CN101170915B - 姜黄素、去甲氧基姜黄素、二去甲氧基姜黄素的酰基衍生物或姜黄素异噁唑物和它们作为动物饲料添加剂的用途 - Google Patents
姜黄素、去甲氧基姜黄素、二去甲氧基姜黄素的酰基衍生物或姜黄素异噁唑物和它们作为动物饲料添加剂的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101170915B CN101170915B CN2006800153157A CN200680015315A CN101170915B CN 101170915 B CN101170915 B CN 101170915B CN 2006800153157 A CN2006800153157 A CN 2006800153157A CN 200680015315 A CN200680015315 A CN 200680015315A CN 101170915 B CN101170915 B CN 101170915B
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- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/02—Esters of acyclic saturated monocarboxylic acids having the carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom or to hydrogen
- C07C69/22—Esters of acyclic saturated monocarboxylic acids having the carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom or to hydrogen having three or more carbon atoms in the acid moiety
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- C07C229/00—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C229/02—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
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- C07C229/00—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
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- C07C229/12—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton the nitrogen atom of the amino group being further bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings to carbon atoms of acyclic carbon skeletons
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- C07C233/00—Carboxylic acid amides
- C07C233/01—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
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- C07C233/47—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by carboxyl groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by an acyclic carbon atom having the carbon atom of the carboxamide group bound to a hydrogen atom or to a carbon atom of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton
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- C07C305/00—Esters of sulfuric acids
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- C07C305/24—Esters of sulfuric acids having oxygen atoms of sulfate groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of non-condensed six-membered aromatic rings
