CN101184696A - 导电性钙铝石型化合物的制造方法 - Google Patents

导电性钙铝石型化合物的制造方法 Download PDF

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CN101184696A
CN101184696A CNA2006800184564A CN200680018456A CN101184696A CN 101184696 A CN101184696 A CN 101184696A CN A2006800184564 A CNA2006800184564 A CN A2006800184564A CN 200680018456 A CN200680018456 A CN 200680018456A CN 101184696 A CN101184696 A CN 101184696A
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compound
mayenite compound
precursor
conductive mayenite
manufacture method
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CN101184696B (zh
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细野秀雄
林克郎
金圣雄
平野正浩
鸣岛晓
伊藤节郎
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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Corp
Japan Science and Technology Agency
Tokyo Institute of Technology NUC
AGC Inc
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Asahi Glass Co Ltd
Tokyo Institute of Technology NUC
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Abstract

提供了不需要高额的设备和复杂的控制的、廉价且大量地制造具有良好特性的导电性钙铝石型化合物的制造方法,以及用该制造方法得到的钙铝石型化合物。它是包括将前体热处理的工序的导电性钙铝石型化合物的制造方法,其特征在于,上述前体为玻璃质或结晶质,含有Ca和Al,换算成氧化物的CaO∶Al2O3的摩尔比为12.6∶6.4~11.7∶7.3,且CaO与Al2O3的合计为50摩尔%以上,且上述热处理为将上述前体保持在热处理温度T为600~1415℃、且氧分压P02以Pa为单位在P02≤105×exp[{-7.9×104/(T+273)}+14.4]所示范围的惰性气体或真空气氛中的热处理。

Description

导电性钙铝石型化合物的制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及导电性钙铝石型化合物的制造方法。
背景技术
钙铝石型化合物具有12CaO·7Al2O3(以下记为C12A7)这一代表组成,具有三维连接的由直径约0.4nm的空隙即孔笼(ケ一ジ,cage)构成的特征结晶结构。构成该空隙的的骨架带正电荷,每单位晶格形成12个空隙。为了满足结晶的电中性条件,该空隙的1/6被氧离子占据。但是该氧离子与构成骨架的其它氧离子具有化学上的特异特性,因此被特别称为游离氧离子。由于上述情况,C12A7结晶被表示为[Ca24Al28O64]4+·2O2-(非专利文献1)。
另外,作为钙铝石型化合物已知有12SrO·7Al2O3(以下记为S12A7),也存在具有任意的Ca与Sr混合比的C12A7与S12A7的混晶化合物(非专利文献2)。
细野等人发现,将C12A7结晶的粉末或其烧结体在H2气氛中进行热处理,使H离子包接在空隙中,再接着通过照射紫外光使电子包接在空隙中,可以在室温下诱导持久的导电性(专利文献1)。该被包接的电子被松缓地束缚在空隙中,可以在结晶中自由运动,因此赋予钙铝石型化合物的C12A7结晶以导电性。但是,该方法所得的导电性钙铝石型化合物由于不能包接充分量的电子,因此导电性不充分。
细野等人还发现,如果使用碱金属蒸气对C12A7单晶进行还原处理,则空隙中的自由氧离子被电子置换,可以制备单晶的导电性钙铝石型化合物(专利文献1)。但是,在该方法中,如要制备单晶,则在利用钙的还原处理中需要长时间,因此难以用于工业化生产。
以往,已知有通过一般的玻璃制备方法的熔融骤冷法,得到具有C12A7组成的玻璃的技术(参考非专利文献3),已知如果将该玻璃再加热使之结晶化,则生成钙铝石型化合物的C12A7。Li等人报道,通过空气中的熔融骤冷而得到的C12A7玻璃的再结晶化中必要的温度为940~1040℃,另外,生成的主要的晶相为钙铝石型化合物的C12A7结晶,得到作为副产物的CaAl2O4结晶(非专利文献4)。但是,这样得到的钙铝石型化合物为在空隙中具有游离氧的绝缘体。
细野等人发现,通过将C12A7结晶在碳坩锅中熔融制得的透明的玻璃在氧分压为10-11Pa的极低气氛中于1600℃再加热1小时,或者在真空中于1000℃再加热30分钟使之结晶化,生成导电性钙铝石型化合物(非专利文献5)。但是,再加热处理中需要在用于将玻璃再熔融的高温度以及极低氧分压的气氛或真空中进行再加热处理,因此难以使用该方法在工业上廉价且大量地生产。、
【专利文献1】WO 2005-000741号公报
【非专利文献1】F.M.Lea和C.H.Desch,The Chemistry of Cementand Concrete,第二版,p.52,Edward Arnold & Co.,伦敦,1956.
