CN101293894A - 制备2-亚丙基-19-去甲维生素d化合物的中间体 - Google Patents
制备2-亚丙基-19-去甲维生素d化合物的中间体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101293894A CN101293894A CNA2008101302056A CN200810130205A CN101293894A CN 101293894 A CN101293894 A CN 101293894A CN A2008101302056 A CNA2008101302056 A CN A2008101302056A CN 200810130205 A CN200810130205 A CN 200810130205A CN 101293894 A CN101293894 A CN 101293894A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- propylidene
- vitamin
- solution
- hydroxy
- hexane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 47
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004183 alkoxy alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005160 aryl oxy alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 162
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 142
- -1 vitamin D compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 88
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 67
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 67
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 50
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 47
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 37
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 35
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
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- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 29
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 29
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- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 25
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
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- UTXBJOTXFNNRDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)[O] Chemical compound CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)[O] UTXBJOTXFNNRDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 6
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Abstract
本发明揭示了用于制备2-亚烷基-19-去甲维生素D化合物的中间体,其具有以下结构,其中各基团定义如说明书及权利要求书中所述。
Description
本申请为于2004年4月9日提交的发明名称为“2-亚丙基-19-去甲维生素D化合物”的200480009620.6号中国发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及维生素D化合物,更具体而言,涉及碳2-位具有被取代的亚丙基部分的2-亚烷基-19-去甲维生素D类似物、该类似物的药物学应用以及这种类似物的化学合成通法。
背景技术
已知天然激素1α,25-二羟基维生素D3及其麦角甾醇系列的类似物,即1α,25-二羟基维生素D2为动物及人体钙体内平衡的高效调节剂,并且新近Ostrem等在Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,84,2610(1987)中确定了其在细胞分化中的活性。这些代谢物的许多结构类似物已经制备并进行了测试,包括1α-羟基维生素D3、1α-羟基维生素D2、各种侧链同系化(homologated)的维生素以及氟化的类似物。若干这类化合物在细胞分化及钙调节中的活性显示出引人关注的差别。该活性差别可能可用于治疗多种疾病如肾性骨营养不良、维生素D抵抗型佝偻、骨质疏松症、银屑病以及若干恶性肿瘤。
在1990年发现了一种新型的维生素D类似物,即所谓的19-去甲维生素D化合物,其特征为典型的维生素D系统的A环的环外亚甲基(碳19)被两个氢原子所取代。该19-去甲类似物(如1α,25-二羟基-19-去甲维生素D3)的生物学试验显示出选择性活性,具有高效的诱导细胞分化活性及很低的钙动员活性。因此,这些化合物可能具有可用作治疗恶性肿瘤,或治疗多种皮肤病的治疗药物的前景。曾记载了合成这类19-去甲维生素D类似物的两种不同方法(Perlman等,Tetrahedron Letters 31,1823(1990);Perlman等,Tetrahedron Letters32,7663(1991),以及DeLuca等,美国专利No.5,086,191)。几年之后,合成了A环2-位被羟基或烷氧基取代的1α,25-二羟基-19-去甲维生素D3的类似物(DeLuca等,美国专利No.5,536,713)。已确定它们显示出引人关注的选择性活性。所有这些研究都显示,维生素D受体的结合位点能够适应合成维生素D类似物C-2位的不同取代基。
在探索药理学上具有重要意义的19-去甲类维生素D化合物的不断努力中,近来合成并测试了特征为A环的环外亚甲基从碳10(C-10)转移至碳2(C-2)的类似物,即2-亚甲基-19-去甲维生素D化合物(Sicinski等,J.Med.Chem.,41,4662(1998);Sicinski等,Steroids 67,247(2002);DeLuca等,美国专利No.5,843,928,5,936,133及6,382,071)。对这些类似物进行的分子力学研究表明,A环的构象变化能够导致环己二醇环“展平”(flattening)。根据分子力学计算及NMR研究,其A环的构象平衡被确定为约6∶4,具有平伏1α-OH的构象占有优势。在19-去甲维生素D碳骨架上引入2-亚甲基从而改变了其(1α-及3β-)A环羟基的性质;与天然激素1α,25-(OH)2D3分子中1α-羟基类似,现在它们都处于烯丙位(对生物活性至关重要)。已发现1α,25-二羟基-2-亚甲基-19-去甲维生素D类似物的特征为具有显著的生物学效力,且在具有“非天然的”(20s)-构象的化合物中显著增强。
最近,1α,25-二羟基-19-去甲维生素D3的2-亚乙基类似物得以合成。A环的这样修饰使该化合物具有显著的生物学效力,尤其在E-型几何异构体中的活性更高,Sicinski等,J.Med.Chem.,45,3366(2002)。令人感兴趣的是,已经确定E-异构体的A环构象平衡相当大地向一种特殊的具有处于平伏位置的1α-羟基的椅式移动。
发明内容
作为对生物学活性的2-亚烷基-19-去甲类维生素D化合物的研究的继续,已经合成并测试了特征为C-2位存在被取代的亚丙基部分的类似物。由于可预期其C-2位的大体积取代可引起与2-亚乙基相比更为显著地倾向于一种特殊的A-环椅式构象,因此该维生素D类似物似乎成为引人关注的目标。另一方面,位于亚丙基片段末端的氧官能团的出现可引起与维生素D受体的其它相互作用。
迄今为止未知的一类1α-羟基化的维生素D化合物为A-环C-10位的环外亚甲基部分被除去而具有其它片段被即取代的亚丙基连接到碳-2位上的维生素D异构体。因此,本发明旨在提供碳2位含被取代的亚丙基部分的2-亚烷基-19-去甲维生素D类似物、这些类似物的各种药物学应用、以及化学合成这些类似物的通法。更具体而言,本发明旨在提供(20R)-1α,25-二羟基-2-[3′-羟基亚丙基]-19-去甲维生素D3的E-异构体与Z-异构体以及(20S)-1α,25-二羟基-2-[3′-羟基亚丙基]-19-去甲维生素D3的E-异构体与Z-异构体。本发明还公开2-[(3′-甲氧基甲氧基)亚丙基]-19-去甲-1α,25-(OH)2D3。
这些新型类似物的结构特征如下通式I所示:
其中Y1与Y2可以相同或不同,各自选自氢与羟基保护基,其中X可以为烷基、氢、羟基保护基、羟基烷基、烷氧基烷基以及芳氧基烷基,并且其中R代表维生素D类化合物为人所知的任意典型侧链。
更具体而言,R可代表1至35个碳的饱和或不饱和烃基,其可为直链、支链或环状,并且可以包含一种或多种其它取代基,如羟基或被保护的羟基、氟、羰基、酯、环氧基、氨基或其它杂原子基团。
这种类型的优选侧链为下列结构所代表:
其中的立体化学中心(对应于甾体化合物编号的C-20)可以是R或S构型,(即碳20位为天然构型或为20-表构型),且其中Z选自Y、-OY、-CH2OY、-C≡CY及-CH=CHY,其中该双键可以是顺式或反式几何构型,其中Y选自氢、甲基、-COR5以及下列结构的基团:
其中m及n,独立地代表从0至5的整数,其中R1选自氢、氘、羟基、被保护的羟基、氟、三氟甲基以及直链或支链且可任选地含有羟基或被保护的羟基取代基的C1-5烷基,且其中R2、R3、R4各自独立地选自氘、氘代烷基、氢、氟、三氟甲基以及直链或支链且可任选地具有羟基或被保护的羟基取代基的C1-5烷基,其中R1及R2合在一起代表氧基、或亚烷基、=CR2R3、或其中p为从2至5的整数的-(CH2)p-,其中R3及R4合在一起代表氧基、或其中q为从2至5的整数的-(CH2)q-,且其中R5代表氢、羟基、被保护的羟基、或C1-5烷基且其中侧链中20、22或23位的任意CH-基团可由氮原子代替,或其中20、22或23位的任意-CH(CH3)-,-(CH2)m-,(CH2)n或-CR1R2基团可分别由氧或硫原子代替。
连在碳20位甲基取代基上的波浪线表示碳20可能具有R构型或S构型,即天然构型(20R)或非天然的20-表构型(20S)。
连在碳1’位上的波浪线表示2-亚丙基单元可能具有两种几何异构体(A环1,4-二亚甲基环己烷片段中末端碳原子的取代基的取向不同)。
具有天然20R-构型的侧链的特别重要的实例为下列式(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)及(e)所代表的结构。即出现于25-羟基维生素D3中的侧链(a);维生素D3中的侧链(b);25-羟基维生素D2中的侧链(c);维生素D2中的侧链(d);以及25-羟基维生素D2的C-24差向异构体中的侧链(e)。
上述结构I的新型2-亚丙基-19-去甲维生素D化合物表现出所需的高度有利的生物学活性模式。这些化合物的特征为具有相对高的肠内钙转运活性,即类似于1α,25-二羟基维生素D3的活性,而在从骨骼中动员钙的能力方面,与1α,25-二羟基维生素D3相比也表现相对高的活性。因此,这些化合物在钙血活性方面具有高度特异性。它们在肠内钙转运及钙动员活性方面的优先活性允许这些化合物体内给药用于治疗与预防其中主要涉及骨质丢失的代谢性骨病。由于其对肠钙转运以及骨骼的优先的钙血活性,这些化合物将成为治疗与预防其中希望骨骼生成的疾病的优选治疗药物,如骨质疏松症,尤其是骨周转(bone turnover)低的骨质疏松症、甾体诱导的骨质疏松症、老年性骨质疏松症或绝经后骨质疏松症,以及骨软化症及肾性骨营养不良。该化合物可经透皮、口服或非胃肠道给药。该化合物可以约0.01μg/gm至约100μg/gm组合物、优选为0.1μg/gm至约50μg/gm组合物的量存在于药物组合物中,并且可以约0.01μg/天至约100μg/天、优选为0.1μg/天至约50μg/天的剂量给药。
本发明的化合物还尤其适于治疗及预防以免疫系统失调为特征的人类疾病,如自身免疫性疾病,包括多发性硬化症、糖尿病、狼疮、宿主对抗移植反应(host versus graft reaction)、以及移植排斥;另外还可用于治疗及预防炎性疾病,如类风湿性关节炎、哮喘,以及炎性肠病如克隆氏病(Crohn′s disease)或溃疡性结肠炎,以及促进骨折复原与改善骨骼移植。同时也发现这些化合物可增加骨骼的断裂强度(皮层强度)以及破碎强度(小梁强度)。因此,这些化合物可以用于结合骨骼置换术例如髋部置换术、膝置换术等。可使用本发明化合物治疗的其它疾病为痤疮、秃头症、皮肤病如皮肤干燥(皮肤水合缺乏)、皮肤过度松弛(皮肤坚实度不足)、皮脂分泌不足及皱纹、以及高血压。
上述化合物还以细胞分化活性高为特征。因此这些化合物也提供可用于治疗银屑病的治疗性药物,或作为抗癌药物,尤其是抗白血病、结肠癌、乳癌、皮肤癌以及前列腺癌。该化合物可以约0.01μg/gm至约100μg/gm组合物、优选为0.1μg/gm至约50μg/gm组合物的量存在于用于治疗银屑病的组合物中,并且可以约0.01μg/天至约100μg/天、优选为0.1μg/天至约50μg/天的剂量经局部、透皮、口服或非胃肠道给药。
特别地,1α,25-二羟基-2-[3’-羟基亚丙基]-19-去甲维生素D3的(20R)与(20S)异构体的E-异构体及Z-异构体已得以合成,并测定了其结合活性、转录活性、钙血活性(肠内钙转运与骨钙动员两者)以及分化活性。这种(20R)类似物的E-异构体的结构特征如以下通式Ia所示,并于此处称为“1AGR”;
这种(20R)类似物的Z-异构体的结构特征如以下通式Ib所示,并于此处称为“2AGR”。
这种(20S)类似物的E-异构体的结构特征如以下通式Ic所示,并于此处称为“1AGS”;
这种(20S)类似物的Z-异构体的结构特征如以下通式Id所示,并于此处称为“2AGS”;
另一种已被合成的2-亚丙基化合物为2-[(3′-甲氧基甲氧基)亚丙基]-19-去甲-1α,25-二羟基维生素D3,并测定了其结合活性、转录活性、钙血活性(肠内钙转运与骨钙动员两者)以及分化活性。该类似物的结构特征如以下通式所示,并于此处称为“F-Wit”:
本发明还提供一种新的合成方法用于制备式I的最终产物,具体而言为式Ia至Id的最终产物。此外,本发明提供在最终产物合成过程中生成的新中间产物。这些新中间体的结构特征如以下通式V、VI、VII、VIII、IX及X所示,其中Y1、Y2、Y3与Y4可相同或不同,各自选自氢和羟基保护基,且X可为烷基、氢、羟基保护基、羟基烷基、烷氧基烷基、芳氧基烷基。
附图说明
图1为阐明1α,25-二羟基维生素D3与此处所记载及要求保护的2-[(3′-甲氧基甲氧基)亚丙基]-19-去甲-1α,25-(OH)2D3(F-Wit)与1α,25-二羟基维生素D猪肠核受体结合的相对活性的曲线图;
图2为阐明1α,25-二羟基维生素D3与此处所记载及要求保护的2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-1α,25-(OH)2D3的E-异构体(1AGR)、2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-(20S)-1α,25-(OH)2D3的E-异构体(1AGS)、2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-1α,25-(OH)2D3的Z-异构体(2AGR)、以及2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-1α,25-(OH)2D3的Z-异构体(2AGS)的相对活性的曲线图;
图3为阐明作为1α,25-二羟基维生素D3、(20S)-2-亚甲基-19-去甲-1α,25-二羟基维生素D3(2MD)以及此处所记载及要求保护的2-[(3′-甲氧基甲氧基)亚丙基]-19-去甲-1α,25-(OH)2D3(F-Wit)、2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-1α,25-(OH)2D3的E-异构体(1AGR),以及2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-(20S)-1α,25-(OH)2D3的E-异构体(1AGS)浓度的函数的HL-60细胞分化百分率的曲线图;
图4为阐明作为1α,25-二羟基维生素、(20S)-2-亚甲基-19-去甲-1α,25-二羟基维生素D3(2MD)以及此处所记载及要求保护的2-[(3′-甲氧基甲氧基)亚丙基]-19-去甲-1α,25-(OH)2D3(F-Wit)、2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-1α,25-(OH)2D3的E-异构体(1AGR),以及2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-(20S)-1α,25-(OH)2D3的E-异构体(1AGS)浓度的函数的转录活性的曲线图;
图5为阐明在各种剂量下与对照品(载体)及(20S)-2-亚甲基-19-去甲-1α,25-二羟基维生素D3(2MD)相比的2-[(3′-甲氧基甲氧基)亚丙基]-19-去甲-1α,25-(OH)2D3(F-Wit)、2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-1α,25-(OH)2D3的E-异构体(1AGR)、以及2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-(20S)-1α,25-(OH)2D3的E-异构体(1AGS)的肠内钙转运活性的柱状图;
图6为阐明在各种剂量下与对照品(载体)及(20S)-2-亚甲基-19-去甲-1α,25-二羟基维生素D3(2MD)相比的2-[(3′-甲氧基甲氧基)亚丙基]-19-去甲-1α,25-(OH)2D3(F-Wit)、2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-1α,25-(OH)2D3的E-异构体(1AGR)、以及2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-(20S)-1α,25-(OH)2D3的E-异构体(1AGS)的骨钙动员活性的柱状图。
具体实施方式
在说明书及权利要求书中所使用的术语“羟基保护基”表示通常用于暂时保护羟基官能团的任意基团,如烷氧基羰基、酰基、烷基甲硅烷基或烷基芳基甲硅烷基(下文简称为“甲硅烷基”)以及烷氧基烷基。烷氧基羰基保护基为烷基-O-CO-基团如甲氧基羰基、乙氧基羰基、丙氧基羰基、异丙氧基羰基、丁氧基羰基、异丁氧基羰基、叔-丁氧基羰基、苄氧基羰基或烯丙氧基羰基。术语“酰基”表示1至6个碳的烷酰基,包括它们的所有同分异构体形式,或者1至6个碳的羧烷酰基,如草酰基、丙二酰基、琥珀酰基、戊二酰基,或者芳香酰基如苯甲酰基,或卤素、硝基或烷基取代苯甲酰基。说明书及权利要求书中所使用的词语“烷基”表示1至10个碳的直链或支链烷基,包括它们的所有同分异构体形式。烷氧基烷基保护基为诸如甲氧基甲基、乙氧基甲基、甲氧基乙氧基甲基、或四氢呋喃基与四氢吡喃基的基团。优选的甲硅烷基保护基为三甲基甲硅烷基、三乙基甲硅烷基、叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基、二丁基甲基甲硅烷基、二苯基甲基甲硅烷基、苯基二甲基甲硅烷基、二苯基-叔丁基甲硅烷基以及类似的烷基化的甲硅烷基。术语“芳基”指苯基,或烷基、硝基或卤素取代的苯基。
