CN101183573B - 制造电超导体的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种制造电超导体(7)的方法,按此方法,一个钇-钡-铜-氧化物(YBCO)层作为超导材料直接或在事先涂覆上一个垫层后施加在金属的织构化基层上并进行一次热处理。为此,首先在一个细长的金属载体(1)周围施加一个金属材料中间层(3),此金属材料与YBCO的晶体结构或与一个适用于涂覆YBCO的垫层(9)的结构相容。接着处理设有中间层(3)的载体(1),使中间层(3)作为YBCO材料层(6)或垫层(9)的金属基层获得预定的织构化。之后直接在织构化的中间层(3)或在事先在此中间层(3)上所涂覆的垫层(9)的周围施加超导的YBCO材料层(6),以及,最后实施热处理。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种制造电超导体的方法,按此方法,一个钇-钡-铜-氧化物(YBCO)层作为超导材料直接或在事先涂覆上一个垫层后施加在金属的织构化基层上并进行一次热处理(US-A-5739086)。
背景技术
电超导体用特殊材料组成,这种材料在温度足够低时转为超导状态。因此一种相应结构导体的电阻趋于零。适用的超导材料例如是YBCO(钇-钡-铜-氧化物)或BSCCO(铋-锶-钙-铜-氧化物)。为了达到超导状态,此类陶瓷材料足够低的温度例如在4K与110K之间。相应的超导材料称为高温超导体。适用的冷却剂例如是液态的氮、氦、氖和氢或这些物质的混合物。
前言提及的US-A-5739086介绍了制造高温超导体的不同方法。对于BSCCO超导体,将例如粉末状的BSCCO材料充填在银制管内并压缩。通过管的机械变形和接着的热处理(退火)达到超导状态。对于YBCO超导体(由于其杰出的电特性特别适用于电缆和绕组),在一条作为基层的例如双轴织构化金属带上,首先施加一个同样由金属组成的垫层,接着在此垫层上涂覆上YBCO材料。基层例如由镍、铜或铁或一种合金组成。对于垫层例如使用铜或银。最后YBCO材料同样通过热处理被置于超导状态。如此制成的超导体可以如已提及的那样有利地使用于电缆和电机和磁体的绕组。但在这里由于是带状,所以只能沿一个方向弯曲。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于,将前言所述方法设计成能提供一种更容易加工的YBCO基超导体。
上述技术问题通过这样一种制造电超导体的方法来解决,其中,一个钇-钡-铜-氧化物(YBCO)层作为超导材料直接或在事先涂覆上一个垫层后施加在金属的织构化基层上并进行一次热处理,按照该方法:
-首先在一个细长的金属载体周围施加一个金属材料中间层,此金属材料与YBCO的晶体结构或与一个适用于涂覆YBCO的垫层的结构相容,
-接着处理设有中间层的载体,使中间层作为YBCO材料层或垫层的金属基层获得预定的织构化,
-之后直接在织构化的中间层或在事先在此中间层上所涂覆的垫层的周围施加超导的YBCO材料层,以及
-最后实施热处理。
采用这种方法,获得一种可转化为超导状态具有优选地圆形横截面的电导体,它可以用与传统的线状导体相同的方式加工。不再要求导体弯曲时的特殊方向。因此它特别适用于制造电机和磁体的绕组,但也适用于在使用传统设备的情况下构成电缆。
附图说明
下面借助附图作为实施例说明按本发明的方法。
其中:
图1示意表示实施按本发明的方法的设备布局;
图2和3表示沿图1中线II-II和III-III的放大剖面图;
图4表示可用此方法制成的超导体的横截面。
具体实施方式
用1表示金属载体,它可设计为绳、索或管。它有利地有圆形横截面以及优选地由钢组成,也可以作为耐拉伸的中心元件用于一种要制造的超导体。载体1优选地有外径在0.5mm与3.0mm之间。
在设备2内,在载体1周围施加中间层3,它作为金属基层用于YBCO材料或用于一种适用的垫层,然后在此垫层上施加YBCO层。中间层3由一种金属材料,例如镍、铜或铁或一种合金组成,此金属材料与YBCO的晶体结构或与一个适用于涂覆YBCO的垫层的结构相容。为了施加中间层3可以采用一些普通的涂覆层方法,例如PVD法(Physical Vapor Deposition:物理汽相沉积)、CVD法(Chemical Vapor Deposition:化学汽相淀积)或CSD法(Chemical Solution Deposition:化学溶解沉积)。PVD法可以包括所有传统的真空涂覆法,例如溅射、电子束蒸镀和电弧蒸镀以及还有受离子支持的方法。
施加具有壁厚有利地处于20nm与1mm之间的中间层3材料。接着,对已涂覆该中间层的载体1在设备4内进行处理,使中间层3获得一种鲜明的织构化,以便有针对性地实现晶体的定向,在这种情况下使尽可能所有晶体互相平行地定向。因此,载体1在周围被一个封闭的织构化的用于YBCO或垫层的基层包围,在此基层上施加YBCO材料。
中间层3的织构化可以通过机械、热或有利地机械/热处理获得,或也可以通过使用磁场获得。在机械处理时,涂覆中间层的载体1可例如被轧制或特别有利地通过至少一个拉模拉拔以减小直径。相应的设备“W”和“Z”示意表示在图1的设备4中。在可有利地实施的热机械处理时,包围载体1的中间层3的厚度在室温与300℃之间的温度范围内通过拉伸减小到其原始横截面的约1%至5%。所述的减小理想地应分成多个步骤实现,例如每一步横截面减小不超过10%。接着,有利地在700℃至1200℃时实施再结晶退火。在这里,此温度取决于中间层3使用的合金。对于纯镍可采用温度为700℃,而对于添加5%钨的镍合金则施加1000℃至1100℃的温度。
为了通过磁性处理促使晶体定向,被中间层3包围的载体1可在设备4内通过相应的强力磁场拉伸。