【非专利文献2】O.Yamaguchi,A.Narai,K.Shimizu,J.Am.Ceram.Soc.1986,69,C36.
【非专利文献3】今冈稔、ガラスハンドブック(昨花、高桥、境野编)、朝仓书店、880页(1975)
【非专利文献4】W.Li,B.S.Mitchell,J.Non-Cryst.Sol.1999,255(2,3),199.
【非专利文献5】S.W.Kim,M.Miyakawa,K.Hayashi,T.Sakai,M.Hirano和H.Hosono,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,http://pubs.acs.org/journals/jacsat/,网页发布日期:2005年1月15号)
发明的揭示
本发明的目的在于解决以往技术中存在的上述缺点。即,在以往技术中,为了制备导电性钙铝石,需要高额的设备、复杂的反应条件的控制、高温或长时间的反应。因此,难以稳定且低成本地制造具有良好特性的导电性钙铝石型化合物。
为了解决上述课题,本发明提供了导电性钙铝石型化合物的制造方法,它是包括将前体热处理的工序的导电性钙铝石型化合物的制造方法,其特征在于,上述前体为玻璃质或结晶质,含有Ca和Al,换算成氧化物的CaO∶Al2O3的摩尔比为12.6∶6.4~11.7∶7.3,且CaO与Al2O3的合计为50摩尔%以上,
上述热处理为将上述前体保持在热处理温度T为600~1415℃、且氧分压P02以Pa为单位在
P02≤105×exp[{-7.9×104/(T+273)}+14.4]所示范围的惰性气体或真空气氛中的热处理。
此时,上述前体优选为具有12CaO·7Al2O3这一代表组成、具有三维连接的由空隙构成的结晶结构的钙铝石型化合物,或者钙铝石型化合物的Ca和Al的一部分或全部被其它元素取代的同型化合物。
上述前体可以是含有的Ca的一部分或全部被相同原子数的Sr取代,或者也可以是含有的Al的一部分被相同的原子数的Si或Ge取代。
另外,上述前体也可以含有换算成氧化物合计为0~17摩尔%的选自Si、Ge和B的至少1种;换算成氧化物的合计为0~5摩尔%的选自Li、Na和K的至少1种;换算成氧化物的合计为0~10摩尔%的选自Mg和Ba的至少1种;换算成氧化物的合计为0~8摩尔%的选自(选自Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm和Yb的至少1种稀土类元素)和(选自Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni和Cu的至少1种过渡金属元素或典型金属元素)的至少1种。
本发明中,上述前体为玻璃质时,在上述热处理工序之前包括加热至950~1415℃的工序,或者也可以是上述热处理工序的热处理温度T为950~1415℃。或者,上述前体为除钙铝石型化合物之外的具有结晶结构的结晶质时,在上述热处理工序之前包括加热至1000~1415℃的工序,或者也可以是上述热处理工序的热处理温度T为1000~1415℃。
另外,本发明中,上述前体可以是粉末、将粉末冲压成形后的冲压成型体、将粉末冲压成型体烧结后得到的烧结体,也可以是板状。
另外,本发明中,优选将上述前体与选自碳、Al和Ti的任一种还原剂在容器中于密闭的气氛下进行热处理。
本发明还提供了由上述制造方法制得的导电率超过100S/cm的导电性钙铝石型化合物。
通过本发明的制造方法,可以不需要高额设备以及复杂的控制,就收率良好地合成具有良好导电性的导电性钙铝石型化合物,可以廉价大量地制造该化合物。另外,可以廉价地得到块状、粉状、膜状的导电性钙铝石型化合物。
附图说明
