CN101084285B - 保护镜子上的电致变色层用的单面或双面胶粘带 - Google Patents
保护镜子上的电致变色层用的单面或双面胶粘带 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101084285B CN101084285B CN2005800437879A CN200580043787A CN101084285B CN 101084285 B CN101084285 B CN 101084285B CN 2005800437879 A CN2005800437879 A CN 2005800437879A CN 200580043787 A CN200580043787 A CN 200580043787A CN 101084285 B CN101084285 B CN 101084285B
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Abstract
保护镜子上的电致变色层体系用的胶粘带,它具有由至少一个顶部膜部分和一个底部膜部分(它们各自由至少一种聚合物膜形成)以及至少一个金属部分组成的多层载体,所述金属部分位于顶部膜部分和底部膜部分之间且由尤其铝的金属层形成,其中底部膜部分的外露侧携带粘合剂。
Description
本发明公开了保护镜子上的电致变色层体系的胶粘带,它具有对氧气和水蒸气,以及对其它有害气体具有阻挡效果的多层载体,且还具有不影响镜子的电致变色层体系的功能并与镜子形成坚固粘结的粘合剂。
在夜间驾驶期间,车辆的司机借助在车辆内安装的后视镜连续地受到紧跟而来的车辆的眩光而眩目。这种眩目不仅让人烦恼,而且含有大的潜在危险,这是因为车辆司机的注意力受到干扰,且由于眩光使司机不能合适地感觉和估计他或她前方的交通状况。
在车内镜子的情况下,迄今为止通过使用棱镜来解决这一问题,所述棱镜可机械地从白天的位置调节到夜间的位置。这一手动调节各镜子的位置必然分散司机的注意力,且此外带来无意中误调镜子的危险。
此外,在外部镜子的情况下,使用棱镜不是一种选择。
因此,寻求一种方式来自动变暗(dim)内部和外部的镜子。
在本领域中已知的镜子首先包括液晶镜子,和第二包括电致变色镜子。
DE3526973A1公开了一种用作车辆内部镜子的无眩光的液晶镜子。根据该专利,在支持基底上实现了下述结构:
·由例如氧化铟锡(ITO)制造的透明电极
·氮化硅层
·聚酰亚胺校准层
·液晶
·聚酰亚胺校准层
·氮化硅层
·作为反射器和电极的铝层;和最后
·支持基底。
该专利提出了各种类型的玻璃作为支持基底。当在两个电极之间施加电场时,镜子变暗。但液晶镜子拥有许多缺点,例如它们带来重像的危险和在最终损坏时出现液晶。另外,使用两块玻璃板封装上述层结构的结果是,所提出的结构非常重且具有非常厚的结构。
DE3784536A1通过使用电致变色的固态材料,提出了电致变色变暗来解决上述问题。电致变色性(electrochromism)描述了分子光学性能(例如,吸光)的变化,这是在体系外部或者存在于其内的局部电场导致的结果。电致变色性基于电场对电子状态的影响。电致变色性包括使用为响应外加电压而变暗的电致变色材料层。已有的电致变色材料保持为响应起始的电压输入而变暗。它们为响应中和电压而再次变亮。变亮或者变暗的程度直接取决于所施加的电压。对于镜子来说,公开了下述例举的结构:
·玻璃板
·例如氧化铟锡(ITO)的透明电极
·氢氧化镍的电致变色层(1)
·具有五氧化钽的绝缘层
·氧化钨的电致变色层(2)
·传导反射器层,例如铝
DE19908737A1教导了对于电致变色元件的长期稳定性来说,重要的是电致变色层结构兼有避免受存在于环境内的气体的影响和防止挥发性成分从电致变色层结构中移入的作用。因此一种方式是借助两块玻璃基底封装电致变色层。
还认为层体系的所需封装是为何仅仅用两块玻璃板保护的电致变色镜子体系能在市场上站稳脚跟的原因。