如上述定义,“被保护的羟基”是指通过任意上述通常用于暂时性或永久性保护羟基官能团的基团如甲硅烷基、烷氧基烷基、酰基或烷氧基羰基所衍生或保护的羟基。术语“羟基烷基”、“氘代烷基”、“氟代烷基”是指分别由一个或多个羟基、氘或氟取代的烷基。
本说明书中应注意的是,术语“24-高”是指在侧链的碳24位增加一个亚甲基,而术语“24-双高”是指在侧链的碳24位增加两个亚甲基。同样地,术语“三高”是指增加三个亚甲基。同样,术语“26,27-二甲基”是指在碳26与27位各增加一个甲基从而例如R3与R4为乙基。同样地,术语“26,27-二乙基”是指在碳26与27位各增加一个乙基从而R3与R4为丙基。
在下列不饱和侧链与饱和侧链化合物的列表中,如果连到碳20位的甲基处于表位或非天然构型,术语“20(S)”或“20-表”应包括于每个下列所列举的化合物中。同样,如果该侧链在20、22或23任一位置包含氧原子取代,则术语“20-氧杂”、“22-氧杂”或“23-氧杂”应分别加入所列举的化合物中。若需要,所列举化合物也可为维生素D2类型。
当其侧链为不饱和时,结构式I的2-亚丙基-19-去甲维生素D化合物的具体并优选的实例为:
2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-1α-羟基-22-去氢维生素D3;
2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-25-羟基-22-去氢维生素D3;
2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-1α,25-二羟基-22-去氢维生素D3;
2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-24-高-1,25-二羟基-22-去氢维生素D3;
2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-24-双高-1,25-二羟基-22-去氢维生素D3;
2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-24-三高-1,25-二羟基-22-去氢维生素D3;
2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-26,27-二甲基-24-高-1,25-二羟基-22-去氢维生素D3;
2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-26,27-二甲基-24-双高-1,25-二羟基-22-去氢维生素D3;
2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-26,27-二甲基-24-三高-1,25-二羟基-22-去氢维生素D3;
2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-26,27-二乙基-24-高-1,25-二羟基-22-去氢维生素D3;
2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-26,27-二乙基-24-双高-1,25-二羟基-22-去氢维生素D3;
2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-26,27-二乙基-24-三高-1,25-二羟基-22-去氢维生素D3;
2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-26,27-二丙基-24-高-1,25-二羟基-22-去氢维生素D3;
2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-26,27-二丙基-24-双高-1,25-二羟基-22-去氢维生素D3;以及
2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-26,27-二丙基-24-三高-1,25-二羟基-22-去氢维生素D3。
对于上述不饱和化合物而言,应注意位于侧链22与23位碳原子之间的双键可为(E)构型或(Z)构型。因此,视其构型而定,术语“22,23(E)”或“22,23(Z)”可包含于上述各个所列举的化合物中。同样,通常将位于22与23位碳原子之间的双键标记为“Δ22”。因而,例如以上所列举的第四种化合物可写成2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-24-高-22,23(E)-Δ22-1,25-(OH)2D3,其中双键为(E)构型。类似地,如果连接到碳20位的甲基为非天然构型,则该化合物可写成2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-20(S)-24-高-22,23(E)-Δ22-1,25-(OH)2D3。
当其侧链为饱和时,结构式I的2-亚丙基-19-去甲维生素D化合物的具体并优选的实例为:
2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-1α-羟基维生素D3;
2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-25-羟基维生素D3;
2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-1α,25-二羟基维生素D3;
2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-24-高-1,25-二羟基维生素D3;
2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-24-双高-1,25-二羟基维生素D3;
2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-24-三高-1,25-二羟基维生素D3;
2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-26,27-二甲基-24-高-1,25-二羟基维生素D3;
2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-26,27-二甲基-24-双高-1,25-二羟基维生素D3;
2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-26,27-二甲基-24-三高-1,25-二羟基维生素D3;
2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-26,27-二乙基-24-高-1,25-二羟基维生素D3;
2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-26,27-二乙基-24-双高-1,25-二羟基维生素D3;
2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-26,27-二乙基-24-三高-1,25-二羟基维生素D3;
2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-26,27-二丙基-24-高-1,25-二羟基维生素D3;
2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-26,27-二丙基-24-双高-1,25-二羟基维生素D3;
2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-26,27-二丙基-24-三高-1,25-二羟基维生素D3;
基本结构式I的C-2位含被取代的亚丙基部分的1α-羟基-19-去甲维生素D化合物的制备可通过普通的常规方法实现,即双环Windaus-Grundmann类酮II与烯丙基氧化膦III缩合生成相应的羟基被保护的维生素D类似物IV,接着在C-1及C-3位脱保护。
在结构II及III中,基团Y1、Y2、X及R代表上述定义的基团;Y1、Y2及X优选为羟基保护基,也应理解为R上任何可能敏感、或干扰缩合反应的官能团都如本领域所熟知地加以适当的保护。上述过程表现了汇集合成概念的应用,其已经有效用于维生素D化合物的制备(如Lythgoe等,J.Chem.Soc.Perkin Trans.I,590(1978);Lythgoe,Chem.Soc.Rev.9,449(1983);Toh等,J.Org.Chem.48,1414(1983);Baggiolini等,J.Org.Chem.51,3098(1986);Sardina等,J.Org.Chem.51,1264(1986);J.Org.Chem.51,1269(1986);DeLuca等,美国专利No.5,086,191;DeLuca等,美国专利No.5,536,713)。
通式II的茚烷酮(Hydrindanone)为已知,或者可通过已知的方法制备。该已知双环酮特别重要的具体实例为含上述侧链(a)、(b)、(c)及(d)的结构,即25-羟基Grundmann′s酮(e)[Baggiolini等,J.Org.Chem,51,3098(1986)];Grundmann′s酮(f)[Inhoffen等,Chem.Ber.90,664(1957)];25-羟基Windaus酮(g)[Baggiolini等,J.Org.Chem.,51,3098(1986)]以及Windaus酮(h)[Windaus等,Ann.,524,297(1936)]:
如前所述,已开发出一种新的合成路线用于制备所需的通式III的氧化膦,该路线是以从商品名(1R,3R,4S,5R)-(-)-奎尼酸得到的双环内酯1开始的[Hanessian等,J.Org.Chem.62,465(1997)]。路线图1概括了将起始的内酯1转化为所需的A-环合成子的全部转化过程。如此,1的两个仲羟基之一(C-3位的平伏羟基)被选择性地以叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基醚(TBDMS)保护,之后另一个羟基用Dess-Martin过碘烷(periodinane)试剂氧化另一羟基生成4-酮3。该叔-1-羟基经乙酰化并使所得的乙酰氧基酮4与由适当的鏻盐生成的内鎓盐发生Wittig反应。对用于该目的的鏻盐的选择应考虑到最终的19-去甲维生素D的结构。如果试图合成带有在末端碳原子上由某些非羟基的官能基取代的2-亚丙基部分的19-去甲维生素D类似物时,可能需要将该亚丙基片段引入到酮类化合物4的碳4位。这种状况在如实施例I的试验部分得以例证,所述实施例I中描述了1α,25-二羟基-2-[3’-(甲氧基甲氧基)-亚丙基]-19-去甲维生素D3(21)的合成。在试图合成1α,25-二羟基-2-(3’-羟基亚甲基)-19-去甲维生素D类似物的情况下,可能需要将该被保护的3-羟基亚丙基片段连接到化合物4的碳4位。这种状况在如实施例II的试验部分得以例证,所述实施例II中描述了1α,25-二羟基-2-[3’-羟基亚丙基]-19-去甲维生素D3(24a,b)的E和Z几何异构体以及其相应的20S-对映体的E和Z的几何异构体(25a,b)的合成。用于这些过程中的鏻盐A及B是由3-溴-1-丙醇制备而成。如此,在第一步合成中,酮内酯4与由溴化鏻及正丁基锂生成的内鎓盐的Wittig反应可生成两种同分异构的烯类化合物5a及5b,其比例约为5∶1。用硼氢化钠或其它适当的还原剂(如氢化铝锂)同时还原主要化合物5a的内酯环及乙酰氧基生成三元醇7(路线图II),该醇随后经高碘酸钠氧化生成环己酮衍生物9。该方法的下一步包括将仲羟基保护为TBDMS醚以及随后酮11与甲基(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙酸酯发生Peterson反应。所得的烯丙基酯13a与13b(异构体比例约7∶1)的混合物经DIBALH或其它适当的还原剂(如氢化铝锂)处理,并将所得的烯丙基醇15a与15b随后转化为所需的A-环氧化膦17a及17b。该最终转化包括3步,即,用正丁基锂及对甲苯磺酰氯原位进行甲苯磺酰基化,接着与二苯基膦锂盐反应并用过氧化氢氧化。或者,在第二步合成中酮内酯4与由溴化鏻产生的内鎓盐实施Wittig反应并且产生同分异构的烯烃6a及6b,其比例为约3∶2。还原与高碘酸盐氧化接着甲硅烷基化生成相应的酮类化合物12。之后的Peterson反应生成烯丙基酯14a及14b(异构体比例为约6∶1)的混合物,它们分别转化为氧化膦18a及18b。
若干2-亚甲基-19-去甲维生素D化合物可使用A环合成子17a、17b与18a、18b以及适当的含所需侧链结构的Windaus-Grundmann酮来合成。因此,如由17a与苯基锂产生的膦氧基锂碳负离子(lithermphosphinoxy carbanion)与根据发表的程序[Sicinski等,J.Med.Chem.37,3730(1994)]制备的25-羟基被保护的Grundmann’s酮19a进行Wittig-Horner偶联(路线图III),得到所需的被保护的维生素化合物20。在以四丁基氟化铵脱保护该化合物后获得1α,25-二羟基-2-[3’-(甲氧基甲氧基)-亚丙基]-19-去甲维生素D3(21)。或者,由18a、18b和苯基锂产生的阴离子与25-羟基被保护的Grundmann’s酮19a发生Wittig-Horner反应,在羟基脱保护后得到所需的1α,25-二羟基-2-(3’-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲维生素D3的E-及Z-异构体(24a,b),而氧化膦18a、18b与(20S)-Grundmann’s酮衍生物19b的偶联反应以及之后的水解反应导致生成相应的(20S)-1α,25-二羟基-2-(3’-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲维生素D3的E-及Z-异构体(25a,b)。
如上所述,其它19-去甲维生素D类似物可根据此处揭示的方法合成。
本发明通过下列例证性的实施例来描述。在这些实施例中,以阿拉伯数字(如1、2、3等)标记的具体产物是指前述说明以及路线图I、路线图II以及路线图III中所标记的具体结构。
实施例
化学.熔点(未校正)由Thomas-Hoover毛细管熔点仪测定。紫外吸收光谱由Perkin-Elmer Lambda 3B UV-VIS分光光度计在乙醇中记录。1H核磁共振(NMR)光谱用Bruker Instruments DMX-400和DMX-500 Avance控制台光谱仪在氘代氯仿(deteriochloroform)中于400和500MHz下记录。13C核磁共振(NMR)光谱用Bruker InstrumentsDMX-500 Avance控制台光谱仪在氘代氯仿中于125MHz下记录。化学位移(δ)从内标Me4Si(δ0.00)向低场记录。电子轰击(EI)质谱使用Micromass AutoSpec(Beverly,MA)仪器获得。高效液相色谱(HPLC)在配备有6000A型溶剂传输系统、U6K型Universal注射器及486型可调吸收检测器的Waters Associates液相上进行。THF在使用前由苯甲酮羰游基钠在氩气下新蒸馏。
实施例1
1α,25-二羟基-2-[(3′-甲氧基甲氧基)亚丙基]-19-去甲维生素D3的制备
如之前所述,首先参考路线图I,起始的双环内酯1可从商品(-)-奎尼酸获得[Hanessian等,J.Org.Chem.62,465(1997)]。
(a)内酯1中3-羟基的保护
(1R,3R,4S,5R)-1,4-二羟基-3-[(叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基]-6-氧杂-双环[3.2.1]辛烷-7-酮(2)。0℃下向搅拌的内酯1(1.80g,10.34mmol)与咪唑(2.63g,38.2mmol)在无水DMF中的溶液内加入叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基氯(1.80g,11.9mmol)。将混合物在0℃下搅拌30分钟,在室温下搅拌1h,倒入水中用乙酸乙酯和乙醚萃取。有机层用水洗若干次、干燥(MgSO4)、蒸发得到无色结晶残余物,该残余物以己烷/乙酸乙酯重结晶得到2.12g纯的2。母液经蒸发并用快速色谱(flash chromatography)纯化。用己烷/乙酸乙酯(8∶2)洗脱得到额外量的结晶单醚2(0.14g,总收率76%)以及一定量的结晶的同质异构的(3-OH,4-OTBDMS)醚(0.10g,3%)。2:熔点90-94℃(己烷);[α]24 D-44°(c1.00CHCl3);1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ0.095(6H,s,2×SiCH3),0.901(9H,s,Si-t-Bu),ca.2.0(2H,br m,2α-与2β-H),2.29(1H,ddd,J=11.6,6.0,2.6Hz,8β-H),2.63(1H,d,J=11.6Hz,8α-H),3.89(1H,ddd,J=10.4,7.0,4.5Hz,3β-H),3.98(1H,t,J=4.6Hz,4β-H),4.88(1H,dd,J=6.0,4.8Hz,5α-H);13C NMR(125MHz)δ-5.0(Si-CH3),-4.7(Si-CH3),17.9[C(CH3)3],25.6[C(CH3)3],36.4(C8),40.2(C2),65.8(C4),67.0(C3),71.9(C1),76.3(C5),177.9(C=O),MS(EI)m/z(相对丰度)288(M+,1),231(41),213(21),185(85),75(100);HRMS(ESI),精确质量计算为C13H24O5SiNa(M++Na)311.1291,测量值311.1287;C13H24O5Si元素分析计算值:C,54.14,H,8.39.测得值:C,53.94,H,8.36。
(b)二羟基内酯2中4-羟基的氧化。
(1R,3R,5R)-3-[(叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基]-1-羟基-6-氧杂-双环[3.2.1]辛烷-4,7-二酮(3)。向搅拌的Dess-Martin过碘烷试剂(6.60g,15.5mmol)的无水CH2Cl2(100mL)混悬液中加入化合物2(3.86g,13.4mmol)。将该混合物于室温下搅拌18h,倒入水中用乙酸乙酯萃取。有机层用水洗若干次、干燥(MgSO4)、蒸发得到油状残余物,该残余物通过冷却缓慢结晶(3.67g,95%)。TLC显示得到高纯度的酮3,它无需进一步纯化即用于下一步中。通过己烷重结晶得到分析用样品。3:熔点92-95℃;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ0.040与0.133(3H和3H,各为s,2x SiCH3),0.895(9H,s,Si-t-Bu),2.15(1H,dd,J=12.4,10,4Hz,2.42(1H,d,J=12.5Hz,8α-H),2.54(1H,ddd,J=12.4,9.0,3.9Hz,2β-H),2.86(1H,ddd,J=12.5,6.7,3.9Hz,8β-H),4.54(1H,dd,J=10.4,9.0Hz,3β-H),4.73(1H,d,J=6.7Hz,5α-H);13CNMR(125MHz)-5.6(Si-CH3),-4.8(Si-CH3),18.2[C(CH3)3],25.6[C(CH3)3],42.3(C8),43.0(C2),70.3(C3),71.8(C1),78.7(C5),177.1(C=O),202.4(C4);MS(EI)m/z(相对丰度)无M+,271(M+-CH3,4),229(92),201(28),157(100);HRMS(ESI)C9H13O5Si(M+-t-Bu)精确质量计算值229.0532,测量值229.0539;C13H22O5Si x H2O元素分析计算值:C,51.29,H,7.95.测得值:C,51.09,H,7.90.
