CN101123930A - 用于处理伤口的装置 - Google Patents

用于处理伤口的装置 Download PDF

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CN101123930A
CN101123930A CNA2005800483932A CN200580048393A CN101123930A CN 101123930 A CN101123930 A CN 101123930A CN A2005800483932 A CNA2005800483932 A CN A2005800483932A CN 200580048393 A CN200580048393 A CN 200580048393A CN 101123930 A CN101123930 A CN 101123930A
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威廉·弗莱施曼
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Abstract

用于处理伤口的装置包括一个与伤口表面接触的伤口衬垫(10)和一个用于覆盖伤口表面(22)和伤口衬垫(10)的覆盖件(24)。伤口衬垫(10)由面状的纺织的间隔材料构成，该间隔材料至少具有一个第一表面层(12)、一个第二表面层(14)和一个在各表面层(12、14)之间的中间空间(18)。其中至少第一表面层(12)具有一个生物相容的表面和一个结构，该结构允许流过液体并且防止伤口组织向内生长。在中间空间(18)中设置间隔丝线(16)，所述间隔丝线使第一表面层(12)和第二表面层(14)弹簧弹性地保持间隔。

Description

用于处理伤口的装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种按权利要求1的前序部分的用于处理伤口的装置。
背景技术
由EP 0 620 720 B1已知，一个伤口衬垫设置到伤口的伤口表面上，该伤口衬垫由开孔的聚合物泡沫材料构成。伤口表面和伤口衬垫通过覆盖件进行密封，该覆盖件可密封地固定在包围伤口的皮肤上。在覆盖件的下面通过抽出管可以产生一个负压，以便将组织液体由伤口抽走。聚合物泡沫材料具有一个相对较小的细孔尺寸，以便防止伤口组织向内生长到伤口衬垫中。但是较小细孔的泡沫材料例如可以通过凝结物掺入，使得相应地降低抽出作用并且必须更换伤口衬垫。
由US 4382441已知，由开孔的泡沫材料或者纺织的织物构成的伤口衬垫设置到伤口表面上并且通过覆盖件密封，该覆盖件环绕伤口密封地固定在皮肤表面上。软管引导到伤口衬垫中，其构成为输送管和抽出管。通过软管处理液体可以引导通过伤口衬垫，以便与伤口表面接触。在此在伤口衬垫中不产生负压。在此也会产生伤口衬垫的掺入的问题。
按EP 0880953B1如下改善装置，即输送管和抽出管可彼此无关地控制，使得输送的液体在可调节的时间段上可以作用到伤口上，而期间可以控制时间段，其中没有处理液体作用到伤口上并且必要时可以产生一个负压。该负压施加一个作用到伤口的组织细胞上的拉力，因此有利于细胞生长和组织增殖。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，提供一种用于处理伤口的装置，该装置有利于治疗过程。
该目的按本发明通过具有权利要求1的特征的装置进行解决。
本发明的有利的实施形式和进一步方案在从属权利要求中描述。
本发明的基本的构思在于，采用由面状的纺织的间隔材料构成的伤口衬垫。这种间隔材料至少具有两个表面层，在它们之间存在间隔丝线，所述间隔丝线使各表面层弹簧弹性地保持间隔。