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- C07C69/34—Esters of acyclic saturated polycarboxylic acids having an esterified carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom
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- C07C69/52—Esters of acyclic unsaturated carboxylic acids having the esterified carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom
- C07C69/587—Monocarboxylic acid esters having at least two carbon-to-carbon double bonds
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- C07C69/84—Esters of carboxylic acids having a carboxyl group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring of monocyclic hydroxy carboxylic acids, the hydroxy groups and the carboxyl groups of which are bound to carbon atoms of a six-membered aromatic ring
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Abstract
本发明涉及姜黄素、去甲氧基姜黄素和二去甲氧基姜黄素的酰基衍生物和姜黄素异噁唑物作为用于改善动物机能的动物饲料组分或饲料添加剂的用途,新型的酰基衍生物本身以及含有上述衍生物的相应的动物饲料或饲料添加剂。
Description
本发明涉及姜黄素衍生物和它们的用途。更确切地,本发明涉及新型的和已知的姜黄素、去甲氧基姜黄素和二去甲氧基姜黄素的酰基衍生物和姜黄素异噁唑物(curcuminisoxazolide)作为动物饲料组分或饲料添加剂的用途,并且涉及新型的姜黄素、去甲氧基姜黄素和二去甲氧基姜黄素的酰基衍生物本身和含有上述化合物的组合物、饲料添加剂和饲料。
姜黄素、去甲氧基姜黄素和二去甲氧基姜黄素是已知的、天然存在的化合物,该种化合物具有各种生物活性,例如,抗氧化性、抗炎性、抗病毒性和抗癌性。
WO 2004/031122 A1公开了用在化妆品、医药品和用于营养品的新型姜黄素和四氢姜黄素衍生物。据说,该种新型的衍生物尤其适于作为自由基拦截剂,用于护理和保护皮肤,尤其是敏感皮肤和由于本身和/或外在因素导致已经老化或正在老化的皮肤;用于治疗和预防由化妆品或皮肤病引起的皮肤改变,例如,皮炎、明显的增生和不希望的色素沉着(色素沉着过度和色素减少);用于预防和/或治疗皮肤炎症,例如,牛皮癣;和用于预防和/或治疗癌症。
正如在WO 2004/031122 A1(第5页)中所描述的,许多用户建议姜黄素和其配制品作为食品添加剂、抗衰老剂和用于治疗人类疾病的其它制剂。然而,还注意到,一方面口服姜黄素由于其溶解性较低在人体内具有较低活性,另一方面,对于医药品和化妆品制剂的制备,姜黄素的低溶解性也是一个问题。最后,发现姜黄素在生理学条件下相对不稳定。根据WO 2004/031122所公开的内容,这些缺陷通过如下方法来克服:在医药品和化妆品制剂中使用与有机酸进行单酯化和二酯化的姜黄素,或使用与有机酸进行单酯化和二酯化的姜黄素作为食品和饲料添加剂。适于上述用途的有机酸是带有1到30个碳原子的直链或支化链的饱和或不饱和一元羧酸或多元羧酸,优选具有11、14、16或18个碳原子的脂肪酸。所公开的尤其有用的是经羟基化的脂肪酸,例如,9-羟基-10-反式-12-顺式-辛二烯酸和13-羟基-10-反式-12-顺式-辛二烯酸。
WO 2004/031122 A1中公开的化合物适于局部施用,另一方面,所述化合物的特征在于,相对于水解具有较高的稳定性。根据酰基残基的性质,这些化合物相对于基料姜黄素具有较高的亲脂性或亲水性。它们在化妆品和医药品制剂中用于局部施用,以治疗以上已经提及的皮肤疾病。
本发明的目的在于,找到一种相对于姜黄素和其类似物(去甲氧基姜黄素和二去甲氧基姜黄素)及其已知的酰基衍生物具有有利性质的新型姜黄素衍生物。考虑到在动物饲料中禁止使用抗生素的要求不断增强,相应地找到能够替代动物饲料和饲料添加剂中的抗生素的化合物的需求也不断增强,因此,该目的包括,确认能够作为抗生素的替代品的姜黄素衍生物。另一目的在于,为已知的和新型的姜黄素衍生物寻找有利的新用途。
上述目的通过本发明来实现。
本发明提供了,姜黄素异噁唑物和姜黄素、去甲氧基姜黄素和二去甲氧基姜黄素的酰基衍生物作为动物饲料的组分或饲料添加剂的用途,其中,这些衍生物如下式IA:
其中,
R1和R2是相同或不同的,表示氢或甲氧基;
R3和R4是相同或不同的,其中至少一个是选自以下的酰基残基
(a)硫酸和磷酸和其盐;
(b)脂肪族、芳族或芳基脂肪族有机酸;
(c)式-CO-OR5,