(c)羟基酮3中1-羟基的乙酰化
(1R,3R,5R)-1-乙酰氧基-3-[(叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基]-6-氧杂-双环[3.2.1]辛烷-4,7-二酮(4)。将羟基酮3(1.64g,5.8mmol)的无水吡啶(12mL)和乙酸酐(5.5mL)的溶液在室温下搅拌3h。然后倒入水中并用乙酸乙酯萃取。有机层经饱和NaHCO3、饱和CuSO4及水洗涤、干燥(MgSO4)、蒸发得到油状残余物,该残余物溶于己烷/乙酸乙酯(8∶2)并通过短硅胶过滤。蒸发溶剂得到纯的结晶醋酸酯4(1.51g,81%)。通过用己烷/乙酸乙酯重结晶得到分析用样品。4:熔点134-7℃;[α]24 D-78°(c 1.00CHCl3);1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ0.046和0.141(3H和3H,各为s,2x SiCH3),0.901(9H,s,Si-t-Bu),2.17(3H,s,CH3CO),2.28(1H,dd,J=12.2,10.4Hz,2.32(1H,d,J=12.1Hz,8α-H),2.65(1H,ddd,J=12.2,8.8,3.9Hz,2β-H),3.56(1H,ddd,J=12.1,6.9,3.9Hz,8β-H),4.58(1H,dd,J=10.4,8.8Hz,3β-H),4.80(1H,d,J=6.9Hz,5α-H);13C NMR(125MHz)δ-5.8(Si-CH3),-4.9(Si-CH3),18.2[C(CH3)3],20.9(CH3-C=O),25.6[C(CH3)3],38.3(C8),40.3(C2),70.4(C3),75.3(C1),78.4(C5),169.1(CH3-C=O),171.5(C=O),201.8(C4);MS(EI)m/z(相对丰度)328(M+,6),271(100),256(38),229(54),211(53);HRMS(ESI)C11H15O6Si(M+-t-Bu)精确质量计算值271.0638,测量值:271.0646;C15H24O6Si元素分析计算值:C,54.86,H,7.37.测得值:C,54.88,H,7.37.
(d)溴化鏻A的制备
[3-(甲氧基甲氧基)丙基]三苯基溴化鏻(A)。向0℃下的溴甲基甲基醚(1.3mL,16mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙胺(4.5mL,27.7mmol)的无水CH2Cl2(50mL)溶液中加入3-溴-1-丙醇(1.0mL,11mmol),并将该混合物在0℃下搅拌1h、在室温下搅拌20h。将反应混合物倒入1N HCl(150mL)中,分离有机相,将水相用CH2Cl2萃取。合并的有机相经水洗涤、NaHCO3稀释、干燥(MgSO4)并蒸发得到浅黄色油状物。将该残余物用快速色谱纯化。用己烷/乙酸乙酯(95∶5)洗脱得到纯的油状1-溴-3-(甲氧基甲氧基)丙烷(1.12g,55%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ2.13(2H,m,CH2-CH 2-CH2),3.37(3H,s,O-CH3),3.53(2H,br t,J=6.5Hz,Br-CH2),3.67(2H,br t,J=5.8Hz,CH2-CH 2-O),4.63(2H,s,O-CH2-O).
在氩气、搅拌下向1-溴-3-(甲氧基甲氧基)丙烷(0.46g,2.5mmol)的无水甲苯(1.5mL)溶液中加入三苯基膦(triphenylphoshine)(0.71g,2.7mmol)。将该混合物于100℃下加热20h,然后冷却至室温。倒出液体后固体残余物用抹刀刮出(grounded)、过滤,用乙醚洗涤若干次。在真空干燥器中干燥过夜后得到无色的鏻盐结晶A(0.98g,88%),它可以不经进一步纯化而用于Wittig反应。A:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ1.96(2H,m,CH2-CH 2-CH2),3.31(3H,s,O-CH3),3.85(2H,br t,J=5.6Hz,CH2-CH 2-O),4.00(2H,m,P-CH2),4.60(2H,s,O-CH2-O),7.70,7.79和7.86(6H,3H和6H,各为m,Ar-H);C23H26O2PBr元素分析计算值:C,62.03,H,5.88,Br,17.94.测得值:C,61.87,H,5.77,Br,17.89.
(e)4-酮4与由A衍生的内鎓盐的Wittig反应
[(E)-和(Z)-(1R,3R,5R)-1-乙酰氧基-3-[(叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基]-6-氧杂-4-[3’-(甲氧基甲氧基)亚丙基]双环[3.2.1]辛烷-7-酮(5a和5b)。氩气下、0℃、边搅拌边向溴化鏻A(420mg,0.94mmol)的无水THF(5mL)溶液中滴加n-BuLi(1.6M的己烷溶液,1.12mL,1.8mmol)。5分钟后加入另一部分A(420mg,0.94mmol),将该溶液在0℃下搅拌10分钟然后室温下搅拌20分钟。将该橙红色混合物冷却至-78℃,然后分成2等份(间隔30分钟)虹吸至内酯酮4(300mg,0.91mmol)的无水THF(8mL)溶液中。反应混合物于-78℃搅拌并通过加入含1%HCl的盐水来终止反应(加入第一份Wittig试剂后3h)。加入乙酸乙酯(9mL)、苯(6mL)、乙醚(3mL)、饱和NaHCO3(3mL)和水(3ml),混合物在室温下剧烈搅拌18h。之后有机相经分离、盐水洗涤、干燥(MgSO4)并蒸发。油状残余物(主要包括比例为5∶1的同分异构体5a和5b)经硅胶快速色谱分离。用己烷/乙酸乙酯(85∶15)洗脱使产物部分分离:29mg的5b、5a与5b的混合物(85mg)以及纯的5a(176mg;总收率77%)。混合部分经二次色谱分离得到几乎完全分离的产物。5a:[α]24 D-63°(c 0.60CHCl3);1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ0.074(6H,s,2x SiCH3),0.914(9H,s,Si-t-Bu),2.13(3H,s,OCH3),2.00(1H,br t,J=11.2,Hz,2α-H),2.10(1H,d,J=10.8Hz,8α-H),2.34(1H,ddd,J=11.7,7.0,2.9Hz,2β-H),2.38和2.43(1H和1H,各为m,=C-CH2),3.31(1H,ddd,J=10.8,6.5,2.9Hz,8β-H),3.35(3H,s,O-CH3),3.54和3.60(1H和1H,各为m,CH2-CH 2-O),4.41(1H,t,J=8.2Hz,3-H),4.60(2H,s,O-CH2-O),5.52(1H,d,J=6.5Hz,5-H),5.71(1H,br t,J=7.1Hz,=CH);13C NMR(125MHz)-5.1(Si-CH3),-4.9(Si-CH3),18.1[C(CH3)3],21.1 CH3-C=O),25.7[C(CH3)3],27.5(CH2-CH 2-C=),40.5(C8),41.5(C2),55.2(O-CH3),66.7(O-CH2-CH2),66.8(C3),77.1(C1),73.9(C5),96.3(O-CH2-O),121.9(=C-CH2),136.8(C4),169.1(CH3-C=O),172.9(C=O);MS(EI)m/z(相对丰度),无M+,383(M+-OCH3,3),357(10),325(44),297(12),267(15),265(40),237(89),75(100);HRMS(ESI)C20H34O7SiNa(M++Na)精确质量计算值437.1972,测量值:437.1975.
5b:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ0.108和0.125(3H和3H,各为s,2x SiCH3),0.912(9H,s,Si-t-Bu),2.13(3H,s,OCH3),2.15(1H,dd,J=12.6,8.3Hz,2α-H),2.31(1H,d,J=10.8Hz,8α-H),2.33(1H,2-H与8α-H重叠),2.67和2.73(1H和1H,各为m,=C-CH2),3.25(1H,ddd,J=10.8,6.3,2.8Hz,8β-H),3.36(3H,s,O-CH3),3.55(2H,m,CH2-CH 2-O),4.61(2H,s,O-CH2-O),4.71(1H,br t,J~7Hz,3β-H),4.94(1H,d,J=6.3Hz,5α-H),5.64(1H,dt,J=1.7,7.1Hz,=CH);13C NMR(125MHz)δ-4.6(Si-CH3),-4.5(Si-CH3),17.9[C(CH3)3],21.1(CH3-C=O),25.7[C(CH3)3],27.8(CH2-CH 2-C=),38.9(C8),41.2(C2),55.3(O-CH3),67.1(O-CH2-CH2),67.2(C3),77.1(C1),81.8(C5),96.4(O-CH2-O),128.9(=C-CH2),134.8(C4),169.1(CH3-C=O),173.0(C=O);MS(EI)m/z(相对丰度),无M+,383(M+-OCH3,2),357(2),325(22),297(17),267(35),265(14),237(96),75(100);HRMS(ESI)C20H34O7SiNa(M++Na)精确质量计算值:437.1972,测量值:437.1974.
(f)乙酰氧基内酯5a的还原(路线图II)
[(E)-(1’R,3’R,5’R)-3-[(叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基]-1’,5-二羟基-4’-[3”-(甲氧基甲氧基)亚丙基]环己基]甲醇(7)。(a)0℃下向化合物5a(165mg,0.40mmol)的无水乙醇(5mL)搅拌溶液中加入NaBH4(151mg,4.0mmol),并将该混合物于0℃搅拌1h,然后于6℃搅拌10h,室温下搅拌2h。加入饱和的NH4Cl,混合物倒入盐水中,用乙醚和二氯甲烷萃取若干次。萃取物用盐水洗涤、合并、干燥(MgSO4)并蒸发。油状残余物经快速色谱纯化。用己烷/乙酸乙酯(2∶8)洗脱得到纯的无色油状的三醇7(115mg,79%)。7:[α]24 D-59°(c 1.40CHCl3);1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ0.087和0.110(3H和3H,各为s,2x SiCH3),0.895(9H,s,Si-t-Bu),1.66(1H,dd,J=13.0,9.1Hz,6β-H),1.69(1H,dd,J=13.8,3.1Hz,2β-H),1.84(1H,s,OH),1.96(1H,ddd,J=13.8,5.0,1.7Hz,2α-H),2.04(1H,ddd,J=13.0,4.6,1.7Hz,6α-H),2.54(1H,s,OH),2.63(2H,m,=C-CH2),3.34(3H,s,O-CH3),3.39和3.50(1H和1H,D2O后:各为d,J=11.0Hz,CH 2-OH),3.50(1H,s,OH),3.58(2H,m,CH2-CH 2-O),4.19(1H,s,OH),4.47(1H,m,w/2=10Hz,3β-H),4.63(2H,s,-O-CH2-O),4.89(1H,m;D2O后:dd,J=9.1,4.6Hz,5α-H),5.51(1H,t,J=8.3Hz,=CH);13C NMR(125MHz)δ-5.2(Si-CH3),-4.7(Si-CH3),18.0[C(CH3)3],25.7[C(CH3)3],27.2(CH2-CH 2-C=),41.3(C2),44.1(C6),55.4(O-CH3),66.4(C5),66.7(O-CH2-CH2),70.3(CH2-OH),73.7(C1),75.9(C3),96.4(O-CH2-O),122.0(=C-CH2),144.2(C4);MS(EI)m/z(相对丰度),无M+,358(M+-H2O,2),327(3),297(3),239(17),75(100);HRMS(ESI)C18H36O6SiNa(M++Na)精确质量计算值:399.2179,测量值:399.2198.