若在一些情况下车辆镜子必需双径向弯曲,则从技术角度考虑,借助必需具有相同曲率半径的两块玻璃板封装是非常难以实现的。进一步的问题是填充通过两块玻璃板封装的封装体且没有有害的气泡。发现这一问题的解决方法极端复杂,且公开于例如EP0613039A1中。
因此,除了所述结构的高重量和大的厚度的缺点之外,封装体在车辆镜子部件中使用时还具有进一步的缺点。
DE29917320U公开了一种胶粘带,它防扩散,具有高的抗撕裂蔓延性,且满足防火要求。它通过由复合铝-聚酯材料组成的载体材料来实现。在这一复合材料中,铝箔赋予对水蒸气的扩散阻挡,和聚酯膜保证改进的抗撕裂蔓延性,从而允许在拉伸应变下粘结胶粘带。
此外,在一面上粘合剂处理的铝化聚酯膜是现有技术。使用这一类胶带例如粘结末端或者连续粘结塑料涂布的侧壁覆盖层。
US6413645A公开了包括阻挡层的结构,该阻挡层尤其由金属氧化物或者金属氮化物组成。通过气相沉积施加并对空气或者水蒸气产生阻挡效果的铝层尤其广泛用于包装部件内。作为实例可提及例如DE19623751A。
本发明以其为基础的目的是提供一种胶粘带,对基本上二维功能层,例如电致变色层、电致发光层和/或OLED(有机发光器件;有机聚合物用作手机(cell phone)和照相机显示器的发光层),尤其对镜子,它提供容易加工、轻质和相对薄的保护,所述镜子根据DE3784536A1是已知的。
借助在第一独立权利要求中规定的胶粘带来实现这一目的。从属权利要求提供胶粘带的有利开发以及本发明胶粘带应用的优选领域。
因此,本发明包括保护镜子上的电致变色层体系用的胶粘带,它具有由至少一个顶部和一个底部膜部分(它们各自由至少一种聚合物膜形成)以及至少一个金属部分组成的多层载体,所述金属部分位于顶部膜部分和底部膜部分之间且由尤其铝的金属层形成,其中底部膜部分的外露侧携带粘合剂。
在本发明胶粘带内的金属层充当阻挡层,换句话说保持腐蚀促进物质,例如水、水蒸气、氧气、二氧化硫和二氧化碳远离待保护的材料(尤其基本上二维的功能层)。
金属层的渗透率尤其受限于下述数值:
·O2的渗透率<0.1g/m2/24h,尤其<0.01g/m2/24h,特别是<0.005g/m2/24h(这在23℃和50%相对湿度下测量)
·H2O的渗透率<0.1g/m2/24h,尤其<0.01g/m2/24h,特别是<0.005g/m2/24h(在37.8℃和90%相对湿度下测量)
在本发明的第一个有利的实施方案中,金属层的厚度为10nm-50μm,尤其18-25μm。
借助例如气相沉积,也就是说,借助真空热蒸发(用电子束在电作用下,通过阴极溅射或者金属丝电爆熔射(wire explosion),视需要在激光束辅助下),在聚合物膜上产生涂层,从而实现金属层施加到膜部分上。在这一情况下,金属层的厚度优选为10nm-30nm。金属层也可由辊压的金属箔组成。在这一情况下,金属层优选厚度为5μm-30μm。
可选择的金属包括银、铜、金、铂、铝和铝化合物、锡、Nichrome、NIROSTA、钛和金属氧化物,例如氧化镉、氧化锡、氧化锌和氧化镁。这一列举不应当被视为穷举;相反,本领域的技术人员在没有脱离本发明的概念的情况下,能选择没有在此处明确地规定的进一步的金属层。
如下所述构造胶粘带的有利的实施方案。
顶部膜部分是聚酯的聚合物膜,金属层是铝层,和/或底部膜部分是聚烯烃(优选聚丙烯或聚酯)的聚合物膜。
顶部膜部分是聚烯烃(优选聚丙烯)的聚合物膜,金属层是铝层,和/或底部膜部分是聚酯的聚合物膜。
进一步优选借助气相沉积施加到聚酯膜上的金属层,给聚酯膜提供金属层。
进一步优选通过聚合物膜的层压体,优选聚酯膜和聚烯烃膜的层压体形成各膜部分。
使用粘合剂(层压树脂),例如环氧树脂、三聚氰胺树脂、热塑性树脂等,粘结聚合物膜。
优选聚酯膜的厚度为10微米-40微米,和聚烯烃膜的厚度为20微米-120微米。
另外,还可在没有脱离本发明概念的情况下使用三层或多层的层压体。
在一个特别优选的实施方案中,两个膜部分各自由聚酯膜和聚烯烃膜(优选聚丙烯膜)的层压体组成,且置所述两个膜部分,以使得载体围绕优选的铝箔芯具有对称结构。
对称结构提供增加的热稳定性。与此同时,胶粘带使用时的平整状态(flat lie)获得明显的改进。
