CN101248257A - 用于再生氮氧化物存储催化转化器的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提出一种用于再生氮氧化物存储催化转化器的方法，用于净化稀燃发动机的排气的氮氧化物存储催化转化器通过将发动机从稀燃模式切换至浓燃模式周期性地再生。再生发生后，发动机切换回稀燃模式。此时，浓排气仍然在排气管中从发动机流向催化转化器，该浓排气通过下面的稀排气经由催化转化器排出到大气中。这样导致了浓排气成分的短暂的排放高峰并且削弱了可以获得的排气净化水平。为了解决所述问题，提出了通过在存储催化转化器的上游喷射空气产生氧化条件，从而仍然在存储催化转化器的排气管上游中流动的浓排气成分在存储催化转化器中可以转换以形成无害的产物。提出的方法可以使得排气净化得到相当大的改善，尤其是在催化转化器由于老化就它们的存储容量而言已经被损坏并且必须比新催化转化器更频繁地再生的情况。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于再生氮氧化物存储催化转化器的方法，该氮氧化物存储催化转换器减少当切换回存储模式时在再生过程中经常发生的碳氢化合物和一氧化碳的短排放高峰。该方法在催化转化器已经由于老化被损坏并且必须比新催化转化器更经常再生的情况下尤其有利。
背景技术
氮氧化物存储催化转化器用来除去包含所谓的稀燃发动机的稀排气中的氮氧化物。这里，净化效果是基于这样的事实，即，在发动机的稀燃工作阶段(存储阶段，稀燃模式)，氮氧化物以硝酸盐形式通过存储催化转化器的存储材料被存储。在随后的发动机的浓燃工作阶段(再生阶段，浓燃模式)，预先形成的硝酸盐被分解并且在存储催化转化器中在浓燃模式过程中用具有还原作用的排气的浓成分转换释放的氮氧化物从而形成氮，二氧化碳和水。排气的浓成分包括碳氢化合物，一氧化碳和氢。
在SAE文件SAE950809中详细说明了氮氧化物存储催化转换器的工作模式。氮氧化物存储催化转化器的成分对本领域技术人员而言是众所周知的。氮氧化物存储材料通常是诸如以精细分布的形式作用从而适当地支持材料的钡和锶的氧化物、氢氧化物或碳酸盐的碱金属或碱土金属的碱性混合。此外，氮氧化物存储催化转化器还具有催化活性的铂族贵金属和氧储存材料。所述成分使得氮氧化物催化转化器在理论工作条件下具有三元催化转化器的功能。
存储阶段(稀燃模式)通常持续100至200秒并且取决于催化转化器的存储容量和排气中的氮氧化物的浓度。在具有减少的存储容量的老化的催化转化器的情况下，然而存储阶段的持续时间还可以下降至50秒至更少。相反地，再生阶段(浓燃模式)总是非常短，并且只持续几秒。在再生期间从氮氧化物存储催化转化器排出的排气基本上没有污染物，并且具有理论成分。在所述时间期间过量空气系数λ近似等于1。
在再生阶段末期，释放的氮氧化物和附属于催化转化器的氧储存部件的氧不再足以氧化所有的浓排气成分。因此存在通过催化转化器的所述成分的拐点，并且过量空气系数下降至低于1的值。所述拐点表示再生的结束并且可以通过存储催化转化器下游的所谓的拉姆达传感器(lambda probe)记录。
因此存储催化转化器的再生不可避免地与碳氢化合物和一氧化碳的短排放高峰相关联，该排放高峰通过以下的影响进一步加强，即发动机与存储催化转化器之间的排气管通常具有有限的长度。在从浓燃模式切换至稀燃模式期间，整个排气管仍然充满了浓排气，由发动机当前的稀排气切换后，该浓排气经由催化转化器排出到大气中。催化转化器不再能够净化所述浓排气的残留部分，由于预先存储，在浓燃模式过程中氧化剂已经被耗费。因此在再生末期存在因此产生的碳氢化合物与一氧化碳的加剧的排放高峰。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种方法，该方法能够减小排放高峰，并且使得整个排气净化得到改进，尤其是在已经老化的存储催化转化器的情况下。
所述目的通过一种用于再生氮氧化物存储催化转化器的方法而获得，所述氮氧化物存储催化转化器布置在稀燃发动机的排气管中，所述方法通过将发动机从具有稀排气的稀燃模式切换至具有浓排气的浓燃模式并且发生再生后再切换回稀燃模式进行再生，其特征在于，切换回稀燃模式后，空气直接喷射到再存储催化转化器的上游的排气中并且因此暂时仍然浓的排气成分变为理想成分或稀成分，直到发动机的当前的稀排气到达存储催化转化器为止。
将空气暂时喷入排气管中已经是公知的，例如，在DE19802631C1中，该文献说明了一种用于稀燃发动机的排气净化系统，该排气净化系统由氮氧化物存储催化转化器和在排气管中布置在其上游的SOX存储催化转化器构成。在所述文献中，使用了附加的空气从而为了脱硫将SOX催化转化器的温度增加至脱硫温度。当保持还原的排气成分的同时在热能释放时用SOX存储催化转化器中排气的还原成分的一部分转换附加空气的氧。发动机从稀燃模式切换至浓燃模式时开始附加空气的喷射。
根据本发明，相反地，从浓燃模式切换至稀燃模式后在发动机与催化转化器之间的排气管中仍然流动的浓排气的成分通过喷射空气变为理想的或超过理想的稀范围，从而存储催化转化器能够用氧转换包含在排气中的还原成分。因此，当从浓燃模式切换至稀燃模式时不可避免地发生的还原排气成分的排放高峰被减少为最小需要水平。
空气喷射的持续时间取决于发动机与催化转化器之间的排气的运行时间，并且该持续时间由排气管的长度和在发动机的各个工作点的排气的流动速度产生。喷射到排气中的空气的量将进入存储催化转化器的进口上游的排气的空气系数变为理想或过理想的稀范围。最好限制空气喷射的强度从而产生气体混合物具有等于或大于1的过量空气系数λ，并且尤其在1和1.3之间，并且最好特别在1和1.05之间。为了通过尽可能低的通过冷空气保持排气的冷却，应避免过于强烈的空气喷射。
附图说明
基于图1和图2将更详细地说明本发明，其中：
图1：示出了用于执行根据本发明的方法的具有排气净化系统和二次空气供给系统的内燃机，
图2：示出了用于执行根据本发明的方法的具有排气净化系统和可替换的二次空气供给系统的内燃机。
具体实施方式
图1中，内燃机(1)配置有包括具有氮氧化物存储催化转化器的转换器壳体(3)的排气净化系统(2)。转换器壳体通过排气管(4)和排气歧管连接到内燃机的气缸上。为了空气喷射，在氮氧化物存储催化转化器的很短距离的上游，配置了二次空气泵(5)。空气供给管(6)在存储催化转化器的很短距离的上游敞开连接至排气系统。该敞开连接点在这里可以位于转换器壳体的很短距离的上游或可以直接在转换器壳体中。计量阀(7)用作测量以准确时间和准确量的空气喷射。