(b)0℃下向化合物5a(186mg,0.45mmol)的无水THF(17mL)溶液中加入LiAlH4(128mg,3.42mmol)并将该混合物于0℃搅拌1h、室温搅拌3h。混合物小心倒入饱和的Na2SO4溶液中、用乙酸乙酯和乙醚萃取若干次。有机层经盐水洗涤、干燥(MgSO4)并蒸发。油状残余物经快速色谱纯化。用己烷/乙酸乙酯(2∶8)洗脱得到纯的无色油状的三醇8(100mg,59%)。
(g)邻二醇7的断裂
[(E)-(3R,5R)-3-[(叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基]-5-羟基-4-[3’-(甲氧基甲氧基)亚丙基]]环己酮(9)。0℃下将用高碘酸钠饱和的水(1.2mL)加入到三醇7(79mg,0.21mmol)的甲醇溶液(5mL)中。该溶液于0℃搅拌1h,倒入盐水中,用乙酸乙酯和乙醚萃取。萃取物用盐水洗涤、干燥(MgSO4)、蒸发。油状残余物用己烷/CH2Cl2重新溶解并通过Sep-Pak小柱。用己烷/乙酸乙酯(7∶3)洗脱得到油状在冰箱中缓慢结晶的纯羟基酮9(64mg,88%)。9:[α]24 D+41°(c 1.45CHCl3);1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ0.048和0.076(3H和3H,各为s,2x SiCH3),0.863(9H,s,Si-t-Bu),2.34(1H,m,=C-CH2之一),2.50(1H,dd,J=16.0,6.0Hz,2α-H),2.62(1H,m,dd,J=16.1,3.2Hz,6-H之一),2.65(1H,m,=C-CH2),2.70(1H,dd,J=16.0,3.4Hz,2β-H),2.75(1H,dd,J=16.1,3.4Hz,6-H之一),3.33(3H,s,O-CH3),3.53和3.74(1H和1H,各为m,CH2-CH 2-O),4.62(3H,br m,3-H和O-CH2-O),4.95(1H,t,J~3.3Hz,5α-H),5.73(1H,dd,J=10.2,6.3Hz,=CH);13C NMR(125MHz)δ-4.9(Si-CH3),-4.7(Si-CH3),18.0[C(CH3)3],25.6[C(CH3)3],28.0(CH2-CH 2-C=),45.3(C2),48.3(C6),55.4(O-CH3),63.1(C5),65.7(O-CH2-CH2),70.3(C3),96.3(O-CH2-O),126.7(=C-CH2),142.5(C4),208.7(C1);MS m/z(相对丰度),无M+,313(M+-OCH3,3),287(15),269(7),255(21),237(11),227(68),225(91),213(17),195(57),75(100);HRMS(ESI)C13H21O5Si(M+-t-Bu)精确质量计算为:287.1315,测量值:287.1312.
(h)羟基酮9中5-羟基的保护。
[(3R,5R)-3,5-双[(叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基]-4-[3’-(甲氧基甲氧基)亚丙基]环己酮(11)。-50℃下向羟基酮9(40mg,117μmol)的无水CH2Cl2(0.4mL)溶液中加入2,6-二甲基吡啶(32μL,274μmol)和叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸(t-butyldimethylsilyl triflate)(56μL,240μmol)。该混合物于-50℃搅拌5分钟,然后升温至-15℃并在该温度下又搅拌30分钟。加入苯和水并将该混合物倒入水中,用苯萃取。萃取物用饱和CuSO4和水洗涤、干燥(MgSO4)并蒸发。油状残余物重新溶于己烷并经硅胶快速色谱纯化。用己烷/乙酸乙酯(95∶5)洗脱得到无色油状的纯的被保护的酮11(30mg,57%;基于回收的底物计算为66%)以及未反应的9(6mg)。11:[α]24 D-26°(c0.30CHCl3);1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ0.019和0.065(3H和9H,各为s,4x SiCH3),0.838和0.912(9H和9H,各为s,2x Si-t-Bu),2.32(1H,dd,J=14.1,10.4Hz,2α-H),2.45(3H,br m,=C-CH2和6α-H),2.53(1H,ddd,J=14.4,3.2,2.1Hz,6β-H),2.75(1H,ddd,J=14.1,5.6,2.1Hz,2β-H),3.36(3H,s,O-CH3),3.58(2H,m,CH2-CH 2-O),4.62(2H,s,O-CH2-O),4.75(1H,ddd,J=10.4,5.6,1.4Hz,3β-H),5.01(1H,t,J~3.2Hz,5α-H),5.70(1H,dt,J=1.7,7.8Hz,=CH);13C NMR(125MHz)δ-5.08(Si-CH3),-5.06(Si-CH3),-5.05(Si-CH3),-5.00(Si-CH3),17.9[C(CH3)3],25.5[C(CH3)3],27.7(CH2-CH 2-C=),50.2(C6),52.4(C2),55.2(O-CH3),65.8(C3),67.1(O-CH2-CH2),67.8(C5),96.4(O-CH2-O),118.5(=C-CH2),141.5(C4),207.5(C1);MS(EI)m/z(相对丰度)443(M++H,2),427(M+-CH3,5),401(55),371(15),339(20),75(100);C12H43O4Si2(M+-CH3)精确质量计算值:427.2700,测量值:427.2701.
烯丙基酯13a和13b的制备
[(E)-和(Z)-(3’R,5’R)-3’,5’-双[(叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基]-4’-[3”-(甲氧基甲氧基)亚丙基]环亚己基]乙酸甲酯(13a和13b)。氩气-78℃搅拌下向二异丙胺(25μL,0.18mmol)的无水THF(0.15mL)溶液中加入n-BuLi(2.5M的己烷溶液,72μL,0.18mmol)中,然后加入甲基(三甲基甲硅烷基)醋酸酯(30μL,0.18mmol)。15分钟后加入酮11(38.4mg,84μmol)的无水THF(0.2mL)溶液。该溶液在-78℃下额外搅拌2h,反应混合物用湿乙醚淬灭,倒入盐水中,用乙醚和苯萃取。合并的萃取物经盐水洗涤、干燥(MgSO4)、蒸发。油状残余物重新溶于己烷并通过Sep-Pak小柱。用己烷/乙酸乙酯(97∶3)洗脱得到纯的烯丙基酯13a和13b(37.2mg,86%;异构体比率13a∶13b=约7∶1)。通过HPLC(10mm x 25cm Zorbax-Sil柱,4mL/min)使用己烷/乙酸乙酯(95∶5)溶剂系统实现产品的分离。纯化合物13a和13b分别在保留体积41mL及44mL处作为无色油状物得以洗脱。13a:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ-0.006,0.056,0.078,0.107(各为3H,各为s,4x SiCH3),0.832和0.923(9H和9H,各为s,2x Si-t-Bu),1.87(1H,t,J=11.8Hz,2α-H),2.28(1H,br d,J=13.2Hz,6α-H),2.34(1H,br d,J=13.2Hz,2.42(2H,q,J~7Hz,=C-CH2),3.36(3H,s,CH2-O-CH 3),3.55(2H,m,CH2-CH 2-O),3.70(3H,s,CO-O-CH3),4.14(1H,dd,J=12.8,3.8Hz,2β-H),4.45(1H,br m,3β-H),4.62(2H,s,O-CH2-O),4.88(1H,narr m,5α-H),5.55(1H,br t,J=7.5Hz,=CH-CH2),5.65(1H,br s,=CH-CO);MS(EI)m/z(相对丰度)无M+,499(M+-CH3,2),482(11),469(31),457(65),425(63),351(70),293(76),89(100);HRMS(ESI)C26H50O6Si2Na精确质量计算值:537.3044,测量值:537.3018.
13b:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ-0.008,0.048,0.057和0.063(各为3H,各为s,4x SiCH3),0.804和0.915(9H和9H,各为s,2x Si-t-Bu),1.95(1H,br d,J=13.8Hz,2β-H),2.17(1H,t,J~11.6Hz,2.42(2H,m,=C-CH2),2.55(1H,ddd,J~12.4,~5.0,~1.2Hz,6α-H),3.36(3H,s,CH2-O-CH 3),3.55(2H,m,CH2-CH 2-O),3.67(3H,s,CO-O-CH3),3.96(1H,br d,J=13.8Hz,2α-H),4.51(1H,br m,5α-H),4.62(2H,s,O-CH2-O),4.89(1H,narr m,3β-H),5.50(1H,br t,J=7.5Hz,=CH-CH2),5.80(1H,br s,=CH-CO);MS m/z(相对丰度):无M+,499(M+-CH3,4),482(14),469(34),457(82),425(69),351(58),293(59),89(100);HRMS(ESI)C26H50O6Si2Na精确质量计算值:537.3044,测量值:537.3053.
(j)烯丙基酯13a和13b的还原
2-[(E)-和(Z)-(3’R,5’R)-3’,5’-双[(叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基]-4’-[3”-(甲氧基甲氧基)亚丙基]环亚己基]乙醇(15a和15b)。在氩气-78℃下将二异丁基氢化铝(1.0M的甲苯溶液,0.35mL,0.35mmol)缓慢加入至烯丙基酯13a和13b(37.2mg,74μmol)的甲苯/二氯甲烷(2∶1,1.5mL)搅拌溶液中。在-78℃继续搅拌1h,混合物通过加入酒石酸钠钾(2N,2mL)、HCl(2N,2mL)和H2O(24mL)来淬灭,然后用乙醚和苯稀释。有机层经稀释的NaHCO3和盐水洗涤、干燥(MgSO4)、蒸发。残余物通过快速色谱纯化。用己烷/乙酸乙酯(95∶5)洗脱使产品部分分离得到:16mg的15a、15a和15b的混合物(15mg)以及纯的15b(3mg;总收率97%)。混合物部分经二次色谱得到几乎完全分离的产品。
15a(主产物):1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ-0.007,0.057,和0.067(3H,6H和3H,各为s,4x SiCH3),0.839和0.916(9H和9H,各为s,2x Si-t-Bu),1.81(1H,t,J=11.7Hz,2α-H),2.17(1H,d,J=13.4Hz,6α-H),2.26(1H,br d,J=13.4Hz,6β-H),2.41(2H,q,J=7Hz,=C-CH 2-CH2),2.86(1H,dd,J=12.5,3.8Hz,2β-H),3.36(3H,s,O-CH3),3.54(2H,m,CH2-CH 2-O),4.38(1H,dd,J=10.6,3.8Hz,3β-H),4.17(2H,t,J~6Hz;D2O后:d,J=6.9Hz,CH 2-OH),4.62(2H,s,O-CH2-O),4.81(1H,narr m,5α-H),5.48(2H,m,2x=CH);MS(EI)m/z(相对丰度)486(M+,3),468(30),454(17),441(32),429(24),423(34),89(100);HRMS(ESI)C25H50O5Si2Na精确质量计算值:509.3095,测量值:509.3111.
15b(微量):1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ0.011,0.054,0.069(3H,3H和6H,各为s,4x SiCH3),0.850和0.917(9H和9H,各为s,2xSi-t-Bu),1.88(1H,br d,J=13.4Hz,2β-H),2.03(1H,t,J=11.4Hz,6β-H),2.42(2H,m,=C-CH2),2.51(1H,ddd,J=12.0,4.8,1.2Hz,6α-H),2.75(1H,br d,J=13.4Hz,2α-H),3.36(3H,s,O-CH3),3.55(2H,m,CH2-CH 2-O),4.02和4.15(1H和1H,各为m;D2O后:各为dd,J=11.8,7.2Hz,CH 2-OH),4.40(1H,br m,5α-H),4.62(2H,s,O-CH2-O),4.90(1H,narr m,3β-H),5.53(1H,br t,J=7.4Hz,=CH-CH2),5.71(1H,t,J=7.2Hz,=CH-CH2-OH);MS(EI)m/z(相对丰度)486(M+,5),468(27),454(11),441(22),429(30),423(29),89(100);HRMS(ESI)C25H50O5Si2Na精确质量计算值:509.3095,测量值:509.3108.
(k)烯丙基醇15a和15b向氧化膦17a和17b的转化
[2-[(E)-和(Z)-(3’R,5’R)-3’,5’-双[(叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基]-4’-[3”-(甲氧基甲氧基)亚丙基]环亚己基]乙基]二苯基氧化膦(17a和17b)。在氩气0℃下边搅拌边向烯丙基醇15a和15b(约7∶1,34mg,70μmol)的无水THF(0.8mL)溶液中加入n-BuLi(2.5M的己烷溶液,28μL,70μmol)中。将新重结晶的甲苯磺酰基氯(14.0mg,73μmol)溶于无水THF(190μL)中,然后加入到烯丙基醇-BuLi溶液中。该混合物在0℃搅拌5分钟,然后于0℃放置。在另一个用氩气将空气置换的干燥烧瓶中,0℃搅拌下将n-BuLi(2.5M的己烷溶液,140μL,0.35mmol)加入到Ph2PH(62μL,0.34mmol)的无水THF(420μL)溶液中。该红色溶液在氩气压力下虹吸至对甲苯磺酸盐/酯(tosylate)溶液中直到橙色持续(约加入1/4的溶液)。得到的混合物在0℃再搅拌40分钟,通过加入H2O(40μl)淬灭反应。减压蒸发溶剂,残余物重新溶于二氯甲烷(1.0mL)中,与10%H2O2(0.5mL)在0℃搅拌1h。有机层经分离,用冷亚硫酸钠水溶液和H2O洗涤、干燥(MgSO4)、蒸发。残余物通过快速色谱。用己烷/乙酸乙酯(85∶15)洗脱得到未反应的烯丙基醇(3.9mg)。随后用苯/乙酸乙酯(7∶3)洗脱使产品部分分离得到:27.6mg的17a,17a和17b的混合物(2mg)以及纯的17b(2mg;总收率68%)。经过HPLC(10mm x 25cm Zorbax-Sil柱,4mL/min)使用己烷/2-丙醇(9∶1)溶剂系统纯化后得到两种异构体的分析用样品。纯的油状化合物17a和17b分别在保留体积41mL和44mL处洗脱。17a:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ-0.031,-0.013,0.017,和0.024(各为3H,各为s,4xSiCH3),0.795和0.899(9H和9H,各为s,2x Si-t-Bu),1.47(1H,brt,J~11Hz,2α-H),2.06(1H,br m,6α-H),2.23(1H,d,J=13.5Hz,6β-H),2.37(2H,q,J=7.0,=C-CH 2-CH2),2.62(1H,dd,J=12.8,4.5Hz,2β-H),3.34(3H,s,O-CH3),3.51(2H,m,CH2-CH 2-O),4.33(1H,dd,J=10.6,4.5Hz,3β-H),3.15(2H,dd,J=15.2,7.6Hz,CH2-PO),4.60(2H,s,O-CH2-O),4.74(1H,narr m,5α-H),5.28(1H,m,=CH-CH2-PO),5.44(1H,t,J~7Hz,=CH-CH2-CH2),7.45,7.52和7.73(4H,2H和4H,各为m,Ar-H);MS(EI)m/z(相对丰度)无M+,613(100),538(9),481(31),449(22);HRMS(ESI)C37H59O5Si2PNa精确质量计算值:693.3536,测量值:693.3506.
