CN101263771B - 切割工具 - Google Patents

切割工具 Download PDF

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CN101263771B
CN101263771B CN2008100829423A CN200810082942A CN101263771B CN 101263771 B CN101263771 B CN 101263771B CN 2008100829423 A CN2008100829423 A CN 2008100829423A CN 200810082942 A CN200810082942 A CN 200810082942A CN 101263771 B CN101263771 B CN 101263771B
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motor
cutter sweep
control circuit
blade
sweep according
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CN101263771A (zh
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P·辛普森
R·格劳宁
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G3/00—Cutting implements specially adapted for horticultural purposes; Delimbing standing trees
    • A01G3/04—Apparatus for trimming hedges, e.g. hedge shears
    • A01G3/047—Apparatus for trimming hedges, e.g. hedge shears portable
    • A01G3/053—Apparatus for trimming hedges, e.g. hedge shears portable motor-driven
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D34/00—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters
    • A01D34/01—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus
    • A01D34/02—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having reciprocating cutters
    • A01D34/13—Cutting apparatus
    • A01D34/135—Cutting apparatus having oppositely movable cooperating knife-bars
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D34/00—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters
    • A01D34/01—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus
    • A01D34/02—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having reciprocating cutters
    • A01D34/30—Driving mechanisms for the cutters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D34/00—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters
    • A01D34/01—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus
    • A01D34/02—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having reciprocating cutters
    • A01D34/30—Driving mechanisms for the cutters
    • A01D34/37—Driving mechanisms for the cutters electric
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D34/00—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters
    • A01D34/01—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus
    • A01D34/404—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having cutters driven to oscillate in a horizontal plane
    • A01D34/408—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having cutters driven to oscillate in a horizontal plane and cooperating with counter-cutters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G3/00—Cutting implements specially adapted for horticultural purposes; Delimbing standing trees
    • A01G3/04—Apparatus for trimming hedges, e.g. hedge shears
    • A01G2003/0461—Apparatus for trimming hedges, e.g. hedge shears with reciprocating knives
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/525—Operation controlled by detector means responsive to work
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/525—Operation controlled by detector means responsive to work
    • Y10T83/536—Movement of work controlled

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Harvester Elements (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及切割工具，具体涉及用于切割器如植物切割器，特别是树篱切割器或修剪器(10)的控制系统。使用中当遇到其尺寸或密度超过刀片容量的细枝或者枝叉时，树篱切割器通常会遇到阻塞切割刀片的问题。这里描述的植物切割装置(10)具有多个切割刀片(11、12)，至少一个切割刀片(11、12)可由电机驱动。至少一个被驱动的刀片(11、12)在两个预定的最大行程点之间可移动。装置(10)包括控制装置，其能响应于控制装置检测到的事件使至少一个可移动刀片的移动方向在最大行程点之间的点处改变。