其中R5=C1-6-烷基;
(d)式-CO-(CH2)p-R6、-CO-(CH2)q-N+(R8)3Y-、-CO-(CH2)q-NH-COR9或-CO-NH-(CH2)q-COOR5,
其中,
p=0或1,
q=1-6的整数,
Y-=是无机酸的阴离子,
R6=-NHR7、-NR5R7、-CH(OH)R5或-CH(OR9)R5,
R7=H或C1-6-烷基,
R8=H或C1-4-烷基,
R9=C1-5-烷酰基,或
(e)式-CO-NH-(CH2)q-R10,
其中,R10=H、C1-6-烷基或-COOC1-6-烷基,
如果R3和R4中仅一个是酰基,则另一个是氢;
或者这些衍生物如下式IB
其中,
A是基团-CO-CHR9-CO-或-CR10R11-CO-,
其中,R9=H或C1-4-烷基,
R10=H且R11=H、C1-12-烷基、-[CH(OH)]n-CH2OH、-(CH2)m-COOH、-(CH2)m-苯基或-(CHOH)-COOH,
或者R10=R11=-CH2-COOH,
或者R10+R11=氧,
n和m是0-4的整数;
或者这些衍生物如下式IC
其中,R1和R2如上所定义,X-=OH、Cl-或HSO4 -;
或者,本发明提供了上述衍生物用于制备改善动物机能的组合物,尤其是用于制备作为具有胃肠道微生物群落调节剂的活性、可通过动物饲料施用的组合物的用途。
在本发明的本方面的特定实施方式中,酰基衍生物是如以下式IA的衍生物,
-其中,R1和R2是甲氧基;
-其中,R1和R2的其中之一是甲氧基,另一个是氢;
-其中,R1和R2是氢;
-其中,R3和R4相同;
-其中,R3和R4的其中至少一个表示选自基团(a)的酰基残基;
-其中,R3和R4的其中至少一个表示选自基团(b)的酰基残基;
-其中,R3和R4的其中至少一个表示选自基团(c)的酰基残基;
-其中,R3和R4的其中至少一个表示基团(d)的式-CO-(CH2)p-R6酰基残基;
-其中,R3和R4的其中至少一个表示基团(d)的式-CO-(CH2)p-NHR7酰基残基;
-其中,R3和R4的其中至少一个表示基团(d)的式-CO-(CH2)P-NR5R7酰基残基;
-其中,R3和R4的其中至少一个表示基团(d)的式-CO-(CH2)P-CH(OH)R5酰基残基;
-其中,R3和R4的其中至少一个表示基团(d)的式-CO-(CH2)P-CH(OR9)R5酰基残基;
-其中,R3和R4的其中至少-个表示基团(d)的式-CO-(CH2)q-N+(R8)3Y-酰基残基;
-其中,R3和R4的其中至少一个表示基团(d)的式-CO-(CH2)q-NH-COR9酰基残基;
-其中,R3和R4的其中至少一个表示基团(d)的式-CO-NH-(CH2)q-COOR5酰基残基;
-其中,R3和R4的其中至少一个表示基团(e)的式-CO-NH-(CH2)qH酰基残基;
-其中,R3和R4的其中至少一个表示基团(e)的式-CO-NH-(CH2)q-C1-6-烷基的酰基残基;
-其中,R3和R4的其中至少一个表示基团(e)的式-CO-NH-(CH2)q-COOC1-6-烷基的酰基残基,
或者上述酰基衍生物是如以下式IB的衍生物
-其中,A是基团-CO-CHR9-CO-;
-其中,A是基团-CR10R11-CO;
-其中,R10和R11各自是-CH2-COOH;
-其中,R10和R11合并为氧,
或者上述酰基衍生物是如式IC的衍生物。
另一方面,本发明提供了具有下式I的新型的姜黄素(除非另有明确声明,以下所使用的该术语包括姜黄素、去甲氧基姜黄素和二去甲氧基姜黄素)的酰基衍生物,
其中,
R1和R2是相同或不同的,表示氢或甲氧基;
R3和R4是相同或不同的,其中至少一个是选自如下的酰基残基;
(a)磷酸和其盐;
(b)氨基酸、羟基-C3-6-脂肪族酸或芳族酸或芳基脂肪族酸;
(c)式-CO-OR5,
其中R5=C1-6烷基;或
(d)式-CO-(CH2)p-R6、-CO-(CH2)q-N+(R8)3Y-、-CO-(CH2)q-NH-COR9或-CO-NH-(CH2)q-COOR5,
其中,p=0或1,
q=1-6的整数,
Y-=无机酸的阴离子,
R6=-NHR7、-NR5R7、-CH(OH)R5或-CH(OR9)R5,
R7=H或C1-6-烷基,
R8=H或C1-4-烷基,
R9=C1-5-烷酰基,或
(e)式-CO-NH-(CH2)q-R10,
其中,R10=H、C1-6-烷基或-COOC1-6-烷基,
如果R3和R4中仅一个是酰基,则另一个是氢;
附带条件是,当R1和R2都是甲氧基时,R3和/或R4不是甲氧基羰基、乙氧基羰基、甘氨酰基、苯甲酰基或烟酰基。
本发明以上方面的特定实施方式是式I姜黄素的酰基衍生物,
-其中,R3和R4的其中至少一个表示选自基团(a)的酰基残基;
-其中,R3和R4的其中至少一个表示选自基团(b)的酰基残基,附带条件是,当R1和R2都是甲氧基时,R3和/或R4不是甘氨酰基、苯甲酰基或烟酰基;
-其中,R3和R4的其中至少一个表示羟基-C3-6-脂肪族酸的酰基残基;
-其中,R3和R4的其中至少一个表示具有至少三个碳原子的氨基酸的酰基残基;
-其中,R3和R4的其中至少一个表示芳族酸的酰基残基,附带条件是,当R1和R2都是甲氧基时,R3和/或R4不是苯甲酰基或烟酰基;
-其中,R3和R4的其中至少一个表示芳基脂肪族酸的酰基残基;
