CN101279857B - 介孔材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
介孔材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101279857B CN101279857B CN2007100739808A CN200710073980A CN101279857B CN 101279857 B CN101279857 B CN 101279857B CN 2007100739808 A CN2007100739808 A CN 2007100739808A CN 200710073980 A CN200710073980 A CN 200710073980A CN 101279857 B CN101279857 B CN 101279857B
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- mesoporous material
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- sodium
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- solution
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- 239000013335 mesoporous material Substances 0.000 title claims description 66
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- -1 olefin sulfonate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004141 Sodium laurylsulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- WTXXSZUATXIAJO-OWBHPGMISA-N (Z)-14-methylpentadec-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CC(CCCCCCCCCC\C=C/C(=O)O)C WTXXSZUATXIAJO-OWBHPGMISA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Octadecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycine betaine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- MLFIYYDKLNZLAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminoethane-1,1-diol Chemical compound NCC(O)O MLFIYYDKLNZLAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000056 polyoxyethylene ether Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940051841 polyoxyethylene ether Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZMBHCYHQLYEYDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctylphosphine oxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCP(=O)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC ZMBHCYHQLYEYDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009775 high-speed stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N (z)-octadec-9-en-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCN QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HVYJSOSGTDINLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[dimethyl(octadecyl)azaniumyl]acetate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O HVYJSOSGTDINLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Disodium Chemical compound [Na][Na] QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PHIIYDSPMYGDAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N S(=O)(=O)(O)O.C(CCCCCCCCCCC)[K] Chemical compound S(=O)(=O)(O)O.C(CCCCCCCCCCC)[K] PHIIYDSPMYGDAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BCKXLBQYZLBQEK-KVVVOXFISA-M Sodium oleate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O BCKXLBQYZLBQEK-KVVVOXFISA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- BALDFVQRFVLKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [NH-2].