CN101128618A - SnO2类溅射靶及其制造方法 - Google Patents

SnO2类溅射靶及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN101128618A
CN101128618A CNA2006800062355A CN200680006235A CN101128618A CN 101128618 A CN101128618 A CN 101128618A CN A2006800062355 A CNA2006800062355 A CN A2006800062355A CN 200680006235 A CN200680006235 A CN 200680006235A CN 101128618 A CN101128618 A CN 101128618A
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森中泰三
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Mitsui Mining and Smelting Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种高性能的SnO2类溅射靶,其具有高相对密度,而且可以在防止异常放电和防止粒子产生的同时、在高成模速度下形成兼具低比电阻和高透过率两者的溅射膜。该溅射靶的制造方法中包含将未烧结的成型体在1550~1650℃下进行烧结的工序,其中,所述未烧结的成型体以SnO2为主要成分、含有Nb2O5和Ta2O5共计1.15~10质量%、Nb2O5/Ta2O5的含量质量比为0.15~0.90。

Description

SnO2类溅射靶及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种SnO2类溅射靶及其制造方法,具体地涉及一种用于形成平板显示器、电阻式触摸屏、太阳能电池等的透明导电膜的SnO2类溅射靶及其制造方法。
背景技术
近年来,SnO2类透明导电膜用于平板显示器、电阻式触摸屏、太阳能电池等广泛的用途。工业上主要用喷镀法或CVD法制造该SnO2类透明导电膜。但是,这些方法不适用于使膜厚在大面积范围内均一化,也难以控制成膜过程,而且成膜时会产生污染物氯类气体,所以需要寻求一种没有这些缺点的新的制造方法。
另一方面,也在尝试用溅射法制造SnO2类透明导电膜。但是,难以得到在溅射使用中耐用的SnO2类溅射靶,因此未能广泛普及。这是由于SnO2是难烧结性物质,因而难以制造适合用于溅射的高密度烧结体。另外,为了得到要求低电阻的溅射膜作为电极材料,已知添加Sb2O3降低SnO2的比电阻的SnO2类溅射靶,但其烧结性改善效果较弱。
已知含有Ta、Nb等、烧结密度为4.0g/cm3以上的SnO2类溅射靶(例如,参照专利文献1(日本专利特开2000-273622))。另外,已知含有Ta、Nb等、比电阻在1×107Ω·cm以下的SnO2类溅射靶(参照专利文献2(日本专利特开2000-281431))。这些文献的实施例中,溅射靶的烧结在1500℃下进行。但是,作为近年来高需求的等离子显示屏(PDP)用透明电极膜要求低比电阻和高透过率两方面的特性,然而对于可以制造兼具上述低比电阻和高透过率两种特性的溅射膜的SnO2类溅射靶,仍未见报道。
专利文献1:日本专利特开2000-273622号公报
专利文献2:日本专利特开2000-281431号公报
发明内容
本发明人得出以下见解:将未烧结的成型体在1550~1650℃下进行烧结,从而可以制造具有高相对密度的高性能SnO2类溅射靶,其中:所述未烧结的成型体以SnO2为主要成分、含有Nb2O5和Ta2O5共计1.15~10质量%、Nb2O5/Ta2O5的含量质量比为0.15~0.90;所述高性能SnO2类溅射靶可以在防止异常放电和防止粒子产生的同时、在高成模速度下形成兼具低比电阻和高透过率两者的溅射膜。