Description

切割工具
技术领域
本发明涉及切割工具。具体涉及用于植物切割器、特别是树篱切割器或修剪器的控制系统。
背景技术
树篱切割器包括两个细长刀片，它们关于彼此往复运动。可以使一个刀片固定，另一个刀片往复运动，或者使两个刀片以等速和相对的方式往复运动。依靠由电机或小型发动机的输出轴驱动的凸轮元件来驱动刀片。JP2005269972中描述了一种这样的切割器，该树篱切割器还包括开关，其允许使用者能使一个刀片的移动方向反向。
使用中，当它们遇到其尺寸或密度超过刀片容量的细枝或枝叉时，树篱切割器通常会遇到阻塞切割刀片的问题。操作员通常解除输送到刀片上的动力，以去除移动刀片对枝叉的压力，然后通过拉出枝叉尝试移开枝叉。这会引起严重的安全问题，因为使用者将他们的手指放在刀片附近。类似问题也在其它切割工具中存在。本发明试图克服该问题，并且也有助于清理被阻塞的切割刀片。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种切割工具，其具有至少一个被驱动的刀片，其在两个设定的最大行程点之间可移动。所述工具还包括原动机，其被构造成使所述至少一个可移动刀片在所述最大行程点之间移动，其特征在于，切割工具还设有控制装置，其响应于控制装置检测到的事件而使至少一个可移动刀片在最大行程点之间的点处改变移动方向。
优选地，原动机是电机。更优选地，通过改变电机旋转方向实现所述改变方向。
优选地，控制装置包括控制电路。
在一个实施例中，所述事件是增加切割负荷。适当地，控制电路包括电流检测电路，以致当电机吸入的电流超过预定级别时，控制电路使电机的旋转方向反向。或者，控制电路包括速度传感器，其被构造成当被驱动的刀片的速度下降到预定级别之下时做出检测。
在一个替代性实施例中，所述事件是解除输送到被驱动的刀片上的动力。适当地，控制电路被构造成在电能首次作用到电机上时，使电机因此而在第一方向上旋转，而当电能下次作用到电机时上，使电机在第二方向上旋转。
在一个实施例中，控制电路被构造成使电机在相反方向运转预定时间段，电路然后使电机在常规方向上运转。适当地，所述预定时间段少于1分钟，较适合地，其少于半分钟，更适合的是200ms到400ms。
优选地，切割工具是便携式工具。更为优选地，切割工具是植物切割器，最优选是树篱切割器或树篱修剪器。
优选地，切割工具包括变速箱，其设在电机和至少一个被驱动的刀片之间。更优选地，变速箱包括低速比反向传动装置。
优选地，切割工具包括依靠充电电池或电池单元提供能量的电机。更优选地，所述电池是锂离子电池。
附图说明
现在参照附图仅以示例方式更详细地描述本发明的上述及其它方面。
图1是通常现有技术树篱切割器的透视图；
图2示意性示出了用于根据本发明由交流电机提供动力的植物切割器的控制电路；
图3示意性示出了用于根据本发明由电刷直流电机提供动力的植物切割器的控制电路。
具体实施方式
根据本发明的典型植物切割器采用是电动树篱切割器10的形式，其具有下刀片11和上刀片12，依靠置于壳体单元13内的电机，它们可被以等速和相对的方式关于壳体及关于彼此同时地往复运动。壳体单元13包括两个把手14、15，它们各自连接到开关装置16、17上。这种开关结构提供了安全特征，其要求操作员的左手和右手在适当位置并致动它们的各自开关，才能达到向电机提供电流的目的。因此，除非两只手远离刀片，否则刀片不能进入操作状态。
电机用于以传统方式通过所需的适当传动装置使移动刀片11、12进行往复运动。
根据本发明，可以在相比于常规切割方向的反向上驱动往复运动刀片11。应该理解，在对往复运动的描述中，术语“反向”是用于相对意义而不是绝对意义。使用中，当遇到其直径或密度超过刀片容量的细枝或枝叉时，树篱切割器通常会遇到阻塞问题。本发明以两种方式之一克服这种阻塞。
在一种设置中，使往复运动的刀片短时段内反向，该时段足以导致松开阻塞的枝条，然后自动恢复到常规方向，而不需要操作员松开开关。
在优选设置中，使往复运动刀片的运动方向反向，并且维持该反方向直到检测到另一阻塞状态，此时又被改变到原来方向，并且接下来自动地如此进行，而不需要操作员松开开关。利用这种设置，一旦遇到阻塞或失速状态，刀片来回振动，由此从两侧切下枝条并且完成切割(这是其它情况下的树篱切割器不可能完成的)。因此，本发明不仅对由于阻塞而使刀片停止问题提供了解决方案，而且扩大了切割工具的切割能力。
参见图2，示意性示出了使用具有零整流器/电刷位移的交流电机情况下，实现本发明目的的控制电路。这种驱动电机具有电枢20和电刷21。利用双极切换继电器24，通过改变流过电枢20的电流的方向实现反向旋转。在一个替代性实施例中，使用4-三端双向可控硅电桥(4-triac bridge)。
通过附加的电子控制线路可改变继电器的切换状态。其确切的结构对本领域技术人员是容易理解的。
在除电切换之外还设置具有整流器/电刷位移的交流电机的情况下，电刷被机械地移动，适宜地通过机电开关装置。由此，重覆进行整流器/电刷位移，以便改变运行方向。
在直流电机提供动力的植物切割器中，适合采用零电刷位移。通过颠倒电机极性可实现电机的反向动作以及刀片12的往复运动，这种极性颠倒可通过固态开关或机电开关而实现。
在优选实施例中，植物切割器是电池驱动的，优选依靠锂离子电池元件。使用锂离子电池的装置通常包括一个过流保护电路。其可被构造成包括用于本发明的反向驱动操作的控制电路。图3示出了适合的示意性电路，其示出可依靠MOSFET电桥22而易于完成的电机方向的改变。如果使用无刷直流电机，可优选地对整流电子器件进行程序控制，以改变电机方向。
优选地，通过检测切割负荷的值的增加或高限来触发刀片反向事件。在优选实施例中，控制电路包括用于此目的的电流检测电路。在电机吸入的电流超过预定级别时，其适合开始使电机反向。通常，这将是在失速状态时的值，但是可使用小于失速状态时的值，以致不允许电机达到失速状态。这样，由于不允许提供完全失速电流，所以延迟了对电池的充电。除常规保护之外，这作为进一步的保护以防止因过电流而导致使用不当。
或者，每次当电能作用到电机上时，可触发刀片反向。当电机在失速状态下被重新供电时，往复运动的刀片因此反向，以清除失速状态。
植物切割器可包括传动装置，其被构造成允许从正向的速比转变为低速比反向传动。其作用有助于解除刀片阻碍，并特别适合于仅临时需要刀片运动反向的实施例。
本发明对树篱切割器和其它植物切割装置中的刀片阻塞的相同技术问题提供了两种解决方案。在一种设置中，当检测到阻塞或者失速状态时，被驱动的切割刀片自动进入反转状态以清理造成失速的植物。在第二种设置中，可以认识到，使用者将通常意识到阻塞或者失速状态，并且将本能地松开某个或两个开关，因此切断电机的动力。这样使阻塞状态下的切割器停下。因此，当重新作用动力到电机时，刀片自动进入反方向旋转。本领域技术人员按照他们对具体植物切割装置的需要将容易能够设计适合的电路以包括上述特征和这类其它特征。