另外,顶部膜部分可带有选自包括金属化的聚合物膜的聚合物膜和金属膜中的进一步的层。
作为实例,可提及被证明有利的载体的进一步的结构。
·底部膜部分的聚酯膜
·顶部膜部分的聚丙烯膜
·在底部膜部分的聚酯膜上携带的金属层铝层,顶部膜部分携带所述顺序的下述额外的层:
·聚丙烯膜
·施加有铝层的聚酯膜,其中铝层以使得它靠着(lie against)聚丙烯膜的方式布置
·聚丙烯膜和聚酯膜的底部膜部分层压体,其中该层压体以使得粘合剂携带在聚丙烯膜上的方式布置
·顶部膜部分的聚酯膜
·在底部膜部分的聚酯膜上携带的金属层铝层,顶部膜部分携带所述顺序的下述额外的层:
·在顶部膜部分的聚酯膜上携带的第二铝层、第二聚丙烯膜,其中第二铝层以使得它靠着第二聚丙烯膜的方式布置。
作为聚合物膜,优选使用聚酯和聚丙烯。另外,例如由PU、PP、PE、PVC、PVDC、PEN、PAN、EVOH和PA、具有纳米复合材料的PA组成的膜也显示出突出的性能。
具有纳米复合材料的PA包括用页硅酸盐填充的PA。这些颗粒具有类似于滑石的片晶形状结构。与滑石相反,其粒度相当小(纳米范围)。这些颗粒在挤出的过程中取向并形成层结构。颗粒本身与玻璃一样对气体完全不可渗透。气体受到阻碍无法渗透该膜;这是改进的阻挡效果的基础。该层结构形成气体和香气必需穿过其中的一种曲径。由于粒度小,因此对膜的光学性能没有负面影响。
对于聚合物膜来说优选厚度为10微米至160微米的膜。
聚酯的优点是聚酯膜具有良好的阻挡性能。此外,该膜将确保在胶粘带部分上的温度稳定性,另外,增加的机械稳定性。
在本发明进一步有利的实施方案中,胶粘带在双面上配备粘合剂,以便同样在膜部分上存在进一步的粘合剂。
粘合剂优选基于丙烯酸酯聚合物、由溶液涂布的丙烯酸酯嵌段共聚物,丙烯酸酯分散体或者聚乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯聚合物。进一步优选粘合剂是自粘合剂组合物。
丙烯酸酯分散体是已知的且大量地不仅用于胶粘带中的粘合剂,而且用于标签中的粘合剂上。丙烯酸酯分散体包括在分散体的水相内分散分布的丙烯酸酯聚合物颗粒。
典型地通过聚合合适的单体在含水介质内制备丙烯酸酯分散体。可在聚合过程中或者借助间歇操作或者计量添加一种或更多种组分,从而进行其制备。在间歇操作的过程中,所需要的所有组分同时作为起始原料引入。
丙烯酸酯分散体和相应的粘合剂的性能主要由单体的选择和所得分子量决定。主要的单体是丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯和丙烯酸。在Donatas Satas编辑的Handbook of Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Technology,第2版,Van Nostrand Reinhold New York,pp/396-456的“Acrylic Adhesives(丙烯酸粘合剂)”,Donatas Satas中公开了合适的单体单元。
所使用的丙烯酸酯分散体尤其含有(在每一情况下以wt%计):
0-10%的丙烯酸单元
0-100%的丙烯酸正丁酯单元
0-100%的丙烯酸2-乙基己酯单元。
一个优选的变体使用具有0.5%-3%的丙烯酸单元的丙烯酸酯分散体。另一优选的变体使用具有0.5%-3%的丙烯酸单元和99.5%-90%,更优选99.5%-96%的丙烯酸正丁酯单元的丙烯酸酯分散体。本发明的丙烯酸酯分散体的进一步的实例是具有80%-90%的丙烯酸2-乙基己酯单元和8%-20%丙烯酸正丁酯单元的丙烯酸酯分散体。
丙烯酸酯分散体可另外包括进一步的单体单元,通过所述单体单元可例如控制玻璃化转变温度和交联度。实例是丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸甲基乙基酯、马来酸酐、丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、丙烯酸异丙酯、丙烯酸正丙酯、丙烯酸异丁酯、丙烯酸正辛酯和相应于这些丙烯酸酯的甲基丙烯酸酯。丙烯酸酯分散体典型地含有0%-10%的这些额外的单体单元;或者使用仅仅一种额外的单体单元,或者使用这些单元的混合物。
