CN101248069A - 雄激素受体调节剂及用其治疗疾病的方法 - Google Patents
雄激素受体调节剂及用其治疗疾病的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101248069A CN101248069A CNA2005800238644A CN200580023864A CN101248069A CN 101248069 A CN101248069 A CN 101248069A CN A2005800238644 A CNA2005800238644 A CN A2005800238644A CN 200580023864 A CN200580023864 A CN 200580023864A CN 101248069 A CN101248069 A CN 101248069A
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- naphthalene
- azabicyclic
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Abstract
本发明公开了选择性调节细胞核受体,优选调节雄激素受体的通式(I)的二环芳基化合物,或其药物可接受的盐、酯、酰胺或前药,以及治疗疾病的方法,该方法包括将通式(I)化合物对需要该化合物的患者给药。
Description
相关申请
本申请是Schlienger等人于2005年5月17日提交的序号为60/571,961及题目为“雄激素受体调节剂及用其治疗疾病的方法”的美国临时专利申请的正式申请,并要求该美国临时申请的优先权,在此将其全部的公开内容,包括任何附图引入作为参考。
发明背景
发明领域
本发明涉及新的化合物以及将其用于医药用途和/或调节雄激素受体的方法。
相关技术说明
雄激素受体(AR)属于核激素受体家族。核激素受体定义了配体活化的转录因子的超家族。此家族成员具有许多模块化区域特征:引发受体与在DNA位点的特异应答元件相互作用的锌指DNA结合域(DBD),与DBD相邻的配体结合域(LBD),两个转录活化域AF-1和AF-2,AF-1和AF-2分别是不依赖配体的以及依赖配体的。配体与受体结合时,在LBD内发生构象变化,这使AF-2域更加接近,并允许征集辅激活物。辅激活物产生了核激素受体和转录机组件之间的物理相互作用,建立了靶基因的转录调节。
类固醇性激素睾酮和更有效的二羟基睾酮(DHT)代表了AR内源性配体。通过受体的活化,这些“雄性性激素”调节了许多生理过程,最明显的是第一及第二雄性特征。
已经对血浆睾酮水平下降的临床症状,也称性腺功能减退症,进行了广泛的研究。例如,患有这种疾病状态的儿童表现出完全没有青春期发育。青春期的延迟导致心理学问题,其次是身材矮小和/或延迟获得第二性征以及骨质量的减少。此外,多个流行病学研究证实血浆睾酮水平随着人的衰老而逐渐降低。平均四分之一的男性在六十岁时表现出临床的性腺功能减退症。在八十岁的男性中此疾病状态甚至更为普遍,其中在此年龄群的50%-80%男性临床上患有性腺功能减退症。也在老年女性中发现降低的睾酮血浆水平。年龄相关的性腺功能减退症伴随着从身体表现(肌肉、骨骼密度流失)到心理问题(心境障碍、认知、性欲降低)的生活质量上的明显损害。此疾病状态也被称为“男性的更年期”(male menopause)或“男性更年期”(andropause)。
目前的治疗依赖于睾酮及睾酮类似物的使用。它们是男性青春期延迟、男性能育性延迟以及子宫内膜异位症的治疗选择。因为此类类固醇激素的强合成代谢作用,它们在治疗上被许可用于恢复烧伤患者的骨骼肌质量。许多安慰剂对照的临床研究报道了在老年人中对雄激素激动剂的治疗益处。特别地,有报告证明睾酮替代疗法在改善年龄相关的性腺功能减退症的众多方面,如骨密度、合成代谢、性欲、心境障碍(缺乏活力、健康)和认知,以及在眼科学领域,在治疗诸如干眼病等病症中有益处。最近的研究强调了睾酮水平的降低与阿尔茨海默病发病率的提高之间的相互关系。
由于增强的首过代谢和肝毒性,睾酮和睾酮类似物的口服制剂是无效的,长效酯类的肌内注射剂型构成了睾酮替代疗法的基础。然而,由这些制剂引起的血清睾酮水平的大幅度波动在一些人中造成了情绪和性功能的令人不满意的变化;再结合频繁注射,这种输送模式远非理想。相反,经皮肤的睾酮贴剂显示出更良好的药物代谢动力学特征并被证明是有效的输送模式。然而,睾酮贴剂系统(尤其是阴囊贴剂)却有高比率的皮肤刺激性。最近,睾酮凝胶得到了认可。凝胶每日在皮肤使用一次,其量足够大以输送足够量的睾酮以便恢复正常的激素值并改善性腺功能减退的征兆和症状。然而尽管其非常有效,这种应用模式增加了充分且一致输送的问题。
最后,这些类固醇替代疗法的应用被广泛认为会导致前列腺体积的增加。睾酮和睾酮类似物的产生雄性征的性质构成附加的且显著的前列腺癌风险。
发明概述
本发明一方面提供了选择性调节细胞核受体,优选调节雄激素受体的通式(I)化合物或其药物可接受的盐、其酯类、其酰胺或其前药。
其中
R1和R2均独立地选自氢、低级烷基、烯基、炔基、卤素、硝基、氰基、羟基、氨基、低级氨烷基、低级烃氧基、芳基、杂芳基、COOR4、CONR4R5、NHCOR4、NHSO2R4、OCOR4、COR4、SR4、S(O)nR8、SO2NR8R9;
R3选自氰基、硝基、S(O)nR8、SO2NR8R9、OSO2R4、P(O)(OR4)(OR5)、P(O)(OH)(NR4R5)、PO(NR4R5)2、COOR4;
环A是5元或6元的,任选为芳香性的、部分饱和的或完全饱和的碳环或杂环,含有最多两个杂原子或杂基团(heterogroups),该杂原子或杂基团选自NR6R7、O、SO2、S、C=O和C=S;
环B是任意取代的单环或双环杂环,含有最多三个杂原子或杂基团,该杂原子或杂基团选自NR6R7、O、SO2、S、C=O和C=S;
Y1和Y2为CR6R7;
R4和R5均独立地选自氢、氰基、任意取代的烷基、任意取代的烯基、任意取代的炔基、任意取代的环烃基、任意取代的杂环基烷基、任意取代的芳烷基、任意取代的芳基、任意取代的杂芳烷基、任意取代的杂芳基;
R6和R7均独立地选自氢、卤素、氰基、羟基、任意取代的烷基、任意取代的烯基、任意取代的炔基、任意取代的环烃基、任意取代的杂环基烷基、任意取代的芳烷基、任意取代的芳基、任意取代的杂芳烷基、任意取代的杂芳基、OR4、NR4R5、SR4、COR4、COOR4、CONR4R5、NHCOR4、OCOR4、CSR4、CSOR4、CSNR4R5、NHCSR4、OCSR4、S(O)nR4、SO2NR4R5、OSO2R4、NHSO2R4;
R8和R9均独立地选自氢、任意取代的烷基、任意取代的烯基、任意取代的炔基、任意取代的环烃基、任意取代的杂环基烷基、任意取代的芳烷基、任意取代的杂芳烷基;以及
n为1至3的整数。
另一方面,本发明涉及通式(I)化合物对患者的给药,以便治疗患者的疾病状态。在多个实施方案中,被治疗的疾病状态包括性腺功能减退,低于正常的睾酮血浆水平,不孕症,性唤起障碍,性欲高潮障碍,性欲障碍,因恶病质、HIV消瘦或危重疾病引起的肌肉萎缩,肌肉减少症,脆弱,身材矮小症,侏儒症,骨密度流失,心境障碍包括缺乏健康、缺乏活力、愤怒、易怒、悲伤、疲劳、神经质、抑郁,包括语言流畅和空间记忆的认知功能的受损,神经变性病症包括阿耳茨海默(氏)病、轻度认知损伤(MCI)、路易小体痴呆症和额颞叶痴呆症,干眼病,代谢性病症包括血脂异常、动脉粥样硬化和非胰岛素依赖性糖尿病(NIDDM),心血管病症包括但不限于高血压、冠状动脉疾病和心肌灌注,肥胖症,贫血症,前列腺癌和精神分裂症。在其它实施方案中,可将通式(I)化合物对患者给药以预防该患者的疾病状态。在多个实施方案中,所预防的疾病状态包括骨密度流失;干眼病;代谢性病症包括血脂异常、动脉粥样硬化和非胰岛素依赖性糖尿病(NIDDM);心血管病症包括但不限于高血压、冠状动脉疾病和心肌灌注,肥胖症和前列腺癌。
附图的简要说明
图1显示了3mg/kg、10mg/kg或30mg/kg的116BG33或0.1mg/kg的丙酸睾酮(TP)每天皮下给药两周对前列腺湿重的作用。
图2显示了3mg/kg、10mg/kg或30mg/kg的116BG33或0.1mg/kg的丙酸睾酮(TP)每天皮下给药两周对精囊湿重的作用。
图3显示了去势后促黄体生成素的血浆水平增长了约4-5倍。
图4显示了与载体比较,丙酸睾酮(TP)以1mg/kg的剂量每天皮下给药两周对前列腺的湿组织重量的作用。
图5显示了与载体比较,丙酸睾酮(TP)以1mg/kg的剂量每天皮下给药两周对精囊的湿组织重量的作用。
图6显示了与载体比较,丙酸睾酮(TP)以1mg/kg的剂量每天皮下给药两周对肛提肌的湿组织重量的作用。
图7显示了去势后,促黄体生成素(LH)的血浆水平增长了约3-4倍。
优选实施方案的详细说明
因为甾体AR配体的不受欢迎的副作用,已开始寻求选择性的雄激素受体调节剂或SARMs。这类配体比目前的甾体疗法表现了更好的药代动力学和专一性特征谱。特别地,非甾体类SARMs表现出明显的治疗益处,但无产生雄性征的性质。这些不良的产生雄性征的作用包括诸如前列腺肥大、痤疮、多毛症、男性化(virilization)和雄性化(masculinization)等现象。第二代SARMs通过表现出阳性的合成代谢性质和拮抗的产生雄性征的组分而具备额外的治疗益处。SARMs的另一令人期望的特征是显著的生物利用度。在一些实施方案中,以“一天一次”定量给药药丸的方式提供SARMs。
因此,一方面,本发明提供了选择性调节细胞核受体,优选调节雄激素受体的通式(I)化合物。
其中
R1和R2均独立地选自氢、低级烷基、烯基、炔基、卤素、硝基、氰基、羟基、氨基、低级氨烷基、低级烃氧基、芳基、杂芳基、COOR4、CONR4R5、NHCOR4、NHSO2R4、OCOR4、COR4、SR4、S(O)nR8、SO2NR8R9;
R3选自氰基、硝基、S(O)nR8、SO2NR8R9、OSO2R4、P(O)(OR4)(OR5)、P(O)(OH)(NR4R5)、PO(NR4R5)2、COOR4;
环A是5元或6元的,任选为芳香性的、部分饱和的或完全饱和的碳环或杂环,含有最多两个杂原子,该杂原子选自NR6R7、O、SO2、S、C=O和C=S;
环B是任意取代的单环或双环杂环,含有最多三个杂原子或杂基团,该杂原子或杂基团选自NR6R7、O、SO2、S、C=O和C=S;
Y1和Y2为CR6R7;
R4和R5均独立地选自氢、氰基、任意取代的烷基、任意取代的烯基、任意取代的炔基、任意取代的环烃基、任意取代的杂环基烷基、任意取代的芳烷基、任意取代的芳基、任意取代的杂芳烷基、任意取代的杂芳基;
R6和R7均独立地选自氢、卤素、氰基、羟基、任意取代的烷基、任意取代的烯基、任意取代的炔基、任意取代的环烃基、任意取代的杂环基烷基、任意取代的芳烷基、任意取代的芳基、任意取代的杂芳烷基、任意取代的杂芳基、OR4、NR4R5、SR4、COR4、COOR4、CONR4R5、NHCOR4、OCOR4、CSR4、CSOR4、CSNR4R5、NHCSR4、OCSR4、S(O)nR4、SO2NR4R5、OSO2R4、NHSO2R4;
R8和R9均独立地选自氢、任意取代的烷基、任意取代的烯基、任意取代的炔基、任意取代的环烃基、任意取代的杂环基烷基、任意取代的芳烷基、任意取代的杂芳烷基;以及
n为1至3的整数。
在一些实施方案中,通式(I)化合物不为4-哌啶-1-基萘-1-甲腈。在其它实施方案中,通式(I)化合物不为4-哌啶-1-基萘-1-甲腈。在其它实施方案中,通式(I)化合物不为4-哌啶-1-基萘-1-甲腈。
本文所用的“杂基团”指的是含两个或多个原子且至少一个原子不为碳或氢的基团。因此,在环中的羰基基团(C=O)或硫羰基基团(C=S)或取代的氮原子(NRR’)是杂基团的实例。
本发明的化合物可以单独使用,或与本发明中的其它化合物联合使用,或与本文所述的治疗领域中的一种或多种其它活性试剂联合使用。
一些实施方案包括其前药、其立体异构体或其药物可接受的盐。在一实施方案中,环A为芳环、杂芳环或脂肪环。在一些实施方案中,环A为苯、环己基或吡啶。在一实施方案中,环B为二环杂环。在一实施方案中,环B为托烷(tropane)或任意取代的托烷。在一实施方案中,R3为氰基或硝基。在一实施方案中,环B任意被一个或多个选自如下的基团取代:氢、卤素、羟基、任意取代的烃氧基、任意取代的烷基、任意取代的烯基、任意取代的炔基、任意取代的氨烷基和NHCOR4。在一实施方案中,环B任意被一个或多个羟基取代。在一实施方案中,R6或R7为羟基或烷基。一些实施方案包括前药酯、碳酸酯、氨基甲酸酯、硫酸酯、酰胺、磷酸酯或氨基磷酸酯衍生物。
在一实施方案中,环B仅包括如上所述的二环或三环的非芳香杂环。在一实施方案中,环B不包括哌嗪或1,4-二氮杂卓。
在一些实施方案中,提供了通式(I)化合物的前药、代谢产物、立体异构体和药物可接受的盐。
“前药”指在体内转化为母体药物的试剂。前药通常是有用的,因为在某些情况下,它们比母体药物更易于给药。他们可以是,例如通过口服给药而被生物利用,而母体药物则不能。相对于母体药物,前药还可以具有改善的在药物组合物中的溶解度。用于选择和制备合适的前药衍生物的常规操作在例如Design of Prodrugs(前药设计)(ed.H.Bundgaard,Elsevier,1985)中有描述,在此将其全部内容引入作为参考。本发明所用的前药的非限制性实例包括例如通过在如下参考文献中描述的操作来促进醇的溶解度的前药:Mahfous,N.H.等人J,Pharm.Pharmacol.,53,841-848(2001)和Bundgaard,H.等人,J.Med.Chem.,32,2503-2507(1989),在此将两个参考文献的全部内容引入作为参考。
术语“前药酯”指本文公开的化合物的衍生物,其通过引入多种在生理条件下水解的成酯基团中的任意基团而形成。前药酯基团的实例包括pivoyloxymethy1、乙酰氧基甲基、2-苯并[c]呋喃酮亚基、2,3-二氢化茚基和甲氧基甲基,以及本领域已知的其它这类基团,包括(5-R-2-氧代-1,3-二氧杂环戊烯-4-基)甲基基团。前药酯基团的其它实例可在如下文献中找到:例如,T.Higuchi和V.Stella,在“Prodrugs asNovel Delivery Systems”(作为新颖的输送系统的前药),第14卷,A.C.S.Symposium Series,American Chemical Society(1975);和“Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design:Theory and Application”(药物设计中生物可逆性载体:原理和应用”),E.B.Roche编辑,Pergamon出版社:纽约,14-21(1987)(为含有羧基的化合物提供可用作前药的酯的例子)。本文将每一上述参考文献全文引入作为参考。
通式(I)化合物的代谢物包括将该化合物引入生物学环境时产生的活性物质。
当通式(I)化合物具有至少一个手性中心时,其可作为外消旋化合物或对映异构体存在。应注意所有这类异构体及其混合物均包括在本发明的范围之内。此外,通式(I)化合物的一些晶形可以多晶型物存在。本发明的一实施方案包括这类多晶型物。另外,本发明的一些化合物可与水(即,水合物)或普通的有机溶剂形成溶剂化物。本发明的一实施方案包括这类溶剂化物。
术语“药物可接受的盐”指不对被给药的生物体产生明显刺激的、且不消除化合物的生物活性和性质的该化合物的盐。在一些实施方案中,所述盐为化合物的酸加合盐。可通过使化合物与诸如氢卤酸(例如,氢氯酸或氢溴酸)、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸等的无机酸反应得到药物盐。也可通过使化合物与有机酸反应得到药物盐,该有机酸例如为脂肪族或芳香族的羧酸或磺酸,如醋酸、琥珀酸、乳酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、抗坏血酸、烟酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、水杨酸或萘磺酸。还可通过化合物与碱反应形成盐来得到药物盐,例如铵盐,诸如钠盐或钾盐等的碱金属盐,诸如钙盐或镁盐等的碱土金属盐,诸如二环己基胺、N-甲基-D-葡萄糖胺、三(羟甲基)甲胺、C1-C7烷基胺、环己基胺、三乙醇胺、乙二胺等的有机碱的盐,以及诸如精氨酸、赖氨酸等的氨基酸的盐。
如果药物制剂的制备涉及药物赋形剂与盐形式的活性成分的直接混合,则优选使用非碱性的即酸性或中性的药物赋形剂。
在多种实施方案中,通式(I)化合物可单独使用,或与通式(I)的其它化合物联合使用,或与本文所述的治疗领域内的一种或多种其它活性剂联合使用。
本文所用的术语“卤原子”指的是元素周期表第7列的任一放射稳定的原子,例如,氟、氯、溴或碘,优选氟和氯。
术语“酯”指具有通式-(R)n-COOR’的化学部分,其中R和R’独立地选自烷基、环烃基、芳基、杂芳基(通过环碳键合的)、杂环基烷基、芳烷基或杂芳烷基、环烃基烷基(通过烷基连接部分键合的环)和杂脂环(通过环碳键合的),以及其中n为0或1。
“酰胺”是具有式-(R)n-C(O)NHR’或-(R)n-NHC(O)R’的化学部分,其中R和R’独立地选自烷基、环烃基、芳基、杂芳基(通过环碳键合)、杂环基烷基、芳烷基或杂芳烷基、环烃基烷基(通过烷基连接部分键合的环)和杂脂环(通过环碳键合的),以及其中n为0或1。酰胺可以是与本发明的分子相连接的氨基酸或肽,从而形成前药。
在本发明化合物上的任何胺、羟基或羧基侧链可被酯化或酰胺化。用于实现此目的的方法和具体基团是本领域内技术人员公知的,并可轻而易举地从诸如Greene和Wuts,“Protective Groups in OrganicSynthesis”(有机合成中的保护基团),第三版,John Wiley&Sons,NewYork,NY,1999年的参考资源中找到,在此将其全文引用。
术语“芳香性的”指含有至少一个具有共轭π电子体系的环的芳香族基团,并且包括碳环芳基(如苯基)和杂环芳基(如吡啶)。该术语包括单环或稠环多环(即共用相邻的碳原子对的环)基团。术语“碳环”是指含有一个或多个共价闭合的环结构的化合物,并且形成该环骨架的原子都是碳原子。该术语由此将碳环与环骨架含有至少一个非碳原子的杂环区别开来。术语“杂芳香族”是指含有至少一个杂环的芳基。
本发明所用的术语“烷基”指任何无支链的或支链的、取代或未取代的饱和烃。该烷基部分可以是支链的、支链的或环状的。该烷基基团可具有1至20个碳原子(尽管本定义还涵盖了未指定数值范围的术语“烷基”的情况,但无论在本文中何处出现,诸如“1至20”的数值范围是指在该给定范围内的每一整数;例如,“1至20个碳原子”意为所述烷基基团可由1个碳原子、2个碳原子、3个碳原子等等直到且包括20个碳原子组成)。所述烷基基团还可以是具有1至10个碳原子的中等大小的烷基。烷基基团也可以是具有1至5个碳原子的低级烷基。烷基基团可被指定为“C1-C4烷基”或相似的名称。仅作为实例,“C1-C4烷基”表示烷基链中存在1至4个碳原子,即,该烷基链选自甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基和叔丁基。
所述烷基基团可以是取代或未取代的。当被取代时,取代基是一个或多个单独地且独立地选自如下的基团:取代或未取代的环烃基、取代或未取代的环烯基、取代或未取代的芳基、取代或未取代的杂芳基、取代或未取代的杂芳氧基、杂环基、杂环基氧基、杂脂环基、羟基、取代或未取代的烃氧基、取代或未取代的芳氧基、酰基、硫羟基、取代或未取代的硫代烷氧基、烷硫基、芳硫基、氰基、卤素、羰基、硫代羰基、酰基烷基、酰氨基、酰氧基、氨基酰基、氨基酰氧基、氧基酰氨基、酮基、硫代酮基、O-氨基甲酰基、N-氨基甲酰基、O-硫代氨基甲酰基、N-硫代氨基甲酰基、C-酰氨基、N-酰氨基、S-亚磺酰氨基、N-亚磺酰氨基、C-羧基、O-羧基、异氰酸基、氰硫基、异氰硫基、硝基、甲硅烷基、三卤代甲烷磺酰基、和包括单取代及二取代的氨基基团在内的取代或未取代的氨基、及上述基团的被保护的衍生物、羟基氨基、烃氧基氨基、硝基、-SO-烷基、-SO-取代的烷基、-SO-芳基、-SO-杂芳基、-SO2-烷基、-SO2-取代的烷基、-SO2-芳基、-SO2-杂芳基。典型的烃基基团包括,但不限于甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、戊基、己基、乙烯基、丙烯基、丁烯基、环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基等等。当取代基被描述为“任意取代”时,该取代基可以被上述取代基中的任意一种所取代。
在本文中,术语“环烃基”旨在涵盖仅含有碳原子的3、4、5、6、7和8或更多元环。环烃基可任意地包含一个或多个以不形成芳香π电子体系的方式存在的不饱和键。“环烃基”的一些实例为碳环类环丙烷、环丁烷、环戊烷、环戊烯、环戊二烯、环己烷、环己烯、1,3-环己二烯、1,4-环己二烯、环庚烷或环庚烯。
“烯基”部分是指由至少两个碳原子及至少一个碳碳双键组成的基团。烯基可以是无支链的或支链的、取代或未取代的不饱和烃,包括多不饱和烃。在一些实施方案中,所述烯基为C1-C6无支链的、单不饱和的或二不饱和的、未取代的烃。术语“环烯基”是指任何非芳香族的烃环,优选具有5至12个原子的环。
“炔”部分是指由至少两个碳原子及至少一个碳碳三键组成的基团。
单独出现且没有数字标示的取代基“R”是指选自烃基、环烃基、芳基、杂芳基(通过环碳键合的)和杂脂环基(通过环碳键合的)取代基。
术语“烃氧基”指的是任何无支链的或支链的、取代或未取代的、饱和或不饱和的醚、优选C1-C6的无支链的饱和的未取代的醚类,优选甲氧基、也优选二甲基醚、二乙基醚、甲基-异丁基醚和甲基-叔丁基醚。术语“环烃氧基”指任何非芳香族的烃环,优选具有5至12个原子的环。
“O-羧基”是指RC(=O)O-基团,其中R如本文所定义。
“C-羧基”是指-C(=O)OR基团,其中R如本文所定义。
“乙酰基”是指-C(=O)CH3基团。
“三卤代甲烷磺酰基”是指X3CS(=O)2-基团,其中X是卤素。
“氰基”是指-CN基团。
“异氰酸基”是指-NCO基团。
“氰硫基”是指-CNS基团。
“异氰硫基”是指-NCS基团。
“亚磺酰基”是指-S(=O)-R基团,R如本文所定义。
“S-亚磺酰氨基”是指-S(=O)2NR基团,R如本文所定义。
“N-亚磺酰氨基”是指RS(=O)2NH-基团,R如本文所定义。
“三卤代甲烷亚磺酰氨基”是指X3CS(=O)2NR-基团,R如本文所定义。
“O-氨基甲酰基”是指-OC(=O)-NR基团,R如本文所定义。
“N-氨基甲酰基”是指ROC(=O)NH-基团,R如本文所定义。
“O-硫代氨基甲酰基”是指-OC(=S)-NR基团,R如本文所定义。
“N-硫代氨基甲酰基”是指ROC(=S)NH-基团,R如本文所定义。
“C-酰氨基”是指-C(=O)-NR2基团,R如本文所定义。
“N-酰氨基”是指RC(=O)NH-基团,R如本文所定义。
术语“全卤代烷基”是指所有的氢原子被卤素原子取代的烷基基团。
术语“酰基烷基”指的是RC(=O)R’-基团,R为本文所定义的,以及R’为二价亚烃基基团。酰基烷基的实例可包括(不限于)CH3C(=O)CH2-,CH3C(=O)CH2CH2-,CH3CH2C(=O)CH2CH2-,CH3C(=O)CH2CH2CH2-等等。
术语“氨烷基”指的是选自-RNR’R”,-RNHR’和-RNH2的取代基,其中R、R’、R”独立地为如本文所定义的R。
除非另有说明,当认为取代基被“任意取代”时,则意味着该取代基可被一个或多个单独且独立地选自如下的基团取代:吗啉代烷酸酯、环烃基、芳基、杂芳基、杂脂环基、羟基、烃氧基、芳氧基、巯基、烃硫基、芳硫基、氰基、卤代、羰基、硫代羰基、O-氨基甲酰基、N-氨基甲酰基、O-硫代氨基甲酰基、N-硫代氨基甲酰基、C-酰氨基、N-酰氨基、S-亚磺酰氨基、N-亚磺酰氨基、C-羧基、O-羧基、异氰酸基、氰硫基、异氰硫基、硝基、甲硅烷基、三卤代甲烷磺酰基,和氨基包括单取代或二取代氨基基团,及上述基团的被保护的衍生物。可形成上述取代基的保护衍生物的保护基是本领域内技术人员公知的,且可在诸如上述的Greene和Wuts等参考文献中找到。
术语“杂环基”意指3、4、5、6、7和8元或更多元环,其中碳原子和1至3个杂原子共同构成所述环。杂环基可任意地包含一个或多个以不形成芳香族π电子体系的方式存在的不饱和键。该杂原子独立地选自氧、硫和氮。
杂环基还可含有一个或多个羰基或硫代羰基官能团,以便使该定义包括氧代-体系和硫代-体系,如内酰胺、内酯、环状酰亚胺、环状硫代酰亚胺、环状氨基甲酸酯等。
杂环还可任意地与芳环稠合,因此该定义包括二环结构。通常这种稠合的杂环基基团与任意取代的苯环共享一个键。苯并-稠合的杂环基基团的实例包括但不限于苯并咪唑啉酮、四氢喹啉和亚甲基二苯酚环结构。
“杂环基”的一些实例包括,但不限于四氢噻喃、4H-吡喃、四氢吡喃、哌啶、1,3-二噁英、1,3-二噁烷、1,4-二噁英、1,4-二噁烷、哌嗪、1,3-氧硫杂环己烷、1,4-氧硫杂环己二烯、1,4-氧硫杂环己烷、四氢-1,4-噻嗪、2H-1,2-噁嗪、马来酰亚胺、琥珀酰亚胺、巴比妥酸、硫代巴比妥酸、二氧代哌嗪、乙内酰脲、二氢尿嘧啶、吗啉、三噁烷、六氢-1,3,5-三嗪、四氢噻吩、四氢呋喃、吡咯啉、吡咯烷、吡咯烷酮、吡咯烷二酮、吡唑啉、吡唑烷、咪唑啉、咪唑烷、1,3-间二氧杂环戊烯、1,3-二氧戊环、1,3-二硫杂环戊二烯、1,3-二硫戊环、异噁唑啉、异噁唑烷(isoxazolidine)、噁唑啉、噁唑烷、噁唑烷酮、噻唑啉、噻唑烷和1,3-氧硫杂环戊烷。与杂环的成键可以在杂原子位置处或通过该杂环的碳原子,或对于苯并稠合衍生物,通过该苯型环的碳。
在本文中,术语“芳基”意指碳环芳香环或环系。此外,术语“芳基”包括稠合环系,其中至少两个芳环、或者至少一个芳环与至少一个C3-8环烃基共享至少一个化学键。“芳基”环的一些实例包括任意取代的苯基、萘基、菲基、蒽基、四氢萘基(tetraline)、茚基和茚满基。术语“芳基”涉及芳香族的,包括,例如通过成环碳原子之一连接的,并任选地带有一个或多个取代基的苯环型基团,所述取代基选自杂环基、杂芳基、卤代、羟基、氨基、氰基、硝基、烷基酰胺基、酰基、C1-6烃氧基、C1-6烷基、C1-6羟烷基、C1-6氨烷基、C1-6烷氨基、烷基亚磺酰基、烷基亚硫酰基、烷基磺酰基、氨磺酰基或三氟甲基。芳基基团可在对位和/间位被取代。在其它实施方案中,芳基基团可在邻位被取代。芳基基团的代表性实例包括,但不限于,苯基、3-卤代苯基、4-卤代苯基、3-羟基苯基、4-羟基苯基、3-氨基苯基、4-氨基苯基、3-甲基苯基、4-甲基苯基、3-甲氧基苯基、4-甲氧基苯基、4-三氟甲氧基苯基、3-氰基苯基、4-氰基苯基、二甲基苯基、萘基、羟基萘基、羟甲基苯基、三氟甲基苯基、烃氧基苯基、4-吗啉-4-基苯基、4-吡咯烷-1-基苯基、4-吡唑基苯基、4-三唑基苯基和4-(2-氧代吡咯烷-1-基)苯基。
在本文中,术语“杂芳基”意指杂环芳香族基团,其中在芳环中的一个或多个碳原子被一个或多个选自氮、硫、磷和氧的杂原子所替代。
此外,在本文中,术语“杂芳基”包含稠合环系,其中至少一个芳环与至少一个杂芳环、至少两个杂芳环、至少一个杂芳环与至少一个杂环,或者至少一个杂芳环与至少一个环烃环共享至少一个化学键。
术语“杂芳基”被理解为涉及芳香性的含有一个氧原子或硫原子或最多4个氮原子、或一个氧原子或硫原子与最多两个氮原子组合的C3-8环状基团,及其取代的及苯-和吡啶-稠合的衍生物,例如通过成环碳原子之一连接。杂芳基可带有一个或多个取代基,所述取代基选自卤素、羟基、氨基、氰基、硝基、烷基酰胺基、酰基、C1-6烃氧基、C1-6烷基、C1-6羟烷基、C1-6氨烷基、C1-6烷氨基、烷基亚磺酰基、烷基亚硫酰基、烷基磺酰基、氨磺酰基或三氟甲基。在一些实施方案中,杂芳基可为带有0、1或2个取代基的5元和6元芳香族杂环体系,该取代基彼此可以相同或不同,选自上文所列基团。杂芳基的代表性实例包括,但不限于呋喃、苯并呋喃、噻吩、苯并噻吩、吡咯、吡啶、吲哚、噁唑、苯并噁唑、异噁唑、苯并异噁唑、噻唑、苯并噻唑、异噻唑、咪唑、苯并咪唑、吡唑、吲唑、四唑、喹啉、异喹啉、哒嗪、嘧啶、嘌呤和吡嗪、呋咱、1,2,3-噁二唑、1,2,3-噻二唑、1,2,4-噻二唑、三唑、苯并三唑、鲽啶、吩噁唑、噁二唑、苯并吡唑、喹嗪、噌啉、2,3-二氮杂萘、喹唑啉和喹噁啉。在一些实施方案中,所述取代基为卤代、羟基、氰基、O-C1-6烷基、C1-6烷基、羟基-C1-6烷基和氨基C1-6烷基。
本文所用术语“纯化的”、“基本纯化的”或“分离的”指本发明化合物不含天然状态下其通常关联的其它不相似化合物,因此本发明化合物构成所给样品中物质的至少0.5%、1%、5%、10%或20%重量量比,更优选至少50%或75%重量比。
在某些实施方案中,通式(I)化合物选自:
1-(4-硝基萘-1-基)吡咯烷(116BG33)、
3,5-二甲基-4-(4-硝基萘-1-基)哌啶(116BG35-5)、
1-(4-氰基萘-1-基)哌啶-3-羧酸二乙基酰胺(136BG73-4)、
2,6-二甲基-4-(4-硝基萘-1-基)吗啉(116BG35-23)、
1-(4-硝基萘-1-基)-4-吡咯烷-1-基-哌啶(116BG35-2)、
1-(4-硝基萘-1-基)哌啶(116BG35-6)、
4-甲基-4-(4-硝基萘-1-基)哌啶(116BG35-7)、
1-(4-硝基萘-1-基)哌啶-4-羧酸乙酯(116BG35-1)、
4-(4-硝基萘-1-基)吗啉(116BG35-10)、
2,5-二甲基-4-(4-硝基萘-1-基)吡咯烷(116BG35-24)、
4-(3-羟甲基哌啶-1-基)萘-1-甲腈(136BG73-1)、
4-[4-(2-羟乙基)哌啶-1-基]萘-1-甲腈(136BG73-9)、
4-哌啶-1-基萘-1-甲腈(136BG73-10)、
4-(4-甲基哌啶-1-基)萘-1-甲腈(136BG73-11)、
4-(4-羟基哌啶-1-基)萘-1-甲腈(136BG73-12)、
4-(4-羟甲基哌啶-1-基)萘-1-甲腈(136BG73-13)、
1-(4-氰基萘-1-基)哌啶-4-羧酸酰胺(136BG73-17)、
N-1-(4-氰基萘-1-基)吡咯烷-3-基]-N-甲基乙酰胺(136BG73-18)、
4-(3-二甲氨基吡咯烷-1-基)萘-1-甲腈(136BG73-19)、
4-(3-羟基哌啶-1-基)萘-1-甲腈(136BG73-25)、
4-(2,6-二甲基吗啉-4-基)萘-1-甲腈(136BG73-26)、
4-(3-羟基吡咯烷-1-基)萘-1-甲腈(136BG85-2)、
4-((S)-2-羟甲基吡咯烷-1-基)萘-1-甲腈(136BG85-3-3)、
4-吡咯烷-1-基萘-1-甲腈(136BG65-3)、
4-吡咯烷-1-基萘-1-羧酸乙酯(154BG19)、
4-吡咯烷-1-基萘-1-羧酸(154BG23)、
4-(3-内-羟基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(154BG31)、
4-(3-氧代-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(156AF03-217)、
4-(3-丙氨基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈,盐酸化物(156AF01-222和156AF01-223)、
4-(3-二甲氨基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈,盐酸化物(156AF05-224)、
4-[3-(3-羟丙基氨基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基]萘-1-甲腈,盐酸化物(156AF07-225)、
4-[3-(2-乙氧乙氨基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基]萘-1-甲腈,盐酸化物(156AF09-226和156AF09-227)、
4-{3-[2-(1H咪唑-4-基)乙氨基]-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基}萘-1-甲腈,二盐酸化物(156AF11-229)、
4-(3-环丙基氨基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈,盐酸化物(156AF11-230)、
4-[3-(2-二甲氨基乙氨基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基]萘-1-甲腈,二盐酸化物(156AF11-231)、
4-[3-(环己基甲氨基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基]萘-1-甲腈,盐酸化物(156AF11-232)、
4-{3-[(呋喃-2-基甲基)氨基]-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基}萘-1-甲腈,盐酸化物(156AF11-233)、
4-[3-(2-吗啉-4-基乙氨基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基]萘-1-甲腈,二盐酸化物(156AF11-234)、
4-{3-[(吡啶-2-基甲基)氨基]-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基}萘-1-甲腈,二盐酸化物(156AF11-235)、
4-[3-(2-异丙氧基乙氨基)-8-a-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基]萘-1-甲腈,盐酸化物(156AF11-237)、
4-(1,4-二氧代-8-氮杂螺[4.5]癸-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(156AF14-239)、
4-(3-肟基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(156AF17-240)、
3-氯丙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯(156AF31-245)、
甲氧基乙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯(88PS39)、
3-吗啉-4-基丙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯,盐酸化物(156AF32-246)、
3-(4-乙基哌嗪-1-基)丙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯,盐酸化物(156AF35-247)、
3-二乙氨基丙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯,盐酸化物(88PS37)、
氯乙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯,盐酸化物(156AF36-248)、
吗啉-4-基乙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯,盐酸化物(156AF37-249)、
咪唑-1-基乙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯,盐酸化物(156AF40-251)、
(4-乙基哌嗪-1-基)乙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯,二盐酸化物(156AF42-252)、
二乙基氨基乙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯,盐酸化物(156AF43-253)、
琥珀酸单内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯(156AF48-254)、
三氟乙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯(156AF54-259)、
4-(3,4-二羟基吡咯烷-1-基)萘-1-甲腈(156AF59-258)、
4-(3-外-乙炔基-3-内-羟基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(88PS41)、
4-[3-(2-[1,3]二噁烷-2-基乙基)-3-羟基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基]萘-1-甲腈(156AF53-260)、
4-(内-3-甲氧基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(88PS44)、
(1S,4S)-5-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-2,5-二氮杂二环[2.2.1]庚烷-2-羧酸叔丁酯(165RL03)、
4-((1S,4S)-2,5-二氮杂二环[2.2.1]庚-2-基)萘-1-甲腈盐酸化物(165RL09)、
4-[(1S,4S)-5-(甲氧基乙酰基)-2,5-二氮杂二环[2.2.1]庚-2-基]萘-1-甲腈(165RL10)、
4-((1S,4S)-5-乙酰基-2,5-二氮杂二环[2.2.1]庚-2-基)萘-1-甲腈(165RL11)、
4-[(1S,4S)-5-(2-羟乙基)-2,5-二氮杂二环[2.2.1]庚-2-基]萘-1-甲腈(165RL12)、
4-((1S,4S)-5-甲基-2,5-二氮杂二环[2.2.1]庚-2-基)萘-1-甲腈盐酸化物(165RL15)、
4-(3-氨基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈,盐酸化物(165RL21)、
2-氯-N-[8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基]乙酰胺,盐酸化物(165RL23)、
N-[8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基]-2-(4-乙基哌嗪-1-基)乙酰胺,二盐酸化物(165RL27)、
N-[8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基]-2-二乙氨基乙酰胺,盐酸化物(165RL28)、
2-氰基乙基内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基N,N-二异丙基酰胺基磷酸盐(165RL22)、
内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基N,N-二异丙基酰胺基磷酸氢盐(165RL29)、
1-(3,4-二硝基萘-1-基)吡咯烷,盐酸化物(159JP06)、
1-(4,5,7-三硝基萘-1-基)吡咯烷,盐酸化物(159JP09)、
2-溴-4-吡咯烷-1-基萘-1-甲腈,盐酸化物(159JP07)、
4-吡咯烷-1-基萘-1,3-二腈,盐酸化物(159JP26)、
1-(4,8-二硝基萘-1-基)吡咯烷,盐酸化物(159JP29)、
4-吡咯烷-1-基萘-1-磺酸(139MBT58-C)、
[4-(吡咯烷-1-基)萘-1-基]磷酸二乙酯(139MBT64-B)、
[4-(吡咯烷-1-基)萘-1-基]磷酸单乙酯(139MBT64-2C)、
1-(4-甲烷磺酰基萘-1-基)吡咯烷(139MBT70-B)、
[4-(吡咯烷-1-基)萘-1-基]磺酰胺(139MBT76-C)、
[8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基]脲(139MBT94-C)、
二甲基氨基甲酸(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯(139MBT84-1E)、
4-(4-羟基-4-苯基哌啶-1-基)萘-1-甲腈(196MBT2-4)、
4-氮杂庚环-1-基萘-1-甲腈(196MBT2-6)、
4-(2,5-二甲基-2,5-二氢吡咯-1-基)萘-1-甲腈(196MBT2-7)、
4-(3,6-二氢-2H-吡啶-1-基)萘-1-甲腈(196MBT2-9)、
4-(8-氧代-1,5,6,8-四氢-2H,4H-1,5亚甲基吡啶并[1,2-α][1,5]二氮杂环辛间四烯-3-基)萘-1-甲腈(196MBT2-10)、