-其中,R3和R4的其中至少一个表示选自基团(c)的酰基残基,附带条件是,当R1和R2都是甲氧基时,R3和/或R4不是甲氧基羰基或乙氧基羰基;
-其中,R3和R4的其中至少一个表示式-CO-(CH2)P-R6酰基残基;
-其中,R3和R4的其中至少一个表示基团(d)的式-CO-(CH2)P-NHR7酰基残基;
-其中,R3和R4的其中至少一个表示基团(d)的式-CO-(CH2)P-NR5R7酰基残基;
-其中,R3和R4的其中至少一个表示基团(d)的式-CO-(CH2)P-CH(OH)R5酰基残基;
-其中,R3和R4的其中至少一个表示基团(d)的式-CO-(CH2)P-CH(OR9)R5酰基残基;
-其中,R3和R4的其中至少一个表示基团(d)的式-CO-(CH2)q-N+(R8)3Y-酰基残基;
-其中,R3和R4的其中至少一个表示基团(d)的式-CO-(CH2)q-NH-COR9酰基残基;
-其中,R3和R4的其中至少一个表示基团(d)的式-CO-NH-(CH2)q-COOR5酰基残基;
-其中,R3和R4的其中至少一个表示基团(e)的式-CO-NH-(CH2)qH酰基残基;
-其中,R3和R4的其中至少一个表示基团(e)的式-CO-NH-(CH2)q-C1-6-烷基的酰基残基;
-其中,R3和R4的其中至少一个表示基团(e)的式-CO-NH-(CH2)q-COOC1-6-烷基的酰基残基。
最后,本发明提供了含有上述姜黄素异噁唑物和新型姜黄素衍生物其中至少一种的组合物,基于上述新型姜黄素衍生物的动物饲料添加剂,和含有上述新型姜黄素衍生物或组合物作为添加剂的动物饲料。
根据本发明的姜黄素衍生物的酰基由在生理学上可接受的有机和无机酸衍生得到。
在式I中概括的新型姜黄素-丙烯酸酯、去甲氧基姜黄素-丙烯酸酯和二去甲氧基姜黄素-丙烯酸酯中,优选的组是姜黄素丙烯酸酯,在各组化合物中,R3=R4的化合物再次被优选。
脂肪族酸可以是直链或支化链的饱和或不饱和一元羧酸,该羧酸可以被环烃基(例如,苯基、环己基或环己烯基)或杂环基团取代。二元羧酸应当被单酯化,三元羧酸应当被二酯化(用C1-6烷醇进行酯化),例如,草酸、丁二酸或马来酸的单甲酯或单乙酯,柠檬酸的二乙酯或二甲酯。饱和直链和支化链的一元羧酸可以具有1-20个碳原子,具体为例如甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、异戊酸、己酸、癸酸、十四烷酸、十六烷酸、十八烷酸或3,7,11,1 5-四甲基十六烷酸(植烷酸)。具有一个或更多个双键或三键的相应不饱和羧酸可以具有3-22个碳原子,具体为例如丙烯酸、丁烯酸、2,4-己二烯酸、肉桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈油酸、油酸、α-亚麻酸、γ-亚麻酸、亚油酸、花生四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)、二十二碳五烯酸(DPA)、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)。优选的是ω-3和ω-6族的多不饱和脂肪族的一元羧酸(PUFAs)。天然存在的饱和不饱和羧酸或脂肪酸,尤其是当从例如植物油和动物油(由甘油酯水解得到)中分离出来时,不仅可以在其彼此被分离并高度纯化后被使用,也可以作为或多或少被纯化的、稳定的任意组合物的混合物被使用,后种使用方式结果得到相应的经酰化的姜黄素的混合物,。根据本发明,上述混合物可以被使用,无需进一步分离和/或纯化。
具有至多10个碳原子的饱和和不饱和脂肪族二元羧酸或三元羧酸的例子是草酸、丙二酸、丁二酸、戊二酸、庚二酸、癸二酸、马来酸、富马酸、柠康酸、中康酸和柠檬酸,这些酸可以以它们单酯(二元羧酸)或二酯(三元羧酸)的形式被使用。芳族酸可以是一价酸、二价酸或三价酸,该酸可以具有5到20个碳原子,并且可以包括碳环或杂环单环或稠环体系。杂环体系可以包含一个或更多个选自氧、硫和氮的杂原子。芳族酸的例子是苯甲酸和酰基化的羟基苯甲酸、糠酸、噻吩甲酸和2-,3-或4-吡啶羧酸。
优选的芳基脂肪族酸是苯基乙酸、扁桃酸和其C1-4-酰化产物以及对-甲氧基扁桃酸和其C1-4-酰化产物。与脂肪族酸的情况相同,二价或三价芳族酸分别采用C1-6烷醇单酯化或双酯化。
上述脂肪族酸和芳族酸可以被例如氨基、羟基和/或氧代基团的反应性基团取代,从而形成氨基酸、含羟基或羰基的酸。这些被取代酸中,具体的是,α-和β-氨基酸(尤其是天然存在的α-氨基酸);酮酸,例如丙酮酸和酮戊二酸;脂肪族和芳族羟基酸。脂肪族羟基酸的例子为乳糖酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸和糖酸,即,葡糖酸、糖醛酸和甘油酸,例如,D-葡萄糖酸、D-葡萄糖醛酸和半乳糖二酸(或粘酸)。芳族羟基酸的例子是具有一个、两个或三个羟基的石碳酸,如,邻-、间-、对-羟基苯甲酸、对-香豆酸、咖啡酸和阿魏酸。
酰基残基中存在的氨基可以通过酰化作用进行改性,而酰基残基中存在的羟基可以通过例如酯化作用或醚化作用进行改性。所得经改性的酰基基团包括在本发明所使用的术语“酰基衍生物”中。
残基R8、R5和R7代表的C1-4-或C1-6-烷基的例子是,甲基、乙基、丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、戊基和己基。术语C1-5-烷酰基被定义为C1-4-烷基-羰基。在C1-12-烷基中,优选C1-4-烷基。