所得玻璃化转变温度取决于所使用的单体。在干燥状态下,本发明的粘合剂所使用的丙烯酸酯分散体的玻璃化转变温度尤其介于80℃至-15℃,优选介于-75℃至-25℃,和尤其优选介于-55℃至-35℃。
丙烯酸酯分散体的固体含量尤其介于30%至70wt%,优选介于45%至60wt%。
可提及的实例是获自Rohm&Haas的丙烯酸酯分散体Primal PS 83d和Primal PS 90。
适合于在非粘合剂丙烯酸酯分散体中使用的额外的单体优选作为任选地额外的单体与丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸的酯一起共聚。实例是丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨乙酯、乙酸乙烯酯、苯乙烯和马来酸酐。例如,ICI的EP0375215B1公开了这种分散体。视需要,该分散体可包括进一步的添加剂,例如填料或交联剂。合适的交联剂可以是环氧树脂、胺衍生物,例如六甲氧基甲基三聚氰胺,和/或胺、三聚氰胺(例如脲)与醛(例如甲醛)的缩合物。为了获得非粘合性聚丙烯酸酯分散体,已发现有利的是视需要添加例如与聚合物中的羧基反应的进一步的化合物。其实例是氮丙啶,例如亚乙基亚胺和亚丙基亚胺。
生产胶粘带所使用的粘合剂可包括进一步的组分。实例是树脂、增塑剂、染料、消泡剂和增稠剂,且还包括设定所需的流变学特征的进一步的助剂。丙烯酸酯分散体的改性是已知的且例如公开于Donatas Satas编辑的Handbook of Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Technology,第2版,Van NostrandReinhold New York,pp.457-493,“Modification of Acrylic Dispersions”,Alexander Zettl中。
树脂的水分散体,即树脂在水中的分散体是已知的。在例如DonatasSatas编辑的Handbook of Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Technology,第2版,Van Nostrand Reinhold New York,pp.545-566,“Resin Dispersions”,Anne Z.Casey中公开了其制备与性能。
烃树脂和改性烃树脂的树脂分散体同样是已知的,且例如由HerculesBV以商品名Tacolyn提供(实例:Tacolyn 4177)。
合适的分散体是基于软化温度介于50℃至100℃的烃树脂或者改性烃树脂的树脂分散体。该粘合剂可含有例如5%-28wt%的树脂分散体。树脂分散体中的固体含量典型地为40%至70%。
可混合该粘合剂与基于不同烃树脂的混合物的树脂分散体,以及基于烃树脂与其它已知树脂的混合物的树脂分散体。可能的实例包括烃树脂与小量基于松香或者改性松香或者酚醛树脂、其它天然树脂、树脂酯或树脂酸的树脂的混合物。
可进一步混合该粘合剂与增塑组分,例如增塑剂树脂、液体树脂、油或其它已知的组分,例如烷氧化的烷基酚类。烷氧化的烷基酚类是已知的,且公开于例如US4277387A和EP0006571A中。尤其在Donatas Satas编辑的Handbook of Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Technology,Van Nostrand ReinholdNew York,pp.471,“Modification of Acrylic Dispersions”,Alexander Zettl中提出了使用烷氧化烷基酚类作为增塑剂。
通过烷基和主要通过多元醇醚链的结构来决定烷氧化烷基酚类的性能。在制备过程中,可使用环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷二者。一种特别的变体使用丙氧化的烷基苯酚。优选水不溶性烷氧化烷基酚类。进一步优选沸点大于100℃,优选大于130℃,和尤其优选大于200℃的烷氧化烷基酚类。