17b:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ-0.035,0.018,0.022,和0.030(各为3H,各为s,4x SiCH3),0.822和0.885(9H和9H,各为s,2xSi-t-Bu),1.47(1H,br d,J=12.9Hz,2α-H),1.93(1H,m,6β-H),2.36(2H,q,J=7.2Hz,=C-CH2),2.46(2H,br m,2α-和6α-H),3.03和3.17(1H和1H,各为m,CH2-PO),3.35(3H,s,O-CH3),3.50(2H,m,CH2-CH 2-O),4.36(1H,dd,J=10.6,4.0Hz,5α-H),4.60(2H,s,O-CH2-O),4.75(1H,narr m,3β-H),5.39(1H,m,=CH-CH2-PO),5.44(1H,br t,J=7.3Hz,=CH-CH2),7.4-7.75(10H,br m,Ar-H);MS(EI)m/z(相对丰度)无M+,613(100),538(28),481(90),449(80);HRMS(ESI)C37H59O5Si2PNa精确质量计算值:693.3536,测量值:693.3538.
(l)被保护的25-羟基Grundmann’s的Wittig-Horner偶联反应
1α-[(叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基]-2-[3’-(甲氧基甲氧基)亚丙基]-25-[(三乙基甲硅烷基)氧基]-19-去甲维生素D3叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基醚(20)。在氩气下,边搅拌边向-78℃的氧化膦17a(15.5mg,23μmol)的无水THF(0.25mL)溶液中缓慢加入苯基锂(1.8M的环己烷/乙醚溶液,13μL,23μmol)。该溶液变为深橙色。该混合物在-78℃搅拌20分钟然后缓慢加入根据已发表的工艺制备[Sicinski等,J.Med.Chem.37,3730(1994)]的预冻(-78℃)的被保护羟基酮19a(19mg,48μmol)的无水THF(0.25mL)溶液。该混合物在氩气下于-78℃搅拌3小时并于6℃搅拌16小时。加入乙酸乙酯与水,有机层经盐水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4)并蒸发。残留物溶于己烷,应用Sep-Pak硅胶小柱用己烷/乙酸乙酯(98∶2,10mL)洗脱获得19-去甲维生素衍生物20(9.5mg,48%)。该Sep-Pak小柱之后用己烷/乙酸乙酯(96∶4,10m)洗涤以回收未交换的C,D-环酮19a(10mg),然后用乙酸乙酯(10mL)洗涤以回收二苯基氧化膦17a(1mg)。20:UV(己烷)max244.0,252.5,262.5nm;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ-0.015,0.056,0.061,和0.069(各为3H,各为s,4x SiCH3),0.556(3H,s,18-H3),0.565(6H,q,J=7.9Hz,3x SiCH2),0.821和0.921(9H和9H,各为s,2x Si-t-Bu),0.930(3H,d,J~7Hz,21-H3),0.947(9H,t,J=7.9Hz,3x SiCH2CH 3),1.191(6H,s,26-和27-H3),1.79(1H,t,J=12.2Hz,10α-H),1.90(1H,m),2.00(2H,m),2.20(1H,br d,J=13.2Hz,4β-H),2.29(1H,br d,J=13.2Hz,4α-H),2.41(2H,q,J~7Hz,=CH-CH 2)2.79(1H,br d,J=12.6Hz,9β-H),3.04(1H,dd,J=12.4,4.5Hz,10β-H),3.36(3H,s,O-CH3),3.54(2H,m,CH2-CH 2-O),4.35(1H,m,w/2=21Hz,1β-H),4.62(2H,s,O-CH2-O),4.81(1H,t,J~2.7Hz,3α-H),5.47(1H,dt,J=1.5,7.6Hz,HC=C-CH2),5.87和6.12(1H和1H,各为d,J=11.0Hz,7-和6-H).
(m)19-去甲维生素D3衍生物20的甲硅烷基保护基的水解。
1α,25-二羟基2-[3’-(甲氧基甲氧基)亚丙基]-19-去甲维生素D3(21)。向被保护的19-去甲维生素D320(3.0mg,3.5μmol)的无水THF(200L)溶液中加入叔丁基氟化铵(1.0M的THF溶液,210μL,210μmol)。该混合物在氩气下于室温搅拌18小时,之后倒入盐水中并用乙酸乙酯萃取。有机萃取液经盐水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4)并蒸发。残留物通过HPLC(10mm x 25cm Zorbax-Sil柱,4mL/min)使用己烷/2-丙醇(75∶25)溶剂系统纯化。在保留体积26mL处收集分析纯的19-去甲维生素21(1.27mg,71%)。该化合物在反相HPLC(6.2mm×25cm Zorbax-ODS柱,2mL/min)上使用甲醇/水(8∶2)溶剂系统也得到单峰;它集中在保留体积35mL处。21:UV(乙醇)max243.5,252.0,262.0nm;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ0.549(3H,s,18-H3),0.940(3H,d,J=6.4Hz,21-H3),1.220(6H,s,26-和27-H3),2.38(1H,m,=CH-CH 2之一),2.47(2H,narr m,4α-和4β-H),2.59(1H,m,=CH-CH 2之一),2.82(1H,br d,J=12.8Hz,9β-H),3.14(1H,dd,J=13.1,4.9Hz,10β-H),3.34(3H,s,O-CH3),3.55和3.63(1H和1H,各为m,CH2-CH 2-O),4.44(1H,m,w/2=20Hz,1β-H),4.62(2H,s,O-CH2-O),4.84(1H,m,w/2=10Hz,3-H),5.68(1H,t,J=7.4Hz,HC=C-CH2),5.88和6.31(1H和1H,各为d,J=11.2Hz,7-和6-H);HRMS(ESI)C31H52O5Na精确质量计算值:527.3712,测量值527.3702.
实施例II
1α,25-二羟基-2-(3’-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲维生素D3化合物的制备
如实施例I(a-c)所述,首先参照路线图1,该酮内酯4是从商品(-)-奎尼酸获得的。
(a)溴化鏻B的制备。
[3-[(叔-丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基]丙基]三苯基溴化鏻(B)。氩气下边搅拌边向1-溴-3-[(叔-丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基]丙烷(2.18g,8.56mmol)的无水苯(1.6mL)溶液中加入三苯基膦(2.64g,10.2mmol)。该混合物于85℃加热18小时并冷却至室温。倒出液体并将固体残渣用抹刀取出,过滤并用乙醚洗涤若干次。无色结晶的鏻盐B(3.7g)通过硅胶柱色谱纯化获得。用氯仿/甲醇(96∶4)洗脱得到纯盐B(3.04g,69%)。B:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ0.039(6H,s,2×SiCH3),0.857(9H,s,Si-t-Bu),1.93(2H,m,CH2-CH 2-CH2),3.86-3.94(4H,br m,CH2-CH 2-O和P-CH2),7.70,7.79和7.85(6H,3H和6H,各为m,Ar-H)。
(b)4-酮4与由B生成的内鎓盐的Wittig反应
[(E)-与(Z)-(1R,3R,5R)-1-乙酰氧基-3-[(叔-丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基]-6-氧杂-4-[3’-((叔-丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)亚丙基]二环[3.2.1]辛烷-7-酮(6a与6b)。氩气下边搅拌边于-20℃向溴化鏻B(1.55g,3.04mmol)的无水THF(42mL)溶液中滴加入n-BuLi(2.0M的环己烷溶液,1.50mL,3.00mmol)。该溶液在-20℃搅拌15分钟。该橙红色混合物冷却至-45℃并在15分钟内虹吸至酮乙酸酯4(700mg,2.13mmol)的无水THF(24mL)溶液中。该反应混合物于-40℃搅拌2小时并通过加入内含1%HCl的盐水停止反应。然后加入乙酸乙酯(30mL)、苯(20mL)、乙醚(10mL)、饱和NaHCO3(10mL)以及水(10ml)并将该混合物于室温下剧烈搅拌18小时。之后有机相经分离、盐水洗涤、干燥(MgSO4)并蒸发。残余物(主要包括比例为约3∶2的6a与6b异构体)经硅胶快速色谱纯化。用己烷/乙酸乙酯(9∶1)洗脱得到6a及6b产品的混合物(905mg,87%)。通过HPLC(10mm×25cm Zorbax-Sil柱,4mL/min)使用己烷/乙酸乙酯(9∶1)溶剂系统分离得到两个异构体的分析样品。纯的油状化合物6a及6b分别在保留体积28mL及29mL处洗脱得到。
6a:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ0.049和0.073(6H和6H,各为s,4x SiCH3),0.889和0.914(9H和9H,各为s,2x Si-t-Bu),2.01(1H,br t,J=11.0Hz,2.07(1H,d,J=10.5Hz,8α-H),2.13(3H,s,OAc),2.26-2.36(3H,m,2-H overlapped with=C-CH2),3.29(1H,ddd,J=10.5,6.4,2.8Hz,8β-H),3.65(2H,m,CH2-CH 2-O),4.40(1H,~t,J=8.5Hz,3β-H),5.50(1H,d,J=6.4Hz,5α-H),5.71(1H,t,J=7.3Hz,=CH),MS(EI)m/z(相对丰度):无M+,469(M+-Me,1),427(64),367(13),337(26),73(100);HRMS(ESI)C24H44O6Si2Na(M++Na)精确质量计算值:507.2574,测量值:507.2575.
6b:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ0.042(6H,s,2x SiCH3),0.098和0.117(3H和3H,各为s,2x SiCH3),0.885和0.907(9H和9H,各为s,2x Si-t-Bu),2.13(3H,s,OAc),2.14(1H,m,2α-H),2.31(1H,2-Hoverlapped with 8α-H),2.32(1H,d,J=11.0Hz,8α-H),2.51和2.64(1H和1H,各为m,=C-CH2),3.24(1H,m,8β-H),3.62(2H,m,CH2-CH 2-O),4.69(1H,~t,J=7.2Hz,3β-H),4.93(1H,d,J=6.3Hz,5α-H),5.63(1H,t,J=7.0Hz,=CH),MS(EI)m/z(相对丰度)无M+,469(M+-Me,1),427(32),367(13),337(40),73(100);HRMS(ESI)C24H44O6Si2Na(M++Na)精确质量计算值:507.2574,测量值:507.2560.
(c)乙酰氧基内酯6a与6b的还原(路线图2)。
[(E)-与(Z)-(1’R,3’R,5’R)-3-[(叔-丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基]-1’,5-二羟基-4’-[3”-[((叔-丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)亚丙基]环己基]甲醇(8a与8b)。0℃下向化合物6a与6b(150mg,0.309mmol)于无水乙醇(4mL)的搅拌溶液中加入NaBH4(116mg,3.09mmol)并将该混合物于室温下搅拌21小时。该混合物倒入饱和NH4Cl中并用乙酸乙酯萃取若干次。有机层经盐水洗涤、干燥(MgSO4)并蒸发。油状残余物经硅胶色谱纯化。用己烷/乙酸乙酯(4∶6)洗脱得到三醇8a与8b的半结晶混合物(136mg,98%)。
8a(主要产物):[α]24 D-53°(c 1.00CHCl3);1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ0.077,0.082,0.084和0.110(4x 3H,各为s,4x SiCH3),0.887和0.902(9H和9H,2x s,2x Si-t-Bu),1.58(1H,dd,J=12.8,10.2Hz,6’β-H),1.62(1H,dd,J=14.0,2.8Hz,2’β-H),2.03(1H,ddd,J=14.0,3.9,1.9Hz,2’α-H),2.11(1H,ddd,J=12.8,4.5,1.9Hz,6’α-H),2.46和2.66(1H和1H,各为m,=C-CH2),3.35和3.47(1H和1H,D2O后:2x d,J=10.8Hz,1-H2),3.68(2H,m,CH2-CH 2-O),4.46(1H,~t,J=3.3Hz,3’β-H),4.88(1H,D2O后:dd,J=10.2,4.5Hz,5’α-H),5.45(1H,t,J=8.6Hz,=CH);13C NMR(125MHz)δ-5.6(Si-CH3),-5.38(Si-CH3),-5.36(Si-CH3),-4.5(Si-CH3),17.9[C(CH3)3],18.4[C(CH3)3],25.7[C(CH3)3],26.0[C(CH3)3],29.2(CH2-CH 2-C=),40.4(C2’),44.1(C6’),62.2(O-CH2-CH2),66.2(C5’),70.3(C1),73.8(C1’),74.1(C3’),121.9(=C-CH2),145.0(C4’),HRMS(ESI)C22H46O5Si2Na(M++Na)精确质量计算值:469.2824,测量值469.2781.