由于已经讨论过，存储催化转化器的再生只是持续几秒，并且甚至在零点几秒后残余的浓排气通过随后的稀排气从发动机的气缸与存储催化转化器之间的排气管中的排出结束。为了确保很快的提供空气，因此最好连续地操作二次空气泵并且通过阀在准确的时间执行空气的测量。然而，始终仅在再生阶段开始时打开二次空气泵并且通过阀执行空气的测量会更节能。空气喷射关闭后，再次关掉二次空气泵。
图2中，内燃机配置有可替换的二次空气供给系统。在所述布置中，配置了压缩空气存储器(8)，从该压缩空气存储器中提取经由阀(7)的用于空气喷射的空气。压缩空气存储器中的压力通过二次空气泵保持在预定的压力区间。当存储器中的压力低于下限值时，二次空气泵总是打开，并且当压力超过预定上限值时关闭。以这种方式，二次空气泵的起动过程便与再生事件无关，并且相对于图1的布置整体而言起动过程的数目减小。
Claims (8)
1、一种用于再生氮氧化物存储催化转化器的方法，所述氮氧化物存储催化转化器布置在稀燃发动机的排气管中，所述方法通过将发动机从具有稀排气的稀燃模式切换至具有浓排气的浓燃模式并且发生再生后再切换回稀燃模式进行再生，
其特征在于，切换回稀燃模式后，空气直接喷射到在存储催化转化器的上游的排气中，并且因此暂时仍然浓的排气成分变为理想成分或稀成分，直到发动机的当前的稀排气到达存储催化转化器为止。
2、如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，限定喷射到排气中的空气的量，从而所产生的气体混合物具有等于或大于1的过量空气系数λ。
3、如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，限定喷射到排气中的空气的量，从而所产生的气体混合物具有在1和1.05之间的过量空气系数λ。
4、如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，通过二次空气泵(5)提供所需的空气并且在正确的时间通过阀(7)以正确的量混合到排气中。
5、如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，二次空气泵连续地工作。
6、如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，二次空气泵仅在浓燃模式结束之前不久起动并且在空气到排气的供给结束后再次关闭。
7、如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，二次空气泵在浓燃模式开始时起动。
8、如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，二次空气泵将空气供给至压缩空气存储器(8)，从所述压缩空气存储器中空气被提取，用于经由阀(7)空气喷射。
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| DE102005033395.8 | 2005-07-16 | ||
| DE102005033395A DE102005033395B4 (de) | 2005-07-16 | 2005-07-16 | Verfahren zur Regeneration von Stickoxid-Speicherkatalysatoren |
| PCT/EP2006/005994 WO2007009550A1 (de) | 2005-07-16 | 2006-06-22 | Verfahren zur regeneration von stickoxid-speicherkatalysatoren |
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| CN101248257B CN101248257B (zh) | 2010-09-22 |
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| EP (1) | EP1907675B1 (zh) |
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| CN (1) | CN101248257B (zh) |
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| CN110608080A (zh) * | 2018-06-14 | 2019-12-24 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | 用于控制内燃机的方法和设备 |
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| JP5141473B2 (ja) * | 2008-09-26 | 2013-02-13 | いすゞ自動車株式会社 | 排気ガス浄化システム及び排気ガス浄化方法 |
| KR101734713B1 (ko) | 2015-12-10 | 2017-05-24 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 연료소모저감을 위한 삼원촉매 제어방법과 삼원촉매제어시스템 및 차량 |
| DE102021103073A1 (de) | 2021-02-10 | 2021-10-28 | Audi Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Antriebseinrichtung für ein Kraftfahrzeug sowie entsprechende Antriebseinrichtung |
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| JP2658753B2 (ja) * | 1992-07-30 | 1997-09-30 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
| JP2845055B2 (ja) | 1992-10-13 | 1999-01-13 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