使用交联剂可在较高的撕裂强度方面优化粘合剂。交联剂的选择与比例是本领域的技术人员已知的。用于丙烯酸酯分散体的交联剂原则上是已知的,且例如公开于Donatas Satas编辑的Handbook of Pressure SensitiveAdhesive Technology,第2版,Van Nostrand Reinhold New York,pp.411-419,“Acrylic Adhesives”,Donatas Satas中。
异氰酸酯基交联剂原则上是已知的,但考虑到有限的储存期和增加的工件安全成本,因此不是优选的。异氰酸酯基交联剂的实例是Basonat F DS3425X(BASF)。
优选不含异氰酸酯的交联剂,实例是基于多官能团金属的盐的交联剂。这些交联剂原则上是已知的且例如公开于US3740366A、US3900610A、US3770780A和US3790553A中。尤其合适的是基于锌的络合物的交联剂,它能与羧基形成共价和/或络合物类型的键。
证明合适的另一粘合剂是基于丙烯酸酯热熔体的粘合剂,它的K值为至少20,尤其大于30,且通过浓缩这一组合物的溶液,得到可作为热熔体加工的体系而获得。可在合适配备的罐或者挤出机内进行浓缩,尤其在同时脱气的情况下,优选脱气挤出机。
在DE4313008A1中列出了这类粘合剂。其内容在此通过参考引入作为本发明公开内容的一部分内容。在中间步骤中,从按照这一方式制备的丙烯酸酯组合物中完全除去溶剂。
另外,与此同时,除去其它挥发性成分。在由熔体涂布之后,这些组合物含有仅仅小的挥发物残留率。因此,可采用在以上引证的专利中要求保护的所有化学式/单体。所述组合物的进一步的优点是下述事实:它们具有高的K值,因此高的分子量。本领域的技术人员会意识到具有相对高分子量的体系可在较大的效率下交联。因此,挥发性成分的比例下降。
组合物的溶液可含有5%-80wt%,尤其30%-70wt%的溶剂。
优选使用商业上常规的溶剂,尤其低沸点的烃类、酮类、醇类和/或酯类。
进一步优选使用具有一个,或者尤其两个或者更多个脱气单元的单螺杆、双螺杆或多螺杆挤出机。
基于丙烯酸酯热熔体的粘合剂可通过共聚在其内掺入苯偶姻衍生物,作为丙烯酸的酯或甲基丙烯酸的酯,例如苯偶姻丙烯酸酯或者苯偶姻甲基丙烯酸酯。在EP0578151A1中公开了这类苯偶姻衍生物。
或者,可化学交联丙烯酸酯热熔体基粘合剂。
一个尤其优选的实施方案使用(甲基)丙烯酸及其具有1-25个碳原子的酯,马来酸、富马酸和/或衣康酸和/或其酯,取代的(甲基)丙烯酰胺、马来酸酐和其它乙烯基化合物,例如乙烯基酯,特别是乙酸乙烯酯、乙烯醇和/或乙烯醚的共聚物作为自粘合剂组合物。
残留的溶剂含量应该低于1wt%。
已发现尤其合适的粘合剂是以名称acResin UV或Acronal,特别是AcronalDS 3458由BASF销售的低分子量的压敏丙烯酸酯热熔粘合剂类型。作为最终辐射诱导交联工序的结果是,K值低的这一粘合剂获得其施加相容性能。
在本发明进一步的实施方案中,粘合剂基于乙酸乙烯酯分数为40%-90wt%和在190℃与2.16kg下ISO 1133(A/4)熔体指数MFI为0.5-25g/10min的聚乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)。
由于所述聚合物骨架在化学上未交联,和基于其单体的比例,该聚合物骨架仅仅略微结晶或者根本没有结晶,因此与MFI直接相关的分子量在粘合剂的内聚性方面具有决定性作用。在190℃与2.16kg下MFI为1-5g/10min证明是有利的数值。然而,若由熔体施加粘合剂,则添加MFI最多25的EVA部分可有助于改进流动性能。
粘合剂施加后,辐射交联工序(尤其借助电子束固化来进行)可提高内聚性并避免收缩(contraction)诱致的残余物。
为了获得辅助的所需性能,粘合剂可与一种或更多种添加剂,例如增粘剂树脂、增塑剂、老化抑制剂或填料共混。