(d)邻二醇8a及8b的断裂。
[(E)-与(Z)-(3R,5R)-3-[(叔-丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基]-5-羟基-4-[3’-[((叔-丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)亚丙基]]环己酮(10a与10b)。0℃下将高碘酸钠饱和的水(1.6mL)加入至三醇8a与8b(104mg,0.233mmol)的甲醇(8mL)溶液中。溶液于0℃搅拌1h,倒入盐水中,用乙酸乙酯和乙醚萃取。萃取物用盐水洗涤、干燥(MgSO4)、蒸发。油状残余物溶于己烷/CH2Cl2中,过Sep-Pak小柱。用己烷/乙酸乙酯(8∶2)洗脱下来油状的在冰箱中缓慢结晶的羟基酮10a和10b(85mg,88%)。
10a(主要产物):[α]24 D+55°(c 1.17CHCl3);1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ0.042,0.065与0.074(3H,6H及3H,各为s,4x SiCH3),0.849和0.880(9H与9H,各为s,2x Si-t-Bu),2.28(1H,m,=C-CH2之一),2.50(1H,dd,J=16.2,5.4Hz,2α-H),2.55-2.70(3H,m,2-H与6-H和=C-CH2之一重叠),2.77(1H,dd,J=16.2,2.5Hz,6-H之一),3.62(1H,dt,J=2.6,10.2Hz,CH2-CH 2-O之一),3.85(1H,m,CH2-CH 2-O之一),4.60(1H,m,3β-H),4.90(1H,narr m,5α-H),5.66(1H,dd,J=10.5,6.0Hz,=CH);13C NMR(125MHz)δ-5.6(Si-CH3),-5.4(Si-CH3),-4.9(Si-CH3),-4.6(Si-CH3),18.0[C(CH3)3],18.5[C(CH3)3],25.7[C(CH3)3],26.0[C(CH3)3],30.7(CH2-CH 2-C=),45.1(C2),47.9(C6),63.0(C5),61.8(O-CH2-CH2),70.8(C3),127.5(=C-CH2),142.9(C4),208.9(C1);MS m/z(相对丰度)无M+,399(M+-Me,2),357(69),339(12),327(41),299(9),265(10),225(81),73(100);HRMS(ESI)C21H42O48i2Na(M++Na)精确质量计算值:437.2519,测量值437.2537。
(e)羟基酮10a及10b中5-羟基的保护
[(3R,5R)-3,5-双[(叔-丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基]4-[3’-[((叔-丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)亚丙基]环己酮(12)。-50℃下向羟基酮10a及10b(22mg,53μmol)的无水CH2Cl2(0.2mL)溶液中加入2,6-二甲基吡啶(14.5μL,124μmol)及叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸(25μL,106μmol)。该混合物于-50℃下搅拌50分钟。加入冰冷潮湿的CH2CH2,并将该混合物倒入水中然后用CH2CH2萃取。萃取液经饱和CuSO4和水洗涤、干燥(MgSO4)、并蒸发。油状残余物再溶于己烷,并通过硅胶快速色谱纯化。用己烷/乙酸乙酯(95∶5)洗脱得到无色油状的纯的被保护的酮12(18mg,64%;基于回收的底物计算为74%)以及未反应的10a及10b的混合物(3mg)。
12:[α]24 D-17°(c 1.35 CHCl3);1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ0.008(3H,s,SiCH3),0.061(15H,s,5×SiCH3),0.833,0.900及0.910(3×9H,各为s,3×Si-t-Bu),2.32(1H,dd,J=14.2,10.4Hz,2α-H),2.32-2.43(2H,br m,=C-CH2),2.43(1H,dd,J=14.4,2.8Hz,6α-H),2.52(1H,ddd,J=14.4,3.4,2.2Hz,6β-H),2.75(1H,ddd,J=14.2,5.6,2.2Hz,2β-H),3.65和3.71(各1H,各为m,CH2-CH 2-O),4.76(1H,ddd,J=10.4,5.6,1.7Hz,3β-H),5.01(1H,~t,J=3.2Hz,5α-H),5.70(1H,dt,J=1.7,7.6Hz,=CH);13C NMR(125MHz)δ-5.27(Si-CH3),-5.25(Si-CH3),-5.01(Si-CH3),-5.00(Si-CH3),-4.95(Si-CH3),-4.89(Si-CH3),17.9[C(CH3)3],18.3[C(CH3)3],18.4[C(CH3)3],25.6[C(CH3)3],25.8[C(CH3)3],26.0[C(CH3)3],29.7(CH2-CH 2-C=),50.4(C6),52.5(C2),62.8(O-CH2-CH2),65.9(C3),67.9(C5),119.1(=C-CH2),141.1(C4),207.5(C1);MS(EI)m/z(相对丰度)无M+,513(M+-Me,2),471(74),381(5),339(63),73(100);C27H56O4Si3(M+-C4H9)精确质量计算值:471.2782,测量值:471.2796.
(f)烯丙基酯14a及14b的制备。
[(E)-与(Z)-(3’R,5’R)-3’,5’-双[(叔-丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基]-4’-[3”-[((叔-丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)亚丙基]环亚己基]乙酸甲酯(14a与14b)。氩气下于-78℃边搅拌边向二异丙胺(49μL,0.363mmol)的无水THF(0.37mL)溶液中加入n-BuLi(2.5M的己烷溶液,146μL,0.365mmol)然后加入甲基(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙酸酯(60.5μL,0.366mmol)。15分钟后,加入酮12(76.5mg,0.145mol)的无水THF(0.45mL)溶液。该溶液于-78℃再搅拌70分钟然后用湿的乙醚淬灭、倒入盐水中并用乙醚及苯萃取。合并的萃取液经盐水洗涤、干燥(MgSO4)并蒸发。将油状残余物重新溶于己烷并通过Sep-Pak小柱。经己烷/乙酸乙酯(98.5∶1.5)洗脱得到纯的烯丙基酯14a与14b(60mg,68%;异构体比例为14a∶14b=约6∶1)
14a(主要产物):[α]24 D:-33(c 0.48CHCl3);1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ-0.014,0.054,0.059,0.070,0.080和0.109(各3H,各为s,6×SiCH3),0.830,0.845和0.926(各9H,各为s,3×Si-t-Bu),1.87(1H,~t,J=12Hz,2’α-H),2.26(1H,br d,J=13.2Hz,6’α-H),2.33(1H,br d,J=13.2Hz,6’β-H),2.3-2.4(2H,m,=C-CH2),3.6-3.7(2H,m,CH2-CH 2-O),3.71(3H,s,COOCH3),4.15(1H,ddd,J=12.7,4.9,1.5Hz,2’β-H),4.46(1H,dd,J=10.7,4.9Hz,3’β-H),4.88(1H,~t,J=3Hz,5’α-H),5.54(1H,dt,J=1.5,7.3Hz,=CH),5.65(1H,br s,2-H);13CNMR(125MHz)δ-5.26(Si-CH3),-5.22(Si-CH3),-5.14(Si-CH3),-4.92(Si-CH3),-4.87(Si-CH3),-4.77(Si-CH3),17.95[C(CH3)3],18.38[C(CH3)3],18.41[C(CH3)3],25.6[C(CH3)3],25.9[C(CH3)3],26.0[C(CH3)3],30.8(CH2-CH 2-C=),40.7(C6’),46.5(C2’),50.9(CH3CO),63.1(O-CH2-CH2),66.5(C5’),69.6(C3’),117.0(=C-CH2),116.9(C2),142.7(C4’),156.0(C1’),166.6(C1);所选择的微量异构体(Z):5.50(1H,dt,J=1.5,7.3Hz,=CH),5.80(1H,br s,2-H)。
(g)烯丙基酯14a及14b的还原
2-[(E)-与(Z)-(3’R,5’R)-3’,5’-双[(叔-丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基]-4’-[3”-[((叔-丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)亚丙基]环亚己基]乙醇(16a与16b)。-78℃氩气下将二异丁基氢化铝(1.0M己烷溶液,616μL,616μmol)缓慢加入至烯丙基酯14a及14b(6∶1,60mg,103μmol)的甲苯/二氯甲烷(2∶1,2.25mL)搅拌溶液中。在-78℃继续搅拌1小时,该混合物通过加入酒石酸钠钾(2N,2mL)、HCl(2N,2mL)以及H2O(24mL)淬灭,然后用乙醚和苯稀释。有机层经稀NaHCO3及盐水洗涤、干燥(MgSO4)并蒸发。残余物经快速色谱纯化。用己烷/乙酸乙酯(95∶5)洗脱获得49mg产品16a与16b的混合物,产率86%。通过HPLC(10mm×25cm Zorbax-Sil柱,4mL/min)利用己烷/乙酸乙酯(9∶1)溶剂系统获得两种异构体的分析用样品。纯的油状化合物16a与16b分别在保留体积28mL及29mL处洗脱。
16a(主要产物):1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ-0.016,0.055,0.059,和0.068(3H,6H,6H和3H,各为s,6x SiCH3),0.831,0.888及0.911(各9H,各为s,3x Si-t-Bu),1.80(1H,t,J=11.8Hz,2’α-H),2.16(1H,br d,J=13.2Hz,6’α-H),2.26(1H,br d,J=13.2Hz,6’β-H),2.34(2H,m,=C-CH 2-CH2),2.86(1H,ddd,J=12.4,4.4,1.5Hz,2’β-H),3.62(2H,m,CH2-CH 2-O),4.19(2H,t,J~6Hz;D2O后:d,J=7.0Hz,1-H),4.37(1H,D2O后:dm,J=10.4Hz,3’β-H),4.80(1H,~t,J=3Hz,5’α-H),5.47(2H,m,2x=CH);13C NMR(125MHz)δ-5.28(2x Si-CH3),-5.06(Si-CH3),-5.00(Si-CH3),-4.85(Si-CH3),-4.79(Si-CH3),18.0[C(CH3)3],18.4[2xC(CH3)3],25.6[C(CH3)3],25.9[C(CH3)3],26.0[C(CH3)3],30.8(CH2-CH 2-C=),40.0(C2’),45.5(C6’),58.7(C1),63.2(O-CH2-CH2),66.5(C5’),70.0(C3’),116.6(=C-CH2),125.4(C2),137.2(C1’),143.4(C4’);MS(EI)m/z(相对丰度)无M+,538(M+-H2O,9),499(12),471(7),424(39),407(11),349(23),73(100),HRMS(ESI)C29H60O4Si3Na(M++Na)精确质量计算值:579.3697,测量值:579.3704。
16b(微量):1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ0.029,0.055,0.060,0.064和0.069(3H,6H,3H,3H和3H,各为s,6x SiCH3),0.849,0.898和0.918(各9H,各为s,3x Si-t-Bu),1.87(1H,br d,J=13.8Hz,2’β-H),2.03(1H,br t,J=11.5Hz,6’β-H),2.34(2H,m,=C-CH2),2.51(1H,ddd,J=12.0,5.0,1.6Hz,6’α-H),2.76(1H,br d,J=13.8Hz,2’α-H),3.64(2H,m,CH2-CH 2-O),4.02和4.13(1H和1H,各为m;D2O后:各为dd,J=11.8,7.2Hz,CH 2-OH),4.39(1H,dm,J=10.6Hz,5’α-H),4.89(1H,brs,3β-H),5.52(1H,dt,J=1.3,7.5Hz,=CH-CH2),5.71(1H,t,J=7.2Hz,=CH-CH2-OH);MS(EI)m/z(相对丰度):无M+,538(M+H2O,4),499(6),471(4),424(12),407(6),349(11),73(100);HRMS(ESI)C29H60O4Si3(M+-H2O)精确质量计算值:538.3694,测量值:538.3689。
(h)烯丙基醇16a与16b向氧化膦18a与18b的转化。
[2-[(E)-与(Z)-(3’R,5’R)-3’,5’-双[(叔-丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基]-4’-[3”-[((叔-丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)亚丙基]环亚己基]乙基]-二苯基氧化膦(18a和18b)。在氩气0℃搅拌下,向烯丙基醇16a与16b(5.5∶1,40.5mg,70.2μmol)的无水THF(0.8mL)溶液中加入n-BuLi(2.5M己烷溶液,35μL,87.5μmol)。将刚重结晶的甲苯磺酰氯(14.0mg,73μmol)溶于无水THF(190μL)并加入至烯丙基醇-BuLi溶液中。该混合物于0℃搅拌5分钟并于0℃放置。在另一空气被氩气置换的干燥烧瓶中,0℃搅拌下将n-BuLi(2.5M己烷溶液,140μL,0.35mmol)加入至Ph2PH(62μL,0.34mmol)的无水THF(420μL)溶液中。该红色溶液在氩气压力下虹吸至对甲苯磺酸盐/酯的溶液中直至橙色持续(约加入1/4溶液)。所得混合物在0℃再搅拌40分钟,然后通过加入H2O(40μl)淬灭。减压下蒸干溶剂,残留物溶于二氯甲烷(1.0mL)并与10%H2O2(0.5mL)于0℃搅拌1小时。有机层经分离,用冷亚硫酸钠水溶液和H2O洗涤,干燥(MgSO4)并蒸发。残留物经快速色谱。用己烷/乙酸乙酯(95∶5)洗脱得到未变化的烯丙基醇(16.3mg)。接着用己烷/乙酸乙酯(7∶3)洗脱获得混合产品:18a及18b(25mg,49%;基于回收的底物16a,b计算为81%)。
18a(主要异构体):1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ-0.044,-0.022,0.011,0.020,0.030,和0.035(各3H,各为s,6x SiCH3),0.787,0.878和0.894(各9H,各为s,3x Si-t-Bu),1.47(1H,br t,J~11Hz,2’α-H),2.04(1H,m,6’α-H),2.22(1H,d,J=13.7Hz,6’β-H),2.28(2H,m,=C-CH 2-CH2),2.62(1H,dd,J=12.8,4.2Hz,2’β-H),3.58(2H,m,CH2-CH 2-O),4.32(1H,dm,J~10Hz,3’β-H),3.17(2H,dd,J=15.2,7.6Hz,CH2-PO),4.73(1H,br s,5’α-H),5.27(1H,m,=CH-CH2-CH2),5.43(1H,br t,J~7Hz,=CH-CH2-PO),7.46,7.51和7.72(4H,2H和4H,各为m,Ar-H);HRMS(ESI)C41H69O4Si3PNa(M++Na)精确质量计算值:763.4139,测量值:763.4157.