[Na+].[Na+] Chemical compound [NH-2].[Na+].[Na+] BALDFVQRFVLKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound N.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C2=NON=C12 JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NBMKJKDGKREAPL-DVTGEIKXSA-N beclomethasone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(Cl)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@H](C)[C@@](C(=O)CO)(O)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O NBMKJKDGKREAPL-DVTGEIKXSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940092705 beclomethasone Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- HCWYXKWQOMTBKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dodecyl benzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Ca].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HCWYXKWQOMTBKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001701 chloroform Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- REZZEXDLIUJMMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M dimethyldioctadecylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC REZZEXDLIUJMMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCS WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DDXLVDQZPFLQMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M dodecyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C DDXLVDQZPFLQMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- SYELZBGXAIXKHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyldimethylamine N-oxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)[O-] SYELZBGXAIXKHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SFNALCNOMXIBKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol monododecyl ether Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOCCO SFNALCNOMXIBKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005908 glyceryl ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930182470 glycoside Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CN1 MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940094506 lauryl betaine Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940057948 magnesium stearate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001512 metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 108700019599 monomethylolglycine Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DVEKCXOJTLDBFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-dodecyl-n,n-dimethylglycinate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O DVEKCXOJTLDBFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940096992 potassium oleate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940114930 potassium stearate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- MLICVSDCCDDWMD-KVVVOXFISA-M potassium;(z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O MLICVSDCCDDWMD-KVVVOXFISA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- ANBFRLKBEIFNQU-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;octadecanoate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O ANBFRLKBEIFNQU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- FSYKKLYZXJSNPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sarcosine Chemical compound C[NH2+]CC([O-])=O FSYKKLYZXJSNPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940101011 sodium hydroxymethylglycinate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium octadecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940067741 sodium octyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940080350 sodium stearate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- CITBNDNUEPMTFC-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-(hydroxymethylamino)acetate Chemical compound [Na+].OCNCC([O-])=O CITBNDNUEPMTFC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- WFRKJMRGXGWHBM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;octyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O WFRKJMRGXGWHBM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- RMZAYIKUYWXQPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctylphosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCP(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC RMZAYIKUYWXQPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002563 ionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 24
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002336 sorption--desorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102220500397 Neutral and basic amino acid transport protein rBAT_M41T_mutation Human genes 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002159 nanocrystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021426 porous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/10—Coating or impregnating
- C04B20/1055—Coating or impregnating with inorganic materials
- C04B20/1062—Metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/0203—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04
- B01J20/0222—Compounds of Mn, Re
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/0203—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04
- B01J20/0225—Compounds of Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28069—Pore volume, e.g. total pore volume, mesopore volume, micropore volume