提高粘合剂的粘合性能的增粘剂树脂的实例是烃树脂(它例如由不饱和C5或C7单体组成)、萜烯-酚醛树脂、由诸如α-蒎烯或β-蒎烯酯类原材料制造的萜树脂,芳烃树脂,例如苯并呋喃-茚树脂,或苯乙烯或α-甲基苯乙烯的树脂,优选松香及其衍生物,例如歧化、二聚化或酯化树脂,其中二元醇、甘油或季戊四醇可用于酯化,且在Ullmann`s Enzyklopdie dertechnischen Chemie,Vol.12,pp.525-555(第4版),Weinheim中列出了其它树脂。尤其合适的是不具有烯属双键的对老化稳定的树脂,例如氢化树脂。
增塑剂(其使用是任选的)的实例包括脂族、脂环族和芳族矿物油,邻苯二甲酸、偏苯三酸或己二酸的二酯和聚酯,聚醚和液体橡胶(例如,腈橡胶或聚异戊二烯橡胶),丁烯和/或异丁烯的液体聚合物,丙烯酸酯,聚乙烯醚,基于增粘剂树脂、羊毛脂和其它石蜡用原材料的液体树脂和增塑剂树脂,或者液体硅氧烷。
为了制备对UV作用甚至更加稳定的粘合剂,可添加光稳定剂。其功能主要在于防止粘合剂分解。本发明粘合剂尤其合适的是HALS光稳定剂,例如琥珀酸二甲酯与4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-1-哌啶乙醇的聚合物(CAS No.65447-77-0)、双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯(CAS No.52829-07-9),或者聚[[6-[(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)氨基]-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4-二基][[(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)亚胺基]六亚甲基[(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)亚胺基]](CASNo.70624-18-9)。
合适的填料和颜料例如是碳黑、二氧化钛、碳酸钙、碳酸锌、氧化锌、硅酸盐或二氧化硅。
优选基于一种或更多种嵌段共聚物的压敏粘合剂,所述共聚物进一步优选至少部分由基于(甲基)丙烯酸衍生物组成的至少一种嵌段共聚物,其中至少一种嵌段共聚物至少包括含至少一个聚合物嵌段P(B)和至少两个聚合物嵌段P(A)的单元P(A)-P(B)-P(A),其中
·P(A)彼此独立地代表由至少75wt%的基团A的单体组成的均聚物或共聚物嵌段,该(共)聚合物嵌段P(A)各自的软化温度范围为0℃到+175℃,
·P(B)代表由基团B的单体组成的均聚物或共聚物嵌段,该(共)聚合物嵌段P(B)的软化温度范围为-130℃到+10℃,和
·(共)聚合物嵌段P(A)和P(B)在25℃下没有彼此均匀地混溶。
进一步的优点是一种或更多种嵌段共聚物以至少50wt%的量存在于压敏粘合剂内。
证明有利的压敏粘合剂(PSA)是其中一种或更多种嵌段共聚物的结构可用下述通式中的一种或更多种描述的那些:
P(A)-P(B)-P(A)(I)
P(B)-P(A)-P(B)-P(A)-P(B)(II)
[P(A)-P(B)]nX (III)
[P(A)-P(B)]nX[P(A)]m (IV),
其中n=3-12,m=3-12,和X是多官能团支化单元,即不同的聚合物臂借助它彼此相连的化学结构成分,其中聚合物嵌段P(A)进一步彼此独立地代表由至少75wt%的基团A的单体组成的均聚物或共聚物嵌段,该聚合物嵌段P(A)各自的软化温度范围为0℃到+175℃,和其中聚合物嵌段P(B)彼此独立地代表由基团B的单体组成的均聚物或共聚物嵌段,该聚合物嵌段P(B)各自的软化温度范围为-130℃到+10℃。
聚合物嵌段P(A)可以是由基团A的单一种类的单体的聚合物链,或者可以是来自基团A不同结构的单体的共聚物;其中合适地它们可以是由至少75wt%的基团A的单体和最多25wt%的基团B的单体组成的共聚物。基团A所使用的单体可尤其改变其化学结构和/或侧链长度。因此,聚合物嵌段覆盖完全均聚的聚合物,经由相同化学母体结构的单体形成但链长不同的聚合物,和具有相同数量的碳但异构形式不同的聚合物,到基团A的不同异构体的不同长度的单体的无规聚合的嵌段。对于基团B的单体而言,聚合物嵌段P(B)也是这样。