这种面状的纺织的间隔材料(间隔织物)尤其构成为间隔编织物(Abstandsgewirke)。它的特征在于柔性、可压缩性和在较小重量时较高的空间容积(例如“Kettenwirk-Praxis 2/2001，第47/48页”)。
间隔编织物在坐具和躺具中作为表面层并且在服装工业中作为填充物。
总之已经建议(Exogenous Dermatology 2002；1，第276至278页)，病人安放在纺织的间隔编织物上，以便减少压力溃疡(褥疮)的产生。
另外由DE 19832634A1已知，为了处理疝气在腹壁与腹膜之间使用由面状的纺织的间隔材料构成的植入物。
在按本发明的装置中面状的纺织的间隔材料构成为伤口衬垫，其中间隔材料的至少一个表面层与伤口表面接触。与伤口表面接触的表面层具有一个生物相容的表面，以便保证伤口组织的相处性(Verrglichkeit)。另外表面层具有一个结构，该结构一方面允许液体流过并且另一方面防止伤口组织向内生长。
该伤口衬垫允许显著地改善伤口处理和伤口治疗。在各表面层之间构成一个较大容积的中间空间，其中仅存在间隔丝线。组织液体可以通过细孔的表面层进入到中间空间内并且在那儿进行容纳和存储。如果伤口衬垫通过覆盖物例如包扎材料或密封薄膜在伤口中压缩，那么伤口衬垫施加一个压力到伤口组织上，该压力使得组织液体从伤口组织压出，这附加地有利于治疗过程。
优选地至少一个软管与较大容积的中间空间连通，该软管尤其构成为抽出软管。由伤口通过细孔的表面层进入到中间空间内的组织液体可以在那儿抽出，其中由于中间空间敞开的容积实际上排除掺入。对于抽出尤其有利的是，覆盖物通过密封薄膜构成，该密封薄膜空气密封地覆盖具有伤口衬垫的伤口并且环绕伤口地密封地固定在皮肤上，如这由所谓的真空密封已知的那样。当然按同样的方式可能的是，通过中间空间处理液体通过输送管进行输送，该处理液体然后通过表面层到达伤口组织。通过处理液体的有控制的输送并且通过处理液体和伤口分泌物的抽出，优化的伤口处理是可能的。
另外纺织间隔材料的较高的压缩性结合密封薄膜另外允许有利地作用到伤口治疗和组织增殖中。伤口衬垫纺织设置到伤口中，借助于一个泵经由抽出管在密封薄膜下面产生一个负压到伤口上。通过抽吸作用一方面间隔材料克服间隔丝线的弹性进行压缩。另一发方面施加抽吸作用到伤口的组织上，因此拉力作用到组织的细胞上。如果抽吸过程结束，例如通过接通到抽出管中的阀关闭，那么在密封薄膜下面首先保持获得负压。通过间隔材料弹性的复位力，该间隔材料施加一个表面压力到伤口组织上。该压力一方面产生一个到伤口组织的细胞上压力。另一方面组织液体从中间细胞空间压出并且通过间隔材料的细孔的表面层到达间隔材料的敞开的中间空间内。由在抽出阶段期间的拉力和在间隔材料膨胀阶段期间的压力交替地作用到细胞上尤其强烈地刺激组织再生。第一这基于细胞循环地在彼此垂直的方向上变形。第二如下促进细胞生长，即在压力阶段期间减少细胞供血直至缺血，而在压力减少时进行反作用地充血和加强的血液再灌注。第三在各细胞之间存在的组织液体通过拉力作用和压力作用加强地运动并且一定程度上由组织“挤出”。
在较深的伤口中，伤口衬垫这样放到伤口间隙中，使得该伤口衬垫以两个表面贴靠到伤口表面上。在此间隔材料的弹性的复位力将间隔材料的两个表面彼此压开并且从而压向彼此对置的伤口表面。在此密封薄膜具有封闭伤口的目的，以便可以在伤口上产生一个负压。
在表面的伤口中伤口衬垫贴到伤口表面上，使得仅一个表面层与伤口表面接触，而反向的表面层贴靠到密封薄膜上。间隔材料的弹性的复位力在这种情况下支承在密封薄膜上。在此密封薄膜为此足够绷紧地张紧或者具有足够的表面刚性。
面状的纺织间隔材料可以按不同方式构成。在此尤其重要的是，通过弹性的间隔丝线构成足够大容积的中间空间并且间隔材料具有期望的弹性特性。另外重要的是，与伤口接触的表面层是组织易相处的、允许液体流过和防止伤口组织向内生长。以不同的方式可以满足这些标准。