4-硫代吗啉-4-基萘-1-甲腈(196MBT2-11)、
4-(4-苄基-4-羟基哌啶-1-基)萘-1-甲腈(196MBT2-16)、
4-(4-氧代-1-苯基-1,3,8-三氮杂-螺[4.5]癸-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(196MBT2-17)、
4-(4-苯甲酰基哌啶-1-基)萘-1-甲腈(196MBT2-19)、
1-(4-氰基萘-1-基)4-苯基哌啶-4-甲腈(196MBT2-20)、
4-((S)-4a-羟基八氢异喹啉-2-基)萘-1-甲腈(196MBT2-24)、
4-(6-甲氧基-3,4-二氢-1H-异喹啉-2-基)萘-1-甲腈(196MBT2-26)、
4-((R)-2-苯基氨基甲基吡咯烷-1-基)萘-1-甲腈(196MBT2-2)、
4-(9-羟基-1,5,7-三甲基-3,7-二氮杂二环[3.3.1]壬-3-基)萘-1-甲腈(196MBT2-13)、
4-(3-内-羟基-3-外-甲基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(156AF70-267)、
4-(3-内-羟基-3-外-丙基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(156AF96-284)、
4-(内-螺[8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛烷-3,2-环氧乙烷]-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(183AF16-294)、
4-[3-外-(4-乙基哌嗪-1-基甲基)-3-内-羟基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基]萘-1-甲腈(183AF18-295)、
4-(3-内-羟基-3-外-羟甲基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(183AF19-296)、
4-(3-外-氰基甲基-3-内-羟基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(183AF21-297)、
4-(3-内-羟基-3-外-{[2-(1H-咪唑-4基)乙氨基]甲基}-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(183AF23-298)、
4-(3-内-羟基-3-外-甲氧基甲基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(183AF24-299)、
7-溴-4-吡咯烷-1-基萘-1-甲腈,盐酸化物和6-溴-4-吡咯烷-1-基萘-1-甲腈,盐酸化物(159JP02-X3)、
4-(8-氮杂螺[4.5]癸-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(159JP61AA)、
4-硝基苯甲酸外-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯(159JP66C)、
4-(3-外-羟基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(159JP68F6)、
4-(3-外-甲氧基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(159JP72A)、
(S)-1-(4-氰基萘-1-基)吡咯烷-2-羧酸甲酯(159JP74A)、
4-(8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(159JP80XX)、
4-(8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(173FBA64b)、
丙烯酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯(159JP79)、
3-吡咯烷-1-基-丙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯,延胡索酸盐(159JP82F6)、
3-咪唑-1-基-丙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯,延胡索酸盐(159JP83A)、
3-吡唑-1-基-丙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯,延胡索酸盐(159JP85A)、
4-(2-甲基-3-氧代-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(159JP84)、
4-(2-甲基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(159JP87A)、
4-(3-外-苄基-3-内-羟基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(159JP92A)、
8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯-2-羧酸甲酯(159JP95C)、
8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛烷-2-羧酸甲酯(159JP97A)、
4-(2-羟甲基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(159JP98C)、
(1R,2R,3S,5S)-3-苯酰氧基-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛烷-2-羧酸甲酯(195JP02A)、
(1R,2R,3S,5S)-4-(3-羟基-2-羟甲基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(195JP05BX)、
2-氰基乙基内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基N,N-二异丙基酰胺基亚磷酸盐(165RL31)、
2-氰基乙基内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基二异丙基酰胺基磷酸盐(165RL37)、
2-氰基乙基乙基内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基磷酸盐(165RL38)、
乙基内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基磷酸氢盐(165RL41)、
双(2-氰基乙基)内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基磷酸盐(165RL42)、
内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基磷酸二氢盐(165RL43)、
2-氰基乙基内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基苯基磷酸盐(165RL44)、
内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基苯基磷酸氢盐(165RL45)、
N-[8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基]乙酰胺(165RL51)、
3-氯-N[8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基]丙酰胺(165RL50)、
N-[8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基]-3-(4-乙基哌嗪-1-基)丙酰胺,二盐酸化物(165RL52)、
N-[8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基]-3-二乙氨基丙酰胺,盐酸化物(165RL53)、
N-[8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基]-3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙酰胺,盐酸化物(165RL55)、
N-[8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基]-2-(乙氧基乙氧基)乙酰胺(165RL57)、
1-(4-氰基萘-1-基)哌啶-3-羧酸乙酯(165RL60)、
4-(2-甲基哌啶-1-基)萘-1-甲腈(165RL62)、
1-(4-氰基萘-1-基)哌啶-3-羧酸(165RL63)、
[1-(4-氰基萘-1-基)哌啶-3-基甲基]氨基甲酸叔丁酯(165RL65)、
4-(3-氨甲基哌啶-1-基)萘-1-甲腈(165RL66)、
N-[1-(4-氰基萘-1-基)哌啶-3-基甲基]乙酰胺(165RL70)、
4-(3-乙氨基甲基哌啶-1-基)萘-1-甲腈盐酸化物(165RL72sec)、
4-(3-二乙氨基甲基哌啶-1-基)萘-1-甲腈盐酸化物(165RL72tert)、
1-(4-氰基萘-1-基)哌啶-3-甲腈(165RL73-3)、
1-(4-氰基萘-1-基)哌啶-3-羧酰胺(165RL73-5)、
4-(3-氟哌啶-1-基)萘-1-甲腈(165RL74)、
反-4-(4-羟基环己氨基)萘-1-甲腈(165RL96)、
甲烷磺酸反-4-(4-氰基萘-1-基氨基)环己酯(165RL97)、
4-(7-氮杂二环[2.2.1]庚-7-基)萘-1-甲腈盐酸化物(198RL01)、
N’-[8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基]-4-甲基苯磺酰腙(173FBA60a)、
4-[2-(羟甲基)哌啶-1-基]萘-1-甲腈(173FBA70e)、
3-外-[8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-3-内-羟基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基]-N,N-二甲基丙酰胺(173FBA51bH)、
2-外-[8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-3-内-羟基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基]-N,N二甲基乙烷磺酰胺(173FBA56b3)、
4-(3-内-羟基-3-外-甲基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈,盐酸化物(197FBA23a)、
4-(3-甲基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(197FBA24c)、
4-吡咯烷-1-基-2,3-二氮杂萘-1-甲腈,盐酸化物(141JP56P2A)、
7-吡咯烷-1-基-苯并[1,2,5]噻二唑-4-甲腈,盐酸化物(141JP57P1)、
1-吡咯烷-1-基-异喹啉-4-甲腈,盐酸化物(141JP71F)、
8-吡咯烷-1-基-喹噁啉-5-甲腈,盐酸化物(141JP76PY)、
5-吡咯烷-1-基-异喹啉-8-甲腈,盐酸化物(141JP79P1)、
8-吡咯烷-1-基-异喹啉-5-甲腈,盐酸化物(141JP79P2A)、
5-硝基-8-吡咯烷-1-基-喹啉,盐酸化物(144AF60-214B)、
1-(4-硝基-5,6,7,8-四氢萘-1-基)吡咯烷(173FBA22a)、
8-硝基-5-吡咯烷-1-基-异喹啉(173FBA26b)、
8-硝基-5-吡咯烷-1-基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉(173FBA29b3)、
5-硝基-8-吡咯烷-1-基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉(173FBA33b)、
1-(8-硝基-5-吡咯烷-1-基-3,4-二氢-1H异喹啉-2-基)乙酮(173FBA35b)、
5-吡咯烷-1-基-喹啉-8-甲腈(88PS18)、
3-哌嗪-1-基丙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯,二盐酸化物(88PS64)、
3-[双(2-羟乙基)氨基]丙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯,延胡索酸盐(88PS65)、
3-(3-二甲氨基吡咯烷-1-基)丙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯,二延胡索酸盐(88PS67)、
3-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)丙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯二延胡索酸盐(88PS69)、和
4-(3-二乙氨基甲基-3-羟基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈,盐酸化物(183AF03-288)。
制备方法
可由下文描述的方法,或由这些方法的改良方法合成通式(I)化合物。改进方法学的途径包括(除了其它途径以外)温度、溶剂、试剂等等,且对本领域的技术人员来说是显而易见的。通常,在制备通式(I)化合物的任何方法中,可能必须和/或适宜保护所关注的任何分子上的敏感或反应基团。利用常规的保护基可实现此保护,该保护基例如为在Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry(有机化学中的保护基)(ed.J.F.W.McOmie,Plenum Press,1973)和Greene&Wuts,ProtectiveGroups in Organic Synthesis(有机合成中的保护基),John Wiley&Sons,1991中所述的保护基,在此将两个文献的全部内容引入作为参考。可在合适的后续阶段中,采用本领域公知的方法除去该保护基。在合成可应用的化合物方面有用的合成化学转化是本领域公知的,并包括例如在R.Larock,Comprehensive Organic Transformations(广泛的有机转化),VCH Publishers,1989或L.Paquette,ed.,Encyclopedia of Reagentsfor Organic Synthesis(有机合成中的试剂百科全书),John Wiley和Sons,1995中描述的转化,在此将两个文献的全部内容引入作为参考。
在一实施方案中,可由诸如C的卤素取代的芳环起始,通过用适合的胺D进行碱催化的卤素芳香亲核取代以得到通式(I)化合物(方案1)来制备本文公开的化合物。可在合适的溶剂中,使用适合的碱和过量的仲胺(也可用作碱)进行该方法,适合的溶剂例如非质子溶剂,如甲苯、乙腈、苯、二噁烷、THF、DMSO或DMF,适合的碱例如吡啶、DBU或碳酸钾。可在+20℃至+150℃的温度下发生该反应。可选择地,在高达300℃温度及微波辐射条件下进行该反应。
方案1
在方案1中的R1、R2、R3、R6、R7如上文通式(I)中所定义,或者是其合适的前体,且X表示卤化物。
在其它实施方案中,通过在适当取代的卤代或拟卤代二环(例如,Br、I-、Cl-、三氟甲磺酸基、全氟丁基磺酸基、甲苯磺酰基取代的芳基衍生物)上经金属(例如钯或镍)催化的亲核取代(Hartwig,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.,1998,37,2046-2067;Yang&Buchwald,J.Organometallic Chem.,1999,576,125-146;Hartwig in ModernAmination Methods;Ricci,Ed.;Wiley-VCH:Weinheim,Germany,2000)或铜催化的亲核取代(Buchwald等人,Org.Lett.,2002,4,581-584;Kwong&Buchwald,Org.Lett.,2003,5,793-796)引入胺D来制备本文公开的通式(I)化合物。也可在微波辐射条件下进行金属催化的胺化反应(T.Wang等人,Org.Lett.,2003,5,897-900);在此将所有上述文献的全部内容引入作为参考。
在另一实施方案中,如方案2所示,可采用适合的双官能烷基-连接部分(linker),由适当取代的基于苯胺的衍生物制备本文公开的通式(I)化合物。离去基团L1和L2适于为卤原子,如氯、溴或碘,或磺酸基,如甲苯磺酸基或甲磺酸基,或有利于该反应的另外的离去基。通过在惰性溶剂中,在碱性条件下搅拌所述试剂来便利地进行反应,例如在乙腈中二异丙基乙胺存在下,或者在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中K2CO3存在下进行。该反应通常在室温至120℃的温度下进行。
方案2
在方案2中的R1、R2、R3、R6、R7如上文通式(I)中所定义,或者是其合适的前体,且L1和L2表示适当的离去基。
适合的起始原料可商业获得或可根据参考文献中公开的方法学来制备。根据在参考文献(例如W.Adcock等人,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1967,89,386-390;G.Schiemann等人,Ann.,1931,487,270-287;Dewar等人,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1962,84,3541-3546;S.Sekiguchi等人,J.Org.Chem.,1979,44,3921-3925,在此将所有上述文献的全部内容引入作为参考)中已知的方法,可在制备所述化合物的任何恰当阶段独立地引入每一取代基R1、R2、R3和每一任意的R6和R7取代基。
可使用HNO3/H2SO4通过文献中描述的常规硝化方法,或通过本领域内技术人员公知的其它方法来制备R3为硝基的本发明化合物。
可使用Br2通过文献中描述的常规卤化方法,或通过本领域内技术人员公知的其它方法来制备R1、R2或R3为卤素的本发明化合物。或者,可将适当取代的基于苯胺的前体转化为卤代衍生物,根据Sandmeyer方法在醋酸或三氟乙酸中使用亚硝酸钠进行重氮化,然后与诸如六氟磷酸的酸反应,分解所得到的盐以得到氟代-衍生物(W.Adcock等人,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1967,89,386-390,在此将其全部内容引入作为参考)。
可通过相应碘化物、溴化物(Alterman&Hallberg,J.Org.Chem.,2000,65,7984-7989)和氯化物(Sundermeier et a1,Angew.Chem.Int.ed.,2003,42,1661-1664)的Pd催化的氰化,以及通过芳基溴化物和氯化物的Ni介导的氰化(Arvela&Leadbeater,J.Org.Chem.,2003,68,9122-9125)得到R1、R2或R3为氰基、CONR4R5、COOR4的本发明化合物;其中将所有这些文献的全部内容引入作为参考。还可通过卤代-衍生物和Sandmeyer重氮基-中间体与氰化亚铜的反应获得腈类。由此得到的芳基腈或者可通过微波诱发的环加成化学(Alterman&Hallberg,J.Org.Chem.,2000,65,7984-7989,将其全部内容引入作为参考)转化为相应的四唑,或者水解为相应的羧酸。另外,可通过Pd催化的羟基羰基化化学(Cacchi等人,Org.Lett,2003,5,4269-4293;将其全部内容引入作为参考)由相应的芳基碘化物、溴化物和三氟甲磺酸酯获得带有羧酸残基的化合物,可通过Pd催化的氨基羰基化化学(Wan等人,J.Org.Chem.,2002,67,6232-6235,将其全部内容引入作为参考)由相应的芳基溴化物得到带有芳基酰胺残基的化合物。还可通过典型的酰化反应和本领域中描述的偶联剂方法学将所述羧酸衍生为酰胺。
可采用如下方法制备R1、R2或R3为S(O)R8、S(O)2R8、S(O)(OR8)、S(O)2(OR8)或SO2NR8R9的本发明化合物:通过使用浓硫酸、SO3或氯磺酸直接进行芳基磺化或通过磺酰氯的水解制备磺酸酯。在氯化铜的存在下,可通过向重氮盐加入SO2制备磺酰氯。或者,通过向诸如芳基锂或芳基格氏试剂的芳基金属络合物加入SO2(形成亚磺酸盐),接着与硫酰氯反应来制备磺酰氯。通过与醇和胺反应,由磺酰氯制备磺酸酯和磺酰胺。可通过芳香族化合物与磺酰卤的Friedel-Crafts型反应、卤代烃或磺酸酯与芳基亚磺酸盐的反应、向磺酰氯中加入格氏试剂或芳基硫化物的氧化来制备砜类。可通过芳基硫化物的氧化来制备亚砜类。
可采用如下方法制备R3为P(O)(OR4)(OR5)、P(O)(OH)(NR4R5)、PO(NR4R5)2的本发明化合物:通过向诸如芳基锂或芳基格氏试剂的芳基金属络合物中加入二烷基氯磷酸酯,随后水解一个或两个酯基团来制备膦酸酯。或者,可在氯化亚铜的存在下,通过向重氮盐中加入PCl3,随后水解来制备膦酸酯。以相似的方式,采用适当的卤化物衍生物,可制备膦酰基酰胺化物或膦酰基二酰胺化物。
通常可由烃氧基衍生物对应的羟基芳基衍生物通过Williamson醚合成,或者采用如下所述方法通过酰化来制备R1、R2或R3为烃氧基、OCOR4的本发明化合物。
可通过Pd催化的酰化化学(Cacchi等人,Org.Lett,2003,5,289-293,将其全部内容引入作为参考)由相应的芳基碘化物制备R1、R2或R3为COR4的本发明化合物。或者,可通过Friedel-Crafts化学由相应的芳基(Read,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1922,44,1746-1755,将其全部内容引入作为参考),或者通过向腈中(Whitmore et al,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1947,69,235-237,因此将其全部内容引入作为参考)或向酰氯中(Whitmore&Lester,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1942,64,1247,将其全部内容引入作为参考)加入芳基-格氏试剂,或者通过芳基硼酸的Pd-催化(Gooβen和Ghosh,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.Engl.,2001,40,3458-3460)或Rh-催化(Frost&Wadsworth,Chem.Commun.,2001,22,2316-2317,将两个参考文献的全部内容引入作为参考)的酰化得到本发明的上述化合物。
可由基于苯胺的前体得到R1、R2或R3为氨基、低级氨烷基、NHCOR4、NHSO2R4的本发明化合物,该基于苯胺的前体可商业获得,或者可通过使用例如Raney镍和肼或Pd或Pt催化剂和氢来还原上述制备的硝基-衍生物而得到。或者,可根据上文描述(方案1)的相同方法或通过还原胺化(Emerson&Walters,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1938,60,2023;Milovic et al,Synthesis,1991,11,1043-1045,将两个参考文献的全部内容引入作为参考),或通过脱水烷基化(Rice&Kohn,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1955,77,4052;Brown&Reid,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1924,46,1838,将两个参考文献的全部内容引入作为参考)来引入氨烷基基团。另外,也可由相应的硼酸通过Cu-催化的偶联(Antilla&Buchwald,Org.Lett.,2001,3,2077-2079,将其全部内容引入作为参考)合成这类化合物。还可通过烷基化,酰化(Wolf,Liebigs Ann.Chem.,1952,576,35;Yasukara et al,J.Chem.Soc.Perkin Trans.1,2000,17,2901-2902;Nigam&Weedon,J.Chem.Soc.,1957,2000,将所有参考文献的全部内容引入作为参考)、甲酰化(Hirst&Cohen,J.Chem.Soc.,1895,67,830;Olah&Kuhn,Chem.Ber.1956,89,2211;Guthrie et al,Can.J.Chem.,1993,71,2109-2122,将所有参考文献的全部内容引入作为参考)或磺酰化对氨基基团进行衍生。或者,可由适合的卤代或拟卤代前体通过Pd催化(Yin&Buchwald,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2002,124,6043-6048,将其全部内容引入作为参考)或者Cu催化的(Buchwald et al,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2002,124,7421-7428,将其全部内容引入作为参考)酰胺化化学得到带有酰胺取代基的化合物。
可由适合的卤代或拟卤代前体通过Pd催化的(Li,J.Org.Chem.,2002,67,3643-3650,将其全部内容引入作为参考)或Cu催化的(Kwong&Buchwald,Org.Lett.,2002,4,3517-3520,将其全部内容引入作为参考)硫醚化化学得到R1或R2为SR4的本发明化合物。或者,可通过相应芳基-硫醇前体的烷基化(Vogel,J.Chem.Soc.,1948,1809;Landini&Rocca,Synthesis,1974,565-566;Bun-Hoi et al,J.Org.Chem.,1951,16,988,将所有参考文献的全部内容引入作为参考)来制备这些化合物。或者,可通过对苯硫醇和烯烃的照射(Screttas和Micha-Screttas,J.Org.Chem.,1978,43,1064-1071,将其全部内容引入作为参考)得到烷基芳基硫烷基类。
此外,可由芳基溴化物和碘化物开始,使用烷基锂和烷基格氏试剂,利用卤素-金属交换化学来引入广泛的亲电试剂,如烷基、-Si(R)3、-CHO、-COOH、-CN、-SO2N(R)2、-SR、-B(OR)2、-Sn(R)3、-ZnX(X=Br,Cl)。
如在方案3中由胺或醇K示例性描述地,通常胺或醇官能团还可被进一步衍生化,例如使用任意的羧酸卤化物(如氯化物)或羧酸酐进行酰化以得到酰胺。通常在0℃至室温的温度和干燥条件下,在诸如二氯甲烷的惰性溶剂中,使用过量的酰化试剂和诸如三乙胺或二异丙基乙胺的适合的碱进行该反应。作为对羧酸卤化物和羧酸酐的替代,可使用羧酸和诸如PyBroP、DCC或EDCI的适合的偶联试剂来酰化所述胺/醇。通常在0℃至100℃的温度和干燥条件下,在诸如二氯甲烷的惰性溶剂中,使用过量的酰化试剂和偶联试剂进行该反应。
方案3
其中R和芳基与通式(I)中的定义一致,Z1为OH、NH2、NHR*或SH,Z2为O、NH、NR*或S,Z3为O或S,以及X表示卤化物和R*为烷基或取代的烷基。
可选择地,使用诸如T-L1的适合的烷化剂将胺或醇官能团烷基化。离去基团L1适于为卤原子,如氯、溴或碘,或磺酸基,如甲苯磺酸基或甲磺酸基,或有利于该反应的另外的离去基。通过在惰性溶剂中,在碱性条件下搅拌所述试剂来便利地进行该反应,例如在乙腈中二异丙基乙胺存在下,或者在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中K2CO3存在下进行。该反应通常在室温至80℃的温度下进行。
此外,可使用任何伯胺或仲胺HNRR*通过还原胺化对酮进行修饰,其在方案4中由托品酮衍生物G示例性代表。或者,相同的方法学可用于修饰伯胺或仲胺,其由胺J示例性描述(方案4)。在诸如甲醇或乙醇的惰性溶剂仲,通过搅拌反应物来进行该反应。作为还原剂,可使用固体支持的硼氢化物、NaBH4、NaCNBH3、BH3-吡啶、H2/Pd-C或任何相关的试剂,包括固体支持的试剂。通常在室温下进行该反应,但是反应性较差的羰基化合物可能需要更高的温度,和/或在加入还原剂前,在除水条件下预形成相应的亚胺。
方案4
其中R4、R5和芳基的定义与通式(I)中的定义一致。
此外,在方案5中由托品酮衍生物G示例性表示的酮可与诸如格氏试剂或锂试剂的多种有机金属试剂反应,得到诸如K的衍生物,其中R6和芳基的定义与通式(I)中的定义一致。通常在诸如THF的溶剂中进行格氏反应,一些情况下,加入无水三氯化铈可改善该反应收率。
可选择地,在0-40℃的温度下,在诸如二甲基亚砜的惰性溶剂中,由托品酮G(方案5)示例性表示的酮可通过与诸如三甲基氧化锍内鎓盐(dimethylsulfoxonium methylide)和三甲基锍内鎓盐(dimethylsulfonium methylide)的硫内鎓盐反应转化为环氧化物L,通过加入诸如氢化钠的碱,由碘化三甲基氧化锍(trimethylsulfoxoniumiodide)或碘化三甲基锍产生三甲基氧化锍内鎓盐和三甲基锍内鎓盐。或者,可通过Wittig或Wadsworth-Homer-Emmon反应或通过Tebbe反应将酮G转化为烯烃。可通过用诸如氢过氧化物或MCPBA的氧化剂处理所得到的烯烃,将其转化为相应的环氧化物。诸如衍生物L的环氧化物可通过与多种亲核试剂反应进一步衍生化,以得到由衍生物M1-M6示例性表示的叔醇,其中R4、R5、R6和芳基的定义与通式(I)中的定义一致,该亲核试剂例如氰化物、醇盐、胺、有机金属试剂,或通过用碱处理由酰胺或磺酰胺衍生物衍生的碳负离子。可通过加入诸如三氟甲磺酸镱或三氟化硼的路易斯酸催化剂使某些反应容易进行。此外,可使用诸如LiAIH4、NaBH4/LiCl、超氢化物、硼烷的还原剂,使用催化氢化或任何相关试剂包括固体支持的试剂,将环氧化物还原为叔醇。通常可在0-100℃的温度下,在诸如THF、二乙醚或二甘醇二甲醚的溶剂中进行该反应。
M的实例
方案5
此外,可在合成途径的任何阶段在环A或苯基部分上引入取代基,因此可首先制备环A,其胺官能团在方案6所示的后续合成步骤中与适合的苯基前体反应,其中托烷衍生物P示例性地表示如通式(I)中所定义的环A。该胺官能团可能需要暂时的保护基(PG),如Boc、CBz、苄基、对甲氧基苄基。
当本发明化合物的制备方法产生立体异构体混合物时,可通过诸如制备手性色谱法的常规技术分离这类异构体。可以外消旋形式制备所述化合物,或者通过立体选择性合成或通过拆分制备单独的对映异构体。可通过标准技术将所述化合物拆分为其组分对映异构体,例如通过与诸如(-)-二-对甲苯酰基-d-酒石酸和/或(+)-二-对甲苯酰基-1-酒石酸的光学活性酸形成盐来形成非对映异构体对,然后进行分步结晶和游离碱(free base)的再生来进行拆分。可使用手性助剂,通过形成诸如酯类、酰胺类或缩酮类的对映异构体衍生物,随后进行色谱分离并除去手性助剂来拆分所述化合物。
使用方法
在一些实施方案中,本文公开并描述的通式(I)化合物能够调节雄激素受体的活性。
术语“调节”指本文公开的化合物改变雄激素受体功能的能力。调节剂可活化雄激素受体的活性,可依据暴露于雄激素受体的化合物的浓度活化或抑制雄激素受体的活性,或者可抑制雄激素受体的活性。术语“调节”也指通过增加或减少雄激素受体与天然结合配偶体之间形成复合物的可能性来改变雄激素受体的功能。调节剂可增加雄激素受体与天然结合配偶体之间形成这种复合物的可能性,可依据暴露于雄激素受体的化合物的浓度增加或减少雄激素受体与天然结合配偶体之间形成复合物的可能性,或者可减少雄激素受体与天然结合配偶体之间形成复合物的可能性。在一些实施方案中,可使用在美国专利第5,707,798号中描述的受体选择和扩增技术(R-SAT)实现雄激素受体的调节,在此将该专利公开的全部内容引入作为参考。
术语“活化”指增加雄激素受体的细胞功能。术语“抑制”指降低雄激素受体的细胞功能。雄激素受体功能可以是与天然结合配偶体的相互作用或是催化活性。
本文所用的术语“接触”指将本文公开的化合物与靶雄激素受体以一种方式集合起来,这种方式使该化合物直接地即通过与雄激素受体本身相互作用,或者间接地即通过与雄激素受体活性所依赖的另一分子相互作用来影响雄激素受体的活性。这种“接触”可在试管、培养皿或相似物中实现。在试管中,接触可以只涉及化合物和所关注的雄激素受体,其也可以涉及全细胞。还可将细胞维持或生长在细胞培养皿中,并在此环境下与化合物接触。在本文中,在尝试将特定化合物体内用于更复杂的活体之前,可测定该化合物影响雄激素受体相关病症的能力,即该化合物的IC50。对于生物体外的细胞,存在多种将雄激素受体与所述化合物接触的方法,并且该方法是本领域内技术人员公知的,包括但不限于直接细胞微注射和多种跨膜载体技术。术语“接触”也可指将本文公开的化合物在体内与靶雄激素受体接触。因此,如果将本文公开的化合物或其前药对生物体给药,则将该化合物与该生物体内的雄激素受体结合,这种接触在本公开的范围之内。
在一些实施方案中,通式(I)化合物可以是雄激素受体的激动剂,而在其它实施方案中,该化合物可以是雄激素受体的拮抗剂。在其它实施方案中,该化合物可以是雄激素受体的部分激动剂。为部分激动剂的化合物在一些情况下可以是受体的部分活化剂,而在其它情况下可以是受体的部分阻抑物。在其它情况下,该化合物可以是组织-特异性调节剂,而在其它情况下,该化合物可以是基因-特异性调节剂。
在一实施方案中,通过将雄激素受体与通式(I)化合物接触使其活化。雄激素受体的接触可以是体内的或体外的。当该受体在体内被接触时,可通过将所述化合物对含有该受体的活个体给药来实现该接触。在一些实施方案中,该活个体为患者。在某些实施方案中,该患者可以是哺乳动物。所述哺乳动物可以选自小鼠,大鼠,家兔,豚鼠,狗,猫,绵羊,山羊,牛,诸如猴子、猩猩和猿的灵长类和人。在一些实施方案中,所述患者为人。
本发明另一方面涉及活化雄激素受体的方法,所述方法包括将该受体与通式(I)化合物接触。
本发明另一方面涉及治疗性腺功能减退症的方法,所述方法包括鉴别患有性腺功能减退症的患者,并将通式(I)化合物对该患者给药。
本发明另一方面涉及治疗具有低于正常睾酮血浆水平的患者的方法,所述方法包括鉴别具有低于正常睾酮血浆水平的患者,并将通式(I)化合物对该患者给药。
本发明另一方面涉及治疗男性不育症的方法,所述方法包括鉴别患有不育症的男性患者,并将通式(I)化合物对该患者给药。
本发明另一方面涉及通过将通式(I)化合物对男性患者给药来调节男性精子发生的方法。
本发明另一方面涉及治疗男性勃起功能障碍的方法,所述方法包括鉴别患有勃起功能障碍的男性患者,并将通式(I)化合物对该患者给药。
本发明另一方面涉及治疗男性的男性更年期的方法,所述方法包括鉴别处于男性更年期时期的男性患者,并将通式(I)化合物对该患者给药。
本发明另一方面涉及治疗女性子宫内膜异位症的方法,所述方法包括鉴别患有子宫内膜异位症的女性患者,并将通式(I)化合物对该患者给药。
本发明另一方面涉及治疗女性性交痛的方法,所述方法包括鉴别患有性交痛的女性患者,并将通式(I)化合物对该患者给药。
本发明另一方面涉及治疗女性阴道痉挛的方法,所述方法包括鉴别患有阴道痉挛的女性患者,并将通式(I)化合物对该患者给药。
本发明另一方面涉及治疗女性性唤起障碍的方法,所述方法包括鉴别患有性唤起障碍的女性患者,并将通式(I)化合物对该患者给药。
本发明另一方面涉及治疗女性性欲高潮障碍症的方法,所述方法包括鉴别患有性欲高潮障碍症的女性患者,并将通式(I)化合物对该患者给药。
本发明的另一方面涉及治疗男性性欲障碍症的方法,所述方法包括鉴别患有性欲障碍症的男性患者,并将通式(I)化合物对该患者给药。
本发明的另一方面涉及激素替代治疗的方法,所述方法包括鉴别需要激素替代疗法的患者,并将通式(I)化合物对该患者给药。在一实施方案中,对激素替代疗法的需要是由采用外科方法或化学方法进行的睾丸切除术引起的。
本发明的另一方面涉及治疗恶病质、HIV消瘦和危重疾病的方法,在这些疾病中存在明显的肌肉萎缩,所述方法包括鉴别患有肌肉萎缩的患者,并将通式(I)化合物对该患者给药。
本发明的另一方面涉及改善疾病状态中的肌肉强度的方法,所述疾病状态包括肌营养不良、强直性肌营养不良、糖质皮类固醇治疗的哮喘,所述方法包括鉴别需要改善肌肉强度的患者,并将通式(I)化合物对该患者给药。
本发明的另一方面涉及治疗疾病状态的方法,该疾病状态选自肌肉减少症;脆弱;身材矮小症;侏儒症;骨密度流失;心境障碍,包括缺乏健康、缺乏活力、愤怒、易怒、悲伤、疲劳和神经质;抑郁;包括语言流畅和空间记忆的认知功能受损;神经变性病症,包括阿耳茨海默(氏)病、轻度认知损伤(MCI)、路易小体痴呆症和额颞叶痴呆症;干眼病;代谢性病症,包括血脂异常、动脉粥样硬化和非胰岛素依赖性糖尿病(NIDDM);心血管病症,包括但不限于高血压、冠状动脉疾病和心肌灌注;肥胖症;贫血症;前列腺癌;和精神分裂症,所述方法包括鉴别患有这些疾病状态中的至少一种的患者,并将通式(I)化合物对该患者给药。
本发明的另一方面涉及预防疾病状态的方法,该疾病状态选自骨密度流失;干眼病;代谢性疾病,包括血脂异常、动脉粥样硬化和非胰岛素依赖性糖尿病(NIDDM);心血管病症,包括但不限于高血压、冠状动脉疾病和心肌灌注;肥胖症;和前列腺癌,所述方法包括鉴别患有这些疾病状态中的至少一种的患者,并将通式(I)化合物对该患者给药。
本发明另一方面涉及改善健康相关的生命参数质量的方法,该生命参数选自存活力、损伤、功能状态、健康感觉和机会(opportunity),所述方法包括鉴别希望改善上述参数中至少一个参数的患者,并将通式(I)化合物对该患者给药。
本发明的另一方面涉及延缓前列腺癌进展的方法,所述方法包括鉴别患有前列腺癌的患者,并将通式(I)化合物对该患者给药。
在一些实施方案中,通式(I)化合物在治疗男性患者的某些疾病状态方面特别有效。因此,可将该化合物对男性患者给药以便治疗这些疾病状态中的一种或多种。在多种实施方案中,在男性中治疗的疾病状态包括不孕症、勃起功能障碍、男性更年期和性欲障碍。在一些实施方案中,可将通式(I)化合物对男性患者给药以便调节该男性患者的精子发生。
在其它实施方案中,通式(I)化合物在治疗女性患者的某些疾病状态方面特别有效。因此,可将该化合物对女性患者给药以便治疗这些疾病状态中的一种或多种。在多种实施方案中,在女性中治疗的疾病状态包括子宫内膜异位症、性交痛、阴道痉挛、性唤起障碍和性欲高潮障碍症。
在一实施方案中,可将通式(I)化合物对患者给药以便影响激素替代。
在一实施方案中,可将通式(I)化合物对患者给药以便改善肌肉强度。例如,可将该化合物对由于肌营养不良、强直性肌营养不良或糖皮质类固醇治疗的哮喘而需要改善肌肉强度的患者给药。
在一实施方案中,可将通式(I)化合物对患者给药以便改善健康相关的生命参数质量,该生命参数例如为存活力、损伤、功能状态、健康感觉和机会。
在一实施方案中,可将通式(I)化合物对患有前列腺癌的男性患者给药以便延缓前列腺癌的进展。
药物组合物
在另一方面,本公开涉及药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含生理可接受的表面活性剂、载体、稀释剂、赋形剂、光滑剂、悬浮试剂、成膜物质和包衣助剂,或其组合;及本发明的化合物。用于治疗用途的可接受的载体或稀释剂是制药领域内公知的,并例如在“Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences”(雷明顿制药科学)MackPublishing Co.,Easton,PA,18版,(1990)中描述,在此将其全部内容引入作为参考。可在所述药物组合物中提供防腐剂、稳定剂、染料、甜味剂、芳香剂、调味剂等等。例如,可加入作为防腐剂的苯甲酸钠、抗坏血酸和对羟基苯甲酸的酯。另外,可使用抗氧化剂和助悬剂。在多种实施方案中,可将醇、酯、硫酸化的脂肪族醇等用作表面活性剂;葡萄糖、乳糖、淀粉、结晶纤维素、甘露醇、轻质无水硅酸盐、铝酸镁、铝酸甲基硅酸镁(Magnesium methasilicate aluminate)、合成硅酸铝、碳酸钙、酸式碳酸钠、磷酸氢钙、羧甲基纤维素钙等可用作赋形剂;硬脂酸镁、滑石、硬化油等可用作光滑剂;椰子油、橄榄油、芝麻油、花生油、大豆油可用作悬浮试剂或润滑剂;作为诸如纤维素或糖的碳水化合物的衍生物的邻苯二甲酸醋酸纤维素、或作为聚乙烯衍生物的醋酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物可用作悬浮试剂;以及诸如邻苯二甲酸酯等的增塑剂可用作悬浮试剂。
