CN101218053B - 具有为冷却射流提供空间的凹槽的车削切削刀片 - Google Patents
具有为冷却射流提供空间的凹槽的车削切削刀片 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于车削的切削刀片。该切削刀片(10)包括由硬质耐磨材料制成的多边形主体,它具有上表面(12)和下表面以及组合所述表面的多个边缘表面(13,14)。在两个边缘表面相交区域的前端部分(21),前端切削刃至少构成了一个圆形切削角部(11),它具有前端切削刃(19)。所述切削角部限定了等分线(B)。至少一个凹槽(29)被安置在距前端切削刃有一段距离的上表面(12)的支撑表面(16)上。所述凹槽(29)大体上是朝所述前端部分(21)延伸。每个凹槽(29)都是朝前端部分(21)延伸并且深度逐渐增加。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及车削切削刀片。
背景技术
现今的许多切削刀片都具有一些构成在前端切削刃附近的凸起,以便于形成、引导切屑流,和/或使切屑流成角度。由于所述设计,因此必须采用高压,以通过高压射流用于来运送形成的切屑。由于使用了昂贵的设备和操作费用,这将带来高额成本。另外,已知切削刀片要承受较高的切削力。已知切削刀片具有凹槽,凹槽优选地位于切削刃附近,或者甚至穿过切削刃。因为刀刃将被削弱,故使得切削刀片的几何形状在实践中不能用于干性加工。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种切削刀片,这种切削刀片的几何形状尤其适合于干性加工和与高压冷却结合的加工。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种具有提高的使用寿命和改善的加工效果的切削刀片。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种允许有关冷却射流的平角的切削刀片。
根据优选实施例,本发明的另一个目的是提供一种产生较低的切削力的切削刀片。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种产生受控切屑形成的切削刀片。
本发明通过切削刀片实现的这些目的和其他目的,其特征如在附图中显示出,其中相同的部件使用了相同的附图标记。
根据本发明,提供了一种用于车削的切削刀片,包括由硬质耐磨材料制成的多边形主体,该切削刀片具有上表面和下表面以及连接所述表面的多个边缘表面,在两个边缘表面相交区域的前端部分处形成有至少一个设有前端切削刃的圆形切削角部,所述切削角部限定了等分线,其特征在于至少一个凹槽被布置在距前端切削刃有一段距离的上表面的支撑表面上,所述凹槽具有一个大体上朝向所述前端部分的延伸部分,该凹槽用于为导向所述前端部分的冷却射流提供空间,并且每个凹槽为细长形,且朝向前端部分深度逐渐增大。
根据本发明的优选实施例,在支撑表面上布置一个以上的凹槽,并且每个凹槽的纵轴线与前端部分相交。
附图说明
图1A和1B每个显示了依照本发明的切削刀片的实施例中的一个切削角部的平面图。
图1C显示了利用高压射流辅助的断屑期间的切削角部的透视图。
图1D显示了沿着图1c中线S的切削角部的示意性剖面图。
图2显示了依照本发明的切削刀片的另一个替代性实施例的切削角部的平面图。
图3显示了依照本发明的切削刀片的其它替代性实施例的切削角部的平面图。
图4A显示了依照本发明的切削刀片的其它替代性实施例的透视图。
图4B显示了从图4A上方的切削刀片的切削角部。
具体实施方式
图1A,1B和1C显示了依照本发明实施例的切削刀片10的切削角部11。切削刀片10具有多边形基本形状并且可以是双侧面的。切削刀片10由硬质耐磨材料制成,优选为硬质合金,但是也可以替代性地由陶瓷或立方氮化硼(CBN)制成。在硬质合金中最常见的硬质材料是碳化钨,WC,以及粘结金属。可选的碳化物可以是金属钛的(TiC),钽的(TaC)以及铌的(NbC)。最常见的粘结金属是钴(Co),以及镍(Ni)。硬质合金是通过粒度为0.5-10μm的碳化物颗粒和粘结金属,通过粉末冶金制成的粉末混合物。粘结金属所占体积的百分比为5-40%,而碳化物所占体积的百分比为95-60%。切削刀片10优选具有例如,AL2O3,TiN和/或TiCN的涂覆层。
切削刀片10首先被研制用于在车削金属工件中使用。切削刀片具有上表面12以及未显示的下表面,两者被设置于独立的、基本上平行的平面上,并且具有多个边缘表面13,140,它们将所述上下表面结合起来。边缘表面13,14在圆形部分21相交。如显示的切削刀片10具有一个菱形基本形状并且包括一个中心紧固孔15。该切削刀片在每个上和下表面处都可以具有两个成锐角的切削角部11。在显示实施例中,所述尖端角度为80°但是也可以替代性地是55°或60°。在本发明中还包括具有垂直角部以及其它角度的角部的切削刀片。
上侧12具有基本成平面的支撑表面16,紧靠在未显示的刀架的凹座中的基底表面形成。支撑表面16的限制线基本遵循切削刀片的基本形状。支撑表面16可以围绕着紧固孔15。如实施例所示,两个支撑表面16基本成平行的面,它们基本上垂直于孔15的中心轴线延伸。