间隔丝线的材料和尺寸按期望的机械的特性进行选择，即鉴于间隔材料或表面层间隔的厚度并且鉴于期望的弹簧力。与伤口接触的表面层可以由其他的材料构成。在此间隔材料构成间隔编织物，其中间隔丝线编织到构成表面层的纺织层中。
在此表面层可以是由生物相容的材料构成的纺织的材料层，其中材料层的较小的厚度和较小的网目宽度保证期望的结构。
在其他的实施形式中与间隔丝线一起编织的表面层可以由一种材料构成，该材料根据机械的和纺织技术的特性进行选择。在此表面层具有结构，该结构允许液体的流过并且防止伤口组织向内生长。为了保证表面层的生物相容性和织物相处性，该表面层用生物相容的材料进行覆层。在此覆层不允许明显影响表面层的结构。
另外一种实施形式是可能的，其中表面层具有一个大网眼的支承层，间隔丝线编织到该支承层中。在此支承层的材料可以根据机械的和纺织技术的特性进行选择。该支承层用由生物相容的材料构成的盖层覆盖。盖层例如可以是一个相应较小细孔的泡沫材料，其中泡沫材料的较小层厚避免掺入。盖层必要时也可以包含一种有效物质并且用作为药物载体。
优选一种聚合物的塑料尤其是聚乙烯醇用作为生物相容的材料。
附图说明
下面借助于在附图中描述的实施例详细解释本发明。其中：
图1示意地显示伤口衬垫的结构，
图2显示具有压缩的伤口衬垫的第一实施例，
图3显示具有膨胀的伤口衬垫的实施例，
图4显示在真空密封的情况下具有压缩的伤口衬垫的用于处理表面伤口的第二实施例，
图5显示具有膨胀的伤口衬垫的第二实施例，
图6显示具有压缩的伤口衬垫的用于处理较深伤口的第三实施例，
图7显示具有膨胀的伤口衬垫的第三实施例。
具体实施方式
按本发明采用一个伤口衬垫10，它的结构在一个实施例中示意地在图1中描述。伤口衬垫10由一个面状的纺织的间隔材料构成并且根据待处理伤口的相应的需求按适合的尺寸进行剪裁。必要时伤口衬垫也可以按预定的标准尺寸储备地保持。纺织的间隔材料具有一个第一表面层12和一个第二表面层14。表面层12和14通过弹簧弹性的间隔丝线16彼此间隔地保持。因此在表面12和14之间构成一个相对较大容积的中间空间18。在中间空间18中仅存在间隔丝线16，所述间隔丝线具有相对较大的相对间隔，使得中间空间18在伤口衬垫10的表面平面中很大程度上是敞开的并且在各间隔丝线16之间具有一个较大的自由的穿透横截面。表面层12和14可以在间隔丝线16弹性变形的情况下彼此挤压，因此压缩伤口衬垫10并且中间空间18变小。明显的是，本发明不是受限于一种仅具有一个第一表面层12和一个第二表面层14的伤口衬垫，而是也可以采用面状的纺织的间隔材料，其中在各表面层12与14之间还存在中间层，使得构成一个多层的中间空间18。
伤口衬垫10的面状的纺织的间隔材料可以按已知的技术进行制造。例如表面层12和14进行编织，其中间隔丝线16编织到表面层12和14中，使得在表面层12、14与间隔丝线16之间得到一个稳定的连接。对于表面层12、14和间隔丝线16采用适合的材料尤其是塑料。在此表面层12和14的丝线和间隔丝线16的相互编织允许采用不同的丝线用于表面层12和14和用于间隔丝线16。间隔丝线16关于采用的材料并且关于丝线厚度可以根据期望的弹性的特性进行选择。对于表面层12和14可以采用其他的丝线厚度尤其是较小的丝线厚度，以便得到一个柔性的较软的表面层12或14。用于表面层12和14的材料也可以不同于间隔丝线16的材料地进行选择。
