的制备
该发明公开的一种多功能保温装饰板,其保温材料是由发泡材料,骨架结构,皮层材料,热反射材料组成。该发泡材料是一种硬质填充骨架用的材料,由异氰酸酯,含羟基聚合物,催化剂,填充料,泡沫剂,助剂等组成。经发泡后,其比重低达0.1g/cm3。骨架材料和皮层材料由硬质聚氯乙烯树脂,填充料,颜料,润滑剂,热稳定剂,抗氧剂等加工助剂组成。挤出机采用双螺杆,双挤出机头的挤出机组。挤出机口模采用以挤出如图9所示形状,尺寸大小的板材的口模。硬质聚氯乙烯骨架材料经骨架物流道进入骨架物口模,发泡填充材料经填充物流道进入填充口模,经发泡,冷却,定型后,剪切成长为40.5厘米的长方形发泡材料填充的骨架型保温材料板。
2).周边上带一种连接,固定和防水作用立体结构的加工
采用单螺杆双机组和上述板材相同的材质,配有可挤出如图10所示形状,尺寸大小的板材的口模,挤出具有相同凹凸型立体结构的配条。经冷却定形后,将配条从开线处锯开并剪切打磨成的长45.5厘米的配条。采用快速粘合剂,借助压力同时将该凸形和凹形边条粘接到上述长为40.5厘米的长方形板材上。
3).带有热反射材料表面保护和装饰材料的制备和成型
上述加工制备的发泡材料填充型保温板材,采用粗细砂磨工序磨平正表面。用作该装饰板材的热反射材料为一种带有热熔胶粘剂的金属铝箔,其厚度为0.08-0.1毫米,经热压成型将该金属铝箔热压加工到上述保温材料的正表面上,即制得带有热反射功能的保温材料。其它保护和装饰材料可采用施实例1中的方法和步骤进行,从而制得长45.5厘米×宽45.5厘米×厚3.0厘米的发泡材料填充骨架型保温装饰板。
4.浇注模塑成型制备发泡材料的加工
1)带热反射材料的仿大理石图案保温材料的制备
该发明公开的一种多功能保温装饰板,其保温材料是由皮层材料,热反射材料,发泡材料组成制备。其面皮层材料是一种非发泡型不饱和聚脂材料。该材料是由不饱和聚脂,稀释剂,仿大理石填充料,过氧化物,催化剂,表面助剂等组成。其热反射材料是一种带有表面偶联剂厚度为0.08-0.1毫米的金属铝箔。其发泡材料是一种硬质发泡聚氨酯材料,由异氰酸酯,含羟基聚合物,催化剂,填充料,泡沫剂,助剂等组成。
浇注模为制备如图11所示形状,尺寸大小的板材的一种六面可拆卸的组合模。该保温板材周边带有如图11所示两对相应的凸凹型立体结构,该立体结构采用凸凸凹凹或凸凹凹凸顺序排列。浇模时,首先在模具表面上喷涂一种脱模剂,然后在模具所有表面上喷涂上一层厚度为4-8mil皮层材料,在末完全凝胶之前,将上述热反射材料均匀地放置于模内的皮层材料上,合膜注射所需的上述发泡硬质聚氨脂混合材料。待完成发泡固定成型后,脱模制得带有热反射材料,仿大理石图案的保温材料板。
2).表面保护和装饰材料的制备和成型
上述加工制备的带有热反射材料和仿大理石图案的保温板材,其表面保护和装饰材料的制备和成型可采用施实例2中的方法和步骤进行,最终制得长45.5厘米×宽45.5厘米×厚3.0厘米的带热反射功能的仿大理石图案的保温装饰板。
5.剪切打磨成型制备发泡保温材料及装饰板的加工
1).发泡保温材料的制备
该发明公开的一种多功能保温装饰板,其保温材料是由发泡材料和皮层材料组成。其发泡材料是一种硬质发泡聚氨脂板材,其材料是由异氰酸酯,含羟基聚合物,催化剂,填充料,泡沫剂,助剂等组成。经配料混合后,迅速将混合物倒入5×5米,深为6.5厘米的板模中,待发泡定型后制成长5米,宽5米,厚6.5厘米的大型发泡板材。该板的表观密度控制在0.2-0.4g/cm3之间。经锯切过程,将上述板材剪切成长45.5厘米,宽45.5厘米,厚3.0厘米的板材。其皮层材料是由涂料组成,可由表面保护和装饰用涂料代替,在加工表面保护和装饰材料过程中同步形成皮层材料。
2).周边上带一种连接,固定和防水作用的立体型结构的加工
上述发泡保温板材周边上的一种连接,固定和防水作用的立体型结构可采用类似如实施例1中的锯,挖,刨,磨等工序加工制得。
3).表面保护和装饰材料的制备和成型
上述保温板材的表面保护和装饰材料同样采用施实例1中的方法和步骤进行加工制备。
6.带有太阳能热水器或光电池型保温装饰板的加工和制备
1)保温材料板的制备