每个切削角部11包括相对于支撑表面16的埋头的部分17。在这种情形下,这个埋头部分17是一个烧结的切屑形成器或断屑器。埋头部分17、边缘表面13和14之间的相交线形成切削刃,即,第一切削刃18,前端切削刃19以及第二切削刃20。前端切削刃19是一个基本上部分呈圆形的切削刃,它的半径为R,且它的半径中心为Z。切削刃18-20可以位于公共平面。
可以在下表面和上表面12上设置至少一个断屑装置22,一方面用于车削期间运送切屑,另一方面这样使得切削刀片的两侧片会更加经济。在这个优选实施例中,上表面和下表面是相同的,但是是镜面反转的,这样使得当切削刀片转位,使得下表面向上,以用于车削时,它具有和上表面12相同的几何形状。切削角部11的切削刃18和20封闭成一个角度,角度的中心限定了一个等分线B。在这种情形下,断屑装置22包括两个断屑区段22A、22B,其目的是运送切屑,和使高压冷却射流23由切屑控制并且更接近切削区域,这样,更有效冷却切削刀片,并且延长切削刀片的使用寿命。断屑区段22A、22B之间形成有开口24,并且从而可以直接将高压射流引入它们之间,并且因此进一步运送切屑。在此,对于″开口″,通常参照的是彼此靠近设置的两个断屑区段之间的埋头部分。这些段22A、22B可以如图稍稍彼此连接起来,在这种情形下,这些段关于等分线B对称地布置。
参考前图1B,其中段22A、22B的设计和位置如下文描述。在这种情形下,每个段都是细长的并且具有圆形端。段的尺寸通过公式I×b×h确定,例如,其中长度I=R×0.75(R=角部的半径),宽度b=I/4,并且高度h=0.15-0.5毫米。半径中心Z可以位于开口24中。段的最高点不得布置在相关联的切削刃18,20上方大于0.25毫米处,但是也可以布置在切削刃下方或其平面的下方。段22A、22B之间的开口24通过以下公式确定:Y=b/3,其中Y一直至少为0.25毫米。段22A、22B相对于相对切削刃18,20的位置被选择,使得段的纵轴线S相对于相对切削刃形成一定角度α。段相对于相对切削刃18,20形成的角度α可以在10-50°之间并且优选在20-40°之间,并且最优选在32°左右。在这种情况下,相对于等分线,段被不对称布置,两个段22A、22B可以布置成不同角度,参见以下关于图4A和4B的描述。每个段22A、22B布置成距相关联的切削刃距离为X毫米,其中X=R×Q。传统切削刀片的系数Q取在0.3-0.5之间,而刮刀片的系数Q取在0.4-0.8之间。
埋头部分17包括一个从切削刃18-20向内向下倾斜的切屑表面25。通常,加强斜面26被设置成直接连接在切削刃18-20上。每个段22A、22B都从所述切屑表面25突出。因此,参见图1D的剖面图,每个段22A、22B都具有与切屑表面25相似的倾斜度,朝着等分线B向内向下倾斜。
此外,埋头部分17还包括一个主要用以为射流23提供空间的底表面27。因此,埋头部分17设置有朝着切削刀片的中心向上延伸的壁28。该壁28朝着切削刀片中心、从段22A、22B偏移一段距离,该距离至少与段的长度l相等,优选至少是长度l的两倍。壁28也可以描述成底表面27从段朝着切削刀片的中心的延伸部分,壁28至少与段的长度l相等,优选至少是段长度l的两倍。底表面27基本被布置得较低,即,布置成比段和壁更接近相对的下表面。
而且,与上述切屑运送段结合,或独立于以上所提到的切屑运送段22A、22B,射流的角度可以通过在切削刀片支撑表面中形成一个或多个凹槽29而进一步减少,以增加可接触性(accessibility)。图1A中显示了三个凹槽,而为了清晰起见,在图1c中仅仅显示了一个凹槽。所有凹槽沿着前端部分21的深度持续增加,并且优选其宽度也增大。在图1A显示的情况下,三个细长的凹槽29被布置,使得每个凹槽的纵轴线都与开口24相交。所述凹槽可以相对于切削角部的等分线B被布置成不同的角度,这样以便于给出用于射流的角度的固定位置。这种凹槽29的布置既为了增大可接触性,又便于使用者以一定角度设置高压射流,使得高压射流被导向段22A、22B之间的开口24。这种角度的选择取决于切削深度,切削进给量,切削速度和所车削的材料。要指出的是,凹槽,其本身是被动的且仅仅构成用于冷却射流的一个孔,冷却射流从独立于切削刀片设置的喷嘴中流出。
图2显示了依照本发明的切削刀片的替代性实施例的切削角部,它不同于图1A-1C中显示的切削刀片10,不同之处在于,为了增加设置的角度的数量,设置了具有公共焦点的呈扇形形状的五个凹槽。
图3显示了依照本发明的切削刀片的替代性实施例的切削角部,它不同于图1A-1C和图2中显示的切削刀片,不同之处在于,排屑槽或凹槽30已经被构成,向外通向前端切削刃19或者加强斜面26。凹槽30围绕等分线B对称布置,在段22A、22B前面,且在开口24和圆形部分21之间。从而,其进一步保证射流23尽可能接近切削区域。这样做时,冷却射流23将尽可能始终接近切削区域,并且进一步运送切屑,减少了切削刀片磨损。依照本发明的切削刀片,能使用更平的角度,而不会被断屑器阻挡。另外,射流可以更加接近切削区域,这样可以使用较低的压力,实现良好的切屑形成结果。首先是泵送设备的使用寿命,还有泵送设备的尺寸,较低压力射流都具有大量优点。用于高压冷却的泵送设备是一种昂贵的投资。因为成本和泵送设备的工作压力成正比,因此利用能够经受较长时间的磨损的切削刀片,不仅能节省金钱,而且当使用传统的断屑器时不需要使用高压。另外,从安全和环保的观点来看,系统中使用尽可能较低的压力是优选的。低压将使操作更安全并且能耗更低。另外,用于射流至位于切削刀片的顶侧的等分线B的角度的固定位置(即凹槽29)辅助使用者设置切削刀片,以实现最佳加工,并且增大切削刀片的重复精度,这是因为如果射流被正确定位,则通过视觉看到切削刀片。