伤口衬垫10在以后描述的应用中至少用其中一个表面层12和14与伤口表面接触。与伤口表面接触的至少一个表面层(在图1的例子中的第一表面层12)按本发明必须满足随后的标准。表面层12必须是生物相容的，也就是说在伤口组织中不产生不利的反应。另外表面层12具有一个结构，该结构一方面使得液体流过并且另一方面防止伤口组织向内生长。所述特性能够按不同的方式获得。可能的是，表面层12由生物相容材料的丝线制造。在此表面层12的纺织层可以这样构成，使得网目宽度或者细孔尺寸允许液体的流过，但是大大地排除伤口组织向内生长。也可能的是，表面层12的纺织层用一种生物相容的材料覆层。如果纺织层已经具有一个适合的网目宽度或细孔尺寸，那么一个较小的表面覆层是足够的，其中覆层的材料产生生物相容性。在此表面层的纺织层的材料不必具有生物相容性并且必要时可以根据其他的标准进行选择，例如根据机械的或者纺织技术的特性。如果表面层12的纺织层具有较大的网目宽度或细孔尺寸，那么具有生物相容的材料的覆层附加地用于把网目宽度或细孔尺寸降低到一个对于防止伤口组织向内生长必要的数值。
在另一实施形式中，如在图1中描述的那样，表面层12包括一个纺织层，该纺织层用一个盖层20覆盖。在此纺织层可以具有一个相对较大的网目宽度并且基本上用作为对于盖层20的支承层。在该实施形式中关于间隔材料的结构并且尤其是关于表面层12的作为支承层的纺织层存在较大的自由度。该自由度涉及网目宽度和对于纺织层的材料和丝线厚度的选择。盖层20具有生物相容的特性和需要的结构。例如一个较薄的泡沫材料薄膜可以用于盖层20，该泡沫材料薄膜由开孔的塑料泡沫例如聚乙烯醇构成。通过塑料的选择可以实现优化的生物相容性。盖层20的厚度和泡沫材料的细孔尺寸可以如下优化，使得尽可能较小地阻止液体流过，而可靠地防止伤口组织向内生长。取代由聚合物的塑料构成的泡沫材料，一种纺织的材料也可以用于盖层20，该材料具有合适的结构。
一种第一应用可能性在图2和3中描述。为了处理表面伤口22，一个根据伤口22的大小剪裁的伤口衬垫10敷设到伤口上。如果伤口衬垫10的材料仅具有一个带有必要的关于生物相容性和结构的特性的表面层12，那么伤口衬垫10用该表面层12贴到伤口表面上。紧接着伤口22和伤口衬垫10借助于适合的包扎材料24例如绷带进行覆盖。在此包扎材料24这样紧地包扎，使得伤口衬垫10面状地压到伤口22中。因此伤口衬垫10用其第一表面层12紧密地贴靠到伤口表面上并且大面积地与伤口22接触。在此包扎材料24的压力导致伤口衬垫10的压缩，使得表面层12和14克服间隔丝线16的复位力相互挤压并且中间空间18变小，如这在图2中示意地描述的那样。间隔丝线16的弹性复位力导致第一表面层12作用到伤口22的组织的压力，其中包扎材料24支承压力。通过伤口衬垫10压到伤口22的组织上的压力，存在于伤口组织中的组织液体由伤口组织压出。伤口液体流过第一表面层12并且到达中间空间18内。通过伤口组织的在此产生的压缩，伤口衬垫10可以在间隔丝线16的复位力下膨胀，如这在图3中示意地描述的那样，因此中间空间18变大并且可以容纳组织液体。伤口衬垫10按这样的方式可以容纳较大量的组织液体并且避开伤口组织，使得不经常需要进行包扎更换。
盖层20可以掺入有效物质例如药剂，其有利于伤口治愈、抵抗感染病源等。因为盖层20由于伤口衬垫10的弹性而与伤口组织紧密地接触并且保持，所以在盖层20内容纳的有效物质优化地施加到伤口表面上。
借助于图4和5解释第二实施可能性。
一个根据伤口大小剪裁的伤口衬垫10放置到表面伤口22上，其中放置到伤口表面上的第一表面层12按上述解释的方式生物相容地构成并且构成有适合的结构。伤口22和伤口衬垫10用一个空气密封的密封薄膜26覆盖。密封薄膜26在伤口22的外面用其边缘区域28粘到皮肤30上。密封薄膜26可以具有一个可封闭的开口。该开口例如可以通过可粘合的薄片或者朝外敞开的止回阀封闭。在置入伤口衬垫10并且通过密封薄膜26进行密封之后，伤口衬垫10面状地压缩，其中从外面例如用手表面施加压力到密封薄膜26上。在压缩时空气由伤口衬垫10通过密封薄膜26的敞开的开口或者通过止回阀漏出。在压缩之后开口例如粘合或者通过止回阀封闭。伤口衬垫10然后在膨胀的间隔丝线16的压力下贴靠到伤口表面上，这如上述说明的那样。