术语碱金属指Li、Na和K,而术语碱土金属意指Mg和Ca。术语无机酸的阴离子指硫酸、硫酸一甲酯、甲磺酸和卤化氢的阴离子,即,1/2SO4 -或MeOSO3 -或MeSO3 -和Hal-。Hal-表示Cl-、Br-和I-。
本发明的酰基衍生物直到目前为止是未知的并未描述如何制备,它可以根据本身已知的方法将酚羟基进行酯化反应来制备。因此,姜黄素、去甲氧基姜黄素或二去甲氧基姜黄素与相应的酸RCOOH本身,其酰氯化物RCOC1或酸酐(RCO)2O进行反应。
将与酰氯化合物或酸酐进行酯化反应时,反应通常在惰性溶剂中并在有机碱的存在下进行。作为溶剂(在悬浮液而非溶液的情况下,其可充当分散介质),通常使用低级卤代烃,例如,二氯甲烷或氯仿;低级脂肪醚或环醚,例如,二乙基醚、四氢呋喃或二氧杂环己烷;芳族烃,例如,甲苯;低级脂肪族酮,例如,丙酮。合适的碱为低级的三烷基胺,例如,三乙基胺;吡啶;或二(低级烷基)-氨基吡啶,例如,二甲基氨基吡啶。根据需要单酰基衍生物还是二酰基衍生物,姜黄素∶酰氯化物或酸酐∶碱的摩尔比通常在1∶1-6∶2-10的范围内。在优选二酰基衍生物的情况下,建议使用过量的酰化试剂,即,超过两摩尔当量的酰化试剂。而且,酯化反应通常在约-10℃到约+100℃,优选约0℃到约60℃,最优选约20℃到约40℃的温度范围内实施。在上述条件下,酯化反应从反应开始到完成一般需要约1到24小时,通常需要约2-6小时。已经发现在惰性气氛中(优选使用氮气或氩气作为惰性气体)实现酯化反应是有利的。而且,当碱采用三乙胺时,已经发现在特别慢的反应中,采用至多为其约20%摩尔量的4-二甲基氨基吡啶补充上述碱是有利的。
当酸本身被用于酯化姜黄素时,关于溶剂/分散介质和反应温度的条件通常与采用酰氯或酸酐进行酯化反应所采用的条件类似。然而,在这种情况下,通常使用脱水剂替代碱。在可选存在的例如N-羟基苯并三唑的酯化催化剂的存在下,特别合适的脱水剂是二环己基碳二亚胺。姜黄素∶羧酸∶脱水剂∶酯化催化剂的摩尔比通常在1∶1-6∶1-7∶0-1的范围内。利用适当的羧酸进行的酯化反应通常在几分钟到约18小时内完成。
在上述所有情况下,产物(即,式I的姜黄素酰基衍生物)可以通过本身已知的方法进行分离和纯化,例如,通过添加例如甲醇的溶剂以促使粗产物从反应后的混合物中分离,将收集到的粗产物进行色谱分离和/或结晶。
式IB和IC的姜黄素硼酸酯衍生物,例如,硼酸酯-柠檬酸酯-姜黄素和二姜黄素-硼酸酯-硫酸酯可以根据H.J.Roth等在Archiv der Pharmazie297,660-673(1964)中描述的或以类似的方式进行制备。
本发明的酰基衍生物和包含该酰基衍生物的组合物改善了动物的机能(即一般健康状况),并且改善了饲养过程中体重的增加。本发明的衍生物具体可被作为动物胃肠道微生物群落的调节剂,该微生物群落对于动物健康状况(包括体重增加)很重要。本发明姜黄素酰基衍生物在这一点上的积极作用可能至少部分上是基于它们对潜在的致病微生物的抑制作用,例如基于抗菌性。因此,它们可以用作饲料添加剂,或者通过将其以提供所需或所期望的日摄取的量与用于各种动物的常规动物饲料或其成分进行混合,用于饲料添加剂或饲料的制备。需要这种添加剂的动物包括例如反刍动物、猪、牛犊、马、宠物的哺乳动物,例如家禽(鸡、母鸡、鹅、鸭、火鸡)的鸟类,鱼和动物园动物。本发明的酰基衍生物优选饲养的动物是家畜。
通过饲料摄入提供给动物的式I化合物的日常剂量依赖于动物的种类和其健康状况。通常,剂量应当在约50到约1000mg,优选约100到约500mg化合物每kg饲料的范围内。
相应地,用在动物中并且用于制备饲料添加剂和饲料的浓缩组合物可以根据本领域公知的方法进行制备。
然而,式I化合物还可以以药物制剂的形式给药给需要其的动物,这尤其是用于兽医用途。
本发明酰基衍生物的制备方法通过以下实施例更详细地进行说明。
实施例1
将7.47ml(24.7mmol)棕榈酰氯在30ml甲苯总的溶液在0℃下缓缓加入3.68g(10mmol)姜黄素在10ml四氢呋喃和10ml吡啶中的溶液中。在室温下额外搅拌30分钟后,加入20ml水和20ml甲苯,并将混合物在60℃下进行搅拌。将水相分离出来,并将有机相用水洗涤两次。将有机相蒸发至干燥,固体残余物从乙酸乙酯中结晶,得到7.52g姜黄素二棕榈酸酯,熔点95-96℃。
实施例2
将10.2ml(约2.5摩尔)丙酰基甲酸酯的四氢呋喃溶液缓缓加入3.68g(10mmol)姜黄素在20ml四氢呋喃和5ml吡啶中的溶液中。在0℃下搅拌1小时后,将该混合物加入50ml水中,并用乙酸乙酯进行萃取。将有机相用水洗涤两次。将有机相蒸发至干燥,固体残余物从乙酸乙酯中结晶,得到2.6g姜黄素二甲酸酯黄色晶体,熔点153-156℃。
实施例3
将1.91g(12.5mmol)磷酰氯(phosphoroxichloride)在2.5ml甲苯中的溶液在-50℃下加入1.84g(5mmol)姜黄素在5ml吡啶和2.5ml甲苯中的溶液中。将混合物在-40℃下搅拌3小时。将冰冷的黄色悬浮液在0℃下加入乙腈和水的溶液中。该溶液通过添加6ml约25%的氢氧化铵溶液进行轻微碱化。该溶液在真空下蒸发,残余物在RP柱中采用水-乙腈-碳酸铵缓冲液通过色谱进行纯化。将含产物级分收集起来,并在真空下蒸发至干燥,得到1.83g姜黄素二磷酸酯铵盐黄色晶体,熔点170-180℃(dec.)。
实施例4