因此,本发明的目的是制造具有高相对密度的高性能SnO2类溅射靶,该高性能SnO2类溅射靶可以在防止异常放电和防止粒子产生的同时、在高成模速度下形成兼具低比电阻和高透过率两者的溅射膜。
因此,本发明的SnO2类溅射靶的制造方法中包含预先制备未烧结的成型体,然后在1550~1650℃下烧结该成型体的工序,其中,所述未烧结的成型体以SnO2为主要成分、含有Nb2O5和Ta2O5共计1.15~10质量%、Nb2O5/Ta2O5的含量质量比为0.15~0.90。
另外,本发明的SnO2类溅射靶以SnO2为主要成分、含有Nb2O5和Ta2O5共计1.15~10质量%、Nb2O5/Ta2O5的含量质量比为0.15~0.90,
用CuKα作为X射线源进行X射线衍射,在衍射角2θ为22~23°和28~29°的条件下实质上未观察到Nb2O5产生的峰。
附图说明
[图1]是对于使用实施例2和比较例6中得到的溅射靶所制得的溅射膜,表示其退火后的比电阻和透过率峰值与氧流量(分压)的关系的图。
[图2]是实施例4中制得的溅射靶的X射线衍射图。
[图3]是实施例8中制得的溅射靶的X射线衍射图。
[图4]是比较例7中制得的溅射靶的X射线衍射图。
具体实施方式
SnO2类溅射靶的制造方法
本发明的方法中,预先制备以SnO2为主要成分、含有Nb2O5和Ta2O5共计1.15~10质量%、Nb2O5/Ta2O5的含量质量比为0.15~0.90的未烧结的成型体。如果Nb2O5和Ta2O5的合计含量为1.15~10质量%,则可提高烧结密度,同时防止由不能固溶的Ta和Nb的增加所引起的膜比电阻的上升,从而实现低膜比电阻。Nb2O5和Ta2O5的合计含量优选为1.15~8质量%,更优选3.5~6质量%,进一步优选4~6质量%。另外,使Nb2O5/Ta2O5的含量质量比为0.15~0.90,从而确保了通过液相烧结赋予高密度化的Nb2O5量以防止烧结密度降低,同时可以防止溅射成模的膜比电阻上升。Nb2O5/Ta2O5的含量质量比优选为0.15~0.60,更优选为0.17~0.33,进一步优选为0.20~0.33。
本发明中的未烧结的成型体,如果是将含有上述组成的原料粉末成型而成的,则可以使用任一种方法进行成型,例如,可以将SnO2粉末、Nb2O5粉末、Ta2O5粉末以满足上述组成的配合量比进行混合而调制成原料粉末,然后通过成型该原料粉末而制成。
根据本发明的优选实施方式,优选使用原料粉末的未烧结体的成型体,往原料粉末中添加粘合剂使其易于被赋予规定的形状。作为这样的粘合剂,只要是通过加热会消失或飞散的公知的粘合剂即可并没有特别限定,可使用聚乙烯醇水溶液等。因此,该实施方式中,优选在烧结之前,为使粘合剂飞散或消失,先干燥未烧结的成型体,然后进行加热(脱脂)。干燥和加热的方法并不受限定,优选首先在50~130℃下干燥5~30小时,然后在500~800℃下加热脱脂6~24小时。
根据本发明的优选实施方式,为了进一步提高烧结密度,未烧结的成型体可以进一步含有Fe2O3、NiO2、CoO、In2O3、或者它们的混合物。添加这些金属氧化物时,优选其合计添加量为100~7000ppm,更优选为350~7000ppm,进一步优选为700~7000ppm。
根据本发明的其它优选实施方式,为了进一步降低溅射靶的比电阻,未烧结的成型体可以进一步含有Al2O3、SiO2、Y2O3、或者它们的混合物。添加这些金属氧化物时,这些金属氧化物的添加量,优选使这些金属氧化物与Nb2O5和Ta2O5的合计添加量为20质量%以下的添加量。
根据本发明的又一优选实施方式,为了进一步提高烧结密度,未烧结的成型体可以进一步含有Ga2O3、Bi2O3、Mn2O3、Fe2O3、NiO、CoO、或者它们的混合物。添加这些金属氧化物时,这些金属氧化物的添加量优选使这些金属氧化物与Nb2O5和Ta2O5的合计添加量为20质量%以下的添加量。