术语“药物组合物”指本文公开的化合物与诸如稀释剂或载体的其它化学组分的混合物。所述药物组合物能协助该化合物对有机体的给药。本领域中现有的多种将化合物给药的技术包括,但不限于口服,注射,气雾剂,胃肠外的和局部给药。可通过将化合物与无机或有机酸反应得到药物组合物,所述无机或有机酸例如盐酸,氢溴酸,硫酸,硝酸,磷酸,甲磺酸,乙磺酸,对甲苯磺酸,水杨酸等等。
术语“载体”定义为协助将化合物引入细胞或组织的化学物质。例如二甲亚砜(DMSO)是常用的载体,因为其可协助许多有机化合物摄取进入生物体的细胞或组织。
术语“稀释剂”定义为稀释于水中的可溶解兴趣化合物,以及稳定所述化合物的生物活性形式的化学物质。溶解于缓冲溶液中的盐用作本领域中的稀释剂。一种常用的缓冲溶液是磷酸盐缓冲的盐水,因为其可模拟人类血液的盐条件。因为低浓度的缓冲盐能控制溶液的pH值,所以缓冲的稀释剂几乎不会改变化合物的生物学活性。
术语“生理可接受的”指不会消除所述化合物的生物学活性和性质的载体或稀释剂。
可将本文所述的药物组合物单独,或以与其它活性成分(如在联合治疗中)、或适合的载体或赋型剂混合的药物组合物形式对患者给药。用于本申请所述化合物的制剂和给药的技术可见“Remington’sPharmaceutical Sciences”(雷明顿制药科学)Mack Publishing Co.,Easton,PA,18版,(1990)。
适合的给药途径可包括,例如口服给药、直肠给药、跨粘膜给药、局部给药或肠给药;肠胃外给药,包括肌内注射、皮下注射、静脉内注射、髓内注射以及鞘内注射、直接心室内注射、腹膜内注射、鼻内注射或眼内注射。所述化合物也可以缓释或控释剂型给药,以便以预定的速度延长和/或定时的、脉冲的给药,这类剂型包括储库(depot)注射、渗透泵、丸剂、经皮肤的(包括电转运)贴剂。
可以公知的方式制备本发明的药物组合物,例如,通过常规的混合、溶解、制粒、制糖衣,研粉,乳化,包囊,包封(entrapping)或压片方法。
因此,可以常规方式使用一种或多种生理学上可接受的载体组方根据本发明使用的药物组合物,该载体包括有助于将活性化合物加工成可药用的制剂的赋形剂和助剂。合适的制剂取决于所选择的给药途径。可以适合的及本领域所理解的方式使用任意的公知技术、载体和赋形剂;例如,在上述Remington’s Pharmaceutical Science中所述。
注射剂可以制成常规形式,或者作为溶液或悬浮液、适合在注射前在液体中制成溶液或悬浮液的固体剂型,或作为乳剂。适合的赋形剂是,例如水、盐水、葡萄糖、甘露醇、乳糖、卵磷脂、白蛋白、谷氨酸钠、半胱氨酸盐酸盐等等。另外,如果需要,所述的可注射用的药物组合物可包含较少量的无毒性辅助物,如湿润剂、pH缓冲剂等等。生理相容的缓冲液包括但不限于Hanks’s溶液,Ringer’s溶液或生理盐水缓冲液。如果需要,也可利用吸收增强制剂(例如,脂质体)。
对于跨膜给药,可在所述制剂中使用适于待渗透的障壁的渗透剂。
用于诸如团注或连续输注等肠胃外给药的药物制剂包括水溶性形式的活性化合物的水溶液。另外,可将该活性化合物的混悬液制备为合适的油性注射混悬液。合适的亲脂性溶剂或载体包括诸如芝麻油的脂肪油、或诸如大豆油、葡萄柚油或杏仁油的其它有机油、或诸如油酸乙酯或甘油三酯的合成脂肪酸酯,或脂质体。水性注射混悬液可包含增加该混悬液粘度的物质,如羧甲基纤维素钠、山梨醇或葡聚糖。任选地,混悬液也可包含合适的稳定剂或增加化合物溶解性以允许制备高浓度溶液的试剂。用于注射的制剂可以含添加的防腐剂的诸如安瓿或多剂量容器的单位剂型存在。所述组合物可采取这些形式,如在油性或水性介质中的混悬液、溶液或乳剂,并可包含配制剂(formulatory agent),如助悬剂、稳定剂和/或分散剂。或者,使用前所述活性成分可为粉末形式,用于与诸如无菌无热原水的合适介质进行组合。
对于口服给药,可通过将所述活性化合物与本领域公知的药物可接受载体混合容易地组方所述化合物。这些载体能将本发明化合物组方为片剂、丸剂、锭剂、胶囊、液体、凝胶剂、糖浆剂、膏剂、悬液等等,适于待治疗的患者口服摄取。用于口服应用的药物制剂可通过如下方法得到:将所述活性化合物与固体赋型剂混合,任选地研磨所得混合物,并加工所述颗粒混合物(如果需要,在加入适当的助剂后)以获得片剂或糖衣核心。具体地,合适的赋形剂为诸如糖的填充剂,包括乳糖、蔗糖、甘露醇或山梨醇;纤维素制剂,例如玉米淀粉、小麦淀粉、米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、明胶、黄蓍胶、甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠和/或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)。如果需要,可加入崩解剂,如交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、琼脂、或藻酸或诸如藻酸钠的藻酸盐。为糖衣剂核提供合适的包衣。为此目的,可使用浓缩的糖溶液,该糖溶液可任选地包含阿拉伯树胶、滑石、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、卡波普凝胶、聚乙二醇和/或二氧化钛、紫胶漆溶液及合适的有机溶剂或溶剂混合物。可将染料或色素加入片剂或锭剂包衣中以识别或标示活性化合物剂量的不同组合。为此目的,可使用浓缩的糖溶液,该糖溶液可任选地包含阿拉伯树胶、滑石、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、卡波普凝胶、聚乙二醇和/或二氧化钛、紫胶漆溶液及合适的有机溶剂或溶剂混合物。可将染料或色素加入片剂或锭剂包衣中以识别或标示活性化合物剂量的不同组合。
可口服使用的药物制剂包括由明胶制成的推入-结合(push-fit)胶囊,以及由明胶和诸如甘油或山梨醇的增塑剂制成的软的密封胶囊。所述推入-结合胶囊可包含所述活性成分,该成分与诸如乳糖的填充剂、诸如淀粉的粘合剂和/或诸如滑石粉或硬脂酸镁的润滑剂以及任选的稳定剂混合。在软胶囊中,可将所述活性化合物溶解或悬浮于合适的液体中,如脂肪油、液体石蜡或液体聚乙二醇。另外,可加入稳定剂。用于口服给药的所有制剂应为适于这样给药的剂量。
对于口腔给药,所述组合物可以是以常规方式组方的片剂或锭剂形式。
对于吸入给药,本发明使用的化合物可采用合适的喷射剂,从加压包装或喷雾器中以喷雾剂的形式方便地输送,该喷射剂例如为二氯二氟甲烷、三氯氟甲烷、二氯四氟乙烷、二氧化碳或其它适合的气体。在使用加压气雾剂的情况下,剂量单位可由输送计量量的阀门确定。可将吸入器或吹入器中使用的例如明胶的胶囊和药筒组方成包含所述化合物与诸如乳糖或淀粉等合适粉末基质的粉末混合物。
本文还公开了在制药领域中公知的用于包括眼内、鼻内和耳内输送的多种药物组合物。用于这些用途的适合的渗透剂通常是本领域内公知的。用于眼内输送的药物制剂包括所述活性化合物的水性眼用溶液,其中所述化合物可以为水溶性形式(如滴眼液)或结冷胶(Shedden etal.,Clin Ther 23(3):440-50(2001))或水凝胶形式(Mayer et al.,Ophthalmologica 210(2):101-3(1996));眼用软膏;眼用悬浮剂,例如悬浮在液体载体介质中的含药物的微粒、小聚合颗粒(Joshi,A.,J OculPharmacol 10:29-45(1994)),脂溶性制剂(Alm等人,Prog Clin Biol Res312:447-58(1989))和微球(Mordenti,Toxicol Sci 52:101-6(1999));及眼用嵌入剂(ocular insert)。为了稳定和舒适,这类适合的药物制剂通常且优选制成无菌、等渗的和缓冲的。用于鼻内输送的药物组合物也可包括滴剂和喷雾剂,其通常制备成在许多方面模拟鼻分泌物,从而确保维持正常的纤毛运动。如Remington’s Pharmaceutical Science(MackPublishing,18th Edition)中所述(在此将其全部内容引入作为参考)以及本领域所属技术人员公知的,适合的制剂通常且优选为等渗的、轻微缓冲的以维持pH 5.5-6.5,且通常并优选包括抗菌防腐剂和适当的药物稳定剂。用于耳内输送的药物制剂包括在耳中局部应用的悬浮剂和软膏。用于这类耳用制剂的通用溶剂包括甘油和水。
所述化合物还可组方成直肠组合物,例如包含诸如可可油或其它甘油酯的常规栓剂基质的栓剂或保留灌肠剂。
除了前述制剂以外,也可将所述化合物组方为储库制剂。这些长效制剂可通过植入(例如皮下或肌内)或通过肌内注射给药。因而,例如,所述化合物可与合适的聚合或疏水性材料(例如在可接受油中成乳剂)或离子交换树脂一起组方,或组方为微溶性衍生物,例如为微溶性盐。
对于疏水性化合物,合适的药物载体为共溶剂系统,其包括苄醇,非极性表面活性剂、可混溶于水的有机聚合物及水相。常用的共溶剂系统为VPD共溶剂体系,该体系为3%w/v苄醇、8%w/v非极性表面活性剂聚山梨醇酯80TM及65%w/v聚乙二醇300的溶液,以无水乙醇补足体积。当然,在不破坏其溶解度及毒性特征的前提下共溶剂体系的比例可发生相当大的变化。此外,可改变共溶剂组分的一致性:例如,可以用其它低毒性非极性表面活性剂代替聚山梨醇酯80TM;可以改变聚乙二醇的片断大小;诸如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮等其它生物相容性材料可代替聚乙二醇;以及其它糖或多糖可代替葡萄糖。
或者,可使用用于疏水性药物化合物的其它输送系统。脂质体和乳剂是公知的用于疏水性药物的输送介质或载体的实例。也可使用诸如二甲亚砜的一些有机溶剂,尽管通常以更大的毒性为代价。另外,可使用缓释系统来输送所述化合物,如包含所述治疗剂的固体疏水聚合物的半透性基质。已经建立了多种缓释材料并为本领域技术人员所公知。取决于其化学性质,缓释胶囊可在几周、多达100多天的时间里释放所述化合物。依赖于治疗剂的化学性质和生物稳定性,可采用稳定蛋白的其它策略。
可采用本领域所属技术人员公知的技术将旨在细胞内给药的试剂进行给药。例如,可将这类试剂包囊进脂质体。在脂质体形成的时候存在于水溶液中的所有分子都被结合在水性内部中。所述脂质体的内含物不仅受到保护而不受外部微环境的影响,且因为脂质体与细胞膜融合,所以该内含物被有效地输送至细胞质内。可用组织-特异性抗体包被该脂质体。可将该脂质体靶向所需要的器官并被其选择性地吸收。另外,小的疏水性有机分子可直接进行细胞内给药。
可将另外的治疗剂或诊断试剂加入所述药物组合物中。可选择地或附加地,药物组合物可与含有其它治疗剂或诊断试剂的其它组合物混合。
给药方法
所述化合物或药物组合物可通过任何适合的方式对患者给药。给药方法的非限制性实例除其它方式以外还包括,(a)通过口服途径给药,该给药方式包括以胶囊、片剂、颗粒剂、喷雾剂、糖浆剂或其它这类剂型给药;(b)通过非口服途径给药,如直肠、阴道、尿道内、眼内、鼻内或耳内给药,该给药方式包括作为水性悬浮液、油性制剂或类似剂型或作为滴剂、喷雾剂、栓剂、油膏剂、软膏剂或类似剂型给药;(c)通过皮下、腹膜内、静脉内、肌内、真皮内、眶内、囊内、脊柱内、胸骨内或类似方式注射给药,包括输注泵输送;(d)局部给药(administration locally),例如通过直接注射入肾脏或心脏区域内,例如通过储库型植入;以及(e)局部给药(administration topically);从而以本领域所属技术人员认为适当的方式使本发明化合物与活组织接触。
适于给药的药物组合物包括一些组合物,其中包含有效实现其预期目的的量的活性成分。作为剂量所需的本文公开的化合物的治疗有效量取决于给药途径、被治疗的动物类型(包括人)和所考虑的具体动物的体质特征。可调整所述剂量以实现所需效果,但是依赖于下列因素:例如体重、饮食、同时的药物治疗和在医药领域的技术人员公认的其它因素。更具体地,治疗有效量指有效预防、减轻或改善疾病症状或延长被治疗患者的存活时间的化合物量。治疗有效量的确定完全在本领域技术人员的能力范围之内,尤其是根据本文提供的详细公开内容。
正如本领域的技术人员所显而易见的,用于体内给药的剂量和具体的给药方式将根据所治疗的哺乳动物的年龄、体重和种类,所使用的具体化合物和使用这些化合物的具体用途而变化。本领域的技术人员可采用常规药理学方法实现有效剂量水平即实现预期结果所必需的剂量水平的确定。通常,以较低剂量水平开始进行产物的人体临床应用,随着剂量水平的增加直到实现所预期的效果。可选择地,采用已确定的药理学方法,使用可接受的体外研究来建立本方法鉴定的组合物的有用剂量和给药途径。
在非人动物研究中,潜在产物的应用以高剂量水平开始,随着减少剂量直到不再实现所预期的效果或不良副作用消失。取决于所预期的效果和治疗学指征,剂量范围可较宽泛。通常,剂量可以为约10微克/公斤体重至100毫克/公斤体重,优选为约100微克/公斤体重至10毫克/公斤体重。可选择地,正如本领域的技术人员理解的,剂量可基于并按照所述患者的表面积计算。
各医师可根据患者的情况来选择本发明药物组合物的确切的制剂、给药方式和剂量。(参见例如,Fingl等人,1975,“ThePharmacological Basis of Therapeutics”(治疗学的药理学基础),在此将其全部内容引入作为参考,特别参考第一页第一章)。通常,对患者给药的所述组合物的剂量范围可为约0.5-1000mg/kg患者体重。根据患者的需要,所述剂量可以是在一天或多天内给予的单次剂量或一系列的两次或多次剂量。因而,在已经确定了用于至少某些疾病状态的化合物的人用剂量的情况下,本发明将使用那些相同的剂量,或使用所确定的人用剂量的约0.1%至500%,更优选约25%至250%的剂量。当人用剂量还未确定时,如对于新发现的药物化合物,合适的人用剂量可从ED50或ID50值或源于由体外或体内研究的其它合适值中推断出,这些值经动物毒性研究和有效性研究证明合格。
需要指出的是,因为毒性或器官功能紊乱,主治医师将知道如何且何时终止、中断或调整给药。相反,如果临床反应不充分(排除毒性),该主治医师也应该知道将治疗调整到更高的水平。在控制所关注病症时采用的给药剂量量值将随待治疗的疾病状态的严重性和给药途径而变化。可例如部分通过标准预后评价法来评价所述疾病状态的严重性。此外,所述剂量和可能的给药频率也根据个体患者的年龄、体重和反应而变化。与上述讨论方案相当的方案可用于兽医学中。
尽管在逐个药物(drug-by-drug)的基础上确定确切的剂量,在绝大多数情况下,仍可作一些关于剂量的概括。对于成人患者的每日给药方案可以是,例如口服剂量为0.1mg至2000mg每种活性成分,优选1mg至500mg,如5至200mg。在其它实施方案中,使用的每种活性成分的静脉内、皮下或肌内剂量为0.01mg至100mg,优选0.1mg至60mg,如1至40mg。在给药药物可接受盐的情况下,可根据游离碱(free base)计算剂量。在一些实施方案中,每日给药组合物1至4次。或者,本发明组合物可通过连续静脉内输注给药,优选以每种成分高达1000mg每天的剂量给药。如本领域技术人员所理解的,在某些情况下需要将本文公开的化合物以超过,甚至远超过上述优选剂量范围的量进行给药,从而有效地且积极地治疗特定的疾病或感染。在一些实施方案中,将所述化合物连续给药一段治疗时间,例如一周或更多周,或数月或数年。
可单独调整剂量和间隔,以提供足以维持调节作用的活性部分的血浆水平,或提供最小有效浓度(MEC)。对于每种化合物,MEC可不同,但能从体外数据中估计出来。达到MEC所必需的剂量将取决于个体的特征及给药途径。但是,HPLC分析及生物测定可用于确定血浆浓度。
还可用MEC值确定给药间隔。应采用以下给药方案来进行组合物的给药,该方案在10-90%的时间内将血浆水平保持在MEC以上,优选30-90%的时间内,最优选50-90%的时间内。
在局部给药或选择性吸收的情况下,药物的有效局部浓度可与血浆浓度无关。
当然,给药的组合物的量依赖于被治疗的个体、个体体重、疾病的严重程度、给药方式及处方医师的判断。
可采用公知的方法评价本文公开的化合物的有效性和毒性。例如,可通过测定对细胞系(如哺乳动物的,优选人的细胞系)的体外毒性来建立具体化合物或共享某些化学部分的化合物子集的毒理学。这类研究的结果可用于预测在动物体内的毒性,例如哺乳动物或更具体为人体内。可选择地,可使用公知的方法确定具体化合物在诸如小鼠、大鼠、兔子或猴子的动物模型中的毒性。可使用多种公认的方法确定具体化合物的药效,这些方法例如体外方法、动物模型或人体临床试验。适合的体外动物模型的非限制性实例包括阉割的雄性大鼠或年老的睾丸切除的雄性大鼠。在选择模型以确定药效时,本领域所属技术人员可根据本领域规定的指导选择适当的模型、剂量和给药途径及方案。当然,也可利用人体临床试验来确定化合物对人的药效。
若需要,可将所述组合物置于包装或配料装置中,该包装或配料装置包含一种或多种含有活性成分的单位剂型。所述包装可例如包括金属或塑料箔,如泡罩包装(blister pack)。包装或配料装置可带有给药说明书。该包装或配料装置也可带有与容器相关的通告,该通告形式上由管理药物制造、使用或销售的政府机构规定,该通告反映了所述药物形式已由该机构批准用于人或动物。这些通告,例如,可以是美国食品药品监督管理局批准的用于处方药的标签,或批准的产品的插入说明。也可在合适的容器中制备或放置包含配制于相容的药物载体中的本发明化合物的组合物并标记,以用于目标疾病状态的治疗。
实施例
化学合成
一般方法
用Varian Mercury-VX400MHz分光计在400MHz或用BrukerUltrashield 300MHz记录1H NMR光谱,并且以相对于氯仿(CDCl3)在7.26ppm和甲醇(CD3OD)在3.31ppm的残余溶剂峰的δ值[ppm]表示化学位移。以Hertz报道耦合常数,J。除非另有说明,以其游离胺形式描述所述化合物的NMR光谱。酸性离子-交换固相萃取(SPE)柱柱体为来自Varian的MEGA BE-SCX。材料和溶剂为从商业来源得到的最高级别并未经进一步纯化就使用。
HPLC/LCMS方法
分析LCMS方法I
在由配备有电喷雾离子化接口的ZMD单个四极质谱仪组成的联合的制备/分析Waters/微质量体系中实施分析。HPLC系统由具有在线排气的Waters 600梯度泵、2700样品管理器和996PDA检测器组成。在X-Terra MS C18,5μm 4.6×50mm柱上进行分离。缓冲液A:10mM的醋酸铵水溶液,缓冲液B:10mM的醋酸铵的乙腈/水95/5溶液。梯度为7分钟内从30%B至100%B,在100%B时停留1分钟,并再平衡5.5分钟。该体系以1ml/min运行。
分析LCMS方法II
在由配备有电喷雾离子化接口的ZQ单四极质谱仪组成的Waters/微质量LC/MS体系中实施分析。HPLC系统为带有996PDA检测器的Waters 2795 Alliance HT系统。在X-Terra MS C18,3.5μm 4.6×30mm柱上进行分离。缓冲液A:10mM的醋酸铵水溶液,缓冲液B:10mM的醋酸铵的乙腈/水95/5溶液。梯度为5.5分钟内从30%B至100%B,在100%B时停留0.5分钟,并再平衡2.5分钟。该体系以1ml/min运行。
分析LC/MS方法III
在由配备有电喷雾离子化接口的ZMD单四极质谱仪组成的联合的制备/分析Waters/微质量体系中实施分析。HPLC系统由具有在线排气的Waters 600梯度泵、2700样品管理器和996PDA检测器组成。
在YMC C18 J’sphere ODS H80,5μm 4.6×100mm柱上进行分离。缓冲液A:0.15%TFA水溶液,缓冲液B:0.15%TFA的乙腈/水95/5溶液。梯度为10分钟内从30%B至100%B,在100%B时停留2分钟,并再平衡5分钟。该体系以1ml/min运行。
制备HPLC纯化方法
在Waters自动化纯化系统(600泵、2700样品管理器、996PDA检测器、ZMD质谱仪)上进行制备性纯化。所用的柱为YMC C18J’sphere ODS H80。缓冲液A为0.15%TFA水溶液,缓冲液B为0.15%TFA的乙腈/水95/5溶液。该柱以17ml/min运行。在最初以30%缓冲液B持续2.5分钟,在8.5分钟内采用30%-100%的缓冲液B梯度分离化合物。
盐酸盐的制备
通常,将所述化合物溶于二氯甲烷中,用过量的1M HCl的二乙醚溶液进行处理,并从正庚烷中沉淀。真空除去溶剂,在干燥后,得到固体形式的盐酸盐。
方法A
3,5-二甲基-4-(4-硝基萘-1-基)哌啶(116BG35-5)
在Pyrex试管中装入1-氯-4-硝基萘(52mg,0.25mmol)和3,5-二甲基哌啶(133μL,1.0mmol),随后加入乙腈(2mL)。将该试管封帽并将该反应试管暴露于微波辐射中(180℃,5分钟)。过滤该反应混合物并用冷的乙醇洗涤固体。如果需要,则根据纯化方法C纯化该化合物。收率:58mg(82%)。
主要异构体:LCMS m/z 285[M+H]+。HPLC tR=16.9分钟(方法III)。1H-NMR(CD3OD,400MHz)δ8.58-8.55(m,1H),8.16(d,J=8.4,1H),8.07(m,1H),7.59-7.54(m,1H),7.49-7.44(m,1H),6.89(d,J=8.4,1H),3.35-3.31(m,2H),2.24(t,J=11.6,2H),2.0-1.85(m,2H),1.85-1.79(m,1H),0.85(d,J=6.6,6H),0.68(q,J=11.6,1H)。
次要异构体:LCMS m/z 285[M+H]+。HPLC tR=16.8分钟(方法III)、1H-NMR(CD3OD,400MHz)δ8.58-8.55(m,1H),8.19-8.18(m,1H),8.07(m,1H),7.59-7.54(m,1H),7.49-7.44(m,1H),6.90(d,J=8.4,1H),3.10-3.03(m,2H),2.75-2.63(m,2H),2.18(m,2H),1.43(t,J=5.7,2H),1.03(d,J=6.6,1H)。
方法B
1-(4-氰基萘-1-基)哌啶-3-羧酸二乙基酰胺(136BG73-4)
将1-氰基-4-氟萘的吡啶溶液(0.6M,1mL)转移至Pyrex试管中,并加入N,N-二乙基3-哌啶甲酰胺(447mg,2.4mmol)。将该试管封帽并将该反应试管暴露于微波辐射中(220℃,10分钟)。浓缩反应混合物,并根据纯化方法A进行纯化。
LCMS m/z 336[M+H]+。HPLC tR=9.0分钟(方法I)。1H-NMR(CD3OD,400MHz)δ8.15(d,J=8.2,1H),8.00(d,J=8.2,1H),7.77(d,J=7.8,1H),7.60-7.52(m,2H),7.05(d,J=7.8,1H),3.60-3.36(m,4H),3.36-3.21(m,1H),3.21-3.10(m,1H),3.03-2.92(m,1H),2.78-2.65(m,1H),2.08-1.83(m,4H),1.78-1.60(m,1H),1.30-1.16(m,3H),1.07(t,J=7.04,3H)。13C-NMR(CD3OD,100MHz)173.9,155.1,133.7,133.6,128.4,128.1,126.6,125.1,124.5,118.1,114.1,103.6,56.1,53.7,42.3,40.4,39.9,27.8,25.0,14.2,12.2。
纯化方法A
将浓缩的粗物质溶解在乙酸乙酯中,并用2M HCl萃取。然后有机相用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并真空浓缩。
纯化方法B
将浓缩的粗物质溶解在乙酸乙酯中,并用2M HCl萃取。然后有机相用Na2SO4干燥,过滤,真空浓缩并用制备HPLC纯化(40%A;80%B,NH4OAc)。
纯化方法C
用制备HPLC纯化浓缩的粗物质。
2,6-二甲基-4-(4-硝基萘-1-基)吗啉(116BG35-23)
根据方法A制备。主要异构体:LCMS m/z 287[M+H]+。HPLC tR=11.1分钟(方法I)。次要异构体:LCMS m/z 287[M+H]+。HPLC tR=10.7分钟(方法I)。
1-(4-硝基萘-1-基)-4-吡咯烷-1-基-哌啶(116BG35-2)
根据方法A制备。LCMS m/z 326[M+H]+。HPLC tR=1.7分钟(方法III)。收率:51%。
1-(4-硝基萘-1-基)哌啶(116BG35-6)
根据方法A制备。LCMS m/z 257[M+H]+。HPLC tR=13.5分钟(方法III)。收率:79%。
4-甲基1-4-(4-硝基萘-1-基)哌啶(116BG35-7)
根据方法A制备。LCMS m/z 271[M+H]+。HPLC tR=14.8分钟(方法I)。收率:66%。
1-(4-硝基萘-1-基)哌啶-4-羧酸乙酯(116BG35-1)
根据方法A制备。根据纯化方法C纯化。LCMS m/z 329[M+H]+。HPLC tR=12.1分钟(方法III)。收率:16%。
4-(4-硝基萘-1-基)吗啉(116BG35-10)
根据方法A制备。根据纯化方法C纯化。LCMS m/z 259[M+H]+。HPLC tR=8.0分钟(方法III)。收率:8%。
2,5-二甲基-4-(4-硝基萘-1-基)吡咯烷(116BG35-24)
根据方法A制备。根据纯化方法C纯化。LCMS m/z 271[M+H]+。HPLC tR=10.4分钟(方法III)。收率:7%。
4-(3-羟甲基哌啶-1-基)萘-1-甲腈(136BG73-1)
根据方法B制备。根据纯化方法A纯化。LCMS m/z 267[M+H]+。HPLC tR=7.9分钟(方法I)。
4-[4-(2-羟乙基)哌啶-1-基]萘-1-甲腈(136BG73-9)
根据方法B制备。根据纯化方法A纯化。LCMS m/z 281[M+H]+。HPLC tR=8.3分钟(方法III)。
4-哌啶-1-基萘-1-甲腈(136BG73-10)
根据方法B制备。根据纯化方法B纯化。LCMS m/z 237[M+H]+。HPLC tR=10.5分钟(方法I)
4-(4-甲基哌啶-1-基)萘-1-甲腈(136BG73-11)
根据方法B制备。根据纯化方法C纯化。LCMS m/z 251[M+H]+。HPLC tR=15.9分钟(方法III)。
4-(4-羟基哌啶-1-基)萘-1-甲腈(136BG73-12)
根据方法B制备。根据纯化方法C纯化。LCMS m/z 253[M+H]+。HPLC tR=9.3分钟(方法III)。
4-(4-羟甲基哌啶-1-基)萘-1-甲腈(136BG73-13)
根据方法B制备。根据纯化方法B纯化。LCMS m/z 267[M+H]+。HPLC tR=7.6分钟(方法I)。
1-(4-氰基萘-1-基)哌啶-4-羧酸酰胺(136BG73-17)
根据方法B制备。根据纯化方法C纯化。LCMS m/z 280[M+H]+。HPLC tR=8.4分钟(方法III)。
N-[1-(4-氰基萘-1-基)吡咯烷-3-基]-N-甲基乙酰胺(136BG73-18)
根据方法B制备。根据纯化方法C纯化。LCMS m/z 294[M+H]+。HPLC tR=9.5分钟(方法III)。
4-(3-二甲氨基吡咯烷-1-基)萘-1-甲腈(136BG73-19)
根据方法B制备。根据纯化方法C纯化。LCMS m/z 266[M+H]+。HPLC tR=3.8分钟(方法I)。1H-NMR(CD3OD,400MHz)δ8.26-8.22(m,1H),8.02-7.99(m,1H),7.70(d,J=8.4,1H),7.61-7.56(m,1H),7.49-7.45(m,1H),6.75(d,J=8.2,1H),3.72-3.65(m,1H),3.58-3.47(m,3H),2.93-2.82(m,1H),2.33(s,6H),2.28-2.20(m,1H),1.94-1.83(m,1H)。13C-NMR(CD3OD,100MHz)δ151.7,134.6,133.7,128.0,125.9,125.5,124.8,124.8,119.1,108.4,98.4,65.4,56.6,51.6,43.2,29.8。
4-(3-羟基哌啶-1-基)萘-1-甲腈(136BG73-25)
根据方法B制备。根据纯化方法C纯化。LCMS m/z 253[M+H]+。HPLC tR=7.2分钟(方法I)。
4-(2,6-二甲基吗啉-4-基)萘-1-甲腈(136BG73-26)
根据方法B制备。根据纯化方法C纯化。LCMS m/z 267[M+H]+。HPLC tR=9.3分钟(方法III)。
4-(3-羟基吡咯烷-1-基)萘-1-甲腈(136BG85-2)
将1-氰基-4-氟萘(86mg,0.5mmol)转移至Pyrex试管中,并加入3-吡咯烷醇(162μL,2.0mmol),随后加入甲苯(0.5mL)。将该试管封帽,并将该反应试管暴露于微波辐射中(180℃,5分钟)。将该反应混合物浓缩并用EtOH重结晶进行纯化。收率:51mg(43%)。
LCMS m/z 239[M+H]+。HPLC tR=6.0分钟(方法I)。1H-NMR(CD3OD,400MHz)δ8.36-8.33(m,1H),7.97-7.95(m,1H),7.83(d,J=8.4,1H),7.70-7.65(m,1H),7.53-7.48(m,1H),6.74(d,J=8.4,1H),5.05(d,J=3.2,1H),4.10(s,1H),3.93-3.89(m,1H),3.85-3.78(m,1H),3.55-3.49(m,1H),2.10-2.02(m,1H),2.02-1.90(m,1H)。13C-NMR(CD3OD,100MHz)δ152.4,135.1,135.0,129.3,127.3,125.4,125.4,125.1,120.4,108.3,96.5,70.1,62.0,51.0,34.5。
4-((S)-2-羟甲基吡咯烷-1-基)萘-1-甲腈(136BG85-3-3)
将1-氰基-4-氟萘(86mg,0.5mmol)转移至Pyrex试管中,并加入L-脯氨醇(197μL,2.0mmol),随后加入甲苯(0.5mL)。将该试管封帽,并将该反应试管暴露于微波辐射中(180℃,5分钟)。将该反应混合物浓缩,并通过硅胶快速色谱法进行纯化(洗脱剂:含0-3%甲醇的二氯甲烷)。收率:23mg(18%)。
LCMS m/z 253[M+H]+。HPLC tR=7.3分钟(方法I)。1H-NMR(CD3OD,400MHz)δ8.30(d,J=8.6,1H),8.08-8.05(m,1H),7.80(d,J=8.2,1H),7.67-7.63(m,1H),7.56-7.51(m,1H),7.07(d,J=8.2,1H),4.21-4.15(m,1H),4.10-4.00(m,1H),3.68-3.64(m,1H),3.55-3.50(m,1H),3.36-3.30(m,1H),2.40-2.29(m,1H),2.10-1.98(m,2H),1.90-1.71(m,1H)。13C-NMR(CD3OD,100MHz)δ153.5,135.7,134.6,129.3,128.6,127.4,126.1,125.9,120.1,111.5,100.4,63.8,62.4,57.6,30.2,26.1。
4-吡咯烷-1-基萘-1-甲腈(136BG65-3)
将1-氰基-4-氟萘(2.0g,11.7mmol)转移至25mL烧瓶中,并加入吡咯烷(4.0mL)。将反应混合物搅拌15分钟,之后产物沉淀出。将该反应混合物真空浓缩。然后用MeOH重结晶固体,并用EtOH洗涤结晶。收率:1.6g(62%)。
LCMS m/z 223[M+H]+。HPLC tR=9.7分钟(方法I)。1H-NMR(CD3OD,400MHz)δ8.38-8.35(m,1H),8.05-8.02(m,1H),7.75(d,J=8.2,1H),7.64-7.60(m,1H),7.51-7.45(m,1H),6.80(d,J=8.2,1H),3.65-3.61(m,4H),2.07-2.03(m,4H)。13C-NMR(CD3OD,100MHz)δ152.6,135.2,134.1,128.2,126.6,125.8,125.0,124.6,119.6,108.0,97.4,53.0,25.9。
4-吡咯烷-1-基萘-1-羧酸乙酯(154BG19)
将4-氟-1-萘甲酸(190mg,1.0mmol)转移至Pyrex试管中,并加入乙醇(0.6mL),随后加入浓硫酸(0.1mL)。将该试管封帽,并将该反应试管暴露于微波辐射中两次(2×120℃,5分钟)。用乙酸乙酯将反应混合物转移至分液漏斗中,并用2M NaOH洗涤。用2M HCl酸化水相并用乙酸乙酯萃取。合并有机相,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并浓缩,产生4-氟萘-1-羧酸乙酯(154BG85-11,156mg,72%)。
1H-NMR(CD3OD,400MHz)δ8.89-8.85(m,1H),8.06(dd,J=5.7,8.2,1H),7.59-7.54(m,1H),7.53-7.48(m,1H),7.09(dd,J=8.2,10.2,1H),4.36(q,J=6.8,2H),1.38(t,J=6.8,3H)。
将154BG85-11(156mg,0.7mmol)转移至Pyrex试管中,并加入吡咯烷(1mL)。将该试管封帽,并将该反应试管暴露于微波辐射中(100℃,3分钟)。在130℃将微波暴露重复5分钟。蒸发吡咯烷,用乙酸乙酯将反应混合物转移至分液漏斗中,并用2M NaOH洗涤。用2M HCl酸化水相并用乙酸乙酯萃取。合并有机相,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并浓缩,产生135mg标题化合物(70%)。
LCMS m/z 270[M+H]+。HPLC tR=7.3分钟(方法I)。1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ9.11-9.09(m,1H),8.25-8.22(m,1H),8.17(d,J=8.4,1H),7.58-7.54(m,1H),7.44-7.40(m,1H),6.81(d,J=8.4,1H),4.43(q,J=7.0,2H),3.57-3.53(m,4H),2.05-2.01(m,4H),1.44(t,J=7.0,3H)。13C-NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ167.8,134.1,132.1,127.5,126.7,126.3,125.5,123.9,108.3,60.5,53.2,25.7,14.7。
4-吡咯烷-1-基萘-1-羧酸(154BG23)
将154BG19(30mg,0.11mmol)转移至Pyrex试管,并加入LiOH×H2O(14mg,0.33mmol),随后加入H2O(0.18mL)和THF(0.37mL)。将该试管封帽,并将该反应试管暴露于微波辐射中(160℃,5分钟)。用乙酸乙酯将反应混合物转移至分液漏斗中,并用2M NaOH洗涤。用2M HCl酸化水相并用乙酸乙酯萃取。合并有机相,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并浓缩,产生18mg标题化合物(68%)。
LCMS m/z 240[M-H]-。LCMS m/z 242[M+H]+。HPLC tR=3.2分钟(方法I)。1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz)δ9.09-9.07(m,1H),8.26-8.23(m,1H),8.09(d,J=8.4,1H),7.73-7.68(m,1H),7.66-7.62(m,1H),6.83(d,J=8.4,1H),3.53-3.49(m,4H),1.99-1.95(m,4H)。13C-NMR(DMSO-d6,100MHz)δ169.1,152.4,134.3,132.8,127.7,126.4,126.4,126.1,124.1,108.3,53.1,25.8。
4-(3-内-羟基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(154BG31)
将1-氰基-4-氟萘(104mg,0.6mmol)、降托品醇(nortropanol)(305mg,2.4mmol)和吡啶(93μL,0.6mmol)转移至Pyrex试管中。将该试管封帽,并将该反应试管暴露于微波辐射中(220℃,5分钟)。用乙酸乙酯以及2M HCl将混合物转移至分液漏斗中,并用盐水洗涤有机相。合并有机层,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并浓缩,产生157mg标题化合物(92%)。
LCMS m/z 279[M+H]+。HPLC tR=6.8分钟(方法I)。1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ8.21-8.16(m,2H),7.75(d,J=8.0,1H),7.66-7.62(m,1H),7.56-7.52(m,1H),6.90(d,J=8.0,1H),4.32(t,J=5.1,1H),4.14-4.11(m,2H),2.51-2.45(m,2H),2.34-2.28(m,2H),2.02-1.96(m,4H)。13C-NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ153.1,134.5,133.7,128.4,127.9,126.0,125.9,125.4,119.1,111.0,102.0,65.2,60.1,40.7,27.4。
或者,根据如下操作制备154BG31:将1-氰基-4-氟萘(20.0g,117mmol)溶于吡啶(100mL)中。加入降托品(59.4g,467mmol)的吡啶(100mL)溶液。将反应混合物加热回流20小时。浓缩所得的黑色溶液,并加入水(800mL)。通过加入2M HCl调节pH至1。将产物萃取入二氯甲烷内(2×800mL),用0.5M NaOH(400mL)洗涤合并的有机相,硫酸钠干燥有机相、过滤并蒸发。将粗产物溶于热的乙酸乙酯(200mL)中,冷却至室温时发生结晶。在5℃时持续结晶20小时。过滤,得到第一批白色固体状的标题化合物(21.2g,收率65%)。母液含有更多的产品(LC-MS所示),但是不进一步进行母液的再结晶。
4-(3-氧代-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(156AF03-217)
在-60℃下,在氩气氛中,将草酰氯(440μL,5.11mmol)的无水二氯甲烷(3mL)溶液滴加至干燥的二甲基亚砜(726μL,10.22mmol)的二氯甲烷(5mL)冷溶液中。将154BG31(647mg,2.32mmol)的干燥二氯甲烷(7mL)溶液滴加至该冷的反应混合物中。在50分钟内将该混合物加温至-40℃。然后将该混合物冷却至-60℃,并逐滴加入三乙胺(1.90mL,13.92mmol)。将该混合物缓慢地升温至室温,并在室温下持续搅拌一夜。将该混合物在二氯甲烷和水中进行分配。用硫酸钠干燥有机层,过滤并蒸发至干。通过硅胶柱层析,用乙酸乙酯和正庚烷的(50∶50)混合物进行洗脱来纯化残余物,得到所需要的化合物(0.55g,86%)。
Rf=0.51(乙酸乙酯/正庚烷50∶50)。LCMS m/z 277[M+H]+。HPLCtR=10.9(方法III)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ8.27-8.21(m,2H,Ar-H),7.79(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),7.68(m,1H,Ar-H),7.61(m,1H,Ar-H),6.93(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),4.39(m,2H,Tr-H),3.03(m,2H,Tr-H),2.53(m,2H,Tr-H),2.20(m,2H,Tr-H),1.85(m,2H,Tr-H)。