- B01J20/28071—Pore volume, e.g. total pore volume, mesopore volume, micropore volume being less than 0.5 ml/g
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28078—Pore diameter
- B01J20/28083—Pore diameter being in the range 2-50 nm, i.e. mesopores
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种介孔材料的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:(1)将预先合成的纳米晶溶解在有机溶剂中配成溶液A;(2)将表面活性剂溶于水配成溶液B;(3)将溶液A与溶液B按体积比为1:(5~30)混合,将所得混合液经乳化后得到均匀稳定的乳液C;(4)将乳液C中的有机溶剂去除后,得到沉淀物;(5)将所得的沉淀物经分离后,以去离子水洗涤,得到胶体材料;及(6)将所得的胶体材料经过煅烧即可得到介孔材料。通过该方法制备的介孔材料在结构上具有比表面积大、孔隙率高、孔径分布窄等特点,因此在化学、光电子学、电磁学、材料学、环境学等诸多领域有着巨大的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种介孔材料的制备方法。
背景技术
按照国际纯粹与应用化学协会的定义,孔径在2纳米至50纳米范围的多孔材料称为介孔材料。自从1992年Kresge首次在Nature杂志上报道以硅铝酸盐为基体的新型有序介孔氧化硅材料M41S以来,介孔材料因其具有优良的物理、化学性能而成为国际上的研究热点。介孔材料在结构上具有比表面积大、孔隙率高、孔径分布窄且易于调控、短程(即原子水平)无序、长程(即介观水平)有序的特点,因而在化学、光电子学、电磁学、材料学、环境学等诸多领域有着巨大的应用前景,特别是在催化和锂离子电池领域有诱人的应用和市场潜力。
目前,介孔材料的制备方法主要有模板法、溶胶-凝胶法及水热法等,此外,采用微波加热的方法也制备出了结晶良好的有序的介孔材料。但是,这些方法都是在特定的基体材料上进行,从而限制了这些方法的适用范围,且这些方法具有工艺复杂、对原料限制多等特点。
有鉴于此,提供一种通用性强、工艺简单、易于操作、原料多样且低毒性的介孔材料的制备方法是必要的。
发明内容
一种介孔材料的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
(1)将预先合成的表面含有稳定配体的纳米晶溶解在有机溶剂中,配成浓度为1毫克/毫升至30毫克/毫升的溶液A;
(2)将表面活性剂溶于水,配成浓度为0.002毫摩尔/毫升至0.05毫摩尔/毫升的溶液B;
(3)将溶液A与溶液B按体积比为1:(5~30)混合,将所得混合液经乳化后得到均匀稳定的乳液C;
(4)将乳液C中的有机溶剂去除后,得到沉淀物;
(5)将所得的沉淀物经分离后,以去离子水洗涤,得到胶体材料;及
(6)将所得的胶体材料烘干后,经过煅烧即可得到介孔材料。
所述步骤(3)中乳化采用高速搅拌方法、超声方法、胶体磨方法及玻璃膜乳化(SPG)方法中的至少一种。
所述步骤(4)中去除有机溶剂采用直接加热法,加热温度为40℃至95℃,加热时间为1小时至20小时。
所述步骤(4)中去除有机溶剂采用减压蒸馏法,蒸馏时间为1小时至20小时。
所述步骤(6)中煅烧具体包括如下步骤:在惰性气体保护下,1小时的时间内将温度由室温升到300℃至380℃,保温1小时,而后在1小时的时间内将温度升到450℃至530℃,保温1小时后,冷却至室温。
与现有技术相比,本发明提供的方法具有如下优点:无需特定的基体材料,通用性强;原料廉价易得;通过简单的步骤即可大量制备介孔材料;工艺简单,易于操作;所涉及材料的毒性较低。因此,该制备方法具有极大的工业化应用前景。
附图说明
图1是本发明第一实施例制备的氧化镍介孔材料的扫描电镜(SEM)照片。
图2是本发明第一实施例制备的氧化镍介孔材料的吸附-脱附等温曲线。
图3是本发明第一实施例制备的氧化镍介孔材料的孔分布曲线。
图4是本发明第二实施例制备的氧化锰介孔材料的SEM照片。
图5是本发明第二实施例制备的氧化锰介孔材料的吸附-脱附等温曲线。
图6是本发明第二实施例制备的氧化锰介孔材料的孔分布曲线。
图7是本发明第三实施例制备的氧化钴介孔材料的SEM照片。
图8是图7放大的SEM照片。
图9是本发明第三实施例制备的氧化钴介孔材料的吸附-脱附等温曲线。
图10是本发明第三实施例制备的氧化钴介孔材料的孔分布曲线。
具体实施方式
一种介孔材料的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
(1)将预先合成纳米晶溶解在有机溶剂中,配成浓度为1毫克/毫升至30毫克/毫升的溶液A。
纳米晶包括金属、无机半导体化合物、金属氧化物及金属氟化物的纳米晶,形态为球状、棒状、片状或立方体状,纳米晶的粒径为0.5纳米至100纳米。纳米晶表面包覆有稳定配体,稳定配体可为油酸、油胺、十八胺、十二硫醇、三辛基氧膦及三辛基膦中至少一种。
有机溶剂包括环己烷、正己烷、三氯甲烷及甲苯中至少之一种。
(2)将表面活性剂溶于水,配成浓度为0.002毫摩尔/毫升至0.05毫摩尔/毫升的溶液B。乳化采用高速搅拌方法、超声方法、胶体磨方法及玻璃膜乳化(SPG)方法中的至少一种。
表面活性剂包括阴离子表面活性剂、阳离子表面活性剂、两性离子表面活性剂及非离子表面活性剂。