然后,在本发明的方法中,将如上述预先制备的未烧结的成型体在1550~1650℃下进行烧结。通过在该温度范围内进行烧结,可以充分地进行液相烧结从而提高烧结密度,可以提高溅射膜中比电阻值最小时的透过率,还可以防止SnO2的熔融而容易地制成所期望形状的烧结体。优选的烧结温度为1550~1600℃。在该温度范围内,烧结体内部的温度差异可以较小,因此可以有效地防止烧结体的弯曲而进一步提高生产性。
根据本发明的优选实施方式,优选进行2~20小时烧结,更优选3~12小时,进一步优选4~8小时。如果在该范围内,则可在抑制电能消耗量而且确保高生产性的同时充分地进行烧结。
根据本发明的优选实施方式,为了确保高烧结密度,优选在含氧气的气体氛围下进行烧结,例如,可以在氧气加压氛围下、氧气氛围下、或者空气氛围下进行。
SnO2类溅射靶
由上述本发明的制造方法制得的SnO2类溅射靶,可以具有下述特征:以SnO2为主要成分、含有Nb2O5和Ta2O5共计1.15~10质量%、Nb2O5/Ta2O5的含量质量比为0.15~0.90,用CuKα射线(λ=1.54050)作为X射线源进行X射线衍射,在衍射角2θ为22~23°和28~29°的条件下实质上未观察到Nb2O5产生的峰;但是只要是由本发明的制造方法制得的SnO2类溅射靶即可,并不一定要受这些特征的限定。即,本发明的制造方法中,未烧结的成型体在1550~1650℃下进行烧结,根据本发明人的见解,在该范围内的烧结温度下得到的烧结体,用Cu作为X射线源进行X射线衍射,在衍射角2θ为22~23°和28~29°的条件下实质上不会观察到Nb2O5产生的峰。这样的本发明的SnO2类溅射靶,具有高相对密度,可以在防止异常放电和防止粒子产生的同时,在高成模速度下形成兼具低比电阻和高透过率两者的溅射膜。
根据本发明的优选实施方式,上述X射线衍射的测定,优选使用X射线衍射装置(MXP3、MAC Science公司制),在管电压:40kV、管电流:30mA、样品间隔:0.02°、扫描速度:4℃/分钟、发散狭缝:1°、散射狭缝:1°、接收狭缝:0.3mm的条件下进行。因此,根据本发明的优选实施方式,优选通过上述优选条件下的X射线衍射,在衍射角2θ为22~23°和28~29°下X射线强度(Intensity)的最高值不足100。另外,假设即使通过比上述优选条件的X射线衍射更高敏感度的X射线衍射观察到Nb2O5产生的峰,只要在上述优选条件下实质上未观察到Nb2O5产生的峰,就仍然包含在本发明的范围内。
根据本发明的优选实施方式,由阿基米德法测得的SnO2类溅射靶的相对密度优选为90%以上,更优选为93%以上,进一步优选为96%以上。SnO2类溅射靶由于具有这样的高相对密度,从而可以在溅射中有效地防止异常放电和防止粒子产生。另外,所述用阿基米德法进行的测定优选在室温下进行。
根据本发明的优选实施方式,SnO2类溅射靶优选用于制造膜比电阻值为1×10-2Ω·cm以下的溅射膜。用本发明的SnO2类溅射靶,可以在确保如此低的膜比电阻值的同时,制造透过率高的溅射膜。
根据本发明的优选实施方式,SnO2类溅射靶优选用于制造具有下述特征的溅射膜:用紫外可见分光光度计测定的波长500~600nm的光的透过率的峰值为96%以上。用本发明的SnO2类溅射靶,可以在确保如此高的光透过率的同时,制造比电阻值低的溅射膜。
实施例
实施例1
首先,预先制备以下3种原料粉末。
SnO2粉末:纯度99.99%(4N)、平均粒径0.7~1.1μm、比表面积2.0~2.7m2/g
Ta2O5粉末:纯度99.9%(3N)、平均粒径0.6~0.8μm、比表面积2.0~3.1m2/g
Nb2O5粉末:纯度99.9%(3N)、平均粒径0.6~1.0μm、比表面积2.1~2.7m2/g
然后,将上述SnO2粉末96.5质量%、上述Ta2O5粉末3质量%和上述Nb2O5粉末0.5质量%用球磨机混合21小时。往该混合粉末中添加聚乙烯醇水溶液,并充填到400×800mm尺寸的模具中,然后在800kg/cm2的压力下挤压成型。将该成型体在80℃下干燥12小时后,在600℃下脱脂4小时。将该脱脂体在空气氛围下,在烧结温度1600℃下烧制4小时,得到烧结体。这时,将升温速度和降温速度都控制在100℃/小时。对所得烧结体进行加工,制成直径6英寸(152mm)、厚度5mm大小的SnO2类溅射靶。