切削刀片顶侧上的凹槽通常并非用来冷却切削刀片,而是用来避免阻挡射流,即用来能够进一步减小射流的倾斜度。
然而,切削刀片并不仅仅是用于高压冷却,相反的,切削刀片可以应用在传统的冷却加工或者干性加工中。由于切削刀片具有断屑装置22的事实,其中断屑装置22在前端切削刃附近被分成了两个部分,因而这个部分在传统冷却加工和干性加工中起到普通断屑器的作用。两个段布置在开口24的两边。所述开口24具有两个功能,一方面降低凹坑磨损的风险(否则当切屑冲击于切屑表面上的常规的凸起时,通常会出现凹坑磨损),并且另一方面为高压射流提供了空间,以便冲击在切屑下方。这里,在高压冷却应用时,预计压力大于100巴。
图4A和4B显示了依照本发明的不同于如上所述切削刀片的替代性实施例,不同之处在于,切削刀片的实例是不对称的刮刀片,其形状与瑞典专利NO.0201985-9中的类似,其中涉及到切削刃和余隙面形状的有关说明,此专利在此引入说明书中。在这种情形下,由于切削刀片的进给和切削深度区域根据如何使用切削刀片而极大地不同,即,用于轴向车削,端面车削或者复制切削,因而段22A、22B可以关于切削角部的等分线不对称地布置。在这种情形下,段22A、22B具有完全笔直基本形状,以及位于它们之间的明显的间隙24。段22A与直的切削刃18形成锐角,而段22B与弯曲的切削刃19形成大约90°角度。
凹槽29设置用于进一步减小射流的倾斜角度,而不会造成射流被切削刀片的一些部分阻挡,并且还指导使用者以相对于切削刃的正确角度设置射流。
因此,本发明涉及车削的切削刀片,它的几何形状尤其适合干性加工和结合高压冷却的加工,这种刀片具有延长的使用寿命并且改善的加工结果,并且允许关于冷却射流的平角(flat angle)。
在本申请要求优先权的瑞典专利申请No 0501575-5和No0501576-3中的公开内容在此作为参考引入。
Claims (8)
1.用于车削的切削刀片,包括由硬质耐磨材料制成的多边形主体,该切削刀片具有上表面(12)和下表面以及连接所述表面的多个边缘表面(13,14),在两个边缘表面相交区域的前端部分(21)处形成有至少一个设有前端切削刃(19)的圆形切削角部(11),所述切削角部限定了等分线(B),其特征在于至少一个凹槽(29)被布置在距前端切削刃有一段距离的上表面(12)的支撑表面(16)上,所述凹槽(29)具有一个大体上朝向所述前端部分(21)的延伸部分,该凹槽(29)用于为导向所述前端部分(21)的冷却射流提供空间,并且每个凹槽(29)为细长形,且朝向前端部分(21)深度逐渐增大。
2.如权利要求1所述的切削刀片,其特征在于每个凹槽(29)朝着前端部分(21)宽度逐渐增加。
3.如权利要求1或2中任一项所述的切削刀片,其特征在于,在支撑表面(16)上布置一个以上的凹槽(29),并且每个凹槽的纵轴线与前端部分(21)相交。
4.如权利要求3所述的切削刀片,其特征在于凹槽数目为1至5。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的切削刀片,其特征在于在下和上表面(12)其中至少之一上布置有至少一个断屑装置(22),每个断屑装置(22)包括两个细长的断屑区段(22A,22B),在所述断屑区段之间设有开口(24)。
6.如权利要求5所述的切削刀片,其特征在于每个段(22A,22B)与相对的切削刃(18、20)形成一个锐角(α)。
7.如权利要求5所述的切削刀片,其特征在于所述段(22A,22B)相对于等分线(B)不对称地布置。
8.如权利要求5所述的切削刀片,其特征在于所述凹槽(29)为导向所述开口(24)的冷却射流提供空间。
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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SE0501575-5 | 2005-07-05 | ||
SE0501575A SE528609C2 (sv) | 2005-07-05 | 2005-07-05 | Skär för svarvning med urtagning avsedd att ge plats åt en kylstråle |
SE05015755 | 2005-07-05 | ||
SE05015763 | 2005-07-05 | ||
SE0501576-3 | 2005-07-05 | ||
SE0501576A SE0501576L (sv) | 2005-07-05 | 2005-07-05 | Skär för svarvning med spånbrytare anpassad för kylstråle |
PCT/SE2006/000799 WO2007004951A1 (en) | 2005-07-05 | 2006-06-29 | A cutting insert for turning with a recess intended to give room for a cooling jet |