阴离子表面活性剂为硬脂酸钠、硬脂酸钾、硬脂酸镁、油酸钾、油酸钠的脂肪酸盐型,十二烷基苯磺酸、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸铵、十二烷基苯磺酸钙、辛基磺酸钠、C13~17仲烷基磺酸钠、C14~18α-烯基磺酸钠的磺酸盐型,辛基硫酸钠、月桂基硫酸钠、月桂基硫酸钾、十二烷基硫酸钠的硫酸盐型及癸基聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯、月桂基聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯钠、C12~18烷基聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯钠的磷酸酯盐型中至少一种。
阳离子表面活性剂为椰油酰胺基丙基二甲基胺乳酸盐、硬脂酰胺基丙基二甲基胺乳酸盐的胺盐型,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、月桂基三甲基氯化铵、二硬脂基二甲基氯化铵、C12~18烷基乙氧基二甲基苄基氯化铵的季铵盐型及月桂基二甲基氧化胺、牛油基二羟乙基氧化胺、椰油基二羟乙基氧化胺的氧化胺型中至少一种。
两性离子表面活性剂为月桂基甜菜碱、椰油基甜菜碱、硬脂基甜菜碱、油菜基甜菜碱、C12~18烷基二甲基甜菜碱铵盐的甜菜碱型,1-羟乙基-2-椰油基咪唑啉乙酸盐、新酰胺基乙基-N-羟乙基氨基乙氧基丙酸二钠的咪唑啉型,羟甲基甘氨酸钠、牛油基亚氨基二丙酸二钠的氨基酸型及磷脂中至少一种。
非离子表面活性剂为脂肪醇醚、烷基酚醚、烷基胺醚、聚醚、脂肪酸聚烷氧化合物脂的烷氧基化物型,甘油酯、山梨醇酯、季戊四醇酯、蔗糖酯的多元醇酯型,脂肪酸烷酯型,烷醇酰胺型,烷基糖苷型及烷基吡咯烷酮中至少一种。
(3)将溶液A与溶液B按体积比为1:(5~30)混合,将所得混合液经乳化后得到均匀稳定的乳液C。
(4)将乳液C中的有机溶剂去除后,得到沉淀物。去除有机溶剂采用直接加热法,加热温度为40℃至95℃,加热时间为1小时至20小时,或采用减压蒸馏法,蒸馏时间为1小时至20小时。
(5)将所得的沉淀物经分离后,以去离子水洗涤,得到胶体材料。
(6)将所得的胶体材料烘干后,经过煅烧即可得到介孔材料。介孔材料的孔径范围为10纳米至50纳米。
煅烧具体包括如下步骤:在惰性气体保护下,1小时的时间内将温度由室温升到300℃至380℃,保温1小时,而后在1小时的时间内将温度升到450℃至530℃,保温1小时后,冷却至室温。
下面将结合附图对本发明实施例作进一步的详细说明。
第一实施例:制备氧化镍(NiO)介孔材料。
将预先合成的粒径约为20纳米(nm)、分散系数为10%的表面包覆有十八胺的单分散NiO纳米晶溶解在环己烷中,配制浓度为10毫克/毫升(mg/ml)的环己烷溶液。将300毫克(mg)的十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)溶于100毫升(ml)去离子水中,得到浓度为0.01毫摩尔/毫升(mmol/ml)的水溶液。取上述10ml的环己烷溶液加入到上述水溶液中,采用超声方法乳化所得的混合物,将乳化所得的乳液于80℃水浴中加热2小时,以去除乳液中的有机溶剂,得到沉淀物。将所得的沉淀物经离心分离、去离子水洗涤后,得到NiO胶体材料。将NiO胶体材料于60℃的温度下烘干后在氩气保护下煅烧,即在1小时的时间内将温度由室温升到350℃,保温1小时,而后在1小时的时间内将温度升到450℃,保温1小时后,冷却至室温,即获得NiO介孔材料。该NiO介孔材料孔隙率为0.09立方厘米/克(cm3/g),比表面积为16.1平方米/克(m2/g)。
请参阅图1为第一实施例制备的NiO介孔材料的SEM照片,由图1可知该介孔材料具有有序的结构。
请参阅图2为第一实施例制备的氧化镍介孔材料的吸附-脱附等温曲线,由图2可知,该材料具有典型的介孔材料的吸附特征。图3为第一实施例制备的氧化镍介孔材料的孔分布曲线,由图3可知其孔径较均匀,大部分分布在约25nm的范围。
第二实施例:制备氧化锰(MnO)介孔材料。
将预先合成的粒径约为10nm、分散系数为12%的表面包覆有十八胺的单分散四氧化三锰(Mn3O4)纳米晶溶解在环己烷中,配制浓度为10mg/ml的环己烷溶液。将300mg的SDS溶于100ml去离子水中,得到浓度为0.01mmol/ml的水溶液。取上述10ml的环己烷溶液加入到上述水溶液中,采用超声方法乳化所得的混合物,将乳化所得的乳液于80℃的温度下水浴中加热2小时,以去除乳液中的有机溶剂,得到沉淀物。将所得的沉淀物经离心分离、去离子水洗涤后,得到Mn3O4胶体材料。将Mn3O4胶体材料于60℃的温度下烘干后在氩气保护下煅烧,即在1小时的时间内将温度由室温升到350℃,保温1小时,而后在1小时的时间内将温度升到500℃,保温1小时后,冷却至室温,由于在煅烧过程中Mn3O4被表面包覆的十八胺的中的碳还原为MnO,即获得MnO介孔材料。该MnO介孔材料的孔隙率为0.1cm3/g,比表面积为30.6m2/g。
请参阅图4为第二实施例制备的MnO介孔材料的SEM照片,由图4可知该介孔材料具有有序的结构。
请参阅图5为第二实施例制备的MnO介孔材料的吸附-脱附等温曲线,由图5可知,该材料具有典型的介孔材料的吸附特征。图6为第二实施例制备的MnO介孔材料的孔分布曲线,由图6可知其孔径较均匀,大部分分布在约10nm的范围。
第三实施例:制备氧化钴(CoO)介孔材料。
将预先合成的粒径约为150nm、分散系数为20%的表面包覆有十八胺的单分散CoO纳米晶溶解在环己烷中,配制浓度为10mg/ml的环己烷溶液。将300mg的SDS溶于100ml去离子水中,得到浓度为0.01mmol/ml的水溶液。取上述10ml的环己烷溶液加入到上述水溶液中,采用超声方法乳化所得的混合物,将乳化所得的乳液于80℃的温度下水浴中加热2小时,以去除乳液中的有机溶剂,得到沉淀物。将所得的沉淀物经离心分离、去离子水洗涤后,得到CoO胶体材料。将CoO胶体材料于60℃的温度下烘干后在氩气保护下煅烧,即在1小时的时间内将温度由室温升到350℃,保温1小时,而后在1小时的时间内将温度升到500℃,保温1小时后,冷却至室温,即获得CoO介孔材料。该CoO介孔材料的孔隙率为0.03cm3/g,比表面积为14.4m2/g。
请参阅图7及图8为第三实施例制备的CoO介孔材料的SEM照片,由图7及图8可知该介孔材料具有有序的结构。
请参阅图9为第三实施例制备的CoO介孔材料的吸附-脱附等温曲线,由图9可知,该材料具有典型的介孔材料的吸附特征。图10为第三实施例制备的CoO介孔材料的孔分布曲线,由图10可知其孔径较均匀,大部分分布在约30nm的范围。