4-(3-丙氨基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈,盐酸化物(156AF01-222和156AF01-223)
向156AF03-217(64mg,0.23mmol)的THF(1mL)溶液中加入正丙胺(54μL,0.65mmol)和醋酸(50μL,0.87μmol)。室温搅拌一小时后,加入氰基硼氢化纳(33mg,0.52mmol)的甲醇(2mL)溶液。在110℃下,在密封的烧瓶中搅拌反应混合物20分钟。蒸发除去溶剂,将残余物在二氯甲烷和水中进行分配。蒸发有机层至干,并经过酸性离子交换药筒来纯化残余物。通过硅胶柱层析法,用阶式梯度的含5%-10%甲醇的二氯甲烷进行洗脱来实施非对映异构体(endo/exo 41∶59)的分离。将两个非对映异构体转化为如上所述的相应的盐酸盐。
内-非对映异构体156AF01-222:Rf=0.34(MeOH/CH2Cl2 10∶90)。LCMS m/z 320[M+H]+。HPLC tR=2.8分钟(方法II)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ8.21(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),8.15(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),7.72(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),7.62(m,1H,Ar-H),7.53(m,1H,Ar-H),6.86(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),4.09(m,2H,Tr-H),3.13(m,1H,Tr-H),2.61(t,2H,J=7.2,NCH2CH2CH3),2.45-2.38(m,2H,Tr-H),2.18(m,2H,Tr-H),1.98-1.92(m,2H,Tr-H),1.78(m,2H,Tr-H),1.52(h,2H,J=7.2,NCH2CH2CH3),0.96(t,3H,J=7.2,NCH2CH2CH3)。
外-非对映异构体156AF01-223:Rf=0.19(MeOH/CH2Cl2 10∶90)。LCMS m/z 320[M+H]+。HPLC tR=4.1分钟(方法II)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ8.21(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),8.15(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),7.72(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),7.62(m,1H,Ar-H),7.53(m,1H,Ar-H),6.86(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),4.17(m,2H,Tr-H),3.04(m,1H,Tr-H),2.64(t,2H,J=7.2,NCH2CH2CH3),2.11-2.00(m,4H,Tr-H),1.85-1.75(m,4H,Tr-H),1.54(h,2H,J=7.2,NCH2CH2CH3),0.96(t,3H,J=7.2,NCH2CH2CH3)。
4-(3-二甲氨基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈,盐酸化物(156AF05-224)
将二甲胺(200μL,0.40mmol)和醋酸(50μL,0.87μmol)加入156AF03-217(56mg,0.20mmol)的THF与甲醇(1∶1,2mL)的混合溶液中。在110℃下,在微波辐射中,在密封的烧瓶中搅拌混合物10分钟。在室温下将氰基硼氢化钠的甲醇溶液(300μL)加入至反应混合物中。在110℃下,在微波辐射中,在密封的烧瓶中搅拌该混合物18分钟。除去溶剂,将残余物在二氯甲烷和水中进行分配。将有机层蒸发至干。通过硅胶柱层析法,用阶式梯度的含5%-10%甲醇的二氯甲烷进行洗脱来实施该残余物的纯化,得到了比例为80∶20的非对映异构体混合物形式的所需产物(27mg,44%)。将产物转化为如上所述的相应的盐酸盐。
Rf=0.18(MeOH/CH2Cl2 10∶90)。LCMS m/z 306[M+H]+。HPLC tR=2.5分钟(方法II)。
4-[3-(3-羟丙基氨基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基]萘-1-甲腈,盐酸化物(156AF07-225)
采用与156AF05-224的制备方法相同的方法,由3-氨基-1-丙醇(31mg,0.41mmol)和156AF03-217(57mg,0.21mmol)合成所述产物。分离出非对映异构体混合物形式的产物(11mg,16%)。将该产物转化为如上所述的相应的盐酸盐。
Rf=0.22(MeOH/CH2Cl2 10∶90)。LCMS m/z 336[M+H]+。HPLC tR=2.6分钟(方法II)。
4-[3-(2-乙氧基乙氨基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基]萘-1-甲腈,盐酸化物(156AF09-226和156AF09-227)
采用与156AF05-224的制备方法相同的方法,由2-乙氧基乙胺(35mg,0.40mmol)和156AF03-217(54mg,0.19mmol)合成该标题化合物。通过硅胶柱层析法,用阶式梯度的含5-10%甲醇的二氯甲烷进行洗脱来实施非对映异构体(内/外41∶59)的分离。将该产物转化为如上所述的相应的盐酸盐。
内-非对映异构体156AF09-226:Rf=0.46(MeOH/CH2Cl2 10∶90)。LCMS m/z 350[M+H]+。HPLC tR=4.9分钟(方法II)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ8.21(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),8.16(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),7.72(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),7.63(m,1H,Ar-H),7.54(m,1H,Ar-H),6.87(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),4.10(m,2H,Tr-H),3.59-3.49(m,4H,CH2O),3.16(m,1H,Tr-H),2.83(m,2H,NCH2),2.46-2.40(m,2H,Tr-H),2.22-2.15(m,2H,Tr-H),1.96(m,2H,Tr-H),1.82(m,2H,Tr-H),1.24(t,3H,J=7.2,OCH2CH3)。
外-非对映异构体156AF09-227:Rf=0.25(MeOH/CH2Cl2 10∶90)。LCMS m/z 350[M+H]+。HPLC tR=5.9分钟(方法II)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ8.16(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),8.08(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),7.65(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),7.55(m,1H,Ar-H),7.45(m,1H,Ar-H),6.80(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),4.11(m,2H,Tr-H),3.56-3.44(m,4H,CH2O),3.10(m,1H,Tr-H),2.84(m,2H,NCH2),2.09-1.69(m,8H,Tr-H),1.15(t,3H,J=7.2,OCH2CH3)。
4-{3-[2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)乙氨基]-8-氮杂二环[3.2,1]辛-8-基}萘-1-甲腈,二盐酸化物(156AF11-229)
将组胺(16mg,0.14mmol)的甲醇溶液滴加至156AF03-217(20mg,72.4μmmol)的THF(0.5mL)溶液中,随后加入醋酸(25μL,0.43mmol)。室温搅拌2小时后,加入氰基硼氢化纳(10mg,0.16mmol)的甲醇(0.10mL)溶液。在48℃下,将反应混合物振荡过夜。除去溶剂,将残余物在二氯甲烷和1M的氢氧化钠水溶液中进行分配。将有机层蒸发至干,得到非对映异构体混合物形式的所需产物,比例为60∶40。将该产物转化为如上所述的相应的盐酸盐。
LCMS m/z 372[M+H]+。HPLC tR=3.1和3.9分钟(方法I)。
4-(3-环丙氨基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈,盐酸化物(156AF11-230)
采用与156AF11-229的制备方法相同的方法,由环丙胺(8.3mg,0.14mmol)和156AF03-217(20mg,72.4μmol)合成该标题化合物(非对映异构体,比例为28∶72)。将该产物转化为如上所述的相应的盐酸盐。
LCMS m/z 318[M+H]+。HPLC tR=6.4和8.9分钟(方法I)。
4-[3-(2-二甲氨基乙氨基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基]萘-1-甲腈,二盐酸化物(156AF11-231)
采用与156AF11-229的制备方法相同的方法,由N,N-二甲基乙二胺(13mg,0.15mmol)和156AF03-217(20mg,72.4μmol)合成该标题化合物(非对映异构体,比例为45∶55)。将该产物转化为如上所述的相应的盐酸盐。
LCMS m/z 349[M+H]+。HPLC tR=4.7和6.0分钟(方法I)。
4-[3-(环己基甲氨基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基]萘-1-甲腈,盐酸化物(156AF11-232)
采用与156AF11-229的制备方法相同的方法,由氨甲基环己烷(16mg,0.15mmol)和156AF03-217(20mg,72.4μmol)合成该标题化合物(非对映异构体,比例为47∶53)。将该产物转化为如上所述的相应的盐酸盐。
LCMS m/z 374[M+H]+。HPLC tR=7.7和9.1分钟(方法I)。
4-{3-[(呋喃-2-基甲基)氨基]-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基}萘-1-甲腈,盐酸化物(156AF11-233)
采用与156AF11-229的制备方法相同的方法,由糠胺(14mg,0.15mmol)和156AF03-217(20mg,72.4μmol)合成该标题化合物(非对映异构体,比例为65∶35)。将该产物转化为如上所述的相应的盐酸盐。
LCMS m/z 358[M+H]+。HPLC tR=7.5和9.8分钟(方法I)。
4-[3-(2-吗啉-4-基乙氨基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基]萘-1-甲腈,二盐酸化物(156AF11-234)
采用与156AF11-229的制备方法相同的方法,由4-(2-氨乙基)吗啉(19mg,0.15mmol)和156AF03-217(20mg,72.4μmol)合成该标题化合物(非对映异构体,比例为38∶62)。将该产物转化为如上所述的相应的盐酸盐。
LCMS m/z 391[M+H]+。HPLC tR=4.2和5.5分钟(方法I)。
4-{3-[(吡啶-2-基甲基)氨基]-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基}萘-1-甲腈,二盐酸化物(156AF11-235)
采用与156AF11-229的制备方法相同的方法,由2-(氨甲基)吡啶(16mg,0.15mmol)和156AF03-217(20mg,72.4μmol)合成该标题化合物(非对映异构体,比例为49∶51)。将该产物转化为如上所述的相应的盐酸盐。
LCMS m/z 369[M+H]+。HPLC tR=6.7和8.6分钟(方法I)
4-[3-(2-异丙氧基乙氨基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基]萘-1-甲腈,盐酸化物(156AF11-237)
采用与156AF11-229的制备方法相同的方法,由2-氨乙基异丙醚(15mg,0.15mmol)和156AF03-217(20mg,72.4μmol)合成该标题化合物(非对映异构体,比例为42∶58)。将该产物转化为如上所述的相应的盐酸盐。
LCMS m/z 364[M+H]+。HPLC tR=6.7和7.7分钟(方法I)。
4-(1,4-二氧杂-8-氮杂螺[4.5]癸-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(156AF14-239)
将1,4-二氧杂-8-氮杂螺[4.5]癸烷(332mg,2.32mmol)加入至1-氰基-1-氟萘(120mg,0.70mmol)的无水THF(1mL)溶液中。室温搅拌48小时后,将混合物在乙酸乙酯和水中进行分配。用硫酸钠干燥有机层,过滤并蒸发至干。用乙酸乙酯和正庚烷(50∶50)的混合物洗涤该残余物。通过硅胶柱层析,用含5%甲醇的二氯甲烷进行洗脱来实施纯化,得到所需要的化合物(126mg,43%)。将化合物转化为如上所述的相应的盐酸盐。
Rf=0.45(乙酸乙酯/正庚烷50∶50)。LCMS m/z 295[M+H]+。HPLCtR=12.3分钟(方法I)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ8.21-8.15(m,2H,Ar-H),7.82(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),7.65(m,1H,Ar-H),7.58(m,1H,Ar-H),7.04(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),4.03(m,4H,二氧戊环-H),3.27(m,4H,pip-H),2.01(m,4H,pip-H)。
4-(3-肟基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(156AF17-240)
将醋酸钠的水(1mL)溶液加入156AF03-217(61mg,0.22mmol)与盐酸羟胺(31mg,0.44mmol)的THF(2mL)溶液中。在120℃下,在微波辐射中,在密封的烧瓶中搅拌反应混合物2×10分钟。分离出所得到的黄色有机层,并蒸发至干。从乙酸乙酯和正庚烷的混合物(50∶50)中结晶所需要的产物。
Rf=0.25(乙酸乙酯/正庚烷50∶50)。LCMS m/z 292[M+H]+。HPLCtR=10.2分钟(方法III)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ8.26-8.19(m,2H,Ar-H),7.76(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),7.67(m,1H,Ar-H),7.59(m,1H,Ar-H),6.93(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),4.32-4.23(m,2H,Tr-H),3.32(m,1H,Tr-H),2.94(m,1H,Tr-H),2.62-2.49(m,2H,Tr-H),2.13-2.03(m,2H,Tr-H),1.86-1.69(m,2H,Tr-H)。
3-氯丙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯(156AF31-245)
在-30℃下,在氩气氛中,将3-氯丙酰氯(370μL,3.84mmol)的干燥二氯甲烷(2mL)溶液滴加至154BG31(712mg,2.56mmol)与三乙胺(714μL,5.12mmol)的干燥二氯甲烷(8mL)冷溶液中。将该混合物加温至室温。室温搅拌4小时后,除去溶剂,将残余物在乙酸乙酯和水中进行分配。用硫酸钠干燥有机层,过滤并蒸发至干(801mg,85%)。该化合物无需进一步纯化就使用。
Rf=0.58(乙酸乙酯/正庚烷50∶50)。LCMS m/z 369[M+H]+。HPLCtR=13.6分钟(方法III)。
甲氧基乙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯(88PS39)
采用与156AF31-245的制备方法相同的方法,由甲氧基乙酰氯(50μL,0.54mmol)和154BG31(100mg,0.36mmol)合成该化合物。将反应时间延长至20小时。通过硅胶柱层析,用阶式梯度的含50-80%乙酸乙酯的正庚烷进行洗脱来实施纯化,得到所需要的化合物。
LCMS m/z 351[M+H]+。HPLC tR=12.2分钟(方法III)。1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.19(m,2H,Ar-H),7.76(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),7.66(m,1H,Ar-H),7.57(m,1H,Ar-H),6.91(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),5.39(m,1H,Tr-H),4.184.07(m,4H,Tr-H,COCH2O),3.51(s,3H,OCH3),2.61-2.51(m,2H,Tr-H),2.18-2.01(m,6H,Tr-H)。
3-吗啉-4-基丙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯,盐酸化物(156AF32-246)
将碘化钠(129mg,0.86mmol)加入至156AF31-245(318mg,0.86mmol)的二氯甲烷溶液中。室温下,将吗啉(500μL,5.73mmol)逐滴加入该混合物中。连续室温搅拌一夜。将该混合物悬浮于硅胶上,并通过硅胶柱层析,用含5%甲醇的二氯甲烷进行洗脱来纯化该混合物。将产物(236mg,65%)转化为如上所述的相应的盐酸盐。
Rf=0.26(MeOH/CH2Cl2 5∶95)。LCMS m/z 420[M+H]+。HPLC tR=4.1分钟(方法II)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ8.16(m,2H,Ar-H),7.73(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),7.63(m,1H,Ar-H),7.54(m,1H,Ar-H),6.88(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),5.27(m,1H,Tr-H),4.11(m,2H,Tr-H),3.70-3.60(m,7H,吗啉-H,COCH2CH2N),3.46(m,1H,COCH2CH2N),2.72(m,2H,Tr-H),2.55-2.48(m,6H,Tr-H,吗啉-H),2.18-1.98(m,6H,Tr-H)。
3-(4-乙基哌嗪-1-基)丙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯,盐酸化物(156AF35-247)
采用与156AF32-246的制备方法相同的方法,由156AF31-245(480mg,1.30mmol)和1-乙基哌嗪(742mg,6.50mmol)制备所需化合物。将该产物(584mg,100%)转化为如上所述的相应的盐酸盐。
Rf=0.36(MeOH/CH2Cl2 10∶90)。LCMS m/z 447[M+H]+。HPLC tR=3.3分钟(方法II)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ8.16(m,2H,Ar-H),7.73(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),7.63(m,1H,Ar-H),7.54(m,1H,Ar-H),6.88(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),5.27(m,1H,Tr-H),4.11(m,2H,Tr-H),2.74(m,2H,COCH2CH2N),2.55-2.40(m,12H,CH2Et,COCH2CH2N,哌嗪-H),2.18-1.98(m,6H,Tr-H),1.10(t,3H,J=7.2,CH3Et)。
3-二乙氨基丙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯,盐酸化物(88PS37)
采用与156AF32-246的制备方法相同的方法,由156AF31-245(272mg,0.74mmol)和二乙胺(270mg,3.67mmol)制备所需化合物。将该产物(139mg,46%)转化为如上所述的相应的盐酸盐。
LCMS m/z 406[M+H]+。HPLC tR=3.2分钟(方法II)。1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.19(m,2H,Ar-H),7.76(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),7.66(m,1H,Ar-H),7.56(m,1H,Ar-H),6.91(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),5.29(m,1H,Tr-H),4.13(m,2H,Tr-H),2.93(m,2H,COCH2CH2N),2.68-2.48(m,6H,CH2Et,Tr-H),2.16-2.00(m,6H,Tr-H),1.11(t,6H,J=7.2,CH3Et)。
氯乙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯(156AF36-248)
采用与156AF31-245的制备方法相同的方法,由154BG31(235mg,0.84mmol)和氯乙酰氯(100μL,1.26mmol)合成该化合物。将反应时间延长至20小时。通过硅胶柱层析,用乙酸乙酯和正庚烷(50∶50)的混合物进行洗脱来实施纯化,得到所需要的化合物(189mg,64%)。
Rf=0.59(乙酸乙酯/正庚烷50∶50)。LCMS m/z 355[M+H]+。HPLCtR=5.1分钟(方法II)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ8.17(m,2H,Ar-H),7.74(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),7.64(m,1H,Ar-H),7.55(m,1H,Ar-H),6.90(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),5.35(m,1H,Tr-H),4.13(m,4H,Tr-H,COCH2CI),2.60-2.51(m,2H,Tr-H),2.18(m,2H,Tr-H),2.05(m,4H,Tr-H)。
吗啉-4-基乙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯,盐酸化物(156AF37-249)
采用与156AF32-246的制备方法相同的方法,由156AF36-248(175mg,0.49mmol)和吗啉(430μL,4.93mmol)合成所需要的化合物。并将该产物(175mg,88%)转化为如上所述的相应的盐酸盐。
Rf=0.24(MeOH/CH2Cl2 4∶96)。LCMS m/z 406[M+H]+。HPLC tR=4.2分钟(方法II)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ8.16(m,2H,Ar-H),7.73(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),7.63(m,1H,Ar-H),7.54(m,1H,Ar-H),6.88(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),5.32(m,1H,Tr-H),4.12(m,2H,Tr-H),3.78(m,4H,吗啉-H),3.25(s,2H,COCH2N),2.65(m,4H,吗啉-H),2.55-2.49(m,2H,Tr-H),2.15-1.99(m,6H,Tr-H)。
咪唑-1-基乙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯,盐酸化物(156AF40-251)
采用与156AF32-246的制备方法相同的方法,由156AF36-248(177mg,0.50mmol)和咪唑(170mg,2.49mmol)合成所需要的化合物。将反应时间延长至3天。将该产物(153mg,81%)转化为如上所述的相应的盐酸盐。
Rf=0.42(MeOH/CH2Cl2 10∶90).LCMS m/z 387[M+H]+。HPLC tR=3.6分钟(方法II)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ8.16(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),8.11(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),7.73(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),7.63(m,1H,Ar-H),7.54(m,2H,Ar-H,咪唑-H),7.12(m,1H,咪唑-H),6.98(m,1H,咪唑-H),6.85(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),5.35(m,1H,Tr-H),4.06(m,2H,Tr-H),3.48(s,2H,COCH2N),2.55-2.49(m,2H,Tr-H),1.96(m,4H,Tr-H),1.79(m,2H,Tr-H)。
(4-乙基哌嗪-1-基)乙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯,二盐酸化物(156AF42-252)
采用与156AF32-246的制备方法相同的,由156AF36-248(222mg,0.63mmol)和乙基哌嗪(357mg,3.13mmol)合成所需化合物。将该产物(181mg,67%)转化为如上所述的相应的盐酸盐。
Rf=0.15(MeOH/CH2Cl2 7∶93)。LCMS m/z 433[M+H]+。HPLC tR=6.4分钟(方法II)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ8.16(m,2H,Ar-H),7.73(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),7.63(m,1H,Ar-H),7.54(m,1H,Ar-H),6.88(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),5.30(m,1H,Tr-H),4.11(m,2H,Tr-H),3.22(s,2H,COCH2N),2.71-2.40(m,12H,哌嗪-H,Tr-H,CH2Et),2.16-1.98(m,6H,Tr-H),1.08(t,3H,J=7.2,CH3Et)。
二乙基氨基乙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯,盐酸化物(156AF43-253)
采用与156AF32-246的制备方法相同的方法,由156AF36-248(151mg,0.43mmol)和二乙胺(155mg,2.12mmol)合成所需化合物。将该产物(136mg,81%)转化为如上所述的相应的盐酸盐。
Rf=0.47(MeOH/CH2Cl2 7∶93)。LCMS m/z 392[M+H]+。HPLC tR=7.9分钟(方法II)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ8.16(m,2H,Ar-H),7.73(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),7.63(m,1H,Ar-H),7.54(m,1H,Ar-H),6.88(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),5.30(m,1H,Tr-H),4.11(m,2H,Tr-H),3.33(s,2H,COCH2N),2.69(q,4H,J=7.2,CH2Et),2.54-2.48(m,2H,Tr-H),2.15(m,2H,Tr-H),2.02(m,4H,Tr-H),1.08(t,6H,J=7.2,CH3Et)。
琥珀酸单内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯(156AF48-254)
在室温下,将琥珀酸酐(368mg,3.68mmol)加入至154BG31(129mg,0.46mmol)与三乙胺(160μL,1.15mmol)的乙酸乙酯(10mL)溶液中。在50℃下搅拌该混合物一周。通过硅胶柱层析,用乙酸乙酯和正庚烷(55∶45)的混合物进行洗脱来纯化该反应混合物,得到所需产物(69mg,40%)。
Rf=0.17(乙酸乙酯)。LCMS m/z 379[M+H]+。HPLC tR=2.6分钟(方法II)。1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.10(m,2H,Ar-H),7.68(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),7.57(m,1H,Ar-H),7.48(m,1H,Ar-H),6.83(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),5.20(m,1H,Tr-H),4.05(m,2H,Tr-H),2.70-2.56(m,4H,COCH2CH2COOH),2.48-2.40(m,2H,Tr-H),2.12-2.00(m,6H,Tr-H)。
三氟醋酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯(156AF54-259)
在室温下,将三氟醋酐(198μL,1.40mmol)加入至154BG31(77mg,0.28mmol)的乙酸乙酯溶液中。在60℃下将混合物搅拌一夜。将该混合物在乙酸乙酯和水中进行分配。用硫酸钠干燥有机层,过滤并蒸发至干。通过硅胶柱层析,用乙酸乙酯和正庚烷(55∶45)的混合物进行洗脱来纯化残余物,得到所需产物(20mg,19%)。
Rf=0.71(乙酸乙酯/正庚烷55∶45)。LCMS m/z 375[M+H]+。HPLCtR=5.8分钟(方法II)。1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.17(m,2H,Ar-H),7.79(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),7.71(m,1H,Ar-H),7.59(m,1H,Ar-H),6.93(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),5.49(m,1H,Tr-H),4.18(m,2H,Tr-H),2.68-2.60(m,2H,Tr-H),2.27-2.03(m,6H,Tr-H)。
4-(3,4-二羟基吡咯烷-1-基)萘-1-甲腈(156AF59-258)
在溶于二乙醚(3mL)的2M盐酸溶液中,对1-Boc-3,4-吡咯烷二醇(178mg,0.88mmol)进行搅拌。室温搅拌2小时后,通过过滤从混合物中分离出3,4-吡咯烷二醇的盐酸化物形式。将该产物溶于甲醇中,并与PS-三羟甲基氨基甲烷树脂(3.38mmol/g,0.5g)一起静置一夜。过滤除去该树脂,真空浓缩滤液,得到无色油状的3,4-吡咯烷二醇。将该物质溶于DMF(3mL)中,并将1-氰基-4-氟萘(66mg,0.39mmol)加入到该溶液中。室温搅拌48小时后,将该反应混合物在乙酸乙酯和水中进行分配。用盐水洗涤有机层,用硫酸钠干燥、过滤并蒸发至干。通过硅胶柱层析,用阶式梯度的含5-10%甲醇的二氯甲烷进行洗脱来纯化残余物,得到所需化合物(14mg,14%)。
Rf=0.38(MeOH/CH2Cl2 10∶90)。LCMS m/z 255[M+H]+。HPLC tR=2.13分钟(方法III)。1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.21-8.12(m,2H,Ar-H),7.69(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),7.60(m,1H,Ar-H),7.49(m,1H,Ar-H),6.68(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),4.50-4.41(m,2H,吡咯烷-H),3.94-3.80(m,2H,吡咯烷-H),3.72-3.51(m,2H,吡咯烷-H),2.88(宽s,2H,OH)。
4-(3-外-乙炔基-3-内-羟基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(88PS41)
在0℃下,将溴化乙炔基镁试剂(0.5M的无水THF溶液,877μL,0.44mmol)滴加至156AF03-217(100mg,0.36mmol)的无水THF(2mL)冷溶液中。将混合物加温至室温。室温搅拌20小时后,用水猝灭该反应。将混合物在水和乙酸乙酯中进行分配。用硫酸钠干燥有机层,过滤并蒸发至干。通过硅胶柱层析,用阶式梯度的含40-100%乙酸乙酯的正庚烷进行洗脱来纯化残余物,得到所需要的化合物(6.4mg,6%)。
LCMS m/z 303[M+H]+。HPLC tR=11.5分钟(方法III)。1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.13-8.08(m,2H,Ar-H),7.68(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),7.58(m,1H,Ar-H),7.48(m,1H,Ar-H),6.83(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),4.11-4.03(m,2H,Tr-H),2.67-2-57(m,2H,Tr-H),2.48(s,1H,CC-H),2.26-2.13(m,4H,Tr-H),1.92-1.78(m,3H,Tr-H,OH)。
4-[3-(2-[1,3]二噁烷-2-基乙基)-3-羟基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基]萘-1-甲腈(156AF53-260)
在室温下,将溴化1,3-二噁烷-2-基乙基镁试剂(0.5M的无水THF溶液:860μL,0.43mmol)滴加至156AF03-217(80mg,0.29mmol)的无水THF(2mL)溶液中。室温搅拌48小时,用饱和的氯化铵猝灭该反应。将混合物在氯化铵和乙酸乙酯中进行分配。用硫酸钠干燥有机层,过滤并蒸发至干。通过硅胶柱层析法,用阶式梯度的含40-100%乙酸乙酯的正庚烷进行洗脱来纯化残余物,得到非对映异构体混合物形式的所需化合物,比例为85∶15(37mg,45%)。
LCMS m/z 393[M+H]+。HPLC tR=4.3和4.8分钟(方法II)。主要对应异构体:1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.10-8.05(m,2H,Ar-H),7.66(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),7.56(m,1H,Ar-H),7.45(m,1H,Ar-H),6.82(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),4.54(m,1H,二噁烷-H),4.11-4.02(m,4H,Tr-H,二噁烷-H),3.78-3.67(m,2H,二噁烷-H),2.29-1.56(m,13H,Tr-H,CH2CH2COH,二噁烷-H),1.34-1.24(m,1H,二噁烷-H)。
4-(内-3-甲氧基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(88PS44)
在室温下,将氢化钠(50%的矿物油悬浮液,10mg,0.21mmol)加入到154BG31(50mg,0.18mmol)溶液中。室温搅拌15分钟后,将甲基碘(22μL,0.36mmol)加入到混合物中,并在60℃下连续搅拌一夜。将该混合物冷却至室温,将其在乙酸乙酯和水中进行分配。用硫酸钠干燥有机层,过滤并蒸发至干。通过硅胶柱层析,用乙酸乙酯和正庚烷(50∶50)的混合物进行洗脱来实施纯化,得到所需要的化合物(4.4mg,8%)。
LCMS m/z 293[M+H]+。HPLC tR=5.6分钟(方法II)。
(1S,4S)-5-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-2,5-二氮杂二环[2.2.1]庚烷-2-羧酸叔丁酯(165RL03)
将1-氰基-4-氟萘(50mg,0.29mmol)和叔丁基(1S,4S)-(-)-2,5-二氮杂二环-[2.2.1]庚烷-2-羧酸酯(86mg,0.44mmol)溶于吡啶(1mL)中。加入DBU(18μL,0.12mmol),并在60℃下将混合物在管形瓶中振荡40小时。在冷却至室温后,加入盐酸(1M,10mL)并用二氯甲烷(3×5mL)萃取该混合物。用碳酸氢钠洗涤合并的有机层,用硫酸钠干燥并蒸发至干。通过硅胶柱层析,用乙酸乙酯/正庚烷(1∶1)进行洗脱来纯化固体,得到白色固体(42mg,41%)。
Rf=0.40(EtOAc/正庚烷1∶1)。LCMS m/z 350[M+H]+。HPLC tR=12.4分钟(方法III)。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.09(d,1H,J=7.9Hz,Ar-H),8.01(d,1H,J=7.9Hz,Ar-H),7.65(d,1H,J=7.9Hz,Ar-H),7.54(m,1H,Ar-H),7.39(m,1H,Ar-H),6.65(d,1H,J=7.9Hz,Ar-H),4.60-4.48(m,2H,pip-H),3.92-3.39(m,4H,pip-H),2.01-1.82(m,2H,pip-H),1.36(s,9H,CH3叔丁基)。
4-((1S,4S)-2,5-二氮杂二环[2.2.1]庚-2-基)萘-1-甲腈盐酸化物(165RL09)