【图1】例1中热处理前的C12A7结晶粉末试样(A)及热处理后的导电性C12A7结晶粉末试样(B)的光吸收光谱的示图。
【图2】例5中热处理后的导电性C12A7结晶粉末试样(C)的ESR信号的示图。
【图3】本发明的热处理中,热处理气氛中允许的氧分压P02(纵轴)相对于热处理温度(横轴)而绘制的示图。
实施发明的最佳方式
本发明中作为用于制备导电性钙铝石型化合物的前体,可以使用下述(1)~(4)等。
(1)代表组成为12CaO·7Al2O3的绝缘性钙铝石型化合物、
(2)在保持该晶格的骨架与由骨架形成的空隙结构的范围内,将骨架或空隙中的阳离子或阴离子的一部分或全部取代的同型化合物(以下,将代表组成为12CaO·7Al2O3的绝缘性或导电性的钙铝石型化合物、其阳离子或阴离子被取代的同型化合物简称为C12A7化合物)、
(3)与上述C12A7化合物具有同等组成的玻璃、
(4)以与上述C12A7化合物相当的组成混合的具有除钙铝石型化合物以外的结晶结构的混合氧化物、单成分氧化物、碳酸化物以及氢氧化物等粉末的混合物(以下简称为混合原料)。
使用具有与上述C12A7化合物同等组成的玻璃作为前体时,优选在上述热处理工序之前,施加将前体加热至950~1415℃的工序,使C12A7化合物在前体的玻璃中析出之后进行上述热处理。另外也可以将上述热处理温度设在950~1415℃,在热处理工序中,使C12A7化合物从玻璃析出,同时生成导电性钙铝石型化合物。
使用上述混合原料作为前体时,优选在上述热处理工序之前,施加将前体加热至1000~1415℃的工序,通过混合粉末的固相反应生成C12A7化合物之后,进行上述热处理。或者也可以,使上述热处理温度为1000~1415℃,在热处理工序中,通过固相反应由混合原料生成C12A7化合物,同时生成导电性钙铝石型化合物。
通过在上述氧分压下、600~1415℃的热处理,引发游离氧从由作为前体使用的C12A7化合物、或者从玻璃质或混合原料生成的C12A7化合物抽出的反应,生成导电性钙铝石型化合物。接着,游离氧离子被运送到表面附近,游离氧或生成的电子扩散,使前体整体变化成导电性钙铝石型化合物。
作为上述混合原料可以是将构成上述C12A7化合物的单体元素的化合物,例如将碳酸钙、氧化铝以固定的组成比混合使用。另外,也可以使用Ca与Al的比例例如为3∶1或1∶1的铝酸钙化合物(分别称为C3A化合物、CA化合物)。另外,也可以将各种Ca/Al比的铝酸钙化合物类或与其同等组成的玻璃混合使用。
本发明中使用的前体含有Ca和Al。CaO和Al2O3是形成钙铝石型化合物的主要成分。上述前体中,换算成氧化物的CaO∶Al2O3的摩尔比为12.6∶6.4~11.7∶7.3,优选为12.3∶6.7~11.9∶7.1。另外,CaO与Al2O3的合计为50摩尔%以上、优选为75~100摩尔%。如果使前体为该组成,则可以提高通过热处理生成的导电性钙铝石型化合物的比例即收率,因此优选。
另外,上述前体中,在不损害本发明效果的范围内,也可以含有除Ca和Al之外的其它元素,例如Ca也可以一部分或全部被相同原子数的Sr取代。
即,作为上述C12A7化合物,具体可例举如下述的(1)~(4)等钙铝石型化合物以及同型化合物,但不限于此。
(1)C12A7化合物的骨架的一部分或全部的阳离子被取代的铝酸锶Sr12Al14O33、作为Ca与Sr的混合比任意变化的混晶的铝酸锶钙Ca12-xSrxAl14O33
(2)作为硅取代型钙铝石的Ca12Al10Si4O35
(3)空隙中的游离氧被OH-、F-、S2-、Cl-等阴离子取代了的例如Ca12Al14O32:2OH-或Ca12Al14O32:2F-
(4)阳离子和阴离子均被取代了的例如Wadalite Ca12Al10Si4O32:6Cl-