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CN101218053A CN101218053A (zh) | 2008-07-09 |
CN101218053B true CN101218053B (zh) | 2010-07-21 |
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CN2006800246734A Active CN101218052B (zh) | 2005-07-05 | 2006-06-29 | 一种用于车削并且具有能容纳冷却射流的空间的断屑装置的切削刀片 |
CN2006800247544A Active CN101218053B (zh) | 2005-07-05 | 2006-06-29 | 具有为冷却射流提供空间的凹槽的车削切削刀片 |
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EP (2) | EP1904254B1 (zh) |
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- 2006-06-29 CN CN2006800246734A patent/CN101218052B/zh active Active
- 2006-06-29 EP EP06747975.8A patent/EP1904254B1/en active Active
- 2006-06-29 WO PCT/SE2006/000798 patent/WO2007004950A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-06-29 US US11/917,008 patent/US7621700B2/en active Active
- 2006-06-29 EP EP06747974.1A patent/EP1904253B1/en active Active
- 2006-06-29 US US11/917,005 patent/US7934891B2/en active Active
- 2006-06-29 CN CN2006800247544A patent/CN101218053B/zh active Active
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2008
- 2008-01-21 KR KR1020087001673A patent/KR101275953B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2008-01-21 KR KR1020087001672A patent/KR101269912B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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CN1558807A (zh) * | 2001-09-24 | 2004-12-29 | �����ι�˾ | 可转位的车削刀片 |
CN1615196A (zh) * | 2001-11-20 | 2005-05-11 | 三菱麻铁里亚尔株式会社 | 不重磨刀片 |
Also Published As
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CN101218053A (zh) | 2008-07-09 |
US20080193231A1 (en) | 2008-08-14 |
KR101269912B1 (ko) | 2013-05-31 |
KR20080025744A (ko) | 2008-03-21 |
EP1904254A4 (en) | 2012-01-18 |
EP1904253A1 (en) | 2008-04-02 |
CN101218052B (zh) | 2010-05-26 |
EP1904254A1 (en) | 2008-04-02 |
WO2007004950A1 (en) | 2007-01-11 |
US7934891B2 (en) | 2011-05-03 |
EP1904254B1 (en) | 2013-12-25 |
WO2007004951A1 (en) | 2007-01-11 |
EP1904253B1 (en) | 2018-08-08 |
KR20080026189A (ko) | 2008-03-24 |
US7621700B2 (en) | 2009-11-24 |
CN101218052A (zh) | 2008-07-09 |
EP1904253A4 (en) | 2012-01-18 |
US20080199263A1 (en) | 2008-08-21 |
KR101275953B1 (ko) | 2013-06-14 |
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