在一种变形方案中如在图4和5中描述的那样地附加地一个软管32密封地在密封薄膜26的下面进行引导并且在密封薄膜26的下方通到伤口衬垫10的中间空间18内。软管32构成有一个阀34。软管32连接到一个泵或者其他的负压源上，使得在阀34打开时在密封薄膜26的下面在伤口中产生一个负压。由于负压伤口衬垫10克服间隔丝线16的复位力进行压缩，如这在图4中示意地描述的那样。在此负压产生一个作用到伤口组织的细胞上的拉力。如果阀34关闭，如这在图5中显示的那样，那么压缩的伤口衬垫10产生一个到伤口组织上的压力。因此一方面施加一个压力到组织细胞上并且另一方面伤口液体由组织压出，所述液体通过表面层12到达伤口衬垫10的中间空间18内。在此伤口衬垫10膨胀，其中在膨胀时变大的中间空间18可以容纳伤口液体。在相应的时间段之后阀34又可以打开，以便伤口液体通过软管32从中间空间18抽出并且在密封薄膜26的下面重新产生一个负压。这个过程可以循环地重复，使得在抽吸期间到细胞上的拉力作用和在伤口衬垫10的膨胀期间到细胞上的压力作用交替，这有利于细胞增殖。
在这种应用时，伤口衬垫10在膨胀时支承在张紧在伤口上的密封薄膜26上。一旦薄膜的支承作用不是足够的，那么密封薄膜26可以通过加强衬垫36进行加强。另外在伤口衬垫中优选在中间空间18中或者在软管32的内部的端部上设置一个压力传感器，以便测量在伤口中在密封薄膜26的下面的压力并且根据压力情况控制抽出时期和膨胀时期。有选择地在伤口衬垫10中也可以设置一个应变传感器(Dehnungssensor)，以便测量表面层12和14的间隔即伤口衬垫10的压缩或膨胀的尺寸并且根据处理周期进行控制。
在图6和7中描述用于处理较深的伤口的另一应用可能性。
在该应用时一个按相应尺寸剪裁的伤口衬垫10置入较深的杯状伤口(Wundtasche)22中。在此伤口衬垫10用其两个表面层12和14分别贴靠到伤口22的彼此对置的表面上。因此在这种应用时两个表面层12和14按上述解释的方式必须构成生物相容的并且构成有必要的结构。
在伤口衬垫10置入到伤口22内之后，该伤口衬垫借助于密封薄膜26空气密封地进行封闭。一个具有阀34的软管32密封地在密封薄膜26的下面引导到伤口衬垫10上。如果在阀34打开时通过软管32进行抽出，那么在伤口22中产生一个负压。彼此对置的伤口边缘相互靠拢并且伤口衬垫10克服间隔丝线16的力压缩，如这在图6中描述的那样。由此施加一个作用到伤口组织的细胞上的拉力。如果阀34关闭的话，那么压缩的伤口衬垫10施加一个压力到彼此对置的伤口表面上。因此施加一个压力到伤口组织的细胞上并且压出伤口液体并且在扩大的中间空间18中容纳。在此伤口衬垫10支承在彼此对置的伤口表面上。
在图4至7的实施形式中按有利的方式也可以执行伤口22的滴注处理。在此处理液体或者经由软管32或者经由另外的在密封薄膜26的下面引导的输送管进行导入。因此得到无数其他的处理可能性。处理液体可以导入到中间空间18中，该处理液体通过表面层12或12和14的细孔的结构进入到伤口表面上。该处理液体和分离的伤口液体又可以经由软管32抽出。在处理时伤口衬垫10不必压缩或者仅这样地压缩，使得该伤口衬垫用表面层12或14与伤口表面紧密地接触。在此较大容积的自由的中间空间18保证，处理液体无障碍地施加到整个伤口表面上并且无障碍的抽出是可能的，而不存在通过形成凝结物等的掺入或粘合的危险。另外滴注也可以按上述的方式与产生负压结合。在此在控制的时间间隔中处理液体施加到伤口表面上，在伤口中产生一个负压并且通过膨胀的伤口衬垫10施加一个压力到伤口组织上。
附图标记列表
10伤口衬垫