如果使上述前体含有Si、Ge或B,则上述前体的熔融温度下降,熔融变得容易,使熔融液固化时使之玻璃化可以均质化,可以成形。因此,可以得到希望大小、形状的块状的导电性钙铝石型化合物。另外,玻璃粉末的制备变得容易,因此优选。如果使之含有Si、Ge和B,并使其中任1种以上的换算成氧化物的合计为1.5摩尔%以上、优选为3~17摩尔%,则可以得到上述效果,因此优选。
另外,也可以以使其取代生成的导电性钙铝石型化合物中的Al的位置的方式含有Si或Ge,此时,通过掺杂效果具有使包接在该结晶的电子密度增大的效果。为了得到掺杂效果,优选为6摩尔%以上。Si、Ge或B的含量如果过多,则熔融温度再次上升。另外如果Si或Ge的含量过多,则不能得到掺杂效果。因此,Si、Ge或B的含量优选在17摩尔%以下。
Li、Na、K为使熔融温度降低的成分,优选以换算成氧化物的合计为0~5摩尔%的范围内使之含有任1种以上,更优选为0~3摩尔%。如果超过5摩尔%,则导电性下降。
Mg、Ba是使熔融温度降低的成分,优选以换算成氧化物的合计为0~10摩尔%的范围内使之含有任1种以上,更优选为0~5摩尔%。如果超过5摩尔%,则导电性下降。
另外,上述原料物质中也可以作为杂质,以换算成氧化物的合计为0~8摩尔%含有选自(选自Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm和Yb的至少一种以上的稀土类元素)和(选自Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni和Cu的至少一种以上的过渡金属元素或典型金属元素)的至少1种以上,优选为1摩尔%以下。本发明中制得的导电性钙铝石型化合物可以是阳离子、阴离子的一部分或全部被取代,也可以添加有其它化合物,也可以含有杂质。前体可以使用石灰石、熟石灰、生石灰、氧化铝、氢氧化氧化铝、铝土矿等工业用原料,铝残灰、玻璃、或者作为天然产出的矿物的钙铝石型岩石等。
为了促进游离氧离子的抽出反应,所述热处理为将上述前体保持在热处理温度T为600~1415℃、优选为1200~1415℃,且氧分压P02以Pa为单位在
P02≤105×exp[{-7.9×104/(T+273)}+14.4]  (1)
所示范围的惰性气体或真空气氛中来进行。即在横轴作为热处理温度、纵轴作为热处理气氛中的氧分压P02的绘制了(1)式的图3的曲线图中,阴影范围的热处理温度和氧分压P02的条件下进行热处理。
通过形成上述的热处理条件,促进了在前体表面的游离氧的抽出反应,同时前体中的游离氧的自身扩散系数增大,促进了游离氧离子的输送,可以将前体整体形成导电性良好的导电性钙铝石型化合物。
本发明中,通过将游离氧取代成电子,赋予钙铝石型化合物以导电性,该取代反应经过游离氧离子从整体(bulk)到表面的移动,以及表面的游离氧的抽出反应。对于作为钙铝石型化合物的代表组成的C12A7化合物,如果接下来的氧化反应假定为Ca12Al14O32:2e-+1/2O2=Ca12Al14O32:O2--ΔGC12A7,气氛的氧分压大致为PO2=(1/K)=exp(ΔGo/RT)以下时,K<1,在表面进行抽出反应。氧分压如果超过上述值,则在高温状态下导电性钙铝石化合物吸取了气氛中的氧,促进了空隙中的电子被取代成游离氧离子的反应,因此制成的钙铝石型化合物的导电性下降。
热处理温度如果超过1415℃,则前体熔融,因此不适宜。如果为1415℃以下,则由于不经过熔融液,因此可以用便宜的装置制造。如果不到600℃,则游离氧的抽出反应的进行速度慢,导电性钙铝石型化合物的生成需要长时间。如果为1200℃以上,则促进了游离氧的抽出反应,同时前体中的游离氧的自身扩散系数显著增大,缩短了导电性钙铝石型化合物生成所需要的时间,因此优选。