将3.98g三氧化硫/吡啶配合物在室温下、惰性气氛下加入3.68g(10mmol)姜黄素在20ml吡啶中的溶液中。将混合物室在温下搅拌24小时。该溶液通过添加约30ml 2N的氢氧化铵溶液进行轻微碱化。该溶剂在真空下蒸发。残余物在RP柱中采用水-乙腈-碳酸铵缓冲液通过色谱进行纯化。将含产物级分收集起来,并蒸发至干燥,得到3.65g姜黄素二硫酸酯铵盐黄色晶体,熔点170-176℃(dec.)。
实施例5
将40mg对甲苯磺酸在4℃下加入1.08g(12mmol)L-乳酸在20ml二氯甲烷和1.09g二氢吡喃的悬浮液中。待乳酸完全溶解后,在0℃下依次加入0.05ml三乙胺和1.95g(12mmol)羰基二咪唑。在室温下搅拌1小时后,加入1.47g(4mmol)姜黄素。搅拌24小时后,将混合物采用乙腈进行稀释,并通过添加18ml 2N的盐酸进行酸化。在室温下搅拌至完全脱保护后,将混合物采用乙酸乙酯进行萃取。将有机相用水进行洗涤。将有机相进行分离并蒸发至干燥。将残余物在硅胶柱上采用甲苯∶丙酮∶乙酸(85∶13∶2,v/v)进行色谱分离。将含产物级分收集起来,进行蒸发,将残余物从乙酸乙酯中结晶,得到0.3g姜黄素二乳酸酯,熔点152-154℃。
实施例6
将4.95g二环己基碳二亚胺(36mmol)加入经搅拌的3.68g(10mmol)姜黄素、4.04g(36mmol)山梨酸和0.1g羟基苯开三唑水合物在20ml四氢呋喃和1ml吡啶中的混合物中。将混合物在室温下搅拌24小时,在40℃下搅拌3天后,将混合物在硅胶柱上进行色谱分离,得到1.7g粗产物,该粗产物从二氯甲烷中结晶后,得到0.8g姜黄素二山梨酸酯黄色晶体,熔点228-232℃。
实施例7
将2.83ml琥珀酸单甲酯酰氯(23mmol)在5ml甲苯中的溶液在0℃下缓缓加入3.68g(10mmol)姜黄素在20ml四氢呋喃和3ml吡啶的溶液中。在室温下搅拌24h后,将反应混合物用100ml乙酸乙酯进行稀释,并用水进行洗涤。将有机相蒸发,残余物从乙酸乙酯中结晶,得到4.4g姜黄素-二-甲基琥珀酸酯,熔点145-147℃。
实施例8
将2.38g(12mmol)乙酰基水杨酰氯(acetylsalicylchloride)在0℃下加入1.84g(5mmol)姜黄素在10ml二氯甲烷和1.1ml吡啶中的溶液中。在室温下搅拌2小时后,将反应混合物用100ml二氯甲烷进行稀释,并用水洗涤两次。将有机相蒸发,残余物从二乙醚中结晶,得到3.0g姜黄素-二-乙酰基水杨酸酯,熔点155-162℃。
实施例9
将1.42g(11mmol)异氰基乙酸乙酯加入1.84g姜黄素(5mmol)在5ml四氢呋喃、5ml吡啶和10ml二氯甲烷的溶液中。将混合物在室温下搅拌7天。将晶体通过过滤进行分离,得到1.72g姜黄素-二-甘氨酸乙酯氨基甲酸酯,熔点198-202℃。
实施例10
将1.34g(13mmol)二甲基氨基甘氨酸,0.14g(1mmol)1-羟基苯并三唑和2.69g(13mmol)二环己基碳二亚胺加入1.84g(5mmol)姜黄素在20ml二氯甲烷和2.5ml吡啶中的溶液中。将混合物在室温下搅拌24小时。将其中的固体滤出。将滤液在真空下蒸发。将残余物在20ml二乙基醚中浆化24小时。将其中的固体滤出,并在真空下干燥,得到2.38g姜黄素-二-二甲基甘氨酸酯,熔点135-139℃。
实施例11
将0.57g甲基碘(4mmol)加入0.54g姜黄素-二-二甲基甘氨酸酯(1mmol)和5ml二氯甲烷的混合物中。在室温下搅拌24小时后,将其中的同体通过过滤进行分离,得到0.58g姜黄素-二-三甲基甘氨酸酯二碘化物,熔点150-160℃。
实施例12
将2.7g(13mmol)二环己基碳二亚胺加入1.85g(5mmol)姜黄素、0.14g(1mmol)1-羟基苯并三唑和1.6g N-甲酰基氨基丁酸在5ml吡啶和50ml二氯甲烷的浆液中。将混合物在回流下搅拌24小时后,将固体滤出,并用二氯甲烷充分洗涤。将滤出液蒸发,得到1.7g姜黄素-二-甲酰基氨基丁酸酯,熔点142-147℃,纯度约80%。
姜黄素-二-甲基碳酸酯可以根据J.Milobedzka等的Ber.DeutscheChemische Gesellschaft 43,2163-2170(1910)进行制备。
姜黄素二乙酸酯、姜黄素二丙酸酯和姜黄素二苯甲酸酯可以根据U.Pedersen等的Liebigs Ann.Chem.1985,1557-1569进行制备。
二姜黄素硼酸酯盐酸盐可以根据Z.Sui等的Bioorganic & Med.Chem.1,415-422(1993)进行制备。
姜黄素异噁唑物可以根据C.Selvam等的Bioorganic& Med.Chem.15,1793-7(2005)进行制备。
实施例13
含硼酸酯-柠檬酸酯-姜黄素的仔猪饲料可以通过如下方法制备:将以下各成分利用常规混合装置在室温下混在一起。
成分 用量(kg)
小麦 32.6
玉米 18.7
稻米 5.0
麦麸 9.0
大豆粗粉 23.0
豆油 2.0
小麦淀粉 4.5
矿物* 2.9
合成氨基酸预混合料** 0.8
维生素和微量元素预混合料*** 1.0
硼酸酯柠檬酸酯姜黄素预混合料(在小麦淀粉中10%) 0.5
原则上,硼酸酯-柠檬酸酯-姜黄素预混合料可以包含1-20%的姜黄素衍生物。
在实施例13-15中:
*海盐、磷酸二钙和碳酸钙;
**赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和苏氨酸;
***维生素A、E、D3、K3、B1、B2、B6、B12、C,维生素H,叶酸、烟酸、泛酸、胆碱盐酸盐、硫酸铜、硫酸铁、氧化锰、氧化锌、碳酸钴、碘化钙和亚硒酸钠。
实施例14
含姜黄素二磷酸酯铵盐的成长猪饲料可以通过如下方法制备:将以下各成分利用常规混合装置在室温下混在一起。
成分 用量(kg)
大豆粗粉 18.0
玉米 52.3
大麦 14.0
燕麦粉 6.0
麦麸 5.2
豆油 2.0
矿物* 1.5
合成氨基酸预混合料** 0.5
维生素和微量元素预混合料*** 1.0
姜黄素二磷酸酯铵盐预混合料(在小麦淀粉中10%) 0.5
原则上,姜黄素二磷酸酯铵盐预混合料可以包含1-20%的姜黄素衍生物。
实施例15
含姜黄素二-[S]-乳酸酯的肉鸡饲料(“开食”)可以通过如下方法制备:将以下各成分利用常规混合装置在室温下混在一起。
成分 用量(kg)
大豆粗粉 34.50
玉米 20.00
小麦 37.80
豆油 3.13
矿物* 2.90
合成氨基酸预混合料** 0.17
维生素和微量元素预混合料*** 1.00
姜黄素双-[S]-乳酸酯预混合料(在小麦淀粉中10%) 0.50
原则上,姜黄素二-[S]-乳酸酯预混合料可以包含1-20%的姜黄素衍生物。
实施例16
含姜黄素二-三甲基甘氨酸酯的肉鸡饲料(“生长”)可以通过如下方法制备:将以下各成分利用常规混合装置在室温下混在一起。
成分 用量(kg)
大豆粗粉 31.2
玉米 20.0
小麦 41.3
豆油 3.4
矿物* 2.5
合成氨基酸预混合料** 0.1
维生素和微量元素预混合料*** 1.0
姜黄素二三甲基甘氨酸酯预混合料(在小麦淀粉中10%) 0.5
原则上,姜黄素二-三甲基甘氨酸酯碘化物预混合料可以包含1-20%的姜黄素衍生物。
对姜黄素酰基衍生物抗微生物活性的评价
材料和方法
待测试的姜黄素衍生物
号码 | 衍生物的名称 |
123456 | 硼酸酯-柠檬酸酯-姜黄素姜黄素二磷酸酯铵盐姜黄素二-[S]-乳酸酯姜黄素二-三甲基甘氨酸碘化物二姜黄素硼酸酯氯化物姜黄素异噁唑物 |
用于测试的菌株
将如下细菌从猪的胃肠道物中进行分离:Escherichia coli 0.94(A),Escherichia coli 0.96(B),Klebsiella pneumoniae(C),Salmonellatyphimurium pF3127(D),Salmonella enteritidis pF1338(E),Enterococcus faecalis(F),Enterococcus faecium(G),Staphylococcus hyicus(H),Lactobacillus salivarius(I)和Lactobacillus acidophilus 3(J)。上述细菌在利用适当的API体系进行革兰染色和生物化学测试后,通过微观观测确认其特性。测试菌株被保持在与甘油25%(Sigma Chemical,Steinheim,Germany)混合的胰酶大豆培养液(被命名为BTS;Merck,Darmstadt,Germany)中,在液氮中进行冷冻并被保存在-80℃下。将整夜培养的测试微生物在胰酶大豆培养液中稀释至用于试验接种的最终浓度。在37℃下进行有氧培育24小时后,对在胰酶大豆琼脂(Merck,Darmstadt,Germany)中的纯细菌进行计数。
抗菌活性的测试方法
在经消毒的干燥试管中,将硼酸酯柠檬酸酯姜黄素和姜黄素二磷酸酯铵盐溶于液态琼脂(0.2%,在50℃下加热)中。在经消毒的干燥试管中,将姜黄素二-[S]-乳酸酯和姜黄素二-三甲基甘氨酸碘化物溶于DMSO/水(50/50,v/v)中。利用胰酶大豆培养液(Merck,Darmstadt,Germany)制备经消毒的营养培养液,并将4.4ml经消毒的培养液加入各个试管中。将被稀释到适当接种量(2×104到105CFU/ml)的500μl各种稀释液和100μl细菌加入试管中。最终体积为5ml。将二姜黄素硼酸酯氯化物和姜黄素异噁唑物首先溶于纯DMSO中,然后与胰酶大豆培养液(Merck,Darmstadt,Germany)进行混合,得到DMSO的最终浓度为5%。将被稀释到适当接种量(2×104到105CFU/ml)的200μl的最后两种稀释液中的一种和20μl细菌加入已杀菌的96孔的孔板(Falcon 353072微量板,Becton Dickinsin Labware,Meylan,France)中。各个衍生物的最终浓度为1000μM。将试管和微量板在37℃、搅动条件下培养24到48小时(根据测试的细菌)。培养24小时后,通过对细菌进行计数,测定对生长的抑制作用。随后,利用氯化钠蛋白胨培养液对样品重复稀释10次,并在37℃下有氧培养24小时后,对所有在胰酶大豆琼脂(Merck,Darmstadt,Germany)上的所有细菌进行计数。采用两块复制板进行所有细菌的计数。一般而言,每个试验重复进行两次。
数据分析
细菌生长的缩减量通过如下方法测定:将对照培养的细菌数减去24小时后测试培养的细菌数。对培养后生成的菌群进行计数,根据Rico-Munoz和Davidson的J.Food Sci.48,1284-1288(1983),利用下式计算抑制效果,公式如下:
%抑制作用=[1-(T/C)]×100
其中,T是测试样品的CFU/ml,C是对照样品的CFU/ml。
结果列于表1中。
表1:姜黄素衍生物(1-6)对菌株A-J的生长抑制作用的百分率