Claims (12)

1.一种切割装置(10)，其为树篱切割器或树篱修剪器，具有至少一个刀片(11、12)，其在操作状态下在两个设定的最大行程点之间可往复移动，所述切割装置(10)还包括电机，其被构造成响应于使用者致动开关装置(16、17)而在两个最大行程点之间驱动可往复移动的所述至少一个刀片(11、12)；
其特征在于，切割装置(10)还设有控制电路，其响应于由控制电路检测到的切割负荷增加而控制所述至少一个可移动刀片(11、12)在最大行程点之间的点处改变移动方向；并且，在使用者持续致动开关装置(16、17)期间，所述控制电路维持这种操作方式。
2.根据权利要求1所述的切割装置(10)，其中，通过电机旋转方向的改变而实现所述改变移动方向。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的切割装置(10)，其中，控制电路包括电流检测电路，在切割负荷增加时，当电流检测电路检测到电机吸入的电流超过预定级别时，控制电路使电机的旋转方向反向。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的切割装置(10)，控制电路包括速度传感器，其被构造成在切割负荷增加时在被驱动的刀片的速度下降到预定级别之下时做出检测。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的切割装置(10)，其中，控制电路被构造成使电机在相反方向上运转少于1分钟的预定时段。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的切割装置(10)，其中，控制电路被构造成使电机在相反方向上运转少于半分钟的预定时段。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的切割装置(10)，其中，控制电路被构造成使电机在相反方向上运转200ms到400ms的预定时段。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的切割装置(10)，还包括变速箱，其设在电机和至少一个刀片之间。
9.根据权利要求8所述的切割装置(10)，其中，变速箱包括正向和反向传动装置，其中，反向传动装置具有比正向传动装置低的速比。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的切割装置(10)，其中，利用充电电池向电机供电。
11.根据权利要求1或2所述的切割装置(10)，其中，利用电池单元向电机供电。
12.根据权利要求1或2所述的切割装置(10)，其中，利用锂离子电池向电机供电。
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EP20070104129 EP1969919B1 (en) 2007-03-14 2007-03-14 Hedge cutting or trimming apparatus
EP07104129.7 2007-03-14

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US20090188361A1 (en) 2009-07-30
CN101263771A (zh) 2008-09-17
EP2338325B1 (en) 2018-05-16
EP2338325A1 (en) 2011-06-29
EP1969919B1 (en) 2012-01-18
US9820445B2 (en) 2017-11-21

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