即使热处理温度为600~1415℃,当热处理气氛中的氧分压P02大于(1)式的右边时,也不能得到希望的导电性钙铝石型化合物。热处理气氛中的氧分压越低越好,但是如果不满10-34Pa,则所得导电性钙铝石型化合物的导电性的改善效果小,另外有可能导致成本的提高。
上述前体可以为粉状、块状、板状、片状、或者粉末的冲压体等任一种形态,但如果为粉末,则可以通过短时间的热处理得到良好导电率的导电性钙铝石型化合物,因此适宜。为此,粉末的平均粒径优选为1~100μm。另外,为了得到良好的导电性,更优选为10μm以下。平均粒径如果为1μm以下,则通过热处理粉末有可能凝集。
在本发明中的热处理温度下,由于可以促进游离氧离子的运送,因此可以使用块状或板状的玻璃、粉末的成形体以及烧结体的前体,可以得到板状或块状的导电性钙铝石型化合物。另外,也可以使用C12A7化合物的板状的单晶。还可以使用厚度约1cm的玻璃块。
如果将上述原料物质与还原剂一起装入到密封的容器中,保持在电炉内,通入氩气、氮气或者一氧化碳气体等不含氧气的气体,或抽成真空进行热处理,则残留或混入的氧气与还原剂反应而减少,因此可容易实现该低氧分压气氛,但是不限于此,也可以使用其他方法。
作为还原剂可以使用金属、金属间化合物、金属化合物、非金属或非金属化合物等,如果使用金属或碳,可以容易实现低氧分压,因此优选。特别是碳在本发明的热处理温度中不会熔融,因此使用方便,因而优选。用碳制成带盖的容器等可以密封的容器,将前体在该容器内进行热处理,则通过简单的构成可以实现前述的热处理气氛,因此优选。
使用碳作为还原剂时,为了得到良好导电性的导电性钙铝石型化合物,热处理温度优选为900℃以上。另外,使用铝或钛作为还原剂时,容易实现低氧分压的气氛,可以得到导电性优良的导电性钙铝石型化合物,因此优选。
使用A1作为还原剂时,如果使用氮气作为气氛气体,则由于热处理温度下Al与氮气反应,因此不适宜。即优选根据使用的还原剂来适当选择热处理气氛。
如果使用本发明的制造方法,则如上所述,可以不用高额设备、复杂的反应条件的控制,或者不需要高温或长时间的反应,就收率良好的合成导电性良好的导电性钙铝石化合物。
实施例
例1、例4、例5~8为实施例,例2、例3为比较例。
[例1]
将碳酸钙和氧化铝以换算成氧化物的CaO∶Al2O3的摩尔比为12∶7的比例混合,在大气气氛下,于1300℃保持6小时后冷却至室温,将所得的烧结物粉碎,得到粒径50μm的粉末。所得粉末(以下称为粉末A)为白色的绝缘体,经X射线衍射确认为具有钙铝石型结构的C12A7化合物。
将粉末A装入至带盖的碳容器中,在形成氧浓度为10体积ppm的氮气气氛的氮气流炉中使之升温至1300℃保持2小时来进行热处理。热处理中的容器内的气氛为通过由容器的碳对氧的吸收氧分压P02为1012Pa,满足上述(1)式的关系。
所得粉末(以下称为粉末B)呈深绿色,经X射线衍射测定确认具有钙铝石型结构的峰。另外,测定热处理前的绝缘性的C12A7结晶粉末试样(A)以及热处理后的结晶粉末试样(B)的光扩散反射光谱,将通过库贝卡-芒克(Kubelka-Munk)法变换而得的光吸收光谱示于图1的曲线。由此确认在粉末B中诱导了导电性钙铝石型化合物特有的以2.8eV为中心的强光吸收带,由该光吸收的强度可知,电子密度为1.6×1020/cm3,通过van der Pauw的方法具有超过1S/cm的电导率。由此确认,得到了导电性钙铝石型化合物粉末。
[例2~4]
除了将热处理温度设在1000℃、1100℃以及1200℃之外,与例1同样,于由碳吸收氧而保持在低氧分压的气氛中,对结晶粉末试样(A)进行热处理,分别得到例2~4的热处理物。热处理时的氧分压P02在例2、3中分别为10-14Pa、10-13.5Pa,没有满足(1)式的关系。在例4中为10-13Pa,满足(1)式的关系。