所有样品在1000μM下测试
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | |
1 | 62±0.3 | 59±17 | 12±4 | 33±29 | 14±13 | 38±34 | NT | -4±42 | 2se | NT |
2 | -11±6 | -6±0 | 22±66 | 35±12 | 35±11 | 33±9 | NT | 83±1 | 7se | NT |
3 | 35±41 | 47±28 | 25±5 | 40±72 | 30±34 | NT | 13±6 | 2±7 | 64±50 | NT |
4 | 36±19 | 64±12 | 30±7 | 75±11 | 28±28 | NT | 29±17 | NT | 100±44 | NT |
5 | -2±19 | -46±32 | -70±4 | 100±238 | -1±68 | 61±149 | NT | 21±89 | NT | 300±104 |
6 | -65±47 | -71±20 | -87±2 | -36±80 | -19±83 | -73±14 | NT | -97±4 | NT | -73±28 |
Se=对于这个试验,进行了一次评估,NT=未测试
Claims (5)
2.权利要求1所定义的具有式IB的姜黄素、去甲氧基姜黄素和二去甲氧基姜黄素的衍生物用于制备具有作为动物胃肠道微生物群落调节剂的活性且可通过动物饲料施用的组合物的用途。
3.用在动物饲料添加剂或动物饲料中的组合物,所述组合物包含权利要求1所定义的具有式IB的姜黄素、去甲氧基姜黄素和二去甲氧基姜黄素的衍生物。
4.基于权利要求1所述的姜黄素、去甲氧基姜黄素或二去甲氧基姜黄素的衍生物或基于权利要求3所述含有上述化合物的组合物的动物饲料添加剂。
5.含有权利要求1所述化合物或权利要求3所述组合物作为添加剂的动物饲料。
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PCT/EP2006/003603 WO2006117077A1 (en) | 2005-05-03 | 2006-04-20 | Aryl derivatives of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin or curcuminisoxazolide and their use as animal feed additives |
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EP (1) | EP1876908A1 (zh) |
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WO2009074215A1 (en) * | 2007-12-11 | 2009-06-18 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Use of a composition comprising sesquiterpenes from curcuma essential oil and/or tea tree oil in the manufacture of an animal feed |
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EP2294049A4 (en) * | 2008-07-07 | 2011-06-22 | Laila Pharmaceuticals Pvt Ltd | ORAL ACTIVE CURCUMINOID COMPOUNDS |
WO2010025589A1 (zh) * | 2008-09-08 | 2010-03-11 | 北京鼎国昌盛生物技术有限责任公司 | 长效姜黄衍生物及其制备方法和在制药中的应用 |
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WO2011106691A2 (en) * | 2010-02-26 | 2011-09-01 | Research Foundation Of The City University Of New York | Curcumin derivatives |
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CN103755560B (zh) * | 2014-01-10 | 2015-11-04 | 广州英赛特生物技术有限公司 | 2-羟基-4-正丙基-1-环庚三烯酮酯或盐及其在制备动物抗菌剂和饲用生长促进剂中的应用 |
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EP1876908A1 (en) | 2008-01-16 |
CN101170915A (zh) | 2008-04-30 |
US8003686B2 (en) | 2011-08-23 |
WO2006117077A1 (en) | 2006-11-09 |
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