| JP2830655B2 (ja) * | 1992-10-14 | 1998-12-02 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
| JP2830668B2 (ja) * | 1992-12-29 | 1998-12-02 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
| JP2760251B2 (ja) | 1993-03-12 | 1998-05-28 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気ガス浄化装置 |
| JP3246086B2 (ja) * | 1993-06-11 | 2002-01-15 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
| JP3344040B2 (ja) * | 1993-11-25 | 2002-11-11 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
| US5746049A (en) * | 1996-12-13 | 1998-05-05 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for estimating and controlling no x trap temperature |
| US5722236A (en) * | 1996-12-13 | 1998-03-03 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Adaptive exhaust temperature estimation and control |
| DE19802631C1 (de) * | 1998-01-24 | 1999-07-22 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Reinigen von Abgasen eines Verbrennungsmotors |
| DE19816276C2 (de) | 1998-04-11 | 2000-05-18 | Audi Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine |
| DE19842625C2 (de) * | 1998-09-17 | 2003-03-27 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Verbrennungsmotoranlage mit schwefelanreichernder Abgasreinigungskomponente und damit betreibbare Verbrennungsmotoranlage |
| JP4114322B2 (ja) * | 2000-03-30 | 2008-07-09 | 三菱自動車工業株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
| JP4042399B2 (ja) * | 2001-12-12 | 2008-02-06 | 三菱自動車工業株式会社 | 排気浄化装置 |
| JP4304428B2 (ja) * | 2003-02-07 | 2009-07-29 | いすゞ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気ガス浄化システム |
| DE10326592A1 (de) * | 2003-06-13 | 2004-12-30 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Verfahren zur Regeneration eines NOx-Speicherkatalysators in einer Abgasanlage einer direkteinspritzenden Ottobrennkraftmaschine |
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| CN110608080A (zh) * | 2018-06-14 | 2019-12-24 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | 用于控制内燃机的方法和设备 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| BRPI0612863B1 (pt) | 2018-06-26 |
| KR101281485B1 (ko) | 2013-07-03 |
| BRPI0612863A2 (pt) | 2010-11-30 |
| EP1907675B1 (de) | 2008-10-29 |
| DE102005033395A1 (de) | 2007-01-25 |
| RU2008105358A (ru) | 2009-08-27 |
| ATE412819T1 (de) | 2008-11-15 |
| EP1907675A1 (de) | 2008-04-09 |
| JP2009501864A (ja) | 2009-01-22 |
| CN101248257B (zh) | 2010-09-22 |
| DE102005033395B4 (de) | 2007-06-06 |
| JP4728395B2 (ja) | 2011-07-20 |
| WO2007009550A1 (de) | 2007-01-25 |
| US20090145112A1 (en) | 2009-06-11 |
| RU2402684C2 (ru) | 2010-10-27 |
| KR20080026175A (ko) | 2008-03-24 |
| DE502006001956D1 (de) | 2008-12-11 |
| US7905087B2 (en) | 2011-03-15 |
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