通过X射线衍射确认,所得的试样全部具有钙铝石型结构的峰。在1000℃及1100℃进行热处理的试样为白色、载流子(carrier)密度分别为1.4×1017/cm3、8.7×1017/cm3,为绝缘性。经在1200℃进行热处理的试样出现游离氧的抽出,呈现淡绿色,载流子密度为7.3×1018/cm3,为导电性。
[例5]
将粉末A冲压成型,形成纵×横×高约2cm×2cm×1cm的成型体,将其与金属铝一起装入到带盖的氧化铝容器中,在用旋转泵抽成真空的真空炉中使之升温至1300℃保持10小时,进行热处理。热处理中的容器内通过由一起装入容器的铝对氧的吸收,氧分压为10-21Pa呈低氧分压,是满足(1)式条件的气氛。
所得热处理物(结晶粉末试样(C))呈现黑茶色,经X射线衍射测定确定具有钙铝石型结构的峰。另外,由光吸收光谱可知电子密度为1.4×1021/cm3,经van der Pauw法确认具有120S/cm的电导率。另外,如图2所示可知,所得的热处理物的ESR信号为超过1021/cm3的高电子浓度的导电性钙铝石型化合物所特有的具有1.994的g值的非对称形状。由以上可以确认得到了导电性钙铝石型化合物。
[例6]
通过电弧放电熔融法,制备由(59.69CaO-32.21Al2O35.01SiO2-0.33Fe2O3-1.79TiO2-0.96MgO)组成的1cm见方的立方体形状的块状玻璃。将其作为前体,与例1同样操作,在满足(1)式的条件下进行热处理。热处理后的试样为绿色,经X射线衍射确认其具有钙铝石型结构的峰。通过光吸收光谱求得的载流子密度为2.5×1019/cm3,具有导电性。由以上可以确认得到了导电性钙铝石型化合物。
[例7、8]
对通过区域熔融法制得的C12A7单晶体进行加工,制得2块厚0.5mm、1cm见方的板状试样。分别将板状的C12A7单晶体与金属Ti一起装入二氧化硅玻璃管中,用旋转泵抽成真空之后密封,在电炉中分别将其在700℃保持12小时、在1000℃中保持120小时来进行热处理。热处理中的容器内的气氛通过一起装入至容器的金属Ti对氧的吸收,氧分压为在700℃时为10-33Pa、在1000℃时为10-22Pa的低氧分压,均满足(1)式的关系。
所得的热处理物呈黑茶色,经X射线衍射测定确定具有钙铝石型结构的峰。通过van der Pauw的方法、光扩散散射光谱测定可知,保持在700℃的试样的电导率为2S/cm、电子密度为3.8×1019/cm3,保持在1000℃的试样的电导率为930S/cm、电子密度为1.6×1021/cm3。由以上可知得到了导电性钙铝石型化合物。
产业上利用的可能性
通过本发明,可以不需要高额设备、且迅速通过低成本的工序来制造导电性钙铝石型化合物。另外,如果使用碳作为还原剂,则碳不容易混入制品中,因此可以得到高纯度的导电性钙铝石型化合物,不需要精制过程。
另外,作为原料没有必要合成C12A7或S12A7结晶化合物来使用,可以使用廉价的石灰石、熟石灰、生石灰、氧化铝、水酸化氧化铝、铝土矿、氧化铝残灰、玻璃体等,或天然产出的钙铝石型岩石,收率良好地制造导电性钙铝石型化合物,因此产业上有利。
另外,由于可以将导电性钙铝石型化合物作为场效应型的电子发射材料来使用,因此如果使用本发明的制造方法中制造的导电性钙铝石型化合物,则可以实现小型的电子发射装置、显示装置或X射线源。另外,作为电极材料可以作为有机EL装置中电荷注入材料这样的要求特殊的接合特性的导电体来利用。
另外,在此引用在2005年5月30日提出申请的日本专利申请2005-157882号的说明书、权利要求、附图以及摘要的全部内容,作为本发明的说明书的公开内容。

Claims (11)

1.导电性钙铝石型化合物的制造方法,它是包括将前体热处理的工序的导电性钙铝石型化合物的制造方法,其特征在于,