实施例2~7以及比较例1~5和9
除了以如表1所示的组成比率混合原料粉末以外,其它与实施例1同样操作,制造SnO2类溅射靶。
实施例8
除了以如表1所示的组成比率混合原料粉末,以及使烧结温度为1550℃以外,其它与实施例1同样操作,制造SnO2类溅射靶。
比较例6和7
除了以如表1所示的组成比率混合原料粉末,以及使烧结温度为1500℃以外,其它与实施例1同样操作,制造SnO2类溅射靶。
比较例8
除了以如表1所示的组成比率混合原料粉末,以及使烧结温度为1700℃以外,其它与实施例1同样操作,尝试制造作为烧结体的SnO2类溅射靶。但是,由于SnO2为熔融状态,所以无一定形状,不能得到所期望的形状。
评价
在实施例1~8、比较例1~7和9中所制得的溅射靶中,进行(1)~(3)的评价。
(1)相对密度的测定
用阿基米德法测定各溅射靶的相对密度。这时,以各原料的密度为SnO2:6.95g/cm3、Ta2O5:8.74g/cm3、Nb2O5:4.47g/cm3计算加权平均密度(理论密度),以该加权平均密度为100%计算相对密度。其结果如表1所示。
(2)成模速度的测定
在无氧铜制的背板上金属粘结各溅射靶。这时,测定溅射靶的溅射面的中心线的平均粗糙度Ra,结果为0.6μm以下。另外,对各溅射靶的组成进行IPC分析,结果与作为原料使用的混合粉末的组成相同。并且对于金属粘结的各溅射靶,在以下所示的条件下,用直流电源进行磁控溅射,在无碱玻璃基板上溅射成模。
到达压力:1×10-4Pa
基板温度:室温
导入氩分压:0.5Pa
导入氧流量(分压):0~3sccm(0~2×10-2pa)
直流施加电能:300W
膜厚:约140nm
基板:无碱玻璃
用触针式表面形状测定器(Dektak6M、ULVAC公司制)测定所形成的膜的厚度,用所得膜厚除以成模时间算出成模速度。在导入氧流量为0sccm时的成模速度的结果如表1所示。
(3)膜比电阻的测定
溅射成膜后,在空气氛围、500℃下退火1小时。测定各膜比电阻的最小值,得到表1所示的结果。比电阻通过下述方法计算:使用薄膜电阻测定器(MCP-TP06P、ダイァインスッルメント公司制)用四探针法测定薄膜电阻,用由触针式表面形状测定器(Dektak6M、ULVAC公司制)测得的膜厚乘以所得薄膜电阻即得到比电阻。
(4)透过率的测定
对于实施例2和4以及比较例6和7,用以下的方法测定透过率。对于在退火后比电阻值变成最小的氧分压条件的试料,用紫外可见分光光度计(UV-2500、岛津社制)测定波长300~800nm的光的透过率。这时,使用空白玻璃作为对照。对于实施例2、实施例4、比较例6和比较例7的全部试料,观察波长500~600nm下透过率的峰,其透过率的峰值如表2所示。
(5)退火后的比电阻和透过率峰值对氧流量(分压)的依存性的评价
对于使用实施例2和比较例6中所得的溅射靶制得的上述溅射膜,其退火后的比电阻和透过率峰值,与氧流量(分压)的关系如图1所示。由图1可知,使用在1600℃下进行烧制的实施例2中所得的溅射靶制得的溅射膜,与使用在1500℃下进行烧制的比较例6中所得的溅射靶制得的溅射膜相比,得到低比电阻的导入氧流量和得到高透过率的导入氧流量之间的差异较小,在比电阻最小或接近最小时的氧分压下同时可实现高透过率。即,可知通过使用本发明的溅射靶进行溅射成膜,在较广的导入氧流量范围内可同时实现低比电阻和高透过率这两个重要的性能,其中导入氧流量范围优选为0.8~3.0sccm以上,更优选0.9~2.5sccm,进一步优选1.0~2.0sccm,最优选1.0~1.5sccm。
表1
  SnO2(wt%)   Ta2O5(wt%)   Nb2O5(wt%)   Nb2O5/Ta2O5   Nb2O5+Ta2O5(wt%)   烧结温度(℃)   相对密度(%) 膜比电阻(Ω·cm) 成模速度(nm/sec.)