将165RL03(207mg,0.59mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(2mL)中。加入三氟醋酸(2mL),并在室温下将混合物在管形瓶中振荡3小时。TLC显示不再有起始材料。加入盐酸(1M,5mL),并用乙酸乙酯(2×10mL)洗涤混合物。用氢氧化钠(2M)使水层呈碱性,并用乙酸乙酯(3×20mL)萃取。用硫酸钠干燥合并的有机层,并蒸发至干,得到米白色固体(146mg,99%)。将该产物转化为如上所述的相应的盐酸盐。
LCMS m/z 250[M+H]+。HPLC tR=1.2分钟(方法II)。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.13(m,2H,Ar-H),7.72(d,1H,J=8.3,Ar-H),7.60(m,1H,Ar-H),7.45(m,1H,Ar-H),6.70(d,1H,J=8.3,Ar-H),4.48(s,1H,pip-H),4.04(dd,1H,J=2.3,9.4,pip-H),3.86(s,1H,pip-H),3.45-3.37(m,2H,pip-H),3.17(dd,1H,J=2.1,10.2,pip-H),2.06-1.89(m,2H,pip-H),2.01(br,1H,NH)。
4-[(1S,4S)-5-(甲氧乙酰基)-2,5-二氮杂二环[2.2.1]庚-2-基]萘-1-甲腈(165RL10)
将165RL09(16.5mg,0.066mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(1mL)中。加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(DIPEA)(9.4mg,0.073mmol),随后加入甲氧乙酰氯(7.9mg,0.073mmol)。在室温下将混合物在管形瓶中振荡18小时。加入水(3mL),分层。用乙酸乙酯(2×5mL)萃取水层,并将合并的有机层蒸发。通过硅胶柱层析,用乙酸乙酯/甲醇(1∶1)进一步纯化化合物,得到该标题化合物(21mg,97%)。
Rf=0.66(EtOAc/MeOH 1∶1)。LCMS m/z 322[M+H]+。HPLC tR=2.5分钟(方法II)。1H-NMR(CD3OD,300MHz,旋转异构体0.5∶0.5)δ8.17(d,1H,J=8.4,Ar-H),8.03(dd,1H,J=0.8和8.4,Ar-H),7.76(m,1H,Ar-H),7.63(m,1H,Ar-H),7.51(m,1H,Ar-H),6.90(d,1H,J=8.3,Ar-H),4.96-4.66(m,2H,pip-H),4.15和4.01(2s,2H,COCH2O),4.14-4.04(m,1H,pip-H),3.91-3.80(m,1H,pip-H),3.71-3.48(m,2H,pip-H),3.38和3.36(2s,2H,OCH3),2.23-1.97(m,2H,pip-H)。
4-((1S,45)-5-乙酰基-2,5-二氮杂二环[2.2.1]庚-2-基)萘-1-甲腈(165RL11)
将165RL09(16.3mg,0.065mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(1mL)中。加入DIPEA(9.3mg,0.072mmol),随后加入乙酰氯(5.6mg,0.072mmol)。在室温下将混合物在管形瓶中振荡18小时。加入水(3mL),分层。用乙酸乙酯(2×5mL)萃取水层,并将合并的有机层蒸发。通过硅胶柱层析法,用乙酸乙酯/甲醇(9/1)进一步纯化化合物。收率:10.0mg(53%)。
Rf=0.23(EtOAc/MeOH 9∶1)。LCMS m/z 292[M+H]+。HPLC tR=2.5分钟(方法I)。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz,旋转异构体0.5∶0.5)δ8.17(d,1H,J=8.3,Ar-H),8.06(t,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),7.73(m,1H,Ar-H),7.63(m,1H,Ar-H),7.48(m,1H,Ar-H),6.75(m,1H,Ar-H),5.04-4.53(m,2H,pip-H),4.06-3.81(m,2H,pip-H),3.65-3.53(m,2H,pip-H),2.21-1.96(m,2H,pip-H),2.12和1.98(2s,3H,CH3)。
4-[(1S,45)-5-(2-羟乙基)-2,5-二氮杂二环[2.2.1]庚-2-基]萘-1-甲腈(165RL12)
将165RL09(16.2mg,0.065mmol)溶于THF(1mL)中。加入碳酸钠(9.3mg,0.130mmol),随后加入2-碘乙醇(5.6mg,0.072mmol)。在50℃下,将混合物在管形瓶中振荡18小时。加入水(3mL),分层。用乙酸乙酯(2×5mL)萃取水层,并将合并的有机层蒸发。通过用三乙胺/甲醇(1∶24)进行硅胶柱层析,随后用制备HPLC纯化化合物,得到5.0mg纯化物(26%)。
Rf=0.30(Et3N/MeOH 1∶24)。LCMS m/z 292[M+H]+。HPLC tR=1.5分钟(方法II)。1H-NMR(CD3OD,300MHz)δ8.23(d,1H,J=8.5,Ar-H),8.06(dd,1H,J=0.8和8.4,Ar-H),7.78(d,1H,J=8.3Hz,Ar-H),7.65(m,1H,Ar-H),7.52(m,1H,Ar-H),6.88(d,1H,J=8.3,Ar-H),4.52(s,1H,pip-H),3.89-3.72(m,3H,pip-H),3.67(t,2H,J=5.8,CH2),3.25-2.14(m,2H,pip-H),2.84(m,2H,CH2),1.29(m,2H,pip-H)。
4-((1S,45)-5-甲基-2,5-二氮杂二环[2.2.1]庚-2-基)萘-1-甲腈盐酸化物(165RL15)
将165RL09(26.4mg,0.106mmol)溶于甲醇(5mL)中,并加入甲醛(37%水溶液,16μL,0.21mmol)。通过加入醋酸(10μL)酸化混合物。振荡5分钟后,加入氰基硼氢化纳(46.6mg,0.741mmol),并使混合物反应2小时。通过加入5滴氢氧化钠(2M),随后加入水(10mL)来水解该混合物,并用二氯甲烷萃取混合物(3×10mL)。用硫酸钠干燥合并的有机层,过滤并蒸发至干。无需纯化该产物(23mg,83%),将其转化为如上所述的相应的盐酸盐。
LCMS m/z 263[M+H]+。HPLC tR=1.5分钟(方法I)。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.13(m,2H,Ar-H),7.70(d,1H,J=8.3,Ar-H),7.59(m,1H,Ar-H),7.44(m,1H,Ar-H),6.66(d,1H,J=8.3,Ar-H),4.36(s,1H,pip-H),3.80-3.67(m,2H,pip-H),3.51(s,1H,pip-H),3.06-2.79(m,2H,pip-H),2.41(s,3H,NCH3),2.05-1.92(m,2H,pip-H)。
4-(3-氨基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈,盐酸化物(165RL21)
将156AF03-217(252mg,0.912mmol)溶于甲醇中(25mL)。加入醋酸铵(702mg,9.12mmol)和氰基硼氢化钠(57.3mg,0.912mmol),同时加入一些分子筛(3)。在室温下使混合物反应60小时。加入盐酸(2M)直到pH<2,并用乙酸乙酯(2×25mL)洗涤该混合物。用氢氧化钠使水层呈碱性,并用乙酸乙酯萃取(3×30mL)。将合并的有机层蒸发至干,并通过离子交换(SCX)纯化,得到90mg(36%)该标题化合物。
LCMS m/z 278[M+H]+。HPLC tR=2.1分钟(方法II)。1H-NMR(CD3OD,300MHz,非对映异构体外∶内 3∶2)δ8.17(m,2H,Ar-H),7.71(d,1H,J=8.1,Ar-H),7.61(m,1H,Ar-H),7.52(m,1H,Ar-H),6.86(d,1H,J=8.1,Ar-H),4.10(br,2H,NH2),3.53(m,0.6H,内-CH),3.24(m,0.4H,外-CH),2.53-2.44(m,1H,Tr-H),2.21(m,1H,Tr-H),2.10-1.62(m,8H,Tr-H)。
2-氯-N-[8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基]乙酰胺,盐酸化物(165RL23)
将DMF(1.5mL)冷却至-30℃,并加入氯乙酰氯(20μL,0.251mmol)。5分钟内向该混合物中加入165RL21(63mg,0.225mmol)与DIPEA(44μL,0.249mmol)的DMF(3.5mL)溶液。搅拌1小时后,使该混合物在室温下反应一夜。然后加入水(15mL)并用乙酸乙酯(2×15mL)萃取该混合物。将合并的有机层蒸发,并用硅胶柱层析法,用正庚烷/乙酸乙酯(1∶4)进行洗脱来纯化。将该产物(36mg,45%)转化为如上所述的相应的盐酸盐。
Rf=0.42(EtOAc/正庚烷 4∶1)。LCMS m/z 432[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz,非对映异构体外∶内 3∶2)δ8.18(m,2H,Ar-H),7.73(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),7.64(m,1H,Ar-H),7.55(m,1H,Ar-H),7.17(d,0.6H,J=7.3,CONH),6.87(m,1H,Ar-H),6.53(d,0.4H,J=8.2,CONH),4.39(m,1H,Tr-H),4.17(m,1H,Tr-H),4.09(s,1.2H,CH2-Cl),4.07(s,0.6H,CH2-Cl),2.66-2.58(m,1H,Tr-H),2.17-1.18(m,7H,Tr-H)。
N-[8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基]-2-(4-乙基哌嗪-1-基)乙酰胺,二盐酸化物(165RL27)
将165RL23(18mg,0.051mmol)、1-乙基哌嗪(13μL,0.10mmol)和碳酸钾(14.1mg,0.10mmol)加入乙腈(2mL)中。在50℃下将混合物在管形瓶中振荡3小时,然后在室温下振荡3天。过滤该混合物,蒸发,并通过硅胶柱层析,采用甲醇/乙酸乙酯(9∶1)作为洗脱剂进行纯化。将该纯的产物蒸发,并溶于二氯甲烷(1mL)中。将该产物转化为如上所述的相应的盐酸盐(21mg,83%)。
Rf=0.21(EtOAc/MeOH 1∶9)。LCMS m/z 432[M+H]+。HPLC tR=2.8和3.0分钟(方法II)。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz,非对映异构体内∶外3∶2)δ8.19(m,2H,Ar-H),7.94(d,0.6H,J=8.2,CONH),7.73(m,1H,Ar-H),7.65(m,1H,Ar-H),7.56(m,1H,Ar-H),7.08(d,0.4H,J=8.7,CONH),6.88(m,1H,AR),4.39(m,1H,Tr-H),4.17(m,2H,Tr-H),3.03(s,1.2H,COCH2),3.02(s,0.8H,COCH2),2.68-2.39(m,11H),2.19-1.82(m,7H),1.08(m,3H,CH3)。
N-[8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基]-2-二乙氨基乙酰胺,盐酸化物(165RL28)
按照与165RL27的制备相同的操作进行合成。
Rf=0.28(EtOAc/MeOH 9∶1)、LCMS m/z 391[M+H]+。HPLC tR=4.2和4.6分钟(方法II)。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz,非对映异构体外∶内3∶2)δ8.19(m,2H,Ar-H),8.13(br,0.6H,CONH),7.74(m,1H,Ar-H),7.65(m,1H,Ar-H),7.56(m,1H,Ar-H),7.40(br,0.4H,CONH),6.88(m,1H,AR),4.37(m,1H,Tr-H),4.17(m,2H,Tr-H),3.06(s,2H,COCH2),2.64-2.56(m,5H),2.16-1.87(m,7H,Tr-H),1.07(m,6H,CH3)。
2-氰基乙基内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基N,N-二异丙基酰胺基磷酸盐(165RL22)
将2-氰基乙基四异丙基氨基磷酸盐(98.5mg,0.327mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(10mL)中,并在氩气中加入154BG31(45.5mg,0.163mmol),随后加入1H-四唑(3%的乙腈溶液、1.5mL,0.49mmol)。室温搅拌该混合物75分钟。在冷却至0℃后,加入间-氯过苯甲酸(110mg,0.490mmol),并在0℃下再连续搅拌40分钟。用10%的硫代硫酸钠水溶液(15mL),随后用饱和的碳酸氢钠溶液(15mL)洗涤该反应混合物。用硫酸钠干燥有机层,并将其蒸发。通过硅胶柱层析,用正庚烷/乙酸乙酯(1∶4)作为洗脱剂进行纯化,随后用制备HPLC纯化来进一步纯化该化合物,得到该标题化合物(11.3mg)。
Rf=0.21(正庚烷/乙酸乙酯1∶4)。LCMS m/z 495[M+H]+。HPLC tR=5.6分钟(方法II)。
内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基N,N-二异丙基酰胺基磷酸氢盐(165RL29)
将165RL22(11.3mg,0.023mmol)溶于乙腈(2mL)中,并加入2M氢氧化钠(2mL)。室温搅拌2小时后,TLC显示完全转化。用4M盐酸使该混合物呈酸性,并用二氯甲烷萃取(3×5mL)。用硫酸钠干燥合并的有机层,过滤并蒸发,得到9.6mg纯产物(95%)。
LCMS m/z 442[M+H]+。HPLC tR=3.2分钟(方法II)。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ9.33(br,1H,P-OH),8.16(m,2H,Ar-H),7.74(d,1H,J=8.1,Ar-H),7.63(m,1H,Ar-H),7.57(m,1H,Ar-H),6.88(d,1H,J=8.1,Ar-H),4.76(m,1H,Tr-H),4.12(m,2H,Tr-H),3.63-3.47(m,2H,N-CH-(CH3)2),2.46(m,2H),2.32-2.22(m,4H),2.03-1.96(m,2H),1.26(d,12H,J=6.8,CH-(CH3)2)。
1-(3,4-二硝基萘-1-基)吡咯烷,盐酸化物(159JP06)
将吡咯烷(2.0mL)加入到2,4-二硝基-1-萘三氟甲磺酸酯(219mg,0.57mmol,Yang和Denny,J.Org.Chem.,2002,67,8958-8961),得到中间体,高放热反应。真空除去挥发物,制备TLC(二氯甲烷,10次洗脱)提供2.8mg(2.0%)的黄色固体状159JP06。将该产物转化为如上所述的相应的盐酸盐。
Rf=0.52(CH2Cl2)。LCMS m/z 288[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ9.09(s,1H),8.79(m,1H),8.17(m,1H),7.74(m,1H),7.52(m,1H),3.74(m,4H),2.15(m,4H)。HPLC tR=11.3分钟(方法III)。
1-(4,5,7-三硝基萘-1-基)吡咯烷,盐酸化物(159JP09)
将吡咯烷(2.5mL)加入到1-氯-4,5,7-三硝基萘(100mg,0.33mmol,Bassilios等人,Recueil.,1962,81,209-214)中,得到中间体,高放热反应。真空除去挥发物,并按照159JP06中所述的方法进行纯化,得到23mg(22%)红色固体状的159JP09。将该产物转化为如上所述的相应的盐酸盐。
Rf=0.60(CH2Cl2)。LCMS不可电离。1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ9.09(d,1H,J=2.4),8.81(d,1H,J=2.4),8.32(d,1H,J=9.3),7.21(d,1H,J=9.3),3.85(m,4H),2.19(m,4H).HPLC tR=11.3分钟(方法III)。
2-溴-4-吡咯烷-1-基萘-1-甲腈,盐酸化物(159JP07)
将4-吡咯烷-1-基萘-1-甲腈(136BG65-3,320mg,1.44mmol)加入到溴(2mL)中,室温搅拌所得溶液一夜。用4M NaOH(50mL)猝灭该反应,用二氯甲烷(3×50mL)萃取,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并蒸发至干,得到粗产物。按照159JP06中所述的方法进行纯化(二氯甲烷作为洗脱剂),随后重结晶(乙酸乙酯/正庚烷),得到3.5mg(0.8%)灰白色固体状的159JP07。将该产物转化为如上所述的相应的盐酸盐。
Rf=0.64(CH2Cl2)。LCMS m/z 302[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ8.23(m,1H),8.12(m,1H),7.59(m,1H),7.43(m,1H),6.85(s,1H),3.62(m,4H),2.05(m,4H)。HPLC tR=5.2分钟(方法II)。
1-(2,4-二溴萘-1-基)吡咯烷(159JP19)
在120℃下,将2,4-二溴-1-萘胺(3.77g,12.5mmol,Consden&Kenyon,J Chem.Soc.,1935,1591-1596)、1,4-二溴丁烷(2.70g,12.5mmol)、N,N-二异丙基乙胺(3.88g,30mmol)和甲苯(15mL)加热3天。然后将该反应冷却至室温,过滤,蒸发至干,并通过真空快速色谱法进行纯化(二氯甲烷/正庚烷1∶5),得到微黄色浓稠油状物159JP19(2.50g,56%),该油状物静置时固化,得到灰白色固体。
Rf=0.83(CH2Cl2)。LCMS m/z 354[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.22-8.03(m,2H),7.85(s,1H),7.62-7.40(m,2H),3.55-3.20(m,4H),2.25-1.96(m,4H)。HPLC tR=5.4分钟(方法II)。
4-吡咯烷-1-基萘-1,3-二腈,盐酸化物(159JP26)
采用Alterman和Hallberg(J.Org.Chem.,2000,65,7984-7989)的方案,在Ar气氛下,将159JP19(249mg,0.70mmol),Zn(CN)2(42mg,0.35mmol)和Pd(PPh3)4(24mg,21μmol)称重入干燥的厚壁Pyrex试管内。加入DMF(3mL),密封该反应管,并将反应混合物在微波辐射(60W)中暴露7分钟。将该反应冷却至室温,并在乙酸乙酯和水中进行分配,用Na2SO4干燥有机层,过滤并蒸发至干。按照159JP06中所述的方法,采用二氯甲烷/正庚烷(3∶1)作为洗脱剂进行纯化,得到15mg(9%)灰白色固体状的159JP26。将该产物转化为如上所述的相应的盐酸盐。
Rf=0.59(CH2Cl2)。LCMS m/z 248[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.18-8.02(m,2H),7.73(s,1H),7.68-7.60(m,1H),7.50-7.42(m,1H),3.98-3.88(m,4H),2.09-1.98(m,4H)。HPLC tR=4.4分钟(方法II)。
1-(4,8-二硝基萘-1-基)吡咯烷,盐酸化物(159JP29)
将吡咯烷(5.0mL)加入到1-氯-4,8-二硝基萘中(50mg,0.20mmol,Bassilios等人,Recueil,1962,81,209-214),得到中间体,高放热反应。将该反应进一步搅拌5分钟,同时用热风枪进行加热。真空除去挥发物,并按照159JP06中所述的方法进行纯化(二氯甲烷/正庚烷4∶1,5次洗脱),得到12mg(21%)橙色固体状的159JP29。将该产物转化为如上所述的相应的盐酸盐。
Rf=0.58(CH2Cl2)。LCMS m/z 288[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ9.05(dd,1H,J=8.9,1.0),8.40(d,1H,J=9.2),7.95(dd,1H,J=7.5,1.0),7.59(t,1H,J=8.8),6.78(d,1H,J=9.2),3.30(m,4H),1.95(m,4H)。HPLC tR=4.8分钟(方法II)。
4-吡咯烷-1-基萘-1-磺酸(139MBT58-C)
在120℃下,将1-萘胺-4-磺酸(200mg,0.90mmol)、1,4-二溴丁烷(193mg,0.90mmol)、N,N-二异丙基乙胺(383μL,2.24mmol)和DMF(10mL)加热24小时。然后将混合物冷却至室温并蒸发至干。通过制备TLC,用含8%甲醇的二氯甲烷进行洗脱,随后通过阳离子交换来纯化所得到的油,得到绿色固体状的139MBT58-C(15mg,6%)。
Rf=0.05(CH2Cl2/甲醇9∶1)。LCMS m/z 277[M+H]+。HPLC tR=1.2分钟(方法II)。1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,300MHz)δ8.96-8.88(m,1H),8.24-8.15(m,1H),7.98-7.89(m,1H),7.67-7.52(m,2H),7.42-7.30(m,1H),3.76-3.45(m,4H),2.18-2.00(m,4H)。
[4-(吡咯烷-1-基)萘-1-基]膦酸二乙酯(139MBT64-B)
在-78C下,将1-溴-4-氟萘(500mg,2.22mmol)的四氢呋喃(5mL)溶液滴加至搅拌的t-BuLi(1.4M的戊烷溶液,3.17mL,4.44mmol)的四氢呋喃(5mL)溶液中。在-78℃下,搅拌反应混合物1小时,然后滴加入氯磷酸二乙酯(0.96mL,6.66mmol)。使该反应混合物加温至室温并浓缩。将残余物悬浮于2M NaOH(50mL)中,并用二氯甲烷(2×50mL)萃取。用硫酸钠干燥合并的有机相,过滤并蒸发,得到黄色油状的粗(4-氟萘-1-基)膦酸二乙酯(139MBT60-8C,512mg,NMR显示纯度为60%)。将139MBT60-8C(200mg,0.425mmol)溶于吡咯烷(0.5mL)中并室温搅拌2小时。将反应混合物浓缩并再溶解于二氯甲烷(20mL)中。用2MNaOH(20mL)洗涤有机相,并用硫酸钠干燥,过滤并蒸发。用制备TLC(含0-5%甲醇的二氯甲烷)纯化残余物,得到白色固体状的该标题化合物(89mg,30%)。
LCMS m/z 334[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ8.47-8.42(m,1H),8.28-8.24(m,1H),8.17-8.07(m,1H),8.08-7.52(m,1H),7.47-7.40(m,1H),6.86-6.80(m,1H),4.26-4.12(m,2H),4.12-3.97(m,2H),3.60-3.53(m,4H),2.08-2.02(m,4H),1.35-1.27(m,6H)。
[4-(吡咯烷-1-基)萘-1-基]膦酸单乙酯(139MBT64-2C)
将(4-吡咯烷-1-基萘-1-基)膦酸二乙酯139MBT64-B(40mg,0.11mmol)溶于吡咯烷(0.5mL)中,并将混合物加热至80℃并持续20小时。浓缩该混合物,并用制备TLC(含0-10%甲醇的二氯甲烷)纯化粗产物,得到白色固体状的该标题化合物(20mg,55%)。
LCMS m/z 306[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ10.6-10.3(bs,1H),8.35-8.29(m,1H),8.05-8.00(m,1H),7.95-7.82(m,1H),7.53-7.40(m,2H),7.19-7.12(m,1H),4.01-3.82(m,6H),2.34-2.22(m,4H),1.25-1.15(m,3H)。
1-(4-甲烷磺酰基萘-1-基)吡咯烷(139MBT70-B)
在-78℃下,将1-溴-4-氟萘(500mg,2.22mmol)的四氢呋喃(1.5mL)溶液滴加至搅拌的t-BuLi(1.4M的戊烷溶液,3.17mL,4.44mmol)的四氢呋喃(10mL)溶液中。将反应混合物在-78℃下搅拌20分钟,随后将温度升至-40℃,并将二氧化硫鼓泡通过该混合物5分钟。使所得到的澄清溶液升温至室温并浓缩。加入干燥的乙醚(20mL),通过过滤收集所得白色固体,得到白色固体状的粗亚磺酸盐(139MBT66-A,280mg)。将139MBT66-A(100mg)混悬于DMF(3mL)中,并加入碳酸钾(192mg,1.39mmol),随后加入甲基碘(0.09mL,1.39mmol)。将反应混合物室温搅拌20小时,然后浓缩并再溶解于二氯甲烷(20mL)中。用2M NaOH(20mL)洗涤有机相,用硫酸钠干燥,过滤并蒸发,得到粗1-氟-4-甲烷磺酰基萘(139MBT66-B,89mg,收率86%)。将139MBT66-B(89mg,0.397mmol)溶于吡咯烷(0.5mL)中,并室温搅拌20小时。浓缩该反应混合物,并将残余物再溶解于二氯甲烷(20mL)中。用2M NaOH(20mL)洗涤有机相,并用硫酸钠干燥,过滤并蒸发。用制备TLC(含0-5%甲醇的二氯甲烷)纯化残余物,得到白色固体状的该标题化合物(34mg,收率31%)。
LCMS m/z 276[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ8.69-8.63(m,1H),8.34-8.28(m,1H),8.18-8.13(m,1H),7.68-7.60(m,1H),7.51-7.44(m,1H),6.80-6.74(m,1H),3.66-3.59(m,4H),3.18(s,3H),2.10-2.03(m,4H)。
[4-(吡咯烷-1-基)萘-1-基]磺酰胺(139MBT76-C)
将亚磺酸盐139MBT66-A(100mg,0.46mmol)溶于四氢呋喃(3mL)中。在0℃下加入磺酰氯(62mg,0.46mmol)并使混合物升温至室温。再将该混合物冷却至0℃,加入25%氨水(1mL)。使混合物升温至室温。加入水(50mL),并用二氯甲烷(2×50mL)萃取产物。用硫酸钠干燥合并的有机相,过滤并蒸发,得到粗[4-氟萘-1-基]磺酰胺(139MBT68-B,60mg)。将139MBT68-B(60mg,0.27mmol)溶于吡咯烷(0.5mL)中,并室温搅拌20小时。浓缩反应混合物,并将残余物再溶解于二氯甲烷(40mL)中。用2M NaOH(40mL)洗涤有机相,并用硫酸钠干燥,过滤并蒸发。用制备TLC(含0-5%甲醇的二氯甲烷)纯化残余物,得到白色固体状的该标题化合物(8mg,基于139MBT66-A的收率为6%)。
LCMS m/z 277[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ8.58-8.53(m,1H),8.31-8.26(m,1H),8.16-8.11(m,1H),7.65-7.58(m,1H),7.50-7.42(m,1H),6.75-6.70(m,1H),3.61-3.54(m,4H),2.07-2.01(m,4H)。
[8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基]脲(139MBT94-C)
将胺165RL21(40mg,0.144mmol)溶于四氢呋喃(1mL)中并冷却至0℃。加入三氯乙酰基异氰酸酯(0.019mL),使该溶液升温至室温并持续搅拌30分钟。浓缩混合物,并将残余物溶于甲醇(1mL)中。加入2MNaOH(1mL),将混合物加热至70℃,并持续1小时。然后加入水(20mL),真空蒸发除去甲醇。用二氯甲烷(2×20mL)萃取水相,并用硫酸钠干燥合并的有机相,过滤并蒸发。用制备TLC(含0-5%甲醇的二氯甲烷)纯化残余物,得到白色固体状的该标题化合物(24mg,收率52%)。
LCMS m/z 321[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,exo/endo:0.5∶0.5)δ8.20-8.15(m,2H),7.76-7.72(m,1H),7.67-7.61(m,1H),7.58-7.51(m,1H),6.90-6.84(m,1H),4.86-4.82(m,0.5H),4.37-4.11(m,5.5H),2.66-2.58(m,1H),2.20-1.80(m,8H)。
二甲基氨基甲酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯(139MBT84-1E)
将醇154BG31(150mg,0.54mmol)溶于甲苯(1mL)中。加入三乙胺(0.150mL,1.08mmol),随后加入二甲基氨基甲酰氯(0.074mL,0.81mmol)。在90℃下搅拌反应混合物3天,然后浓缩。用制备TLC(含0-5%甲醇的二氯甲烷)纯化粗产物,得到白色固体状的该标题化合物(32mg,收率17%)。
LCMS m/z 350[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ8.21-8.15(m,2H),7.77-7.73(m,1H),7.68-7.61(m,1H),7.59-7.52(m,1H),6.92-6.88(m,1H),5.20-5.15(m,1H),4.16-4.10(m,2H),2.97(s,6H),2.57-2.46(m,2H),2.20-2.00(m,6H)。
4-(4-羟基-4-苯基哌啶-1-基)萘-1-甲腈(196MBT2-4)
将1-氰基-4-氟萘(20mg,0.117mmol)溶于吡啶(1mL)中。加入4-羟基-4-苯基哌啶(83mg,0.467mmol),并在110℃下将反应混合物在密封管形瓶中振荡3天。将反应混合物浓缩并再混悬于2M HCl(1mL)中。用乙酸乙酯(2×1mL)萃取产物混合物,浓缩合并的有机相。用制备反相HPLC纯化残余物,得到白色固体状的该标题化合物(14mg,收率36%)。
LCMS m/z 329[M+H]+。
4-氮杂庚环-1-基萘-1-甲腈(196MBT2-6)
采用所述的制备196MBT2-4的方法,由1-氰基-4-氟萘(20mg,0.117mmol)和六亚甲基亚胺(46mg,0.468mmol)制备该标题化合物(7mg,收率24%)。
LCMS m/z 251[M+H]+。
4-(2,5-二甲基-2,5-二氢吡咯-1-基)萘-1-甲腈(196MBT2-7)
采用所述的制备196MBT2-4的方法,由1-氰基-4-氟萘(20mg,0.117mmol)和2,5-二甲基-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯(45mg,0.468mmol)制备该标题化合物(1mg,收率3%)。
LCMS m/z 249[M+H]+。
4-(3,6-二氢-2H-吡啶-1-基)萘-1-甲腈(196MBT2-9)
采用所述的制备196MBT2-4的方法,由1-氰基-4-氟萘(20mg,0.117mmol)和1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(39mg,0.468mmol)制备该标题化合物(7mg,收率26%)。
LCMS m/z 235[M+H]+。
4-(8-氧代-1,5,6,8-四氢-2H,4H-1,5-亚甲基吡啶并[1,2-a][1,5]二氮杂环辛间四烯-3-基)萘-1-甲腈(196MBT2-10)
采用所述的制备196MBT2-4的方法,由1-氰基-4-氟萘(20mg,0.117mmol)和8-氧代-1,5,6,8-四氢-2H,4H-1,5-亚甲基吡啶并[1,2-a][1,5]二氮杂环辛间四烯(89mg,0.468mmol)制备该标题化合物(3mg,收率8%)。
LCMS m/z 342[M+H]+。
4-硫代吗啉-4-基萘-1-甲腈(196MBT2-11)
采用所述的制备196MBT2-4的方法,由1-氰基-4-氟萘(20mg,0.117mmol)和硫代吗啉(48mg,0.468mmol)制备该标题化合物(6mg,收率20%)。
LCMS m/z 255[M+H]+。
4-(4-苄基-4-羟基哌啶-1-基)萘-1-甲腈(196MBT2-16)
采用所述的制备196MBT2-4的方法,由1-氰基-4-氟萘(20mg,0.117mmol)和4-苄基-4-羟基哌啶(89mg,0.468mmol)制备该标题化合物(12mg,收率30%)。
LCMS m/z 343[M+H]+。
4-(4-氧代-1-苯基-1,3,8-三氮杂-螺[4.5]癸-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(196MBT2-17)
采用所述的制备196MBT2-4的方法,由1-氰基-4-氟萘(20mg,0.117mmol)和1-苯基-1,3,8-三氮杂螺-[4,5]癸-4-酮(108mg,0.468mmol)制备该标题化合物(7mg,收率16%)。
LCMS m/z 383[M+H]+。
4-(4-苯甲酰基哌啶-1-基)萘-1-甲腈(196MBT2-19)
采用所述的制备196MBT2-4的方法,由1-氰基-4-氟萘(20mg,0.117mmol)和4-苯甲酰基哌啶(89mg,0.468mmol)制备该标题化合物(3mg,收率8%)。
LCMS m/z 341[M+H]+。
1-(4-氰基萘-1-基)4-苯基哌啶-4-甲腈(196MBT2-20)
采用所述的制备196MBT2-4的方法,由1-氰基-4-氟萘(20mg,0.117mmol)和4-氰基-4-苯基哌啶(87mg,0.468mmol)制备该标题化合物(1mg,收率3%)。
LCMS m/z 338[M+H]+。
4-((S)-4a-羟基八氢异喹啉-2-基)萘-1-甲腈(196MBT2-24)
采用所述的制备196MBT2-4的方法,由1-氰基-4-氟萘(20mg,0.117mmol)和(S)-4a-羟基八氢异喹啉(73mg,0.468mmol)制备该标题化合物(8mg,收率22%)。
LCMS m/z 307[M+H]+。
4-(6-甲氧基-3,4-二氢-1H-异喹啉-2-基)萘-1-甲腈(196MBT2-26)
采用所述的制备196MBT2-4的方法,由1-氰基-4-氟萘(20mg,0.117mmol)和6-甲氧基-3,4-二氢-1H-异喹啉(76mg,0.468mmol)制备该标题化合物(7mg,收率19%)。
LCMS m/z 315[M+H]+。
4-((R)-2-苯基氨甲基吡咯烷-1-基)萘-1-甲腈(196MBT2-2)
采用所述的制备196MBT2-4的方法,由1-氰基-4-氟萘(20mg,0.117mmol)和(R)-(-)-2-苯基氨甲基吡咯烷(82mg,0.468mmol)制备该标题化合物(7mg,收率18%)。
LCMS m/z 328[M+H]+。
4-(9-羟基-1,5,7-三甲基-3,7-二氮杂二环[3.3.1]壬-3-基)萘-1-甲腈(196MBT2-13)
采用所述的制备196MBT2-4的方法,由1-氰基-4-氟萘(20mg,0.117mmol)和9-羟基-1,5,7-三甲基-3,7-二氮杂二环[3.3.1]壬烷(86mg,0.468mmol)制备该标题化合物(3mg,收率8%)。
LCMS m/z 336[M+H]+。
4-(3-内-羟基-3-外-甲基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(156AF70-267)
用无水THF(5mL)稀释溴化甲基镁的乙醚溶液(3M,3.7mL,11.09mmol)。室温下向该溶液缓慢加入溴化锂(1.93g,22.1mmol),随后加入Boc-降托品酮(nortropinone)(500mg,2.21mmol)的无水THF(5mL)溶液。在50℃下搅拌反应混合物2小时,并在室温下持续搅拌过夜。用水猝灭该反应,将混合物在乙酸乙酯和水中进行分配。用硫酸钠干燥有机层,过滤并蒸发至干。通过硅胶柱层析法,用乙酸乙酯和正庚烷(50∶50)的混合物进行洗脱来纯化残余物,得到3-羟基-3-甲基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛烷-8-羧酸叔丁酯(168mg,31%)。将所得到的产物溶于2MHCl的乙醚(5mL)溶液中。室温搅拌4小时后,将混合物静置过夜。通过过滤分离所形成的沉淀3-甲基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-醇盐酸化物,并将其溶于二氯甲烷和甲醇(90∶10)的混合物中。向溶液中加入PS-三羟甲基氨基甲烷并静置过夜。过滤除去该树脂并用二氯甲烷洗涤该树脂。将滤液蒸发至干,得到纯的3-甲基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-醇。向3-甲基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-醇(91mg,0.64mmol)的DMF(1mL)中加入1-氰基-4-氟萘(37.1mg,0.22mmol),随后加入吡啶(1mL)。将反应混合物在100℃下搅拌过夜,冷却至室温,并在乙酸乙酯和水中进行分配。用硫酸钠干燥有机层,过滤并蒸发至干。通过硅胶柱层析法,用乙酸乙酯和正庚烷(50∶50)的混合物进行洗脱并通过反相制备HPLC纯化残余物,得到该标题化合物(58mg,90%)。
Rf=0.31(乙酸乙酯/正庚烷50∶50)。1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.26-8.15(m,2H,Ar-H),7.78(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),7.71-7.51(m,2H,Ar-H),6.91(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),4.21-4.10(m,2H,Tr-H),2.39-2.28(m,4H,Tr-H),2.02-1.89(m,4H,Tr-H),1.39(m,3H,CH3)。LCMS m/z293[M+H]+,HPLC tR=4.1(方法A)。
或者,采用如下操作获得该标题化合物:向197FBA20a(2.375g,13.42mmol)的DMSO(35mL)溶液中加入1-氰基-4-氟萘(1.767g,10.32mmol)和碳酸钾(4.636g,33.54mmol),并使该反应在100℃下搅拌18小时。将混合物冷却,用乙酸乙酯(200mL)稀释并用水洗涤(3×35mL)。用硫酸钠干燥有机相,过滤并蒸发,得到粗产物,通过在硅胶上过滤纯化该粗产物。用阶式梯度的含30-50%乙酸乙酯的庚烷进行洗脱,得到白色固体状的该标题化合物(2.539g,84%)。
LCMS m/z 293[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.19(d,J=8.5,2H),7.76(d,J=8.1,1H),7.70-7.60(m,1H),7.60-7.50(m,1H),6.92(d,J=8.1,1H),4.27-4.08(m,2H),2.43-2.26(m,4H),2.06-1.86(m,4H),1.37(s,3H)。13C-NMR(CDCl3,75MHz)153.0,134.6,133.8,128.5,128.0,126.2,126.1,125.6,119.3,111.2,102.2,69.9,60.6,46.2,34.7,26.9。