被保护的25-羟基Grundmann’s酮19a与氧化膦18a及18b的Wittig-Horner偶联反应(路线图III)。
1α-[(叔-丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基]-2-[3’-[((叔-丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)亚丙基]-25-[(三乙基甲硅烷基)氧基]-19-去甲维生素D3叔-丁基二甲基甲硅烷基醚(22a与22b)。在氩气-78℃搅拌下向氧化膦18a及18b(6∶1,20.3mg,27.6μmol)的无水THF(0.3mL)溶液中缓慢加入苯基锂(1.56M环己烷溶液,19μL,30μmol)。该溶液变为深橙色。该混合物在-78℃下搅拌20分钟,然后缓慢加入根据已发表的工艺[Sicinski等J.Med.Chem.37,3730(1994)]制备的预冻的(-78℃)的被保护的羟基酮19a(15.4mg,39μmol)的无水THF(80μL)溶液。该混合物在氩气-78℃下搅拌3小时并于6℃搅拌19小时。然后加入乙酸乙酯、苯以及水,有机相经盐水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4)并蒸发。残留物再溶于己烷并通过硅胶柱。利用己烷/乙酸乙酯(99.5:0.5)洗脱得到19-去甲维生素衍生物22a及22b(8.6mg,基于回收的底物计算为47%)。之后将该柱子用己烷/乙酸乙酯(96∶4)洗涤以回收一些未转化的C,D-环酮19a(7mg),然后用乙酸乙酯洗涤以回收未反应的二苯基氧化膦(5.5mg)。通过HPLC(10mm×25cm Zorbax-Sil柱,4mL/min)利用己烷/乙酸乙酯(99.8∶0.2)溶剂系统纯化得到主要产品22a的分析用样品。纯化合物22a在保留体积28mL处洗脱得无色油状物。
22a:UV(乙醇)max 244.0,252.5,262.5nm;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ-0.023,0.052,0.056,0.061,0.063和0.070(各3H,各为s,6x SiCH3),0.555(3H,s,18-H3),0.565(6H,q,J=7.9Hz,3x SiCH2),0.819,0.897和0.923(9H和9H,各为s,3x Si-t-Bu),0.878(3H,d,J=7.1Hz,21-H3),0.947(9H,t,J=7.9Hz,3x SiCH2CH 3),1.190和1.191(3H和3H,各为s,26-和27-H3),1.79(1H,t,J=11.6Hz,10α-H),1.90(1H,m),2.00(2H,m),2.19(1H,br d,J~14Hz,4β-H),2.27(1H,br d,J~14Hz,4α-H),2.33(2H,m,=CH-CH 2),2.79(1H,br d,J~13Hz,9β-H),3.05(1H,dd,J=12.0,4.0Hz,10β-H),3.62(2H,m,CH2-CH 2-O),4.34(1H,m,w/2=20Hz,1β-H),4.81(1H,t,J~2.8Hz,3α-H),5.47(1H,dt,J~1.5,~7.5Hz,HC=C-CH2),5.88和6.12(1H和1H,各为d,J=11.0Hz,7-和6-H);HRMS(ESI)C53H104O4Si4Na(M++Na)精确质量计算值:939.6909,测量值:939.6900。
(j)(20S)-1-[(叔-丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基]-2-[3’-[((叔-丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)亚丙基]-25-[(三乙基甲硅烷基)氧基]-19-去甲维生素D3叔-丁基二甲基甲硅烷基醚(23a与23b)。
被保护的19-去甲维生素D3化合物23a与23b是经过类似于如上所述制备(20R)-异构体22a和22b的工艺,通过被保护的25-羟基Grundmann’s酮19b与氧化膦18a及18b的Wittig-Horner偶联反应而获得。被保护的维生素经硅胶柱用己烷/乙酸乙酯(99.5∶0.5)溶剂系统纯化,获得约47%的产率。通过HPLC(10mm×25cm Zorbax-Sil柱,4mL/min)利用己烷/乙酸乙酯(99.7∶0.3)溶剂系统纯化得到被保护的维生素23a的分析用样品。纯化合物23a在保留体积25mL处洗脱得无色油状物。23a:UV(乙醇)max243.5,252.5,262.5nm;1HNMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ-0.024,0.057,0.059和0.069(3H,3H,6H,和6H,各为s,6x SiCH3),0.550(3H,s,18-H3),0.560(6H,q,J=7.5Hz,3x SiCH2),0.818,0.895和0.923(各为9H,各为s,3x Si-t-Bu),0.867(3H,d,J=7.0Hz,21-H3),0.943(9H,t,J=7.5Hz,3x SiCH2CH 3),1.191(6H,s,26-和27-H3),1.79(1H,t,J~12Hz,10α-H),1.90(1H,m),2.00(2H,m),2.19(1H,br d,J~13Hz,4β-H),2.27(1H,br d,J~13Hz,4α-H),2.33(2H,m,=CH-CH 2),2.79(1H,br d,J~11.5Hz,9β-H),3.05(1H,dm,J~12Hz,10β-H),3.62(2H,m,CH2-CH 2-O),4.34(1H,m,w/2=20Hz,1β-H),4.80(1H,br s,3α-H),5.47(1H,t,J=7.0Hz,HC=C-CH2),5.88和6.11(1H和1H,各为d,J=11.2Hz,7-和6-H);HRMS(ESI)C53H104O4Si4Na(M++Na)精确质量计算值:939.6909,测量值:939.6907.
(k)19-去甲维生素D3衍生物22a与22b中甲硅烷基保护基的水解。
1α,25-二羟基-2-[3’-羟基亚甲基]-19-去甲维生素D3(24a与24b)。向被保护的维生素22a与22b(5.7mg,6.2μmol)的无水THF(4.3mL)溶液中加入四丁基氟化铵(1.0M的THF溶液,372μL,372μmol)。该混合物在氩气室温下搅拌18小时,倒入盐水中并用乙酸乙酯及乙醚萃取。有机萃取物用盐水洗涤、干燥(MgSO4)并蒸发。残留物通过HPLC(10mm×25cm Zorbax-Sil柱,4mL/min)利用己烷/2-丙醇(8∶2)溶剂系统纯化。在保留体积37.5mL处收集19-去甲维生素24a与24b的纯混合物。这两个异构体的分离易于通过反相HPLC(6.2mm×25cm Zorbax-ODS柱,2mL/min)利用甲醇/水(8∶2)的溶剂系统实现。分析纯的E-异构体24a(2.8mg,97%)在保留体积23mL处收集而Z-异构体24b(11μg)在保留体积29mL处收集。
24a:UV(乙醇)max 243.0,251.0,261.5nm;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ0.549(3H,s,18-H3),0.940(3H,d,J=6.3Hz,21-H3),1.22(6H,s,26-和27-H3),2.33和2.55(1H和1H,各为m,=CH-CH 2),2.47(2H,narr m,4α-和4β-H),2.82(1H,br d,J~13Hz,9β-H),3.16(1H,dd,J=13.0,4.8Hz,10β-H),3.66和3.76(1H和1H,各为m,CH2-CH 2-O),4.45(1H,m,w/2=20Hz,1β-H),4.85(1H,narr m,3α-H),5.66(1H,t,J=7.3Hz,HC=C-CH2),5.88和6.31(1H和1H,各为d,J=11.2Hz,7-和6-H);HRMS(ESI)C29H48O4Na(M++Na)精确质量计算值:483.3450,测量值:483.3461.
24b:UV(乙醇)max 243.0,251.5,262.0nm;1H NMR(800MHz,CDCl3)δ0.553(3H,s,18-H3),0.939(3H,d,J=6.6Hz,21-H3),1.22(6H,s,26-和27-H3),2.19(1H,t,J=11.0Hz,4β-H),2.25(1H,br d,J=14.6Hz,10β-H),2.40和2.56(1H和1H,各为m,=CH-CH 2),2.74(1H,dd,J=13.0,4.8Hz,4α-H),2.81(1H,br d,J=12.5Hz,9β-H),2.93(1H,dd,J=14.6,3.8Hz,10α-H),3.67和3.76(1H和1H,各为m,CH2-CH 2-O),4.48(1H,m,w/2=19Hz,3α-H),4.89(1H,narr m,1-H),5.65(1H,t,J=8.1Hz,HC=C-CH2),5.85和6.40(1H和1H,各为d,J=11.0Hz,7-和6-H).
(l)19-去甲维生素D3衍生物22a和22b中甲硅烷基保护基的水解。
(20S)-1α,25-二羟基-2-[3’-羟基亚甲基]-19-去甲维生素D3(24a与24b)。维生素25a与25b是经过类似于如上述制备(20R)-异构体24a及24b的工艺,通过水解19-去甲维生素衍生物23a及23b中的甲硅烷基保护基来获得。残留物通过HPLC(10mm×25cm Zorbax-Sil柱,4mL/min)利用己烷/2-丙醇(8∶2)溶剂系统纯化。在保留体积36.5mL处收集19-去甲维生素25a与25b的纯混合物(95%收率)。这两个异构体的分离易于通过反相HPLC(6.2mm x 25cm Zorbax-ODS柱,2mL/min)利用甲醇/水(8∶2)溶剂系统实现。分析纯的E-异构体25a在保留体积18mL处收集而Z-异构体25b在保留体积28mL处收集(25a∶25b的比例=160∶1)。
25a:UV(乙醇)max 243.0,251.5,261.0nm;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ0.548(3H,s,18-H3),0.858(3H,d,J=6.4Hz,21-H3),1.21(6H,s,26-和27-H3),2.35和2.54(1H和1H,示为m,=CH-CH 2),2.47(2H,narr m,4α-和4β-H),2.82(1H,br d,J=12.7Hz,9β-H),3.16(1H,dd,J=13.1,4.9Hz,10β-H),3.65和3.76(1H和1H,各为m,CH2-CH 2-O),4.45(1H,m,w/2=25Hz,1β-H),4.85(1H,narr m,3α-H),5.66(1H,t,J=7.4Hz,HC=C-CH2),5.88和6.31(1H和1H,各为d,J=11.4Hz,7-和6-H);HRMS(ESI)C29H48O4Na(M++Na)精确质量计算值:483.3450,测量值:483.3427。
25b:UV(乙醇)max 243.0,251.5,262.0nm;1H NMR(800MHz,CDCl3)δ0.550(3H,s,18-H3),0.854(3H,d,J=6.6Hz,21-H3),1.21(6H,s,26-和27-H3),2.19(1H,t,J~12Hz,4β-H),2.24(1H,br d,J=14.6Hz,10β-H),2.40和2.56(1H和1H,各为m,=CH-CH 2),2.74(1H,dd,J=13.2,4.4Hz,4α-H),2.82(1H,br d,J=12.4Hz,9β-H),2.92(1H,dd,J=14.6,3.7Hz,10α-H),3.61和3.72(1H和1H,各为m,CH2-CH 2-O),4.47(1H,m,w/2=18Hz,3α-H),4.88(1H,narr m,1β-H),5.65(1H,t,J~7.5Hz,HC=C-CH2),5.85和6.40(1H和1H,各为d,J=11.0Hz,7-和6-H).