所述前体为玻璃质或结晶质,含有Ca和Al,换算成氧化物的CaO∶Al2O3的摩尔比为12.6∶6.4~11.7∶7.3,且CaO与Al2O3的合计为50摩尔%以上,
所述热处理为将所述前体保持在热处理温度T为600~1415℃、且氧分压P02以Pa为单位在
P02≤105×exp[{7.9×104/(T+273)}+14.4]
所示范围的惰性气体或真空气氛中的热处理。
2.如权利要求1所述的导电性钙铝石型化合物的制造方法,其特征在于,所述结晶质的前体为具有12CaO·7Al2O3这一组成、具有三维连接的由空隙构成的结晶结构的钙铝石型化合物,或者钙铝石型化合物的Ca和Al的一部分被其它元素取代的同型化合物。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的导电性钙铝石型化合物的制造方法,其特征在于,所述前体含有的Ca的一部分或全部被相同原子数的Sr取代。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的导电性钙铝石型化合物的制造方法,其特征在于,所述前体含有的Al的一部分被相同原子数的Si或Ge取代。
5.如权利要求1~4中任一项所述的导电性钙铝石型化合物的制造方法,其特征在于,所述前体含有:换算成氧化物合计为0~17摩尔%的选自Si、Ge和B的至少1种;换算成氧化物的合计为0~5摩尔%的选自Li、Na和K的至少1种;换算成氧化物的合计为0~10摩尔%的选自Mg和Ba的至少1种;换算成氧化物的合计为0~8摩尔%的选自(选自Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、D y、Ho、Er、Tm和Yb的至少1种稀土类元素)和(选自Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni和Cu的至少1种过渡金属元素或典型金属元素)的至少1种。
6.如权利要求1、3、4或5所述的导电性钙铝石型化合物的制造方法,其特征在于,所述前体为玻璃质,在所述热处理工序之前包括加热至950~1415℃的工序,或者所述热处理工序的热处理温度T为950~1415℃。
7.如权利要求1、3、4或5所述的导电性钙铝石型化合物的制造方法,其特征在于,所述前体为除钙铝石型化合物之外的具有结晶结构的结晶质,在所述热处理工序之前包括加热至1000~1415℃的工序,或者所述热处理工序的热处理温度T为1000~1415℃。
8.如权利要求1~7中任一项所述的导电性钙铝石型化合物的制造方法,其特征在于,所述前体为粉末、将粉末冲压成形后的冲压成型体、或者将粉末的冲压成型体烧结后得到的烧结体。
9.如权利要求1~7中任一项所述的导电性钙铝石型化合物的制造方法,其特征在于,所述前体为板状。
10.如权利要求1~7中任一项所述的导电性钙铝石型化合物的制造方法,其特征在于,将所述前体与选自碳、Al和Ti的任一种还原剂在容器中于密闭的气氛下进行热处理。
11.由权利要求1~10中任一项所述的方法制得的导电性钙铝石型化合物,其特征在于,导电率超过100S/cm。
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CN102131735A (zh) * 2008-08-27 2011-07-20 旭硝子株式会社 钙铝石型化合物及其制造方法
CN102307812A (zh) * 2009-02-05 2012-01-04 旭硝子株式会社 含钙铝石的氧化物的制造方法及含导电性钙铝石的氧化物的制造方法
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