或者,采用如下操作获得该标题化合物:向氯化锂(26mg,0.621mmol)与硼氢化钠(23mg,0.621mmol)的二乙二醇二甲醚(0.5mL)混悬液中加入183AF16-294(120mg,0.414mmol)的二乙二醇二甲醚(0.5mL)溶液,并在90℃下搅拌反应混合物。13小时后,用二乙醚稀释混合物,并用水洗涤。用硫酸钠干燥有机相,过滤并蒸发。通过从乙酸乙酯中重结晶或如上所述通过在硅胶上过滤来纯化粗产物(98mg,76%),得到纯的该标题化合物。
4-(3-内-羟基-3-外-丙基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(156AF96-284)
采用与156AF70-267的制备方法相同的方法,由3-丙基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-醇和1-氰基-4-氟萘制备该标题化合物。
Rf=0.43(乙酸乙酯/正庚烷50∶50)。1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.20(m,2H,Ar-H),7.77(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),7.70-7.51(m,2H,Ar-H),6.91(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),4.21-4.10(m,2H,Tr-H),2.39-2.22(m,4H,Tr-H),2.01-1.84(m,4H,Tr-H),1.63-1.40(m,4H,CH2Pr),1.00(m,3H,CH3Pr)。LCMS m/z 321[M+H]+。HPLC tR=5.1分钟(方法A)。
4-(内-螺[8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛烷-3,2’-环氧乙烷]-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(183AF16-294)
在室温下,在氩气氛中向氢化钠(55%,71mg,1.63mmol)的干燥DMSO(1.5mL)混悬液中加入碘化三甲基氧化锍(359mg,1.63mmol)。室温搅拌1小时后,在室温下向反应混合物中加入4-(3-氧代-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(156AF03-217)的DMSO(2.0mL)溶液。室温下持续搅拌过夜。将该反应混合物在乙酸乙酯和水中进行分配。用4%(w/v)的硫酸镁水溶液洗涤有机层,用硫酸钠干燥,过滤并蒸发至干。通过硅胶柱层析法,用阶式梯度的含30至45%乙酸乙酯的正庚烷进行洗脱来纯化残余物,得到该标题化合物(194mg,61%)。
Rf=0.26(乙酸乙酯/正庚烷45∶55)。LCMS m/z 291[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.24(d,J=8.4,1H),8.20(d,J=8.3,1H),7.77(d,J=8.0,1H),7.71-7.62(m,1H),7.61-7.52(m,1H),6.94(d,J=8.0,1H),4.33-4.16(m,2H),2.85-2.71(m,2H),2.58(s,2H),2.36-2.17(m,2H),2.15-1.97(m,2H),1.55-1.41(m,2H)。13C-NMR(CDCl3,75MHz)152.9,134.6,133.8,128.6,128.1,126.5,126.1,125.5,119.2,111.6,102.7,61.0,55.1,48.7,40.9,27.3。
4-[3-外-(4-乙基哌嗪-1-基甲基)-3-内-羟基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基]萘-1-甲腈(183AF18-295)
在室温下向183AF16-294(74mg,0.25mmol)的甲醇(0.5mL)溶液中加入N-乙基哌嗪(2.0mL,15.8mmol)。在70℃下将反应混合物振荡一夜,并冷却至室温,将其在乙酸乙酯和水中进行分配。用盐水洗涤有机层,用硫酸钠干燥,过滤并蒸发至干。通过硅胶柱层析法,用含10%甲醇的二氯甲烷进行洗脱来纯化残余物,得到该标题化合物(85mg,84%)。
Rf=0.22(MeOH/CH2Cl2 15∶85)。LCMS m/z 405[M+H]+。HPLC tR=2.6分钟(方法A)。1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.22-8.11(m,2H),7.76(d,1H,J=8.0),7.69-7.50(m,2H),6.90(d,1H,J=8.0),4.21-4.10(m,2H),2.84-2.30(m,14H),2.19-2.09(m,2H),2.01-1.84(m,4H),1.18-1.08(m,3H)。
4-(3-内-羟基-3-外-羟甲基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(183AF19-296)
室温下向183AF16-294(60mg,0.21mmol)的THF(2.5mL)溶液中滴加硫酸水溶液(0.2M,2.5mL)。室温搅拌3小时后,用饱和的碳酸氢钠中和反应混合物。除去THF,并使残余物通过酸性离子交换SPE柱体。通过硅胶柱层析法,采用乙酸乙酯作为洗脱剂来纯化所得到的产物。收率:20mg,31%。
Rf=0.13(MeOH/CH2Cl2 05∶95)。LCMS m/z 309[M+H]+。HPLC tR=2.5分钟(方法A)。1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.31(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),8.21(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),7.79(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),7.73-7.60(m,2H,Ar-H),6.94(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),4.31-4.20(m,2H,Tr-H),3.61(s,2H,CH2OH),2.59-2.48(m,2H,Tr-H),2.20-1.69(m,6H,Tr-H)。
4-(3-外-氰基甲基-3-内-羟基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(183AF21-297)
室温下向183AF16-294(29mg,0.10mmol)的乙腈(2mL)溶液中加入氰化钾(45mg,0.69mmol)和高氯酸锂(1mg,0.11mmol)。在70℃下将反应混合物搅拌3天。使该反应混合物冷却至室温,并在乙酸乙酯和水中进行分配。用硫酸钠干燥有机层,过滤并蒸发至干。通过硅胶柱层析法,用乙酸乙酯和正庚烷的混合物(45∶55)进行洗脱来纯化残余物,得到该标题化合物(13mg,41%)。
Rf=0.11(乙酸乙酯/正庚烷45∶55)。LCMS m/z 318[M+H]+。HPLCtR=3.6分钟(方法A)。1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.21(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),8.14(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),7.78(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),7.70-7.55(m,2H,Ar-H),6.92(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),4.28-4.16(m,2H,Tr-H),2.62(s,2H,CH2CN),2.48-2.01(m,8H,Tr-H)。
4-(3-内-羟基-3-外-{[2-(1H-咪唑-4基)乙氨基]甲基}-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(183AF23-298)
向183AF16-294(50mg,0.17mmol)的THF(1mL)溶液中加入组胺(192mg,1.72mmol)的甲醇(1mL)溶液。在60℃下搅拌20小时后,使反应混合物冷却至室温并在乙酸乙酯和水中进行分配。用硫酸钠干燥有机层,过滤并蒸发至干。通过硅胶柱层析法,用阶式梯度的含15-50%甲醇的二氯甲烷进行洗脱来纯化残余物,得到该标题化合物(32mg,47%)。
Rf=0.11(MeOH/CH2Cl2 50∶50)。LCMS m/z 402[M+H]+。HPLC tR=1.9分钟(方法A)。
4-(3-内-羟基-3-外-甲氧基甲基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(183AF24-299)
室温下向183AF16-294(53mg,0.18mmol)的THF(1mL)溶液中滴加浓硫酸(14μL)的甲醇(1mL)溶液。室温搅拌1小时后,用饱和的碳酸氢钠中和反应混合物,并在真空下将其浓缩。将残余物在乙酸乙酯和水之间进行分配。用盐水洗涤有机层,用硫酸钠干燥,过滤并蒸发至干。通过硅胶柱层析法,用阶式梯度的含45-80%乙酸乙酯的正庚烷进行洗脱来纯化残余物,得到该标题化合物(17mg,29%)。
Rf=0.28(乙酸乙酯/正庚烷80∶20)。LCMS m/z 323[M+H]+。HPLCtR=3.2分钟(方法A)。1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.18(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),8.12(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),7.67(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),7.61-7.53(m,2H,Ar-H),6.81(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),4.21-4.10(m,2H,Tr-H),3.62(s,2H,CH2OCH3),3.20(s,3H,CH2OCH3),2.36-2.23(m,2H,Tr-H),2.03-1.96(m,4H,Tr-H),1.71-1.63(m,2H,Tr-H)。
7-溴-4-吡咯烷-1-基萘-1-甲腈,盐酸化物和6-溴-4-吡咯烷-1-基萘-1-甲腈,盐酸化物(159JP02-X3)
将1-氰基-4-氟萘(360mg,2.1mmol)和溴(1.5mL)在密封的管形瓶中加热至60℃并持续1小时。冷却至室温后,用4M NaOH(50mL)猝灭反应混合物,用二氯甲烷(3×50mL)萃取,用硫酸钠干燥,过滤并真空浓缩。将残余物通过硅胶垫(正庚烷/二氯甲烷1∶1),并真空浓缩所收集的部分。向所得到的灰白色残余物(90mg)中加入吡咯烷(1.5mL),在100℃下,将所得混合物在微波辐射中加热10分钟,并真空浓缩反应混合物。通过制备TLC(正庚烷/二氯甲烷,1∶1,5次洗脱)进行纯化,得到灰白色固体状的该标题化合物(8.0mg,1.1%)。将该产物转化为如上所述的相应的盐酸盐。
Rf=0.71(CH2Cl2)。LCMS m/z 302[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz,3∶1两个区域异构体的混合物)δ8.42(d,0.75H,J=3.2),8.29(d,0.25H,J=3.2),8.10(d,0.25H,J=10.0),8.01(d,0.75H,J=10.0),7.72(d,0.75H,J=10.0),7.69(d,0.25H,J=10.0),7.65(dd,0.75H,J=10.5,2.0),7.48(dd,0.25H,J=10.5,2.0),6.72(d,0.75H,J=8.8),6.67(d,0.25H,J=8.8),3.61(m,4H),2.04(m,4H)。HPLC tR=5.5分钟(方法III)。
4-(8-氮杂螺[4.5]癸-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(159JP61AA)
将4-氨基-1-萘腈(168.20mg)、3,3-四亚甲基-1,5-二溴戊烷(284mg,1.0mmol,Klitgaard,N.等人,Acta Chem.Scand.1970,24,33-42)、N,N-二异丙基乙胺(323mg,2.5mmol)和甲苯(15mL)加热至120℃并持续16小时。将粗产物倾入水(100mL)中,用乙酸乙酯(3×100mL)萃取,用硫酸钠干燥合并的有机层,过滤并真空浓缩。用制备TLC(二氯甲烷,3次洗脱)进行纯化,得到灰白色固体状的该标题化合物(14mg,5.0%)。
Rf=0.57(CH2Cl2)。LCMS m/z 291[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.11(d,2H,J=11.0),7.72(d,1H,J=11.0),7.61-7.43(m,2H),6.92(d,1H,J=11.0),3.05(m,4H),1.75-1.22(m,12H)。HPLC tR=7.0分钟(方法III)。
4-硝基苯甲酸外-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯(159JP66C)
在0℃下,在氩气氛中,10分钟内将偶氮二甲酸二异丙酯(1.62g,8.0mmol)加入到154BG31(556.7mg,2.0mmol)、三苯基膦(2.098g,8.0mmol)与4-硝基苯甲酸(1.34g,8.0mmol)的THF(15mL)溶液中。将该反应室温搅拌一夜,然后在40℃下再搅拌3小时,然后将混合物在二乙醚(150mL)和饱和NaHCO3水溶液(150mL)之间进行分配。用另外的二乙醚(100mL)萃取水相,向合并的醚萃取物中加入正庚烷(300mL),并将所得到的溶液经过硅胶垫。静置时该标题化合物以长的黄色针状物形式结晶,通过过滤收集该针状物,然后真空干燥,得到所需要的产物(425mg,50%)。
Rf=0.42(CH2Cl2)。LCMS m/z 428[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.35-8.25(m,6H),7.78(d,1H,J=7.5),7.70-7.55(m,2H),6.82(d,1H,J=7.5),5.53(m,1H),4.12(br s,2H),2.41-1.88(m,8H)。HPLC tR=6.0分钟(方法III)。
4-(3-外-羟基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(159JP68F6)
将159JP66C(280mg,0.65mmol)、2M LiOH(30mL)和四氢呋喃(30mL)室温搅拌一夜,用二氯甲烷(3×100mL)萃取,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并真空浓缩。通过真空快速色谱法,用阶式梯度的含0-50%乙酸乙酯的正庚烷进行洗脱来纯化残余物,得到灰白色固体状的该标题化合物(162mg,89%)。
Rf=0.21(乙酸乙酯/正庚烷1∶1)。LCMS m/z 279[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.28-8.16(m,2H),7.77(d,1H,J=8.1),7.71-7.53(m,2H),6.82(d,1H,J=8.1),4.21(m,3H),2.22-1.79(m,6H),1.38-0.89(m,2H)。HPLC tR=3.2分钟(方法III)。
4-(3-外-甲氧基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(159JP72A)
在50℃下,在氩气氛中,将159JP68F6(34mg,0.12mmol)、氢化钠(50%,9mg,0.18mmol)和碘甲烷(35mg,0.24mmol)在四氢呋喃(5mL)中振荡24小时。通过甲醇(10mL)对粗产物进行淬火,真空浓缩。通过制备TLC(乙酸乙酯/正庚烷1∶4,3次洗脱)进行纯化,得到灰白色固体状的该标题化合物(26mg,73%)。
Rf=0.34(乙酸乙酯/正庚烷1∶1)。LCMS m/z 293[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.28-8.09(m,2H),7.66(d,1H,J=8.8),7.61-7.42(m,2H),6.82(d,1H,J=8.8),4.12(m,2H),3.63(m,1H),3.32(s,3H),2.17-1.64(m,8H)。HPLC tR=4.6分钟(方法III)。
(S)-1-(4-氰基萘-1-基)吡咯烷-2-羧酸甲酯(159JP74A)
将1-氰基-4-氟萘(109mg,0.64mmol)和L-脯氨酸甲酯(380mg,2.95mmol)在密封的管形瓶中加热至60℃并持续2天。真空浓缩粗产物,并通过制备TLC(乙酸乙酯/正庚烷1∶3,3次洗脱)进行纯化,得到灰白色固体状的该标题化合物(2.9mg,1.7%)。
Rf=0.42(乙酸乙酯/正庚烷1∶1)。LCMS m/z 281[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.18-8.08(m,2H),7.68(d,1H,J=8.2),7.60-7.41(m,2H),6.78(d,1H,J=8.2),4.58(t,1H,J=5.8),4.05(m,1H),3.55(s,3H),3.22(m,1H),2.42-1.88(m,4H)。HPLC tR=4.0分钟(方法III)。
4-(8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(159JP80XX)
在-60℃下,在氩气氛中,向二甲基亚砜(11.28mL)的二氯甲烷(100mL)溶液中加入草酰氯(6.84mL,79.4mmol)的二氯甲烷(300mL)溶液。向所得到的溶液中以使温度不超过-60℃的速率加入154BG31(10.02g,36mmol)的二氯甲烷(100mL)溶液。然后在冷却至-60℃之前将该反应在-50℃下保持1小时,缓慢滴加入三乙胺(29.53mL,216.3mmol),并使该反应升温至室温并过夜。真空除去挥发物,用乙酸乙酯(3×300mL)萃取残余物,用水(500mL)洗涤合并的乙酸乙酯层,并用硫酸钠干燥有机相,过滤并真空浓缩。从乙酸乙酯中结晶,得到灰白色固体,将该灰白色固体滤出,真空浓缩母液,并用制备TLC(乙酸乙酯/正庚烷,1∶4,5次洗脱)进行纯化,得到灰白色固体状的该标题化合物(3.6mg,0.04%)。
Rf=0.57(二氯甲烷)。LCMS m/z 261[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.15(d,1H,J=7.0),7.70-7.42(m,4H),6.92(d,1H,J=7.0),6.05(m,1H),5.52(m,1H),4.43(m,1H),4.02(m,1H),2.40-1.90(m,6H)。HPLC tR=5.4分钟(方法III)。
4-(8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(173FBA64b)
向173FBA60a(400mg,0.9mmol)的DMF/环丁砜1∶1(5mL)和环己烷(5mL)溶液中加入氰基硼氢化钠(226mg,3.6mmol)和对甲苯磺酸一水合物(45mg),在110℃下将该反应搅拌7小时。然后用水稀释该反应,并用环己烷萃取三次。用水洗涤该环己烷溶液两次,用硫酸钠干燥,过滤并蒸发,得到粗产物。通过硅胶柱层析法,采用庚烷/乙酸乙酯(8∶2)作为洗脱剂来纯化该粗产物,得到白色固体状的173FBA64b(94mg,40%)。
LCMS m/z 263[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.28(d,J=8.3,1H),8.18(d,J=8.9,1H),7.75(d,J=8.1,1H),7.71-7.61(m,1H),7.61-7.51(m,1H),6.90(d,J=8.1,1H),4.28-4.02(m,2H),2.28-1.92(m,4H),1.92-1.58(m,6H)。13C-NMR(CDCl3,75MHz)153.6,134.7,133.9,128.5,128.0,126.1,126.0,125.9,119.4,111.0,101.9,61.6,32.6,27.5,17.5。
或者,采用如下操作得到该标题化合物:在110℃下将8-氮杂二环[3,2,1]辛烷(20mg,0.18mmol)、1-氰基-4-氟萘(46mg,0.27mmol)和吡啶(0.5mL)加热过夜,真空浓缩,并用制备TLC(二氯甲烷,3次洗脱)纯化残余物,得到黄色油状的该标题化合物(1.8mg,4.0%)。
丙烯酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯(159JP79)
将154BG31(2.0g,7.2mmol)和三乙胺(1.45g,l4.4mmol)的二氯甲烷(40mL)溶液冷却至-20℃,并在15分钟内加入3-氯丙酰氯(1.37g,10.8mmol)的二氯甲烷(5mL)溶液,使该反应升温至室温过夜。将该反应混合物在乙酸乙酯(3×300mL)和水(300mL)之间进行分配,用Na2SO4干燥合并的有机相,过滤并真空除去挥发物,得到黄色固体状的该标题化合物(920mg,40%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.20(d,2H,J=9.4),7.81(d,1H,9.4),7.72-7.55(m,2H),6.92(d,1H,J=9.4),6.45(m,1H,),6.18(m,1H),5.81(m,1H),5.38(m,1H),4.18(br s,2H),2.62-2.07(m,8H)。
3-吡咯烷-1-基-丙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯,延胡索酸盐(159JP82F6)
将159JP79(65mg,0.2mmol)和吡咯烷(2mL)加热至100℃并持续一夜。真空浓缩挥发物,并通过真空快速色谱法,用梯度的含0-100%甲醇的二氯甲烷进行洗脱来纯化残余物,得到白色固体状的该标题化合物(24mg,30%)。并将该产物转化为如上所述的相应的延胡索酸盐。
Rf=0.42(二氯甲烷/MeOH,10∶1)。LCMS m/z 404[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.12(d,2H,J=8.8),7.65(d,1H,J=8.1),7.60-7.47(m,2H),6.81(d,1H,J=8.1),5.20(t,1H,J=5.2),4.05(br s,2H),3.38(m,1H),2.80(m,1H),2.65-2.40(m,8H),2.20-1.82(m,9H).HPLC tR=3.2分钟(方法III)。
3-咪唑-1-基-丙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯,延胡索酸盐(159JP83A)
将159JP79(70mg,0.22mmol)、咪唑(200mg,2.94mmol)和1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(0.5mL)置于密封的Pyrex管形瓶中,并在180℃下在微波辐射中加热15分钟。将反应混合物在乙酸乙酯(2×100mL)和水之间进行分配,用Na2SO4干燥合并的有机相,过滤并真空除去溶剂。用制备TLC(MeOH/二氯甲烷1∶4,5次洗脱)纯化残余物,得到浓稠油状的标题化合物(48mg,55%)。将该产物转化为如上所述的相应的延胡索酸盐。
Rf=0.32(二氯甲烷/MeOH 10∶1)。LCMS m/z 401[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.18(t,2H,J=8.4),7.67(d,1H,J=8.0),7.60-7.42(m,2H),7.02-6.88(m,2H),6.79(d,1H,J=8.0),5.22(t,1H,J=5.2),4.22(t,2H,J=6.4),4.00(br s,2H),3.31(t,1H,J=7.0),2.78-2.70(m,3H),2.45-2.38(m,2H),2.29(t,1H,J=8.0),1.95-1.80(m,3H)。HPLC tR=3.8分钟(方法III)。
3-吡唑-1-基-丙酸内-8-(4-氰基-萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯,延胡索酸盐(159JP85A)
用159JP79(184mg,0.57mmol)为起始材料,用吡唑代替咪唑,按照159JP83中所述进行此反应,得到无色油状的该标题化合物(88mg,39%)。将该产物转化为如上所述的相应的延胡索酸盐。
Rf=0.41(二氯甲烷/MeOH,10∶1)。LCMS m/z 401[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.20(m,2H),7.72(d,1H,J=8.1),7.69-7.45(m,4H),6.88(d,1H,J=8.0),6.21(t,1H,J=2.1),5.31(t,1H,J=5.0),4.49(t,2H,J=6.6),4.09(br s,2H),2.95(t,1H,J=6.6),2.48(m,2H),2.11-1.90(m,6H)。HPLC tR=4.6分钟(方法III)。
4-(2-甲基-3-氧代-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(159JP84)
在-78℃下,在氩气氛中,向156AF03-217(552mg,2mmol)的THF(20mL)溶液中滴加双(三甲基硅基)酰胺锂(2.6mL,2.6mmol,1M的THF溶液)。在-78℃下30分钟后,在1分钟内加入碘甲烷(2.0mL),并使该反应升温至室温并过夜。将反应混合物在乙酸乙酯(2×500mL)和水(500mL)中进行分配,用Na2SO4干燥合并的有机相,过滤,真空除去挥发物并用制备TLC(乙酸乙酯/正庚烷1∶4,5次洗脱)进行纯化,得到浓稠油状的该标题化合物(115mg,20%)。
Rf=0.55(乙酸乙酯-庚烷1∶1)。LCMS m/z 291[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.25-8.10(m,2H),7.71(d,1H,J=8.0),7.65-7.50(m,2H),6.92(d,1H,J=8),4.32(m,1H),4.12(m,1H),2.98(m,2H),2.43和2.37(2d,1H,J=2.2),2.11-1.65(m,4H),1.05(d,3H,J=6.8).HPLC tR=4.3分钟(方法III)。
4-(2-甲基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(159JP87A)
将159JP84(115mg,0.40mmol)和对甲苯磺酰肼(90mg,0.48mmol)在无水乙醇(1.0mL)中回流过夜,并滤出所得白色沉淀,真空干燥,并将其加入到含有氰基硼氢化钠(101mg,1.60mmol)、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(2.0mL)、环丁砜(2.0mL)、对甲苯磺酸(25mg)和环己烷(2.0mL)的管形瓶中。将所得溶液在110℃下加热2天,倾入水(200mL)中,用乙酸乙酯(2×200mL)萃取,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤,真空浓缩,并通过制备TLC(乙酸乙酯/正庚烷1∶5,5次洗脱)进行纯化,得到浓稠油状的该标题化合物(25.3mg,22%)。
Rf=0.70(乙酸乙酯/正庚烷,1∶1)。LCMS m/z 277[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.16(d,1H,J=8.0),8.09(d,1H,J=8.2),7.67(d,1H,J=8.0),7.62-7.45(m,2H),6.82(d,1H,J=8.1),4.02(m,1H),3.88(m,1H),2.12(m,1H),2.05-1.92(m,2H),1.89-1.60(m,5H),1.21(m,1H),0.83(d,1H,J=6.8)。HPLC tR=6.2分钟(方法III)。
4-(3-外-苄基-3-内-羟基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(159JP92A)
在-78℃下,在氩气氛中,向THF(10mL)中的183AF16-294(188mg,0.65mmol)中滴加苯基锂(0.56mL,0.85mmol,1.5M的己烷溶液),并将该反应升温至室温并过夜。用饱和的NH4C1(100mL)水溶液猝灭该反应,用二氯甲烷(3×200mL)萃取,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤,真空浓缩,并通过制备TLC(乙酸乙酯/正庚烷1∶4,4次洗脱)进行纯化,得到黄色固体状的该标题化合物(132mg,56%)。
Rf=0.48(乙酸乙酯/正庚烷1∶1)。LCMS m/z 369[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.32(d,1H,J=8.6),7.81(m,3H),7.52-7.28(m,6H),6.97(d,1H,J=7.8),4.21(m,2H),2.81(m,2H),2.64(br s,2H),2.30-2.11(m,4H),1.52(d,2H,J=9.7)。HPLC tR=4.4分钟(方法III)。
8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯-2-羧酸甲酯(159JP95C)
将8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯-2-羧酸甲酯(225mg,1.35mmol,DaviesH.M.L.等人,J.Org.Chem.1991,56,5696-5700)、1-氰基-4-氟萘(230mg,1.35mmol)和吡啶(1.0mL)加热至110℃并持续2天,然后在真空下进行浓缩。通过制备TLC(乙酸乙酯/正庚烷1∶4,5次洗脱)进行纯化,得到无色油状的该标题化合物(25mg,6%)。
Rf=0.49(乙酸乙酯/正庚烷,1∶1)。LCMS m/z 319[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)8.13-8.05(m,2H),7.66(d,1H,J=8.0),7.61-7.48(m,2H),6.78(d,1H,J=8.0),4.58(d,1H,J=5.8),4.43(t,1H,J=6.0),3.78(s,3H),2.39(m,2H),2.22(m,1H),2.05-1.91(m,2H),1.72(m,1H),1.51(m,1H)。HPLC tR=4.8分钟(方法III)。
8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛烷-2-羧酸甲酯(159JP97A)
在室温下,在氢气氛(气球)中将159JP95C(12mg,0.038mmol)和钯(10mg,活性炭上含10%重量比)在甲醇(10mL)中搅拌3天。通过硅藻土垫过滤混悬液,真空下进行浓缩并通过制备TLC(乙酸乙酯/正庚烷1∶4,2次洗脱)进行纯化,得到无色油状的该标题化合物(5.0mg,42%)。
Rf=0.57(乙酸乙酯/正庚烷1∶1)。LCMS m/z 321[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.12(m,2H),7.69(d,1H,J=8.0),7.62-7.45(m,2H),6.88(d,1H,J=8.1),4.32(m,1H),4.05(m,1H),3.67(s,3H),3.09(m,1H),2.11-1.65(m,7H)。HPLC tR=5.2分钟(方法III)。
4-(2-羟甲基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(159JP98C)
在0℃下,在氩气氛中,向乙醚(1.0mL)中的氢化铝锂(1.3mg,0.034mmol)中滴加159JP95C(7.2mg,0.023mmol)的乙醚(1.0mL)溶液。在0℃下搅拌0.5小时后,用2M NaOH(10mL)水溶液猝灭反应混合物,通过加入2M盐酸酸化至pH 5,用乙酸乙酯(2×100mL)萃取,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并真空浓缩。通过制备TLC(乙酸乙酯/正庚烷1∶3,3次洗脱)进行纯化,得到浓稠油状的该标题化合物(2.8mg,43%)。
Rf=0.38(乙酸乙酯/正庚烷,1∶1)。LCMS m/z 291[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.11(m,2H),7.64(d,1H,J=7.9),7.60-7.44(m,2H),6.93(d,1H,J=8.0),5.22(br s,1H),4.21(m,1H),4.10(br s,2H),4.04(d,1H,J=6.2),3.21(s,1H),2.20-1.78(m,5H)。HPLC tR=3.8分钟(方法III)。
(1R,2R,3S,5S)-3-苯甲酰氧基-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛烷-2-羧酸甲酯(195JP02A)
采用Wolfe and Buchwald(Tetrahedron Lett.,1997,37,6359-6362)的方案,将1-溴-4-氰基萘(124mg,0.53mmol,Cakmak O.等人,Collect.Czech.Chem.Commun.2000,65,1791-1804)、可卡因(185mg,0.64mmol)、Pd2(dba)3(23.8mg,0.026mmol)、rac-BINAP(24.7mg,0.040mmol)和碳酸铯(242mg,0.74mmol)置于氩冲洗的管形瓶中,加入甲苯(1.0mL),并在110℃下在氩气氛中搅拌所得混合物一夜。将粗品真空浓缩,并通过制备TLC(乙酸乙酯/正庚烷1∶4,4次洗脱)进行纯化,得到油状的标题化合物(68mg,29%)。
Rf=0.21(乙酸乙酯/正庚烷1∶1)。LCMS m/z 441[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.32(d,1H,J=8.2),8.19(d,1H,J=7.7),8.11(m,2H),7.77(d,1H,J=7.9),7.72-7.45(m,5H),6.91(d,1H,J=8.0),5.58(m,1H),4.64(d,1H,J=6.8),4.20(br s,1H),3.61(s,3H),3.39(m,1H),3.15(dt,1H,J=11.8,2.0),2.42(m,1H),2.24-1.89(m,4H)。HPLCtR=5.5分钟(方法III)。
(1R,2R,3S,5S)-4-(3-羟基-2-羟甲基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(195JP05BX)
在0℃下,在氩气氛中,向干燥乙醚(5.0mL)中的氢化铝锂(1.8mg,0.046mmol)中滴加195JP02A(10mg,0.023mmol)的干燥乙醚(1.0mL)溶液。在0℃下反应10分钟后,用2M NaOH(5.0mL)水溶液猝灭该反应,通过加入2M HCl将pH调节至pH 7,用乙酸乙酯(3×100mL)萃取,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并真空浓缩。通过制备TLC(二氯甲烷/MeOH 10∶1,3次洗脱)进行纯化,得到浓稠油状的该标题化合物(3.4mg,48%)。
Rf=0.31(二氯甲烷/MeOH 10∶1)。LCMS m/z 309[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.12(m,2H),7.69(d,1H,J=8.0),7.65-7.48(m,2H),6.83(d,1H,J=8.0),4.32(m,1H),4.25(m,1H),4.13(d,1H,J=6.4),3.98(br s,1H),3.87(dd,1H,J=11.4,3.9),2.45-2.07(m,5H),1.90-1.69(m,2H)。HPLC tR=2.5分钟(方法III)。
2-氰基乙基内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基N,N-二异丙基酰胺基亚磷酸盐(165RL31)
在氩气氛下,用甲苯(5mL)将88PS33(34.0mg,0.122mmol)共蒸发三次,蒸发至干并溶于二氯甲烷(2mL)中。将2-氰基乙基四异丙基氨基磷酸盐(2-Cyanoethyl tetraisopropylphosphoroamidite)(55.2mg,0.183mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(2mL)中,并将其加入到溶液中。加入N,N-二异丙胺(34μL,0.24mmol)并将混合物冷却至0℃。加入1H-四唑(3%的乙腈溶液,550μL,0.24mmol),并移除冷却。将反应混合物室温搅拌2.5小时,并用乙酸乙酯(10mL)稀释。用饱和的碳酸氢钠溶液(10mL)洗涤该溶液,随后加入2滴三乙胺以确保该混合物保持碱性。用Na2SO4干燥该溶液,过滤并蒸发至干。通过硅胶柱层析法,用正庚烷/乙酸乙酯/三乙胺(59/39/2)的混合物进行洗脱来纯化残余物,得到透明油状的该标题化合物(24.9mg,46%)。
Rf=0.61(正庚烷/乙酸乙酯/TEA 59∶39∶2)。H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.16(m,2H,Ar-H),7.74(d,1H,J=8.1,Ar-H),7.63(m,1H,Ar-H),7.57(m,1H,Ar-H),6.88(d,1H,J=8.1,Ar-H),4.34(m,1H,Tr-H),4.12(m,2H,Tr-H),3.94-3.55(m,4H),2.65(t,2H,J=6.2,CH2),2.48-1.93(m,8H),1.21(dd,12H,J=6.8和4.4,CH-(CH3)2)。
2-氰基乙基内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基二异丙基酰胺基磷酸盐(165RL37)