中间层3经所述处理后可以在设备5内在其周围被施加一个YBCO材料层6,后者的厚度有利地可处于1μm至5μm之间。这仍可以用已提及的那些已知的涂覆方法实现,亦即例如PVD法、CVD法或CSD法。因此,在设备5之后存在一种带有超导的YBCO材料涂覆层的圆形导体7,它最后在一个设备8内为了获得超导性经受一次热处理,优选地退火。这有利地在温度为700℃至850℃时实施。
为了保护中间层3,在施加YBCO材料层6之前还可以在中间层周围施加一个封闭的厚度例如为100nm至200nm的垫层9(图4),它例如由陶瓷组成。适用的材料例如是铈-氧化物或镧-锆-氧化物。垫层9可借助那些针对中间层3和YBCO材料层6已说明的相同的涂覆方法施加。然后,在垫层9上如已说明的那样施加YBCO材料层6,以及接着还要在设备8内进行热处理。
所述的垫层9可例如由锆酸镧(La2Zr2O7)组成。它例如通过中间层3在一种溶液内浸涂获得,在溶液内所述锆酸镧材料溶解在丙酸中。载体1被牵引通过该溶液。一种液态的且接着(溶剂蒸发)被干燥的层均匀地留在载体1表面上。然后该干燥层被导引通过约1000℃的退火炉,从而使有机成分分解并随过程气体排出。一个外延生长的La2Zr2O7层留在中间层3上,接着可以在La2Zr2O7层上同样外延施加YBCO材料层6。
Claims (6)
1.一种制造电超导体的方法,其中,一个YBCO层作为超导材料施加在金属的基层上并进行一次热处理,其特征为:
-首先在一个细长的带有圆形横截面的金属载体(1)周围施加一个金属材料中间层(3),此金属材料与YBCO的晶体结构相容,
-接着处理这个设有中间层(3)的载体(1),使该中间层(3)作为YBCO材料层(6)的金属基层获得预定的织构化,
-在中间层(3)织构化之后在该中间层上涂覆一个适用于涂覆YBCO的,周围封闭的垫层(9),该垫层由陶瓷组成并具有在100nm至200nm之间的厚度,
-之后围绕设有中间层(3)和垫层(9)的载体(1)的周围施加超导的YBCO材料层(6),以及
-最后实施热处理。
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征为,采用锆酸镧作为所述垫层(9)的材料。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征为,所述中间层(3)通过机械变形织构化。
4.按照权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征为,所述中间层(3)通过热处理织构化。
5.按照权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征为,所述中间层(3)通过热机械处理织构化。
6.按照权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征为,所述中间层(3)通过使用磁场织构化。
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JPS647423A (en) * | 1987-06-30 | 1989-01-11 | Showa Electric Wire & Cable Co | Manufacture of ceramic superconductive wire |
JPS647420A (en) * | 1987-06-30 | 1989-01-11 | Showa Electric Wire & Cable Co | Manufacture of ceramic superconductive wire |
JP2557442B2 (ja) * | 1988-01-22 | 1996-11-27 | 北陸電力株式会社 | 酸化物超電導線材 |
JPH0227612A (ja) * | 1988-07-15 | 1990-01-30 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | 酸化物系超電導線材 |
JP2879346B2 (ja) * | 1989-07-03 | 1999-04-05 | 東邦レーヨン株式会社 | 超電導繊維材料 |
JP3397474B2 (ja) * | 1994-09-30 | 2003-04-14 | キヤノン株式会社 | 超伝導線 |
US5872081A (en) * | 1995-04-07 | 1999-02-16 | General Atomics | Compositions for melt processing high temperature superconductor |
EP0977282B1 (en) | 1998-07-30 | 2005-05-25 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Oxide superconductor on core type wire |
JP4513142B2 (ja) * | 1998-07-30 | 2010-07-28 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 酸化物超電導素線とそれを集合した酸化物超電導導体および酸化物超電導素線の製造方法 |
JP2000268649A (ja) * | 1999-03-18 | 2000-09-29 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 酸化物超電導線材およびその製造方法 |
US6436317B1 (en) * | 1999-05-28 | 2002-08-20 | American Superconductor Corporation | Oxide bronze compositions and textured articles manufactured in accordance therewith |