12第一表面层
14第二表面层
16间隔丝线
18中间空间
20盖层
22伤口
24包扎材料
26密封薄膜
28边缘区域
30皮肤
32软管
34阀
36加强衬垫

Claims (18)

1.用于处理伤口的装置，包括一个与伤口表面接触的伤口衬垫和一个用于覆盖伤口表面和伤口衬垫的覆盖件，其特征在于：伤口衬垫(10)由面状的纺织的间隔材料构成，该间隔材料至少具有一个第一表面层(12)、一个第二表面层(14)和一个在各表面层(12、14)之间的中间空间(18)，其中至少第一表面层(12)具有一个生物相容的表面和一个结构，该结构允许流过液体并且防止伤口组织向内生长，并且在中间空间(18)中设置间隔丝线(16)，所述间隔丝线使第一表面层(12)和第二表面层(14)弹簧弹性地保持间隔。
2.按权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于：间隔丝线(16)由根据机械特性选择的材料构成并且至少第一表面层(12)由一个生物相容的材料构成。
3.按权利要求2所述的装置，其特征在于：至少第一表面层(12)包括一个由生物相容材料的丝线构成的、较小厚度和较小网目宽度的纺织层，间隔丝线(16)编织到该纺织层中。
4.按权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于：至少第一表面层(12)用生物相容的材料覆层。
5.按权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于：至少第一表面层(12)用由生物相容的材料构成的盖层(20)覆盖。
6.按权利要求5所述的装置，其特征在于：至少第一表面层(12)与间隔丝线(16)编织并且用作为对于盖层(20)的支承层。
7.按权利要求5或6所述的装置，其特征在于：盖层(20)由较小细孔尺寸的泡沫材料或者纺织材料构成。
8.按权利要求1至7任一项所述的装置，其特征在于：生物相容的材料是聚合物的塑料，尤其是聚乙烯醇。
9.按权利要求1至8任一项所述的装置，其特征在于：覆盖件是包扎材料(24)。
10.按权利要求1至8任一项所述的装置，其特征在于：覆盖件是密封薄膜(26)，该密封薄膜可密封地固定在包围伤口(22)的皮肤(30)上。
11.按权利要求10所述的装置，其特征在于：至少一个软管(32)与中间空间(18)连通并且可密封地在密封薄膜(26)的下面引导出来。
12.按权利要求11所述的装置，其特征在于：至少一个软管(32)可作为抽出管连接到负压源上。
13.按权利要求11和12所述的装置，其特征在于：至少一个另外的软管构成为输送管用于优选液态的处理剂。
14.按权利要求11至13任一项所述的装置，其特征在于：为了抽出和/或必要时的输送，可以有控制地打开和关闭所述至少一个软管(32)。
15.按权利要求14所述的装置，其特征在于：按可预定的时间间隔进行控制。
16.按权利要求14所述的装置，其特征在于：与在伤口(22)中的压力有关地进行控制。
17.按权利要求16所述的装置，其特征在于：在伤口衬垫(10)中设置压力传感器或者应变传感器。
18.按权利要求5至7任一项所述的装置，其特征在于：盖层(20)包含要施加到伤口上的有效物质。
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US9555170B2 (en) 2017-01-31
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US20080167593A1 (en) 2008-07-10
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