将165RL31(59mg,0.12mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(5mL)中,将该溶液冷却至-25℃并加入叔丁基氢过氧化物(70%的水溶液,88μL,0.62mmol)。将反应混合物搅拌5分钟,然后除去冷却浴。搅拌1小时后,用二氯甲烷(15mL)稀释该混合物,用饱和的碳酸氢钠(10mL)洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥,过滤并蒸发。通过硅胶柱层析法,用乙酸乙酯进行洗脱来纯化粗产物,得到所需要的产物(41.6mg,68%)。
Rf=0.64(乙酸乙酯)。LCMS m/z 495[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.16(m,2H),7.74(d,1H,J=8.1),7.64(m,1H),7.54(m,1H),6.88(d,1H,J=8.1),4.83(m,1H,),4.26-4.00(m,4H),3.59-3.35(m,2H),2.90-2.64(m,2H),2.56-2.40(m,2H),2.33-2.12(m,4H),2.02(m,2H),1.27(dd,12H,J=6.8和4.4)。
2-氰基乙基乙基内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基磷酸盐(165RL38)
在氩气氛下,用甲苯(5mL)将165RL31(101mg,0.211mmol)共蒸发三次,蒸发至干并溶于二氯甲烷(5mL)中。加入无水乙醇(11μL,0.19mmol),并将反应混合物冷却至-45℃并加入1H-四唑(3%的乙腈溶液,1.7mL,0.77mmol)。5分钟后,将混合物升温至室温,并搅拌1小时。然后冷却至-25℃并加入叔丁基氢过氧化物(70%的水溶液,0.14mL,0.96mmol)。5分钟后,将混合物升至室温并再继续搅拌1小时。用二氯甲烷(15mL)稀释该混合物,用碳酸氢钠(10mL)洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥,过滤并蒸发。通过用甲醇/乙酸乙酯(1∶9)进行硅胶柱层析,随后用制备HPLC来纯化粗产物。得到34.8mg纯产物(38%)。
Rf=0.48(MeOH/乙酸乙酯1∶9)。LCMS m/z 440[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.16(m,2H),7.74(d,1H,J=8.1),7.64(m,1H),7.54(m,1H),6.88(d,1H,J=8.1),4.94(m,1H,),4.35-4.16(m,4H),4.12(m,2H),2.79(t,2H,J=6.0),2.56-2.44(m,2H),2.28-2.14(m,4H),2.07-1.93(m,2H),1.39(t,3H,J=7.0)。
乙基内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基磷酸氢盐(165RL41)
在室温下将165RL38(34.8mg,0.103mmol)和DBU(18.5μL,0.123mmol)在THF(2mL)中搅拌5小时。用二氯甲烷(10mL)稀释反应混合物并用水(10mL)洗涤。用稀盐酸将水层的pH调至3-4,并用乙酸乙酯(5×10mL)萃取。干燥合并的有机层并蒸发。用制备HPLC进一步纯化产物,得到白色固体状的该标题化合物(20mg,50%)。
LCMS m/z 387[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CD3OD,300MHz)δ8.23(d,1H,J=8.2),8.05(d,1H,J=8.8),7.79(d,1H,J=8.1),7.66(m,1H),7.57(m,1H),7.03(d,1H,J=8.1),4.63(m,1H),4.12(m,2H),3.69(m,2H),2.48-2.34(m,4H),2.25(m,1H),2.20(m,1H),2.02-1.90(m,2H),1.28(t,3H,J=7.0)。
双(2-氰基乙基)内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基磷酸盐(165RL42)
在氩气氛下,用甲苯(5mL)将165RL31(92mg,0.19mmol)共蒸发三次,蒸发至干并溶于二氯甲烷(5mL)中。加入3-羟基丙腈(12μL,0.18mmol),并将反应混合物冷却至-45℃并加入1H-四唑(3%的乙腈溶液,2.1mL,0.70mmol)。5分钟后,将混合物升至室温,搅拌1小时,然后冷却至-25℃并加入叔丁基氢过氧化物(70%的水溶液,0.13mL,0.88mmol)。5分钟后,将混合物升至室温并再继续搅拌1小时。用二氯甲烷(15mL)稀释该混合物,用碳酸氢钠(10mL)洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥,过滤并蒸发。通过制备HPLC纯化粗产物。得到该标题化合物(44.3mg,50%)。
LCMS m/z 465[M+H]+。
内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基磷酸二氢盐(165RL43)
将165RL42(44mg,0,095mmol)溶于THF(2mL)中,加入氢氧化钠(0.5M,2mL)并将反应混合物室温搅拌3小时。将该混合物蒸发至干,在无缓冲条件下通过制备HPLC纯化残余物,得到所需要的化合物(16.2mg,48%)。
LCMS m/z 359[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CD3OD,300MHz)δ8.26(d,1H,J=8.2),8.05(d,1H,J=8.8),7.79(d,1H,J=8.1),7.66(m,1H),7.57(m,1H),7.04(d,1H,J=8.1),4.61(m,1H),4.12(m,2H),2.58-2.48(m,2H),2.43-2.25(m,4H),1.98-1.86(m,2H)。
2-氰基乙基内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基苯基磷酸盐(165RL44)
在氩气氛下,用甲苯(4mL)将165RL31(94mg,0.20mmol)共蒸发三次,蒸发至干并溶于二氯甲烷(5mL)中。加入苯酚(17mg,0.18mmol)的甲苯(1mL)溶液,将反应混合物冷却至-45℃,并加入1H-四唑(3%的乙腈溶液,2.1mL,0.70mmol)。5分钟后,将混合物升温至室温,搅拌1小时。然后冷却至-25℃并加入叔丁基氢过氧化物(70%的水溶液,0.13mL,0.89mmol)。5分钟后,将混合物升至室温并再继续搅拌1小时。用二氯甲烷(15mL)稀释该混合物,用饱和的碳酸氢钠(10mL)洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥,过滤并蒸发。通过硅胶柱层析法,用正庚烷/乙酸乙酯(1∶9)纯化粗产物,得到所需要的产物(55.1mg,57%)。
Rf=0.41(正庚烷/乙酸乙酯1∶9)。LCMS m/z 488[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.19(m,2H),7.74(d,1H,J=8.1),7.64(m,1H),7.54(m,1H),7.39(m,2H),7.28(m,3H)6.88(d,1H,J=8.1),5.07(m,1H,),4.47-4.29(m,2H),4.12(m,2H),2.88-2.69(m,2H),2.61-2.44(m,2H),2.32-1.92(m,6H)。
内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基苯基磷酸氢盐(165RL45)
在50℃下,将165RL44(55.1mg,0.11mmol)和DBU(20μL,0.13mmol)在THF(2mL)中搅拌3小时。用乙酸乙酯(10mL)稀释反应混合物,并用饱和的碳酸氢钠(5mL)洗涤。用硫酸钠干燥有机层,过滤,蒸发并通过制备HPLC纯化残余物,得到该标题化合物(47mg,98%)。
LCMS m/z 435[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CD3OD,300MHz)δ8.19(d,1H,J=8.3),8.03(d,1H,J=8.2),7.75(d,1H,J=8.1),7.63(m,1H),7.54(m,1H),7.33-7.25(m,4H),7.04(m,1H),6.97(d,1H,J=8.1),4.74(m,1H),4.06(m,2H),2.46-2.30(m,4H),2.18-2.13(m,2H),1.93-1.86(m,2H)。
N-[8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基]乙酰胺(165RL51)
向-30℃的乙酰氯(15μL,0.21mmol)的DMF(1.5mL)溶液中滴加165RL21(54mg,0.20mmol)与DIPEA(37μL,0.21mmol)的DMF(3.5mL)溶液。搅拌1小时后,将反应混合物升至室温,并使其反应过夜。然后加入水(20mL),并用乙酸乙酯(3×20mL)萃取该混合物。用硫酸钠干燥合并的有机层,过滤并蒸发。通过硅胶柱层析法,用乙酸乙酯/MeOH(9∶1)纯化粗产物,得到所需要的化合物(35mg,56%)。
Rf=0.32(乙酸乙酯/MeOH 9∶1)。LCMS m/z 320[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz,非对映异构体外∶内 3∶2)δ8.19(m,2H,Ar-H),7.72(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),7.63(m,1H,Ar-H),7.54(m,1H,Ar-H),6.86(m,1H,Ar-H),5.95(m,0.6H,CONH),5.53(m,0.4H,CONH),4.47-4.30(m,1H,Tr-H),4.15(m,2H,Tr-H),2.66-2.53(m,1H,Tr-H),2.20-1.79(m,7H,Tr-H),2.02和2.00(2s,3H,COCH3)。
3-氯-N-[8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基]丙酰胺(165RL50)
以与165RL23的制备方法相同的方法,用165RL21(320mg,1.15mmol)、3-氯丙酰氯(120μL,1.27mmol)、DIPEA(220μL,1.27mmol)和DMF(10mL)合成此化合物。通过柱层析法,用乙酸乙酯/MeOH(95∶5)纯化粗产物,得到该标题化合物(318mg,75%)。
Rf=0.54(乙酸乙酯/MeOH 95∶5)。LCMS m/z 368[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz,非对映异构体外∶内 3∶2)δ8.17(m,2H,Ar-H),7.73(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),7.65(m,1H,Ar-H),7.56(m,1H,Ar-H),6.87(m,1H,Ar-H),6.09(m,0.6H,CONH),5.57(m,0.4H,CONH),4.52-4.34(m,1H,Tr-H),4.17(m,2H,Tr-H),3.86-3.83(m,2H),2.64(m,2H),2.65-2.58(m,1H,Tr-H),2.22-1.85(m,7H,Tr-H).
N-[8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基]-3-(4-乙基哌嗪-1-基)丙酰胺,二盐酸化物(165RL52)
在50℃下,将165RL50(65mg,0.18mmol)、1-乙基哌嗪(45μL,0.35mmol)和碳酸钾(49mg,0.35mmol)在乙腈(6mL)中搅拌2天。用乙酸乙酯(15mL)稀释反应混合物,并用水(2×10mL)洗涤。用硫酸钠干燥有机溶液,过滤并蒸发。通过柱层析法,用乙酸乙酯/MeOH(9∶1)纯化产物,得到该标题化合物的纯产物(37mg,46%)。
Rf=0.13(乙酸乙酯/MeOH 9∶1)。LCMS m/z 446[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz,非对映异构体外∶内 3∶2)δ8.78(m,0.6H),8.57(m,0.4H),8.17(m,2H),7.72(d,1H,J=8.0),7.64(m,1H),7.54(m,1H),6.88(m,1H,),4.52-4.34(m,1H),4.15(m,2H),2.78-2.32(m,14H),2.20-1.75(m,8H),1.08和1.07(2t,3H,J=7.2)。
N-[8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基]-3-二乙氨基丙酰胺,盐酸化物(165RL53)
以与165RL52的制备方法相同的方法,用165RL50(80mg,0.21mmol)、二乙胺(45μL,0.44mmol)、碳酸钾(60mg,0.44mmol)和乙腈(6mL)合成此标题化合物(16mg,19%)。
Rf=0.15(乙酸乙酯/MeOH 9∶1)。LCMS m/z 405[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz,非对映异构体外∶内 3∶2)δ9.07(m,0.6H),8.76(m,0.4H),8.17(m,2H),7.72(d,1H,J=8.0),7.64(m,1H),7.54(m,1H),6.88(m,1H),4.52-4.34(m,1H),4.15(m,2H),2.92-2.48(m,7H),2.46-2.33(m,2H),1.98-1.76(m,7H),1.08和1.06(2t,6H,J=7.2)。
N-[8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基]-3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙酰胺盐酸化物(165RL55)
在80C下,将165RL50(61mg,0.17mmol)、咪唑(53mg,0.83mmol)、碘化钠(10mg,0.07mmol)和二氯甲烷(6mL)在管形瓶中振荡2天。用乙酸乙酯(15mL)稀释反应混合物,并用水(2×10mL)洗涤。用硫酸钠干燥有机溶液,过滤并蒸发。通过柱层析法,采用阶式梯度的含10-100%甲醇的乙酸乙酯纯化残余物,得到该标题化合物(32mg,47%)。
Rf=0.08(乙酸乙酯/MeOH 9∶1)。LCMS m/z 400[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz,非对映异构体外∶内 3∶2)δ8.12(m,2H),7.72(d,1H,J=8.0),7.63(m,1H),7.53(m,1H),7.45(s,1H),7.02(s,1H),6.94(s,1H),6.82(m,1H),6.34(m,0.6H),6.24(m,0.4H),4.41-4.22(m,3H),4.08(m,2H),2.68-2.48(m,3H),2.11-1.69(m,7H)。
(2-乙氧基乙氧基)乙酸(165RL54)
将2-乙氧基乙醇(0.88mL,11mmol)和氢化钠(含60%氢化钠的油,1.08g,27mmol)在DMF(20mL)中搅拌5分钟。将碘乙酸(2.02g,10.9mmol)溶于DMF(20mL)中,并将其滴加至混悬液中。将浓的橙色混悬液室温搅拌3小时。通过缓慢地加水(10mL),随后加入盐酸(4M,5mL)猝灭该反应。用二氯甲烷(3×50mL)萃取反应混合物,并将合并的有机层用硫酸钠干燥,过滤并蒸发,产生透明油状物。通过减压蒸馏纯化该残余物,得到油状的该产物(1.1g,68%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ10.61(br,1H),4.16(s,2H),3.74(m,2H),3.56(m,4H),1.21(t,3H,J=7.0)。
N-[8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基]-2-(乙氧基乙氧基)乙酰胺(165RL57)
将165RL54(19mg,0.13mmol),O-苯并三唑-1-基-N,N,N,N-四甲基脲四氟磷酸盐(HBTU,49mg,0.13mmol),1-羟基苯并三唑(18mg,0.13mmol)和三乙胺(37μL,0.26mmol)溶于DMF(4mL)中。加入165RL21(36mg,0.13mmol)并在室温下将混合物振荡30分钟。真空除去溶剂,通过硅胶快速色谱法,用乙酸乙酯/甲醇(9∶1)作为洗脱剂纯化该产物,得到所需要的化合物(38.1mg,72%)。
Rf=0.46(乙酸乙酯/MeOH 9∶1)。LCMS m/z 408[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz,非对映异构体外∶内 3∶2)δ8.17(m,2H),7.72(d,1H,J=8.0),7.63(m,1H),7.54(m,1H),7.29(m,0.6H),7.05(m,0.4H),6.88(m,1H),4.52-4.33(m,1H),4.16(m,2H),4.00和4.01(2s,2H),3.76-3.51(m,6H),2.63-2.52(m,1H),2.18-1.85(m,7H),1.26和1.20(2t,3H,J=7.0)。
1-(4-氰基萘-1-基)哌啶-3-羧酸乙酯(165RL60)
将1-氰基-4-氟萘(1.0g,5.84mmol)和3-哌啶甲酸乙酯(3.63mL,23.4mmol)溶于吡啶(5mL)中并在115℃下搅拌20小时。冷却至室温后,加入乙酸乙酯(50mL)并用HCl(0.4M,2×30mL)洗涤该溶液。用乙酸乙酯(30mL)萃取合并的水层。用饱和碳酸氢钠(30mL)、盐水(30mL)洗涤该合并的有机层,干燥并蒸发。通过硅胶柱层析法,用阶式梯度的含0-70%乙酸乙酯的正庚烷进行洗脱来纯化粗产物,得到淡黄色油状的该标题化合物(1.23g,68%)。
LCMS m/z 309[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.20(m,2H),7.83(d,1H,J=7.9),7.63(m,2H),7.06(d,1H,J=7.9),4.18(q,2H,J=7.1),3.59(m,1H),3.38(m,1H),3.07(m,1H),2.89(m,2H),2.17(m,1H),2.02(m,2H),1.71(m,1H),1.25(t,3H,J=7.1)。
4-(2-甲基哌啶-1-基)萘-1-甲腈(165RL62)
将1-氰基-4-氟萘(100mg,0.58mmol)、2-甲基哌啶(0.28mL,2.3mmol)和DBU(0.01mL,59μmol)溶于吡啶(2mL)中并在60℃下搅拌3天。将温度升高至110℃,并继续搅拌10天。按照与198RL60的制备方法相同的方法对该反应进行后处理。用制备TLC,随后利用制备HPLC纯化粗化合物,得到无色油状的该标题化合物(27.4mg,19%),该标题化合物在氩气氛中保存。
LCMS m/z 251[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.33(d,1H,J=8.2),8.19(d,1H,J=8.2),7.84(d,1H,J=7.8),7.59(m,2H),7.10(d,1H,J=7.8),3.53(m,1H),3.28(m,1H),2.75(m,1H),2.01(m,1H),1.88-1.53(m,5H),0.92(d,3H,J=6.3)。
1-(4-氰基萘-1-基)哌啶-3-羧酸(165RL63)
将198RL60(862mg,2.80mmol)溶于THF(5.6mL)中并加入氢氧化钠(1M,5.6mL)。该反应混合物不均匀,加入乙醇(1mL)以得到澄清溶液,并将该澄清溶液室温搅拌一夜。通过加入4M HCl使该溶液呈酸性,随后用乙酸乙酯(3×50mL)萃取该溶液。用硫酸钠干燥合并的有机层,过滤并蒸发,得到纯的白色固体状的该标题化合物(746mg,95%)。
LCMS m/z 281[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.18(m,2H),7.83(d,1H,J=7.9),7.63(m,2H),7.08(d,1H,J=7.9),3.60(m,1H),3.36(m,1H),3.12(m,1H),3.03-2.83(m,2H),2.19(m,1H),2.13(m,2H),1.70(m,1H)。
[1-(4-氰基萘-1-基)哌啶-3-基甲基]氨基甲酸叔丁酯(165RL65)
将1-氰基-4-氟萘(273mg,1.60mmol)、(哌啶-3-基甲基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯(411mg,1.92mmol)和DBU(25μl,0.16mmol)溶于吡啶(4mL)中并在60℃下搅拌4天。按照与198RL60的制备方法相同的方法对该反应进行后处理,随后用硅胶柱层析法,用阶式梯度的含0-70%乙酸乙酯的正庚烷洗脱来进行纯化,得到白色固体状的所需要的化合物(416mg,71%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.18(m,2H,Ar-H),7.81(d,1H,J=7.9,Ar-H),7.61(m,2H,Ar-H),7.00(d,1H,J=7.9,Ar-H),4.62(m,1H),3.45(m,2H),3.14(m,2H),2.81(m,1H),2.59(m,1H),2.14(m,1H),1.93(m,3H),1.42(s,9H),1.24(m,1H)。
4-(3-氨甲基哌啶-1-基)萘-1-甲腈(165RL66)
将165RL65(416mg,1.14μmol)溶于二氯甲烷(20mL)中,随后加入TFA(5mL)。将混合物室温搅拌3小时,并真空除去溶剂。加入氢氧化钠(0.2M,10mL),并用乙酸乙酯(3×10mL)萃取该混合物。用硫酸钠干燥合并的有机层,过滤并蒸发,得到黄色油状的该标题化合物(292mg,97%)。
LCMS m/z 266[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.15(m,2H),7.79(d,1H,J=7.9),7.59(m,2H),7.00(d,1H,J=7.9),3.51(m,1H),3.40(m,1H),2.85-2.61(m,3H),2.53(m,1H),2.03-1.74(m,6H),1.18(m,1H)。
N-[1-(4-氰基萘-1-基)哌啶-3-基甲基]乙酰胺(165RL70)
向165RL66(40mg,151mol)和三乙胺(23μL,17μmol)的二氯甲烷(1mL)溶液中加入乙酰氯(12μL,17μmol)。将混合物室温搅拌过夜,用乙酸乙酯(10mL)稀释并用HCl(0.5M,10mL)洗涤。用乙酸乙酯(2×20mL)再萃取水相。用饱和的碳酸氢钠(10mL)和盐水(10mL)洗涤合并的有机层,用硫酸钠干燥,过滤并蒸发。通过硅胶柱层析法,用阶式梯度的含0-70%乙酸乙酯的正庚烷进行洗脱来纯化残余的固体,得到固体状的该标题化合物(26mg,56%)。
Rf=0.65(乙酸乙酯/MeOH 9∶1)。LCMS m/z 308[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.15(m,2H),7.76(d,1H,J=7.9),7.58(m,2H),7.00(d,1H,J=7.9),5.74(m,1H),3.42(m,2H),3.27(m,2H),2.78(m,1H),2.59(m,1H),2.14(m,1H),2.01-1.86(m,3H),1.97(s,3H),1.25(m,1H)。
4-(3-乙氨基甲基哌啶-1-基)萘-1-甲腈盐酸化物(165RL72sec)和4-(3-二乙氨基甲基哌啶-1-基)萘-1-甲腈盐酸化物(165RL72tert)
将165RL66(106mg,0.40mmol)溶于甲醇(20mL)中。通过加入醋酸(~0.5mL)将pH调到~5。加入乙醛(45μL,0.80mmol),并将反应混合物搅拌5分钟,随后加入氰基硼氢化钠(175mg,2.80mmol)。将混合物室温搅拌3小时,加入氢氧化钠(2M,1mL),随后加入水(10mL)并持续搅拌5分钟。加入氢氧化钠(1M,25mL),并用乙酸乙酯(3×40mL)萃取混合物。用硫酸钠干燥合并的有机层,过滤并蒸发,得到固体。通过硅胶柱层析法,用阶式梯度的含0-60%的甲醇-乙酸乙酯(1∶9)混合物的正庚烷进行洗脱,并将适当的部分混合集中来进行纯化,得到单乙基化的化合物165RL72sec和二乙基化的化合物165RL72tert。利用制备HPLC进一步纯化这两个产物,得到22.3mg(19%)的165RL72sec和9.8mg(8%)的165RL72tert。
165RL72sec:LCMS m/z 294[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.17(m,2H),7.50(d,1H,J=7.9),7.59(m,2H),7.01(d,1H,J=7.9),3.52(m,1H),3.41(m,1H),2.81(m,1H),2.75-2.51(m,4H),2.13(m,1H),2.06-1.70(m,5H),1.25(m,1H),1.11(t,3H,J=7.1)。
165RL72tert:LCMS m/z 322[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.17(m,2H),7.80(d,1H,J=7.9),7.64(m,1H),7.56(m,1H),7.11(d,1H,J=7.9),3.63(m,1H),3.42(m,1H),2.81(m,1H),2.64-2.42(m,5H),2.33(m,2H),2.13(m,1H),1.90(m,3H),1.18(m,1H),1.00(t,6H,J=7.1)。
1-(4-氰基萘-1-基)哌啶-3-甲腈(165RL73-3)和1-(4-氰基萘-1-基)哌啶-3-羧酰胺(165RL73-5)
在氩气氛中,将165RL63(314mg,1.12mmol)、DMF(3滴)和二氯甲烷(4mL)置于烧瓶中,并在冰浴中将该溶液冷却至0℃。缓慢加入草酰氯(147μL,1.68mmol)。移去冰浴并将该混合物搅拌4小时。然后真空除去溶剂和过量的草酰氯。在氩气氛中将剩余的酰氯溶解在二氯甲烷(10mL)中。缓慢加入氢氧化铵溶液(28%的水溶液)(0.16mL,2.24mmol)并将混合物室温搅拌过夜。用乙酸乙酯(50mL)稀释反应混合物,并用氢氧化钠(1M,30mL)洗涤。用硫酸钠干燥有机层,过滤并蒸发。通过硅胶柱层析法,用阶式梯度的含0-80%乙酸乙酯的正庚烷进行洗脱来纯化固体,得到该腈165RL73-3(9.5mg,3%)和酰胺165RL73-5(66mg,21%)。
165RL73-3:LCMS m/z 262[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.30(m,1H),8.21(m,1H),7.84(d,1H,J=7.9),7.66(m,2H),7.05(d,1H,J=7.9,Ar-H),3.48-3.06(m,5H),2.26-1.88(m,4H)。
165RL73-5:LCMS m/z 280[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.19(m,lH),8.11(m,1H),7.82(d,1H,J=7.9),7.61(m,2H),7.06(d,1H,J=7.9),6.10和5.86(2s,2H,CO-NH2),3.53(1H,m),3.28(m,1H),3.15(m,1H),2.96(m,1H),2.80(m,1H),2.14-1.82(m,4H)。
4-(3-氟哌啶-1-基)萘-1-甲腈(165RL74)
将3-氟哌啶盐酸化物(106mg,0.76mol)溶于氢氧化钠(1M,10mL)中,并用二氯甲烷(4×10mL)萃取,用硫酸钠干燥合并的萃取物,过滤并蒸发。加入吡啶(2mL),随后加入1-氰基-4-氟萘(108mg,0.63mmol)并在110℃振荡管形瓶一夜。GC-MS和TLC显示只有非常少的转化。加入DBU(10μL),并在110℃下持续振荡该管形瓶2周,随后GC-MS显示~50%转化。按照与165RL60的制备方法相同的方法对该反应进行后处理,并通过硅胶柱层析法,用阶式梯度的含0-60%乙酸乙酯的正庚烷洗脱来进行纯化,得到固体状的该标题化合物(29.3mg,12%)。
LCMS m/z 255[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.22(m,2H),7.83(d,1H,J=7.9),7.63(m,2H),7.03(d,1H,J=7.9),4.92(dm,1H,JH-F=48),3.45-3.04(m,4H),2.23-1.79(m,4H)。
反-4-(4-羟基环己氨基)萘-1-甲腈(165RL96)
在120℃下,将1-氰基-4-氟萘(1.00g,5.84mmol)、反-4-氨基环己醇盐酸化物(1.33g,8.76mmol)和碳酸钾(4.0g,29mmol)在DMSO(20mL)中搅拌过夜。然后用二氯甲烷(100mL)稀释反应混合物,并用水(3×50mL)洗涤。用硫酸钠干燥溶液,过滤并蒸发。通过硅胶柱层析法,用阶式梯度的含0-70%乙酸乙酯的正庚烷进行洗脱来纯化残余物,得到为无色固体的该标题化合物(1.187g,92%)。
Rf=0.74(乙酸乙酯)。LCMS m/z 267[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.16(m,1H),7.75(m,2H),7.64(m,1H),7.52(m,1H),6.58(m,1H),3.76(m,1H),3.54(m,1H),2.27(m,2H),2.10(m,2H),1.70-1.30(m,5H),2.26(m,1H)。
甲烷磺酸反-4-(4-氰基萘-1-基氨基)环己酯(165RL97)
将165RL96(300mg,1.13mmol)和三乙胺(188μL,1.35mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(10mL)中。将该溶液冷却至0C并加入甲磺酰氯(105μL,1.35mmol)。10分钟后,移去冰浴,并使该混合物在室温下反应一夜。用二氯甲烷(20mL)稀释该反应混合物,用水(20mL)洗涤,随后用饱和NaHCO3(20mL)洗涤。用硫酸钠干燥有机层,过滤并蒸发,得到甲磺酰化的产物(353mg),该产物无需进一步纯化就使用。
4-(7-氮杂二环[2.2.1]庚-7-基)萘-1-甲腈盐酸化物(198RL01)
在-40℃下,将165RL97(129mg,374mol)在DMF/甲苯(1∶1,20mL)中搅拌,并加入叔丁醇钾(42mg,374mol)。连续搅拌30分钟,然后将反应混合物升至室温。2小时后,加入更多的叔丁醇钾(20mg,0.18mol)并将该反应搅拌过夜。用二氯甲烷(50mL)稀释混合物,并用水(3×30mL)洗涤。用硫酸钠干燥有机层,过滤并蒸发,通过硅胶柱层析法,采用二氯甲烷作为洗脱剂纯化残余物,得到所需要的化合物(67.8mg,73%)。
Rf=0.75(二氯甲烷)。LCMS m/z 249[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.19(m,2H,Ar-H),7.72(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),7.63(m,1H,Ar-H),7.53(m,1H,Ar-H),6.88(d,1H,J=8.0,Ar-H),4.31(m,2H),1.98(m,4H),1.54(m,4H)。
N’-[8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基]-4-甲基苯磺酰腙(173FBA60a)
向酮156AF03-217(500mg,1.811mmol)的无水乙醇(6mL)混合物中加入对甲苯磺酰肼(405mg,2.173mmol),并将该反应搅拌回流1小时。然后将该混合物冷却,将沉淀的白色固体过滤并用无水乙醇洗涤,得到173FBA60a(738mg,92%)。
LCMS m/z 445[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.25-8.15(m,2H),7.88(d,J=8.3,2H),7.77(d,J=8.0,1H),7.73-7.63(m,1H),7.63-7.53(m,1H),7.35(d,J=8.0,2H),6.91(d,J=8.0,1H),4.32-4.19(m,2H),3.01-2.88(m,1H),2.82-2.69(m,1H),2.69-2.49(m,2H),2.46(s,3H),2.11-1.96(m,2H),1.79-1.66(m,1H),1.62-1.48(m,1H)。
4-[2-(羟甲基)哌啶-1基]萘-1-甲腈,tri(173FBA70e)
将1-氰基-4-氟萘(200mg,1.168mmol)的吡啶(0.5mL)溶液转移至Pyrex试管中,并加入2-哌啶甲醇(538mg,4.67mmol)。将该试管封帽,并暴露于微波辐射(200℃,60分钟)中。用乙酸乙酯稀释反应混合物,并用0.4N HCl和饱和NaHCO3水溶液洗涤。干燥有机相,并将其蒸发,得到粗产物,通过制备TLC(65∶35正庚烷/乙酸乙酯)纯化该粗产物,随后通过制备HPLC进一步纯化,得到173FBA70e(15mg,5%)。
LCMS m/z 267[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.30(d,J=8.1,1H),8.20(d,J=7.8,1H),7.83(d,J=7.8,1H),7.72-7.53(m,2H),7.22(d,J=8.0,1H),3.67-3.48(m,3H),3.41-3.26(m,1H),3.00-2.82(m,1H),2.10-1.55(m,6H)。
3-外-[8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-3-内-羟基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基]-N,N-二甲基丙酰胺(173FBA51bH)
在0℃下,向N,N-二异丙胺(69.6mg,0.688mmol)的干燥THF(0.5mL)溶液中滴加叔丁基锂(1.6M的己烷溶液,0.688mmol,0.43mL),并将该混合物搅拌10分钟。然后加入N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(30mg,0.344mmol)的干燥THF(0.5mL)溶液,并室温搅拌混合物。10分钟后,在室温下加入环氧化物183AF16-294(50mg,0.172mmol)的干燥THF(0.5mL)溶液并将溶液回流搅拌4小时。用饱和的NH4Cl水溶液和水猝灭该反应,并用乙醚萃取。用硫酸钠干燥有机相,过滤并蒸发,得到粗产物,通过制备TLC,用二氯甲烷/丙酮8∶2作为洗脱剂,并再一次用乙酸乙酯/庚烷/MeOH 8∶1.5∶0.5作为洗脱剂纯化该粗产物,得到白色固体173FBA51bH(4.0mg,6%)。
LCMS m/z 378[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.18(d,J=8.8,2H),7.76(d,J=8.1,1H),7.69-7.60(m,1H),7.60-7.48(m,1H),6.92(d,J=8.1,1H),4.22-4.10(m,2H),3.08(s,3H),3.00(s,3H),2.55(t,J=6.3,2H),2.42-2.32(m,2H),2.23-2.15(m,2H),2.07-1.85(m,6H)。
2-外-[8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-3-内-羟基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基]-N,N-二甲基乙烷磺酰胺(173FBA56b3)
在0℃下,向N,N-二异丙胺(64.3mg,0.636mmol)的干燥THF(0.5mL)溶液中滴加叔丁基锂(1.6M的己烷溶液,0.636mmol,0.4mL),并将该混合物搅拌10分钟。然后加入N,N-二甲基甲烷磺酰胺(39mg,0.318mmol)的干燥THF(0.5mL)溶液,并室温搅拌混合物。10分钟后,在室温下加入环氧化物183AF16-294(46mg,0.159mmol)的干燥THF(0.5mL)溶液并将溶液搅拌3小时。用饱和的NH4Cl水溶液和水猝灭该反应,并用乙醚萃取。用硫酸钠干燥有机相,过滤并蒸发,得到粗产物,通过制备TLC,用1∶1乙酸乙酯/庚烷混合物作为洗脱剂纯化该粗产物,得到为白色固体的纯173FBA56b3(6.2mg,9%)。
LCMS m/z 414[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.25-8.17(m,1H),8.16-8.08(m,1H),7.52-7.40(m,2H),7.33(d,J=7.8,1H),6.85(d,J=7.8,1H),4.12-3.96(m,2H),2.77(s,6H),2.76-2.63(m,2H),2.49(s,2H),2.20-2.10(m,2H),2.06-1.94(m,2H),1.55-1.42(m,2H),1.42-1.32(m,2H)。
3-内-羟基-3-外-甲基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛烷-8-羧酸叔丁酯(197FBA17d)
向NaH(含55-65%NaH的矿物油分散体,1.45g,33.3mmol)的DMSO(20mL)混悬液中加入碘化三甲基氧化锍(7.33g,33.3mmol)并将反应混合物搅拌1小时。加入Boc-托品酮(5.0g,22.2mmol)溶液,并将混合物室温搅拌20小时。将该混合物在乙酸乙酯和水之间进行分配,用硫酸钠干燥有机层,过滤并蒸发,得到粗环氧化物螺[8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛烷-3,2’-环氧乙烷]-8-羧酸叔丁酯(197FBA10a),该环氧化物无需进一步纯化用于下步中。向用水浴冷却的197FBA10a(5.3g,22.2mmol)的干燥THF(10mL)溶液加入超氢化物(Super-Hydride)(1.0M的THF溶液,29.0mmol,29.0mL)并将反应混合物在室温下搅拌。1小时后,再将该混合物冷却(冰浴),用水缓慢地猝灭,用K2CO3使水相饱和,并用乙醚萃取该反应混合物。用硫酸钠干燥有机相,过滤并蒸发,得到粗产物,将粗产物溶解在乙酸乙酯(200mL)中并用硅胶垫过滤,得到无色油状的197FBA17d(4.11g,77%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)4.19(m,2H),2.18-2.12(m,2H),1.95-1.89(m,4H),1.66(d,J=14.3,2H),1.46(s,9H),1.17(s,3H)。
内-3-外-甲基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛烷-3-醇盐酸化物(197FBA20a)
向197FBA17d(3.81g,15.8mmol)的乙醚(40mL)溶液中加入HCl的二噁烷溶液(4M,40mL)。将该反应混合物搅拌2小时,然后蒸发,得到白色固体,将该白色固体过滤,用庚烷(70mL)洗涤,并真空干燥,得到白色固体197FBA20a(2.17g,77%)。
1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,300MHz)δ3.87(br s,2H),2.27(d,J=7.3,2H),2.00(dd,J=14.9,3.2,2H),1.87-1.83(m,2H),1.74(d,J=14.6,2H),1.07(s,3H)。