ATE407456T1 (de) * | 2002-10-04 | 2008-09-15 | Nexans | Metall-keramik-hochtemperatursupraleiterverbund und verfahren zur verbindung eines keramikhochtemperatursupraleiters mit einem metall |
AU2002364254A1 (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2004-07-22 | Midwest Research Institute | Electrodeposition of biaxial textured films |
EP1858091B1 (en) * | 2006-05-18 | 2011-04-13 | Nexans | Conductor coated with a polycrystalline film useful for the production of high temperatures superconductor layers |
EP1898475B1 (en) * | 2006-09-05 | 2014-01-08 | Nexans | Resistive high temperature superconductor fault current limiter |
DK1916720T3 (da) * | 2006-10-27 | 2009-04-14 | Nexans | Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af en elektrisk leder med superledningsevne |
EP2012373B1 (en) * | 2007-07-02 | 2011-10-19 | Nexans | Process for the production of a coated conductor with simplified layer architecture |
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2006
- 2006-11-17 DE DE502006008727T patent/DE502006008727D1/de active Active
- 2006-11-17 EP EP06291793A patent/EP1923926B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-11-17 ES ES06291793T patent/ES2356755T3/es active Active
- 2006-11-17 AT AT06291793T patent/ATE495552T1/de active
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2007
- 2007-10-23 US US11/977,150 patent/US7737086B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-10-23 JP JP2007274922A patent/JP5219454B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-11-16 KR KR1020070117568A patent/KR20080045080A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2007-11-19 CN CN2007101870736A patent/CN101183573B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US5968877A (en) * | 1995-04-10 | 1999-10-19 | Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corp | High Tc YBCO superconductor deposited on biaxially textured Ni substrate |
WO1997017733A1 (en) * | 1995-11-07 | 1997-05-15 | American Superconductor Corporation | Processing of oxide superconductor cables |
Also Published As
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US7737086B2 (en) | 2010-06-15 |
JP5219454B2 (ja) | 2013-06-26 |
US20080119365A1 (en) | 2008-05-22 |
EP1923926B1 (de) | 2011-01-12 |
ES2356755T3 (es) | 2011-04-12 |
KR20080045080A (ko) | 2008-05-22 |
ATE495552T1 (de) | 2011-01-15 |
EP1923926A1 (de) | 2008-05-21 |
CN101183573A (zh) | 2008-05-21 |
JP2008130550A (ja) | 2008-06-05 |
DE502006008727D1 (de) | 2011-02-24 |
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