  实施例1   96.5   3   0.5   0.17   4   1600   93.5   4.3×10-3   2.54
  实施例2   96   3   1   0.33   4   1600   96.5   4.3×10-3   2.56
  实施例3   95   3   2   0.67   5   1600   97.2   7.8×10-3   2.64
  实施例4   94   5   1   0.20   6   1600   90.5   3.4×10-3   2.54
  实施例5   92   5   3   0.60   8   1600   96.8   8.9×10-3   2.56
  实施例6   90   8   2   0.25   10   1600   91.2   9.1×10-3   2.55
  实施例7   90   1   0.15   0.15   1.15   1600   92.3   5.7×10-3   2.57
  实施例8   94   5   1   0.20   6   1550   90.3   3.8×10-3   2.54
  比较例1   93   3   4   1.33   7   1600   97.5   3.8×10-2   2.58
  比较例2   95   5   0   0   5   1600   70.2   3.2×10-3   2.35
  比较例3   90   5   5   1.00   10   1600   97.5   1.2×10-2   2.61
  比较例4   91   8   1   0.13   9   1600   82.3   8.9×10-3   2.49
  比较例5   88   8   4   0.50   12   1600   95.3   8.3×10-2   2.58
  比较例6   96   3   1   0.33   4   1500   64.2   4.3×10-3   2.35
  比较例7   94   5   1   0.20   6   1500   62.9   3.6×10-3   2.33
  比较例8   94   5   1   0.20   6   1700   不能得到期望的形状
  比较例9   99.35   0.5   0.15   0.30   1   1600   95.2   1.1×10-2   2.60
表2
  SnO2(wt%)   Ta2O5(wt%)   Nb2O5(wt%)   Nb2O5/Ta2O5   Nb2O5+Ta2O5(wt%)   烧结温度(℃)   相对密度(%)   透过率(%)
  实施例2   96   3   1   0.33   4   1600   96.5   97.5
  实施例4   94   5   1   0.20   6   1600   90.5   97.2
  比较例6   96   3   1   0.33   4   1500   64.2   95.3
  比较例7   94   5   1   0.20   6   1500   62.9   94.5
(6)通过X射线衍射法进行的评价
用X射线衍射装置(MXP3、MAC Science公司制)对在实施例4、8和比较例7中制得的厚度5mm的溅射靶进行X射线衍射,在以下的条件下进行测定,结果分别如图2~4所示的。
射线源:CuKα射线(λ=1.54050)
管电压:40kV
管电流:30mA
衍射角2θ的范围:20~40°
样品间隔:0.02°
扫描速度:4℃/分钟
发散狭缝:1°
散射狭缝:1°
接收狭缝:0.3mm