4-(3-内-羟基-3-外-甲基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈,盐酸化物(197FBA23a)
向156AF70-267(35mg,0.12mmol)的二氯甲烷(0.5mL)溶液中加入HCl的二噁烷溶液(4M,0.150mL)。将该反应混合物搅拌30分钟,然后蒸发,得到白色固体状的该标题化合物(38mg,100%)。
LCMS m/z 293[M+H]+。1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,300MHz)δ8.18(d,J=8.0,1H),8.00(d,J=8.3,1H),7.90(d,J=8.1,1H),7.76-7.68(m,1H),7.68-7.58(m,1H),7.05(d,J=8.2,1H),4.18-4.03(m,2H),2.34-2.19(m,2H),2.17-2.04(m,2H),1.91-1.72(m,4H),1.18(s,3H)。13C-NMR(DMSO-d6,75MHz)153.0,134.3,133.8,128.9,127.1,126.4,125.9,125.0,119.0,111.4,100.0,67.7,60.2,45.3,34.2,26.4。
4-(3-甲基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯-8-基)萘-1-甲腈(197FBA24c)
向156AF70-267(43mg,0.147mmol)的二氯甲烷(0.5mL)溶液中加入硫酸水溶液(2M,0.15mL),并搅拌该反应混合物30分钟。除去溶剂,得到固体,用庚烷和二氯甲烷多次洗涤该固体并干燥。将粗品溶于饱和的NaHCO3水溶液中,并用乙酸乙酯萃取水相2次。用硫酸钠干燥合并的有机相,过滤并蒸发,得到粗产物,通过硅胶柱层析法,用庚烷/乙酸乙酯(8∶2)作为洗脱剂纯化该粗产物,得到197FBA24c(11mg,37%)。
LCMS m/z 275[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.14-8.05(m,2H),7.65(d,J=8.0,1H),7.58-7.51(m,1H),7.49-7.40(m,1H),6.91(d,J=8.0,1H),5.80-5.70(m,1H),4.43-4.33(m,1H),3.97(t,J=5.2,1H),2.39-2.14(m,2H),2.11-1.87(m,2H),1.78-1.56(m,2H),1.53(s,3H)。13C-NMR(CDCl3,75MHz)162.7,150.7,134.4,133.7,131.9,128.4,127.6,126.1,125.5,125.1,119.4,113.6,102.2,59.2,58.5,39.8,34.7,29.9.22.7。
受体活性的体外测定
受体选择和扩增(R-SAT)分析
功能性受体分析,受体选择和扩增技术(R-SATTM)用于筛选在雄激素AR受体上具有有效性的化合物,该分析来自先前所述的方法(Brann,M.R.第5,707,798号美国专利,1998)并具有较少的修改。简而言之,将NIH3T3细胞在滚瓶中生长至70-80%汇合。然后使用Polyfect(Qiagen Inc.),按照制造商的方案,用质粒DNA将细胞转染12-16小时。通常通过转染30μg/瓶的受体和50μg/瓶的β-半乳糖苷酶质粒DNA实施R-SAT分析。使用的所有受体和辅助物构建体均在哺乳动物表达载体内。辅助物定义为调节AR受体的配体-依赖性和配体-非依赖性功能的信号分子,通常为辅激活物。将NIH3T3细胞转染12-16小时,然后受胰蛋白酶作用并在DMSO中冷冻。稍后融化冷冻的细胞,以10,000-40,000细胞每孔将其接种在含药物的96孔板中。然后将细胞在具有5%环境CO2的潮湿气氛中生长5天。随后从该平板中除去培养基,通过加入β-半乳糖苷酶的底物邻硝基苯基β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(ONPG,PBS中,含有5%NP-40)测定标记基因活性。在分光光度平板读数器(Titertek Inc.)中,在420nM时测量所发生的比色反应。利用计算机程序XLFit(IDBSm)分析所有数据。
雄激素受体激动剂活性
表1
化合物 | 有效性% | pEC50 |
196MBT2-7 | 85 | 8.1 |
116BG35-24 | 94 | 8.1 |
136BG73-10 | 66 | 8.1 |
136BG85-2 | 41 | 7.1 |
156AF70-267 | 88 | 8.7 |
156AF11-229 | 44 | 6.8 |
156AF32-246 | 57 | 7.4 |
作为雄激素受体激动剂的测试化合物的体内活性测定
116BG33结果
将雄激素受体激动剂116BG33对阉割的雄性Sprague Dawley大鼠(n=3)每天皮下给药,持续2周。将116BG33(3、10、30mg/kg)的效应与丙酸睾酮(0.1和1mg/kg;阳性对照)和载体(10%Tween80;阴性对照)进行对比。在最后一次给药后24小时,将大鼠处死,测量前列腺和精囊的血液和湿重。在最后一次给药后24小时,将大鼠处死,将血液采集在肝素采集试管中。将血液离心,采集血浆并冷冻血浆样品。
采用来自Amersham的酶联免疫吸附分析(ELISA),按照制造商的技术说明书测定大鼠的促黄体激素(LH)血浆水平。固相分析是基于未标记的rLH与固定量的生物素标记的rLH之间对有限量的rLH特异性抗体的竞争。轭合物链霉抗生物素/过氧化物酶容许在底物存在时放大并检测信号。
结果
与载体比较,处死后,持续两周的3、10或30mg/kg 116BG33或0.1mg/kg丙酸睾酮(TP)的每天皮下给药对前列腺(图1)或精囊(图2)的湿重没有任何作用。相反,与载体比较,持续两周的1mg/kg丙酸睾酮(TP)的每天皮下给药导致前列腺(图1)和精囊(图2)的湿重显著增加。这些结果表明116BG33不表现出用睾酮治疗后常见的增加精囊和前列腺大小的潜在副作用。
如图3所示,处死时,促黄体激素的血浆水平增加了约4-5倍。诸如丙酸睾酮类似物的AR激动剂的长期外源性给药(14天)导致LH水平剂量依赖性逆转至与初始动物(未阉割的动物)相似的水平。有效的选择性AR激动剂116BG33的皮下给药同样将LH水平减少至生理标准。在30mg/kg时显示完全逆转。
154BG31结果
与载体处理比较,丙酸睾酮(TP)以1mg/kg的剂量每天皮下(s.c.)给药持续两周,造成前列腺(图4)、精囊(图5)和肛提肌(图6)湿组织重的显著增加。相反,3mg/kg 154BG31每天皮下给药持续两周不表现出显著地改变湿组织重。较高剂量(3和10mg/kg)154BG31的每天给药表现出显著增加湿组织重,但是,不达到TP的程度。这些数据表明,与TP比较,154BG31的潜在阴性副作用(即增加精囊和前列腺大小)不明显,直到达到至少100倍TP剂量为止。处死时,促黄体激素(LH)的血浆水平增加了3-4倍(图7)。AR激动剂,TP的长期给药(1mg/kg,皮下持续14天)将LH水平恢复至在初始大鼠(未阉割的动物)中获得的水平。有效的选择性AR激动剂154BG31的每天给药(多种剂量,皮下持续14天)产生血浆LH水平的剂量依赖性抑制,在10mg/kg时显示完全逆转。
Claims (22)
1. 通式(I)所示的化合物,或者其药物可接受的盐、其酯、其酰胺、其前药或其立体异构体:
其中
R1和R2均独立地选自氢、低级烷基、烯基、炔基、卤素、硝基、氰基、羟基、氨基、低级氨烷基、低级烃氧基、芳基、杂芳基、COOR4、CONR4R5、NHCOR4、NHSO2R4、OCOR4、COR4、SR4、S(O)nR8、SO2NR8R9;
R3选自氰基、硝基、S(O)nR8、SO2NR8R9、OSO2R4、P(O)(OR4)(OR5)、P(O)(OH)(NR4R5)、PO(NR4R5)2、COOR4;
环A是5元或6元的,任选为芳香性的、部分饱和的或完全饱和的碳环或杂环,含有最多两个杂原子,该杂原子选自NR6R7、O、SO2、S、C=O和C=S;
环B是任意取代的单环或双环杂环,含有最多三个杂原子,该杂原子选自NR6R7、O、SO2、S、C=O和C=S;
Y1和Y2为CR6R7;
R4和R5均独立地选自氢、氰基、任意取代的烷基、任意取代的烯基、任意取代的炔基、任意取代的环烃基、任意取代的杂环基烷基、任意取代的芳烷基、任意取代的芳基、任意取代的杂芳烷基、任意取代的杂芳基;
R6和R7均独立地选自氢、卤素、氰基、羟基、任意取代的烷基、任意取代的烯基、任意取代的炔基、任意取代的环烃基、任意取代的杂环基烷基、任意取代的芳烷基、任意取代的芳基、任意取代的杂芳烷基、任意取代的杂芳基、OR4、NR4R5、SR4、COR4、COOR4、CONR4R5、NHCOR4、OCOR4、CSR4、CSOR4、CSNR4R5、NHCSR4、OCSR4、S(O)nR4、SO2NR4R5、OSO2R4、NHSO2R4;
R8和R9均独立地选自氢、任意取代的烷基、任意取代的烯基、任意取代的炔基、任意取代的环烃基、任意取代的杂环基烷基、任意取代的芳烷基、任意取代的杂芳烷基;以及
n为1至3的整数。
2. 如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中环A为苯、环己基或吡啶。
3. 如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中环B为二环杂环。
4. 如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中环B为托烷或任意取代的托烷。
5. 如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R3为氰基、硝基、S(O)nR8或SO2NR8R9。
6. 如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R3为氰基或硝基。
7. 如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中环B任意被一个或多个基团取代,所述基团选自氢、卤素、羟基、任意取代的烃氧基、任意取代的烷基、任意取代的烯基、任意取代的炔基、任意取代的氨烷基和NHCOR4。
8. 如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中环B任意被一个或多个羟基基团取代。
9. 如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R6或R7为羟基或烷基。
10. 权利要求7所述化合物的前药酯、碳酸酯、氨基甲酸酯、硫酸酯、磷酸酯或氨基磷酸酯。
11. 选自如下的化合物:
3,5-二甲基-4-(4-硝基萘-1-基)哌啶、
2,6-二甲基-4-(4-硝基萘-1-基)吗啉、
1-(4-硝基萘-1-基)-4-吡咯烷-1-基-哌啶、
4-甲基-4-(4-硝基萘-1-基)哌啶、
2,5-二甲基-4-(4-硝基萘-1-基)吡咯烷、
4-[4-(2-羟乙基)哌啶-1-基]萘-1-甲腈、
4-(4-羟甲基哌啶-1-基)萘-1-甲腈、
4-(3-羟基哌啶-1-基)萘-1-甲腈、
4-(3-羟基吡咯烷-1-基)萘-1-甲腈、
4-吡咯烷-1-基萘-1-甲腈、
4-(3-内-羟基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈、
4-(3-氧代-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈、
4-{3-[2-(1H咪唑-4-基)乙氨基]-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基}萘-1-甲腈,二盐酸化物、
4-[3-(环己基甲氨基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基]萘-1-甲腈,盐酸化物、
4-[3-(2-吗啉-4-基乙氨基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基]萘-1-甲腈,二盐酸化物、
甲氧基乙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯、
3-吗啉-4-基丙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯,盐酸化物、
3-(4-乙基哌嗪-1-基)丙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯,盐酸化物、
3-二乙氨基丙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯,盐酸化物、
氯乙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯、
吗啉-4-基乙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯,盐酸化物、
咪唑-1-基乙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯,盐酸化物、
(4-乙基哌嗪-1-基)乙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯,二盐酸化物、
二乙基氨基乙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯,盐酸化物、
琥珀酸单内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯、
三氟乙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯、
4-(内-3-甲氧基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈、
N-[8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基]-2-(4-乙基哌嗪-1-基)乙酰胺,二盐酸化物、
4-氮杂庚环-1-基萘-1-甲腈、
4-(2,5-二甲基-2,5-二氢吡咯-1-基)萘-1-甲腈、
4-((R)-2-苯基氨基甲基吡咯烷-1-基)萘-1-甲腈、
4-(3-内-羟基-3-外-甲基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈、
4-(3-内-羟基-3-外-丙基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈、
4-(内-螺[8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛烷-3,2-环氧乙烷]-8-基)萘-1-甲腈、
4-(3-外-氰基甲基-3-内-羟基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈、
4-硝基苯甲酸外-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯、
4-(3-外-羟基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈、
4-(3-外-甲氧基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈、
(S)-1-(4-氰基萘-1-基)吡咯烷-2-羧酸甲酯、
4-(8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯-8-基)萘-1-甲腈、
4-(8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈、
3-吡咯烷-1-基-丙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯,延胡索酸盐、
3-咪唑-1-基-丙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯,延胡索酸盐、
3-吡唑-1-基-丙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯,延胡索酸盐、
4-(2-甲基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈、
内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基磷酸二氢盐、
4-(2-甲基哌啶-1-基)萘-1-甲腈、
1-(4-氰基萘-1-基)哌啶-3-甲腈、
4-(3-氟哌啶-1-基)萘-1-甲腈、
4-(7-氮杂二环[2.2.1]庚-7-基)萘-1-甲腈盐酸化物、
2-外-[8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-3-内-羟基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基]-N,N二甲基乙烷磺酰胺、
4-(3-内-羟基-3-外-甲基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈,盐酸化物、
4-(3-甲基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯-8-基)萘-1-甲腈、
5-硝基-8-吡咯烷-1-基-喹啉,盐酸化物、
1-(4-硝基-5,6,7,8-四氢萘-1-基)吡咯烷、
8-硝基-5-吡咯烷-1-基-异喹啉、
5-吡咯烷-1-基-喹啉-8-甲腈、
3-哌嗪-1-基丙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯,二盐酸化物、
3-[双(2-羟乙基)氨基]丙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯,延胡索酸盐、
3-(3-二甲氨基吡咯烷-1-基)丙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯,二延胡索酸盐、
3-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)丙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯二延胡索酸盐、和
4-(3-二乙氨基甲基-3-羟基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈,盐酸化物。
12. 选自如下的化合物:
4-甲基-4-(4-硝基萘-1-基)哌啶、
2,5-二甲基-4-(4-硝基萘-1-基)吡咯烷、
4-哌啶-1-基萘-1-甲腈、
4-(3-内-羟基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈、
3-(4-乙基哌嗪-1-基)丙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯,盐酸化物、
3-二乙氨基丙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯,盐酸化物、
4-(2,5-二甲基-2,5-二氢吡咯-1-基)萘-1-甲腈、
4-(3-内-羟基-3-外-甲基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈、
4-(3-内-羟基-3-外-丙基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈、
4-(内-螺[8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛烷-3,2-环氧乙烷]-8-基)萘-1-甲腈、
4-(8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯-8-基)萘-1-甲腈、
4-(8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈、
4-(2-甲基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈、
4-(2-甲基哌啶-1-基)萘-1-甲腈、
4-(7-氮杂二环[2.2.1]庚-7-基)萘-1-甲腈盐酸化物、
4-(3-内-羟基-3-外-甲基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈,盐酸化物、
4-(3-甲基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯-8-基)萘-1-甲腈。
13. 选自如下的化合物:
1-(4-氰基萘-1-基)哌啶-3-羧酸二乙胺、
1-(4-硝基萘-1-基)哌啶-4-羧酸乙酯、
4-(4-硝基萘-1-基)吗啉、
4-(3-羟甲基哌啶-1-基)萘-1-甲腈、
4-(4-甲基哌啶-1-基)萘-1-甲腈、
4-(4-羟基哌啶-1-基)萘-1-甲腈、
1-(4-氰基萘-1-基)哌啶-4-羧酸酰胺、
N-1-(4-氰基萘-1-基)吡咯烷-3-基]-N-甲基乙酰胺、
4-(3-二甲氨基吡咯烷-1-基)萘-1-甲腈、
4-(2,6-二甲基吗啉-4-基)萘-1-甲腈、
4-((S)-2-羟甲基吡咯烷-1-基)萘-1-甲腈、
4-吡咯烷-1-基萘-1-羧酸乙酯、
4-吡咯烷-1-基萘-1-羧酸、
4-(3-丙氨基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈,盐酸化物、
4-(3-二甲氨基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈,盐酸化物、
4-[3-(3-羟丙基氨基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基]萘-1-甲腈,盐酸化物、
4-[3-(2-乙氧乙氨基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基]萘-1-甲腈,盐酸化物、
4-(3-环丙氨基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈,盐酸化物、
4-[3-(2-二甲氨基乙氨基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基]萘-1-甲腈,二盐酸化物、
4-{3-[(呋喃-2-基甲基)氨基]-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基}萘-1-甲腈,盐酸化物、
4-{3-[(吡啶-2-基甲基)氨基]-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基}萘-1-甲腈,二盐酸化物、
4-[3-(2-异丙氧基乙氨基)-8-a-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基]萘-1-甲腈,盐酸化物、
4-(1,4-二氧代-8-氮杂螺[4.5]癸-8-基)萘-1-甲腈、
4-(3-肟基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈、
3-氯丙酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯、
4-(3,4-二羟基吡咯烷-1-基)萘-1-甲腈、
4-(3-外-乙炔基-3-内-羟基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈、
4-[3-(2-[1,3]二噁烷-2-基乙基)-3-羟基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基]萘-1-甲腈、
(1S,4S)-5-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-2,5-二氮杂二环[2.2.1]庚烷-2-羧酸叔丁酯、
4-((1S,4S)-2,5-二氮杂二环[2.2.1]庚-2-基)萘-1-甲腈盐酸化物、
4-[(1S,4S)-5-(甲氧基乙酰基)-2,5-二氮杂二环[2.2.1]庚-2-基]萘-1-甲腈、
4-((1S,4S)-5-乙酰基-2,5-二氮杂二环[2.2.1]庚-2-基)萘-1-甲腈、
4-[(1S,4S)-5-(2-羟乙基)-2,5-二氮杂二环[2.2.1]庚-2-基]萘-1-甲腈、
4-((1S,4S)-5-甲基-2,5-二氮杂二环[2.2.1]庚-2-基)萘-1-甲腈盐酸化物、
4-(3-氨基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈,盐酸化物、
2-氯-N-[8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基]乙酰胺,盐酸化物、
N-[8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基]-2-二乙氨基乙酰胺,盐酸化物、
2-氰基乙基内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基N,N-二异丙基酰胺基磷酸盐、
内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基氢N,N-二异丙基酰胺基磷酸盐、
1-(3,4-二硝基萘-1-基)吡咯烷,盐酸化物、
1-(4,5,7-三硝基萘-1-基)吡咯烷,盐酸化物、
2-溴-4-吡咯烷-1-基萘-1-甲腈,盐酸化物、
4-吡咯烷-1-基萘-1,3-二腈,盐酸化物、
1-(4,8-二硝基萘-1-基)吡咯烷,盐酸化物、
4-吡咯烷-1-基萘-1-磺酸、
[4-(吡咯烷-1-基)萘-1-基]磷酸二乙酯、
[4-(吡咯烷-1-基)萘-1-基]磷酸单乙酯、
1-(4-甲烷磺酰基萘-1-基)吡咯烷、
[4-(吡咯烷-1-基)萘-1-基]磺酰胺、
[8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基]脲、
二甲基氨基甲酸(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯、
4-(4-羟基-4-苯基哌啶-1-基)萘-1-甲腈、
4-(3,6-二氢-2H-吡啶-1-基)萘-1-甲腈、
4-(8-氧代-1,5,6,8-四氢-2H,4H-1,5亚甲基吡啶并[1,2-α][1,5]二氮杂环辛间四烯-3-基)萘-1-甲腈、
4-硫代吗啉-4-基萘-1-甲腈、
4-(4-苄基-4-羟基哌啶-1-基)萘-1-甲腈、
4-(4-氧代-1-苯基-1,3,8-三氮杂-螺[4.5]癸-8-基)萘-1-甲腈、
4-(4-苯甲酰基哌啶-1-基)萘-1-甲腈、
1-(4-氰基萘-1-基)4-苯基哌啶-4-甲腈、
4-((S)-4a-羟基八氢异喹啉-2-基)萘-1-甲腈、
4-(6-甲氧基-3,4-二氢-1H-异喹啉-2-基)萘-1-甲腈、
4-(9-羟基-1,5,7-三甲基-3,7-二氮杂二环[3.3.1]壬-3-基)萘-1-甲腈、
4-[3-外-(4-乙基哌嗪-1-基甲基)-3-内-羟基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基]萘-1-甲腈、
4-(3-内-羟基-3-外-羟甲基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈、
4-(3-内-羟基-3-外-{[2-(1H-咪唑-4基)乙氨基]甲基}-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈、
4-(3-内-羟基-3-外-甲氧基甲基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈、
7-溴-4-吡咯烷-1-基萘-1-甲腈,盐酸化物和6-溴-4-吡咯烷-1-基萘-1-甲腈,盐酸化物、
4-(8-氮杂螺[4.5]癸-8-基)萘-1-甲腈、
丙烯酸内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基酯、
4-(2-甲基-3-氧代-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈、
4-(3-外-苄基-3-内-羟基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈、
8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯-2-羧酸甲酯、
8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛烷-2-羧酸甲酯、
4-(2-羟甲基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯-8-基)萘-1-甲腈、
(1R,2R,3S,5S)-3-苯酰氧基-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛烷-2-羧酸甲酯、
(1R,2R,3S,5S)-4-(3-羟基-2-羟甲基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)萘-1-甲腈、
2-氰基乙基内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基N,N-二异丙基酰胺基亚磷酸盐、
2-氰基乙基内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基二异丙基酰胺基磷酸盐、
2-氰基乙基乙基内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基磷酸盐、
乙基内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基磷酸氢盐、
双(2-氰基乙基)内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基磷酸盐、
2-氰基乙基内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基苯基磷酸盐、
内-8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基苯基磷酸氢盐、
N-[8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基]乙酰胺、
3-氯-N[8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基]丙酰胺、
N-[8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基]-3-(4-乙基哌嗪-1-基)丙酰胺,二盐酸化物、
N-[8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基]-3-二乙氨基丙酰胺,盐酸化物、
N-[8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基]-3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙酰胺,盐酸化物、
N-[8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基]-2-(乙氧基乙氧基)乙酰胺、
1-(4-氰基萘-1-基)哌啶-3-羧酸乙酯、
1-(4-氰基萘-1-基)哌啶-3-羧酸、
[1-(4-氰基萘-1-基)哌啶-3-基甲基]氨基甲酸叔丁酯、
4-(3-氨甲基哌啶-1-基)萘-1-甲腈、
N-[1-(4-氰基萘-1-基)哌啶-3-基甲基]乙酰胺、
4-(3-乙氨基甲基哌啶-1-基)萘-1-甲腈盐酸化物、
4-(3-二乙氨基甲基哌啶-1-基)萘-1-甲腈盐酸化物、
1-(4-氰基萘-1-基)哌啶-3-羧酰胺、
反-4-(4-羟基环己氨基)萘-1-甲腈、
甲烷磺酸反-4-(4-氰基萘-1-基氨基)环己酯、
N’-[8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基]-4-甲基苯磺酰腙、
4-[2-(羟甲基)哌啶-1-基]萘-1-甲腈、
3-外-[8-(4-氰基萘-1-基)-3-内-羟基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基]-N,N-二甲基丙酰胺、
4-吡咯烷-1-基-2,3-二氮杂萘-1-甲腈,盐酸化物、
7-吡咯烷-1-基-苯并[1,2,5]噻二唑-4-甲腈,盐酸化物、
1-吡咯烷-1-基-异喹啉-4-甲腈,盐酸化物、
8-吡咯烷-1-基-喹噁啉-5-甲腈,盐酸化物、
5-吡咯烷-1-基-异喹啉-8-甲腈,盐酸化物、
8-吡咯烷-1-基-异喹啉-5-甲腈,盐酸化物、
8-硝基-5-吡咯烷-1-基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉、
5-硝基-8-吡咯烷-1-基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉、及
1-(8-硝基-5-吡咯烷-1-基-3,4-二氢-1H异喹啉-2-基)乙酮。
14. 活化雄激素受体的方法,所述方法包括将所述受体与权利要求1所述的化合物接触。
15. 改善性腺功能减退症症状的方法,所述方法包括鉴别需要所述改善的患者,并将权利要求1所述的化合物对所述患者给药。
16. 治疗疾病或改善其症状的方法,所述方法包括鉴别需要所述治疗或改善的患者,并将权利要求1所述的化合物对所述患者给药;
其中所述疾病选自低于正常的睾酮血浆水平,男性不育症,男性精子发生,男性勃起功能障碍,男性更年期,女性子宫内膜异位症,女性性交痛,女性阴道痉挛,女性性唤起障碍,女性性欲高潮障碍,男性性欲障碍症,恶病质,HIV消瘦,有明显肌肉萎缩的危重疾病,肌肉减少症;脆弱;身材矮小症;侏儒症;骨密度流失;心境障碍,包括缺乏健康、缺乏活力、愤怒、易怒、悲伤、疲劳和神经质;抑郁;包括语言流畅和空间记忆的认知功能的受损;神经变性病症,包括阿耳茨海默氏病、轻度认知损伤(MCI)、路易小体痴呆症和额颞叶痴呆症;干眼病;代谢性病症,包括血脂异常、动脉粥样硬化和非胰岛素依赖性糖尿病(NIDDM);心血管病症,包括但不限于高血压、冠状动脉疾病和心肌灌注;肥胖症;贫血症;前列腺癌和精神分裂症。
17. 激素替代治疗的方法,所述方法包括鉴别需要所述治疗的患者,并将权利要求1所述的化合物对所述患者给药。
18. 如权利要求17所述的方法,其中对激素替代治疗的需要是由采用外科方法或化学方法进行的睾丸切除术引起的。
19. 改善疾病状态中的肌肉强度的方法,所述疾病状态包括肌营养不良、强直性肌营养不良、糖质皮类固醇治疗的哮喘,所述方法包括鉴别需要所述改善的患者,并将权利要求1所述的化合物对所述患者给药。
20. 预防疾病状态的方法,所述疾病状态选自骨密度流失;干眼病;代谢性病症,包括血脂异常、动脉粥样硬化和非胰岛素依赖性糖尿病(NIDDM);心血管病症,包括高血压、冠状动脉疾病和心肌灌注;肥胖症;和前列腺癌,所述方法包括将权利要求1所述的化合物对患者给药。
21. 改善健康相关的生命参数质量的方法,所述生命参数选自存活力、损伤、功能状态、健康感觉和机会,所述方法包括将权利要求1所述的化合物对患者给药。
22. 延缓前列腺癌进程的方法,所述方法包括将权利要求1所述的化合物对患者给药。
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- 2005-05-16 CA CA002566942A patent/CA2566942A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-05-16 ZA ZA200610270A patent/ZA200610270B/en unknown
- 2005-05-16 US US11/130,669 patent/US7268232B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-05-16 AU AU2005247405A patent/AU2005247405A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-05-16 JP JP2007527347A patent/JP2007538085A/ja active Pending
- 2005-05-16 WO PCT/US2005/017143 patent/WO2005115361A2/en active Application Filing
- 2005-05-16 CN CNA2005800238644A patent/CN101248069A/zh active Pending
- 2005-05-16 EP EP05749623A patent/EP1756101A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-05-16 RU RU2006144863/04A patent/RU2006144863A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-05-16 MX MXPA06013329A patent/MXPA06013329A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
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2007
- 2007-06-28 US US11/770,586 patent/US20080009489A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (3)
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CN110944990A (zh) * | 2017-07-18 | 2020-03-31 | 默克专利股份公司 | Tlr7/8拮抗剂及其用途 |
CN110944990B (zh) * | 2017-07-18 | 2024-06-18 | 默克专利股份公司 | Tlr7/8拮抗剂及其用途 |
CN112638901A (zh) * | 2018-08-28 | 2021-04-09 | 豪夫迈·罗氏有限公司 | 用于治疗自身免疫性疾病的新型吡咯烷基酰胺化合物 |
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US20080009489A1 (en) | 2008-01-10 |
WO2005115361A2 (en) | 2005-12-08 |
WO2005115361A3 (en) | 2006-03-16 |
CA2566942A1 (en) | 2005-12-08 |
US7268232B2 (en) | 2007-09-11 |
AU2005247405A1 (en) | 2005-12-08 |
MXPA06013329A (es) | 2007-02-22 |
ZA200610270B (en) | 2008-06-25 |
EP1756101A2 (en) | 2007-02-28 |
RU2006144863A (ru) | 2008-06-27 |
JP2007538085A (ja) | 2007-12-27 |
US20060014739A1 (en) | 2006-01-19 |
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