路线I
路线II
路线III
为治疗目的,通式I定义的本发明的新化合物可根据本领域熟知的常规方法配制为如下剂型用于药物学应用:无毒溶剂中的溶液,或适当溶剂或载体中的乳剂、混悬剂或分散剂,或含固体载体的丸剂、片剂或胶囊。任何这些剂型还也包含其它药物学可接受并且无毒的赋型剂如稳定剂、抗氧化剂、粘合剂、着色剂或乳化剂或矫味剂。
该化合物可通过口服、局部、非胃肠道或透皮给药。该化合物可有利地通过注射或静脉输注或适当的无菌溶液给药,或以液体或固体剂量形式通过消化道给药,或以乳膏、软膏、贴剂、或类似的适于透皮应用的载体的形式。该化合物每天0.01μg至100μg、优选为约0.1μg/天至约50μg/天的剂量符合治疗目的,正如本领域所周知,该剂量可根据所要治疗的疾病、其严重程度以及患者的反应加以调节。由于该新化合物表现出活性的特异性,它们各自均可适当地单独给药,或当发现不同水平的骨矿物质动员与钙转运刺激为有利时,可与分级剂量(graded dose)的其它活性维生素D化合物如1α-羟基维生素D2或D3,或1α,25-二羟基维生素D3一起给药。
用于治疗上述银屑病以及其它恶性肿瘤的组合物包含有效量的一种或多种上述式I定义的2-亚丙基-19-去甲维生素D化合物作为活性成分,以及适当的载体。用于本发明的所述化合物的有效量为每克组合物约0.01μg至约100μg,优选为每克组合物约0.1μg至约50μg,并且可以通过局部、透皮、口服或非胃肠道以约0.01μg天至约100μg/天、优选为约0.1μg/天至约50μg/天的剂量给药。
该化合物可配制成乳膏、洗液、软膏、局部贴剂、丸剂、胶囊或片剂,或以液体形式如药物学无毒且可接受的溶剂或油中的溶液、乳剂、分散剂或混悬剂,并且这些制剂另外还可包含其它药物学无毒或有益的成分,如稳定剂、抗氧化剂、乳化剂、着色剂、粘合剂或矫味剂。
该化合物可有利地以足够影响前髓细胞向正常巨噬细胞分化的量给药。正如本领域所充分理解,上述剂量是合适的,应该理解所给的剂量可根据疾病的严重程度以及患者的状况与反应来调节。
本发明剂型包含活性成分与用于该活性成分的药物学可接受的载体以及任选的其它治疗性成分。该载体必须是“可接受的”,意指与该剂型中的其它成分相容并且对其接受者无毒害作用。
本发明适于口服给药的剂型可采用各自包含预定量的活性成分的离散单元的形式如胶囊、药袋、片剂或锭剂的形式;采用散剂或颗粒剂的形式;采用含水液体或无水液体中的溶液或混悬剂的形式;或采用水包油型乳剂或油包水型乳剂的形式。
直肠给药的剂型可采用将活性成分与载体如可可油相结合的栓剂的形式,或采用灌肠剂的形式。
适于非胃肠道给药的剂型可便利地包括活性成分的无菌油或含水制剂,并优选为与接受者的血液等渗。
适于局部给药的剂型包括液体或半液体制剂如搽剂、洗剂、applicants、水包油或油包水型乳剂如乳膏、软膏或糊剂;或溶液或混悬剂如滴剂;或喷雾剂。
对于哮喘的治疗,可使用采用喷壶(spray can)、喷雾器或雾化器分配的粉末吸入剂、自推进或喷雾组合物。当分配时,这些组合物优选具有10至100μ的粒径。
所述组合物可便利地采用剂量单位的形式并且可以根据制药领域中熟知的任意方法来制备。术语“剂量单位”是指单位的,即能够作为生理及化学稳定的单位剂量对患者给药的单一剂量,其中该单位剂量包括含固体或液体药物稀释剂或载体的所述活性成分或者其混合物。
2-亚丙基-19-去甲缓释化合物
在体内表现出合意的和高度有利的生物活性模式,也就是起效更加舒缓以及活性持续时间更长的经修饰的维生素D化合物也可在此处使用。
结构上,具有所需的生物学属性的经修饰的维生素D化合物的关键特征在于它们是其中可水解基团连接在碳25位的羟基上,并且可任选地连接到所述分子中的任何其它羟基上的2-亚丙基-19-去甲维生素类似物的衍生物。根据所连基团的不同结构因素——如类型、大小、结构复杂性,这些衍生物在体内以不同的速率水解成活性2-亚丙基-19-去甲维生素D类似物,从而在体内提供生物学活性维生素D化合物的“缓释”作用。
当然,这些化合物在体内的“缓释”活性特征可进一步通过使用衍生物的混合物或使用由一种或更多种维生素D衍生物以及未衍生化的维生素D化合物组成的混合物加以调节。
重要的是应强调上述鉴定的维生素衍生物的关键结构特征在于存在连接在分子碳25位羟基上的可水解基团。在该位置存在可水解基团使得所产生的衍生物具有上述所需的“缓释”生物学活性特征。分子中存在的其它羟基官能团(如碳1或3上的羟基官能团)可作为游离羟基存在,或者它们中一个或更多个也能够被可水解基团衍生化。
上述衍生物中存在的“可水解基团”优选为酰基,即Q1CO-类的基团,其中Q1代表氢或可以是1至18个碳原子的直链、环状、支链、饱和或不饱和的烃基。因此,例如,该烃基可以是直链或支链烷基,或者含一个或更多个双键的直链或支链烯酰基,或者可以是任选被取代的环烷基或环烯基,或者芳基如取代或未取代的苯基、苄基或萘基。特别优选的酰基为烷酰基或烯酰基,其中某些代表性的实例为甲酰基、乙酰基、丙酰基、己酰基、异丁酰基、2-丁烯酰基、棕榈酰基或油酰基。另一类合适的可水解基团为烃基氧基羰基,即Q2-O-CO-类的基团,其中Q2为上述定义的C1-C18烃基。该烃基的实例为甲基、乙基、丙基与高级直链或支链烷基及烯酰基,以及芳香烃基如苯基或苯甲酰基。
这些经修饰的维生素D化合物在给药后一段时间内于体内可水解成活性类似物,并因此可调节该活性类似物的体内生物利用度,从而调整其体内活性特征。术语“活性特征”是指维生素D化合物随着时间过去的生物学反应。个别经修饰的化合物,或该化合物的混合物可被给药以微调所需的反应时程。
此处所用的术语“经修饰的维生素D化合物”涵盖其中该化合物中存在的一个或更多个羟基官能团由可水解基团衍生化从而被修饰的任何维生素D化合物。“可水解基团”是在体内可水解从而重新产生游离羟基官能团的羟基修饰基团。
在本公开的上下文中,术语可水解基团优选包括酰基与烃基氧基羰基,即分别为Q1CO-和Q2-O-CO类的基团,其中Q1与Q2为之前所定义的含义。
结构上,所涵盖的经修饰的维生素D化合物可由下列通式XI所代表:
其中Y1,Y2以及R如之前对通式I的定义,其中如之前所定义,例外是侧链中的R5为-OY3而Y3为酰基或烃基氧基羰基。
该经修饰的维生素D化合物的一些具体实例包括2-亚丙基-19-去甲维生素D衍生物如:
2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-1α,25(OH)2-D3-1,3,25-三乙酸酯,其中Y1=Y2=Y3并且为CH3CO;
2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-1α,25(OH)2-D3-1,3,25-三己酸酯,其中Y1=Y2=Y3并且为CH3(CH2)4CO;
2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-1α,25(OH)2-D3-1,3,25-三壬酸酯,其中Y1=Y2=Y3并且为CH3(CH2)7CO;
2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-1α,25(OH)2-D3-25-乙酸酯,其中Y1=Y2并且为H,而Y3为CH3CO。
这些化合物可根据已知方法制备。例如可参照美国专利5,843,927。
2-亚丙基-19-去甲维生素D化合物的生物活性
图1和2——竞争性VDR结合
通过Dame等记载的方法实施所述类似物与猪肠受体的竞争性结合(Biochemistry 25,4523-4534,1986),但是将由重组体产生的大鼠受体用作受体(参见Vanhooke等,Biochemistry,in press,2004)。
图3——HL-60细胞分化
如Ostrem等(J.Biol.Chem.262,14164-14171,1987)所述测定HL-60前髓细胞至单核细胞的分化。
图4——转录激活
转录活性是在ROS17/2.8(骨)细胞中测量,该细胞是以荧光素酶受体基因的24-羟化酶(24OHase)基因启动子上游(Arbour等,1998)进行稳定转染。对细胞给予一系列的剂量。定量给药16小时后收获细胞并通过发光计测量荧光素酶活性。
图4中“RLU”是指相对荧光素酶单位。
图5和6——肠钙转运及骨钙动员
给予雄性刚断奶的Sprague-Dawley大鼠Diet 11(0.47%Ca)餐+AEK一周,之后给予Diet11(0.02%Ca)+AEK 3周。之后大鼠转为包含0.47%Ca的膳食1周,接着二周包含0.02%Ca的膳食。在0.02%钙膳食期间的最后一周开始给药。约相隔24小时给予4个连续的ip剂量。最后一次给药后24小时,从切断的颈部收集血液并且测定血清钙浓度作为骨钙动员的度量。同时收集前10cm的肠,通过肠管外翻法(everted gut sac method)进行肠钙转运分析。
生物学数据说明
图1阐明了2-[(3′-甲氧基甲氧基)亚丙基]-19-去甲-1α,25-(OH)2D3(此处也称之为“F-Wit”)与1α,25-二羟基维生素D3与1α,25-二羟基维生素D猪肠核受体结合的相对活性。图2阐明了2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-1α,25-(OH)2D3的E-异构体(此处也称为“1AGR”)、2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-1α,25-(OH)2D3的Z-异构体(此处也称为“2AGR”)、2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-(20S)-1α,25-(OH)2D3的E-异构体(此处也称为“1AGS”)、2-(3′-羟基亚丙基)-19-去甲-(20S)-1α,25-(OH)2D3的Z-异构体(此处也称为“2AGS”)以及1α,25-二羟基维生素D3与1α,25-二羟基维生素D猪肠核受体结合的相对活性。图1和2显示,F-Wit、1AGR、2AGR、1AGS以及2AGS在与1α,25-羟基维生素D3大鼠受体结合方面都很活跃。
本发明的2-亚丙基-19-去甲化合物显示出一种在促进恶性细胞分化方面具效力高、肠钙转运活性相对高以及从骨骼中动员钙的活性相对高的生物活性模式。这可通过从F-Wit、1AGR、2AGR、1AGS以及2AGS获得的生物学试验结果说明,这些结果概括于图3-6中。图3显示了已知的活性代谢物1α,25-二羟基维生素D3与2-亚甲基-19-去甲-(20S)-1,25(OH)2D3类似物(此处也称之为“2MD”)以及目前要求保护的F-Wit、1AGR和1AGS在诱导人类白血病细胞(HL-60细胞)在培养基中分化成单核细胞方面的活性对比。分化活性通过标准分化试验来评定,缩写为NBT还原(氮蓝四唑还原)。该试验按照如DeLuca等,美国专利No.4,717,721以及Ostrem等,J.Bio1.Chem.262,14164,1987所给出的已知程序进行。对于该试验,测试化合物的分化活性表达为在给定浓度的受试化合物作用下,HL-60细胞分化为正常细胞的百分率。
图3概述的结果清楚地表明这些类似物F-Wit、1AGR以及1AGS都与1α,25-二羟基维生素D3及2MD在促进白血病细胞分化方面具有同等有效。因此,在NBT试验中,接近90%的细胞被1α,25-二羟基维生素D3在1x10-7M浓度下诱导分化,而F-Wit、1AGR以及1AGS类似物在1x10-7M时诱导得到相同水平的分化。
图4阐明了F-Wit、1AGR以及1AGS在骨骼细胞中都具有显著的转录活性。该结果以及图3的细胞分化活性一同表明目前要求保护的结构I的2-亚丙基化合物尤其是F-Wit、1AGR以及1AGS会对银屑病十分有效,原因是它们具有促进细胞分化以及抑制细胞生长的直接的细胞活性。这些数据还显示目前要求保护的结构I的2-亚丙基化合物尤其是F-Wit、1AGR以及1AGS作为抗癌药物尤其是抗白血病、结肠癌、乳癌、皮肤癌以及前列腺癌的药物具有显著的活性。
图5和6显示已知的活性19-去甲类似物2MD以及目前要求保护的F-Wit、1AGR以及1AGS类似物的钙血活性对比。图5显示F-Wit、1AGR以及1AGS都具有相对高的肠钙转运活性,并且比2MD具有更强的肠钙转运活性。同样,图6显示F-Wit、1AGR以及1AGS在从骨骼中动员钙方面具有显著的活性,并且此方面的活性比2MD弱。因此,总而言之,结构I的2-亚丙基-19-去甲-类似物尤其是F-Wit、1AGR以及1AGS显示出选择性的活性特征,同时诱导恶性细胞分化效力高、肠钙转运活性相对高且骨钙动员活性适中。
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DK0474517T3 (da) | 1990-09-07 | 1999-08-02 | Wisconsin Alumni Res Found | Hidtil ukendt anvendelse af 1alfa-hydroxyleret-19-nor-vitamin D- |
US5086191A (en) * | 1991-05-28 | 1992-02-04 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Intermediates for the synthesis of 19-nor vitamin D compounds |
AU650751B2 (en) | 1991-05-28 | 1994-06-30 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Novel synthesis of 19-nor vitamin D compounds |
JP3213092B2 (ja) * | 1991-11-01 | 2001-09-25 | 中外製薬株式会社 | 2β位に置換基を有するビタミンD誘導体 |
DE69400495T2 (de) * | 1993-04-05 | 1997-04-30 | Wisconsin Alumni Res Found | 19-Nor-vitamin-D3-Verbindung mit einem Substituent an die 2. Stelle |
US5565589A (en) * | 1993-11-03 | 1996-10-15 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | 17-formyl-5,6-trans-vitamin D compounds |
US5428029A (en) * | 1993-11-24 | 1995-06-27 | Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. | Vitamin D3 fluorinated analogs |
WO1996001811A1 (en) * | 1994-07-11 | 1996-01-25 | The Johns-Hopkins University | 2-substituted 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 derivatives |
CA2206876A1 (en) | 1994-11-21 | 1996-05-30 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | 18,19-dinor-vitamin d compounds |
US5877168A (en) | 1995-02-10 | 1999-03-02 | Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Vitamin D derivative with substituent at the 2β-position |
CA2175881A1 (en) * | 1995-05-09 | 1996-11-10 | Andrzej Kutner | Vitamin d compounds and methods of preparing these compounds |
US5945410A (en) * | 1997-03-17 | 1999-08-31 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | 2-alkyl-19-nor-vitamin D compounds |
US5843928A (en) | 1997-03-17 | 1998-12-01 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | 2-alkylidene-19-nor-vitamin D compounds |
US6392071B1 (en) * | 1997-03-17 | 2002-05-21 | Wisconsin Alumni: Research Foundation | 26,27-homologated-20-EPI-2-alkylidene-19-nor-vitamin D compounds |
GB9915839D0 (en) * | 1999-07-06 | 1999-09-08 | Textron Automotive U K | Valve assembly for vehicle washing system |
IL152942A (en) | 2000-05-31 | 2007-09-20 | Wisconsin Alumni Res Found | Compounds 2 - Ethyl and 2 - Ethylaidine - 19 - Nur - Vitamin D and pharmaceutical preparations containing them |
EP1524264A3 (en) * | 2000-05-31 | 2010-01-20 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | 2-ethylidene-19-nor-vitamin D compounds |
US6846811B2 (en) * | 2002-04-22 | 2005-01-25 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | (20S) 1α-hydroxy-2α-methyl and 2β-methyl-19-nor-vitamin D3 and their uses |
AU2004230948A1 (en) * | 2003-04-10 | 2004-10-28 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | 2-propylidene-19-nor-vitamin D compounds |
US7053075B2 (en) * | 2003-11-25 | 2006-05-30 | Deluca Hector F | Methods for reducing body fat using vitamin D compounds |
-
2004
- 2004-04-09 AU AU2004230948A patent/AU2004230948A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-04-09 EP EP04749961A patent/EP1613588B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-04-09 BR BRPI0409194-9A patent/BRPI0409194A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-04-09 AT AT04749961T patent/ATE556999T1/de active
- 2004-04-09 MX MXPA05009336A patent/MXPA05009336A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2004-04-09 JP JP2006509883A patent/JP5005340B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-04-09 KR KR1020057019087A patent/KR20050120787A/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2004-04-09 CA CA2516233A patent/CA2516233C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-04-09 WO PCT/US2004/011059 patent/WO2004092118A2/en active Application Filing
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- 2004-04-09 CN CNB2004800096206A patent/CN100534981C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2004-04-09 CN CN2008101302056A patent/CN101293894B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2004-04-09 US US10/821,479 patent/US7241747B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2006
- 2006-06-14 HK HK06106788.7A patent/HK1086817A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
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CA2516233A1 (en) | 2004-10-28 |
MXPA05009336A (es) | 2005-11-04 |
AU2004230948A1 (en) | 2004-10-28 |
US20060293291A1 (en) | 2006-12-28 |
US7241747B2 (en) | 2007-07-10 |
US20040229851A1 (en) | 2004-11-18 |
JP5005340B2 (ja) | 2012-08-22 |
WO2004092118A2 (en) | 2004-10-28 |
CN101293894B (zh) | 2011-04-06 |
ZA200506204B (en) | 2006-10-25 |
ATE556999T1 (de) | 2012-05-15 |
KR20050120787A (ko) | 2005-12-23 |
JP2006523239A (ja) | 2006-10-12 |
HK1086817A1 (en) | 2006-09-29 |
CN1771226A (zh) | 2006-05-10 |
WO2004092118A3 (en) | 2005-01-27 |
BRPI0409194A (pt) | 2006-04-11 |
US7531527B2 (en) | 2009-05-12 |
CA2516233C (en) | 2011-09-20 |
MY146504A (en) | 2012-08-15 |
EP1613588B1 (en) | 2012-05-09 |
US20070213546A1 (en) | 2007-09-13 |
CN100534981C (zh) | 2009-09-02 |
NZ542674A (en) | 2009-03-31 |
EP1613588A2 (en) | 2006-01-11 |
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