与现有技术相比,本发明提供的方法的具有如下优点:无需特定的基体材料,通用性强;原料廉价易得;通过简单的步骤即可大量制备介孔材料;工艺简单,易于操作;所涉及材料的毒性较低。通过该方法制备的介孔材料在结构上具有比表面积大、孔隙率高、孔径分布窄等特点,因此在化学、光电子学、电磁学、材料学、环境学等诸多领域有着巨大的应用前景。例如,通过本发明方法得到的介孔半导体材料由于其优异的光学性质在发光器件方面具有很好的应用前景;介孔金属氧化物材料由于其优异的催化性能而作为催化剂材料和催化载体材料,或由于其结构的多孔性和高比表面积在锂离子电极材料领域有着潜在的应用价值。
另外,本领域技术人员还可在本发明精神内做其它变化。当然,这些依据本发明精神所做的变化,都应包含在本发明所要求保护的范围之内。
Claims (14)
1.一种介孔材料的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
(1)将表面包覆有稳定配体的纳米晶溶解在有机溶剂中,配成浓度为1毫克/毫升至30毫克/毫升的溶液A;
(2)将表面活性剂溶于水,配成浓度为0.002毫摩尔/毫升至0.05毫摩尔/毫升的溶液B;
(3)将溶液A与溶液B按体积比为1∶(5~30)混合,将所得混合液经乳化后得到均匀稳定的乳液C;
(4)将乳液C中的有机溶剂去除后,得到沉淀物;
(5)将所得的沉淀物分离后,以去离子水洗涤,得到胶体材料;及
(6)将所得的胶体材料经过煅烧,所述煅烧具体包括如下步骤:在惰性气体的保护下,将温度由室温升到300℃~380℃,保温,然后将温度升到450℃至530℃,保温后,冷却至室温,即可得到介孔材料。
2.如权利要求1所述的介孔材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中乳化采用高速搅拌方法、超声方法、胶体磨方法及玻璃膜乳化方法中的至少一种。
3.如权利要求1所述的介孔材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中去除有机溶剂采用直接加热法,加热温度为40℃至95℃,加热时间为1小时至20小时。
4.如权利要求1所述的介孔材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中去除有机溶剂采用减压蒸馏法,蒸馏时间为1小时至20小时。
5.如权利要求1所述的介孔材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述介孔材料的孔径范围为10纳米至50纳米。
6.如权利要求1所述的介孔材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的稳定配体包括油酸、油胺、十八胺、十二硫醇、三辛基氧膦及三辛基膦中至少之一种。
7.如权利要求1所述的介孔材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的纳米晶的形态为球状、棒状、片状或立方体状,纳米晶的粒径为0.5纳米至100纳米。
8.如权利要求1所述的介孔材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的纳米晶包括金属、无机半导体化合物、金属氧化物及金属氟化物的纳米晶。
9.如权利要求1所述的介孔材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的有机溶剂包括环己烷、正己烷、三氯甲烷及甲苯中至少之一种。
10.如权利要求1所述的介孔材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的表面活性剂包括阴离子表面活性剂、阳离子表面活性剂、两性离子表面活性剂及非离子表面活性剂中至少之一种。
11.如权利要求10所述的介孔材料的制备方法,其特征在于,阴离子表面活性剂包括硬脂酸钠、硬脂酸钾、硬脂酸镁、油酸钾、油酸钠的脂肪酸盐型,十二烷基苯磺酸、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸铵、十二烷基苯磺酸钙、辛基磺酸钠、C13~17仲烷基磺酸钠、C14~18α-烯基磺酸钠的磺酸盐型,辛基硫酸钠、月桂基硫酸钠、月桂基硫酸钾、十二烷基硫酸钠的硫酸盐型及癸基聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯、月桂基聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯钠、C12~18烷基聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯钠的磷酸酯盐型中至少之一种。
12.如权利要求10所述的介孔材料的制备方法,其特征在于,阳离子表面活性剂包括椰油酰胺基丙基二甲基胺乳酸盐、硬脂酰胺基丙基二甲基胺乳酸盐的胺盐型,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、月桂基三甲基氯化铵、二硬脂基二甲基氯化铵、C12~18烷基乙氧基二甲基苄基氯化铵的季铵盐型及月桂基二甲基氧化胺、牛油基二羟乙基氧化胺、椰油基二羟乙基氧化胺的氧化胺型中至少之一种。
13.如权利要求10所述的介孔材料的制备方法,其特征在于,两性离子表面活性剂包括月桂基甜菜碱、椰油基甜菜碱、硬脂基甜菜碱、油菜基甜菜碱、C12~18烷基二甲基甜菜碱铵盐的甜菜碱型,1-羟乙基-2-椰油基咪唑啉乙酸盐、新酰胺基乙基-N-羟乙基氨基乙氧基丙酸二钠的咪唑啉型,羟甲基甘氨酸钠、牛油基亚氨基二丙酸二钠的氨基酸型及磷脂中至少之一种。
14.如权利要求10所述的介孔材料的制备方法,其特征在于,非离子表面活性剂包括脂肪醇醚、烷基酚醚、烷基胺醚、聚醚、脂肪酸聚烷氧化合物脂的烷氧基化物型,甘油酯、山梨醇酯、季戊四醇酯、蔗糖酯的多元醇酯型,脂肪酸烷酯型,烷醇酰胺型,烷基糖苷型及烷基吡咯烷酮中至少之一种。
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