该发明公开的一种多功能保温装饰板带有一种太阳能热水器或光电池。该保温装饰板不仅具有保护装饰效果,而且还能将太阳能转变成可利用的热能或电能。该发明和设计具有节能,省材,少占空间,有利于环保。用作为该发明的保温材料可按实施例1,2,3,4,5中进行加工制备。其具体尺寸还可根据所选太阳能热水器或光电池的大小尺寸而定,不受该示范的任何限制,都属于该发明的范畴。
2)太阳能热水器或光电池的制备,选择和安装
用作为该发明的阳能热水器,可是一种薄型或超薄型的太阳能热水器。用作该发明的太阳能光电池可采用尚德电力天合光能等国产的多晶光电池(10×10cm、12.5×12.5cm或15.6×15.6cm等)。按所需组合要求,联接方式,采用耐候型异氰酸酯双组分胶粘剂将太阳能热水器或光电池固定到该发明的保温材料板上。其具体安装方式,所需配件和安装步骤,不受该示范的任何限制,都属于该发明的范畴。所产生的热水和电能可直接民用或公用。
7.施工安装方法和步骤
该发明公开的一种多功能保温装饰板的施工安装,可在一建筑物外墙完工后,外墙表面经适当清洁处理,铲除任何凸出物,水洗除尘,待墙体表面干燥后,采用含国产快硬高强375号水泥,聚合物改性配制的聚合物水泥砂浆作胶粘剂,分别将配制好的砂浆粘合剂涂抹到建筑物外墙和该发明装饰板的反面,借助压力,均匀施压,将该发明的装饰板依次从该建筑物的上顶部到下部,从左边到右边,相互咬合,沿线压贴到建筑的外墙表面,从而达到安装的目的。该过程高质,省时,节材。
Claims (11)
1.一种多功能节能保温装饰板,其特征是:所述的多功能保温装饰板是由以下至少一种特征结构的材料而组成:
1)该板的周边上设有一种不用任何压片或镙钉而能起到连接,固定和防水作用的立体结构。
2).该板的正(外侧)面为平面结构,反(内侧)面上设有至少一种能与胶粘剂或固定件产生插,钩,锚,或嵌等相互作用的立体结构。
3).该板的保温材料是由热反射材料、非均匀发泡材料,皮层材料,骨架结构材料中至少两种材料而组成的,其中至少一种材料含有阻燃剂,或具有阻燃性能。
4).该板的保温材料是一种含聚氯乙烯树脂的交联材料,是由聚氯乙烯树脂包括回收再生聚氯乙烯材料,交联剂,改性剂,各种助剂,填料等组成,通过挤出成型或包括有挤出成型的工艺过程所制得。
5).该板的外保护和装饰材料是由涂料,防电磁波材料,太阳能材料中至少一种材料组成。
6).该板的外保护和装饰材料是带有一种仿真图案的,该图案是采用滚压,模压图案,电脑打印图案过程中至少一步过程而形成的。
2.根据权利要求1所述多功能保温装饰板,其特征是:该板周边上的一种所述立体结构是一种能产生拼,达,插,套,咬,或嵌等连接,固定和防水作用的立体型结构。
3.根据权利要求1所述多功能保温装饰板,其特征是:所述的该板反面上的立体结构是一种开口凹进或一种凸出型的立体结构,该立体结构不受里大外小或顶大底小的限制,能实现更新替换。
4.根据权利要求1所述多功能保温装饰板,其特征是:所述的保温材料的热反射材料是一种由带有热反射功能的金属薄箔,膜,或片的材料或者一种涂料组成,是加工在该保温装饰板的任一表面上或截面中。
5.根据权利要求1所述多功能保温装饰板,其特征是:所述的非均匀发泡材料是一种至少由两种不同发泡结构材料而组成的,这种材料可以是相同材质不同的发泡结构,不同材质相同的发泡结构,或是不同材质不同的发泡结构的材料。
6.根据权利要求1所述多功能保温装饰板,其特征是:所述的皮层材料是一种形成在该保温材料上的一层非发泡材料。其材质可以是与该保温板材质相同或不同。
7.根据权利要求1所述多功能保温装饰板,其特征是:所述的骨架结构材料是一种任一由有规形状的圆形,三角形,方形,长方形,多边形等,无规形状,或一种混合结构而组成的;其骨架结构的材质可以是一种发泡材料或非发泡材料;其骨架结构中可以是一种空心或填充一种保温材料。
8.根据权利要求1所述多功能保温装饰板,其特征是:所述的防电磁波材料是一种能降低或消除电磁波穿透或辐射功能的涂料或其它材料。
9.根据权利要求1所述多功能保温装饰板,其特征是:所述的太阳能材料是一种能将太阳能转变成可利用的热能或电能的材料或器件。
10.根据权利要求1所述多功能保温装饰板,其特征是:该装饰板不限于平面板式的结构,不限于建筑物内外墙上的应用。
11.根据权利要求1所述用多功能保温装饰板,其特征是:该板采用一种胶粘剂粘贴或借助一种钩式固定件固定到被保护物上。
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