如图2~4所示,对于在1550℃以上进行烧制的实施例4和8中的溅射靶的X射线衍射,没有观察到衍射角2θ的范围为22~23°和28~29°条件下由Nb2O5产生的峰(而在1500℃下进行烧制的比较例7的溅射靶的X射线衍射中在衍射角2θ的范围为22~23°和28~29°条件下可观察到由Nb2O5产生的所述峰)。另外,在上述2θ范围内的X射线衍射强度(Intensity)如表3所示,在上述测定条件下,如果X射线衍射强度(Intensity)的最高值不足100,则可以认为实质上不能观察到由Nb2O5产生的峰。因此,认为在本发明的组成范围内,通过在超过1500℃的温度下(例如在1550℃以上的温度下)进行烧制,能消除由Nb2O5产生的X射线衍射峰。
表3
2θ(°)   衍射强度最高值
  实施例4   实施例8   比较例7
  22~23   61   67   279
  28~29   61   63   344

Claims (9)

1.SnO2类溅射靶的制造方法,包括:预先制备以SnO2为主要成分、含有Nb2O5和Ta2O5共计1.15~10质量%、Nb2O5/Ta2O5的含量质量比为0.15~0.90的未烧结的成型体,
然后将该成型体在1550~1650℃下进行烧结的工序。
2.权利要求1所述的SnO2类溅射靶的制造方法,其特征在于:上述烧结进行2~20小时。
3.权利要求1所述的SnO2类溅射靶的制造方法,其特征在于:上述烧结在含氧气的气体氛围下进行。
4.权利要求1所述的SnO2类溅射靶的制造方法,其特征在于:上述未烧结的成型体进一步含有粘合剂,在上述烧制之前,为使上述粘合剂飞散或消失,先干燥上述未烧结的成型体,然后进行加热。
5.SnO2类溅射靶,其特征在于:以SnO2为主要成分、含有Nb2O5和Ta2O5共计1.15~10质量%、Nb2O5/Ta2O5的含量质量比为0.15~0.90;用CuKα射线作为X射线源进行X射线衍射,在衍射角2θ为22~23°和28~29°条件下实质上未观察到Nb2O5产生的峰。
6.权利要求5所述的SnO2类溅射靶,其特征在于:用阿基米德法测得的相对密度为90%以上。
7.权利要求5所述的SnO2类溅射靶,其用于制造膜比电阻值为1×10-2Ω·cm以下的溅射膜。
8.权利要求5所述的SnO2类溅射靶,其用于制造用紫外可见分光光度计测定的波长500~600nm的光的透过率的峰值为96%以上的溅射膜。
9.权利要求5所述的SnO2类溅射靶,其是用权利要求1~4中任一项所述的制造方法制得的。
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CN102285791A (zh) * 2010-06-04 2011-12-21 三井金属矿业株式会社 Ito溅射靶及其制造方法
CN107532285A (zh) * 2015-02-13 2018-01-02 Jx金属株式会社 溅射靶及其制造方法
CN110678938A (zh) * 2017-05-30 2020-01-10 株式会社爱发科 透明导电膜

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KR20240046818A (ko) 2021-09-01 2024-04-09 미쓰이금속광업주식회사 산화물 소결체 및 그 제조 방법 그리고 스퍼터링 타깃재

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CN102285791A (zh) * 2010-06-04 2011-12-21 三井金属矿业株式会社 Ito溅射靶及其制造方法
CN102285791B (zh) * 2010-06-04 2013-05-29 三井金属矿业株式会社 Ito溅射靶及其制造方法
CN107532285A (zh) * 2015-02-13 2018-01-02 Jx金属株式会社 溅射靶及其制造方法
CN110678938A (zh) * 2017-05-30 2020-01-10 株式会社爱发科 透明导电膜

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