按照本说明书,术语“聚合物嵌段”意图不仅包括均聚物嵌段,而且包括共聚物嵌段,除非另有说明。
单元P(A)-P(B)-P(A)的结构可以是对称的[对应于P1(A)-P(B)-P2(A),其中P1(A)=P2(A)]或者不对称的[对应于例如化学式P3(A)-P(B)-P4(A),其中P3(A)≠P4(A),但其中P3(A)和P4(A)各自为对P(A)定义的聚合物嵌段]。
有利的结构是其中嵌段共聚物具有对称结构,以便存在链长和/或化学结构相同的聚合物嵌段P(A),和/或存在链长和/或化学结构相同的聚合物嵌段P(B)。
P3(A)和P4(A)尤其可以在其化学组成和/或其链长方面不同。
基团A的合适单体含有C=C双键,尤其在真实的意义上的一个或更多个乙烯基和/或烯属基团。此处提到的烯属基团是其中不饱和C原子上的一些或者所有氢原子被有机和/或无机基团取代的基团。在这一情况下,丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸和/或其衍生物也包括在含有烯属基团的化合物当中。上述化合物以下统称为乙烯基化合物。
用作基团A的单体的化合物的有利的实例是乙烯基芳烃。具体单体包括例如苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、邻甲基苯乙烯、邻甲氧基苯乙烯、对甲氧基苯乙烯或4-甲氧基-2-甲基苯乙烯,然而,这种列举仅仅是例举。
作为基团A的单体,另外可有利地使用丙烯酸酯,例如丙烯酸酯封端的聚苯乙烯或者丙烯酸α-溴苯酯,例如和/或甲基丙烯酸酯,例如甲基丙烯酸酯封端的聚苯乙烯(例如,获自Polymer Chemistry Innovations的Methacromer PS 12)、甲基丙烯酸1,2-二苯基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸二苯甲酯、甲基丙烯酸邻氯苄酯、甲基丙烯酸对溴苯酯和/或丙烯酰胺,例如N-苄基甲基丙烯酰胺。
也可彼此混合使用这些单体。这些共聚单体的具体实例(没有任何要求全面列举)是甲基丙烯酸邻甲酚酯、甲基丙烯酸苯酯、甲基丙烯酸苄酯或甲基丙烯酸甲氧基苯酯。
然而,另外,聚合物嵌段P(A)也可构造为共聚物,以便它们在一定程度上由至少75%基团A的上述单体或者这些单体的混合物组成,从而导致高的软化温度,但也可含有最多25%基团B的单体,从而导致降低聚合物嵌段P(A)的软化温度。就此而论,作为实例可提及丙烯酸烷酯,它根据结构B1和与之相关的说明定义。
同样有利地选择弹性体嵌段P(B)中基团B的单体,以便它们含有C=C双键(特别是乙烯基和烯属基团)。
作为基团B的单体,有利地使用丙烯酸酯单体。为此,原则上可使用本领域技术人员熟悉且适合于合成聚合物的所有丙烯酸酯化合物。对于聚合物嵌段P(B)来说,优选选择单独或者结合一种或更多种其它单体导致玻璃化转变温度小于+10℃的那些单体。相应地,可优选选择乙烯基单体。
为了制备聚合物嵌段P(B),有利地使用75%-100wt%下述通式结构的丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸衍生物和最多25wt%选自乙烯基化合物基团中的单体(B2):
CH2=CH(R1)(COOR2)(B1)
其中R1=H或CH3和R2=H或具有1-30,尤其4-18个碳原子的直链、支链或环状的饱和或不饱和烃链;其中这些单体B2有利地含有官能团。
上述重量百分数优选加和为100%,但若存在其它(可聚合)的单体,则总和也可小于100%。
在化合物B1意义上作为聚合物嵌段P(B)用组分使用的基团B中的丙烯酸类单体包括丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸的4-18个碳原子的烷基、链烯基和/或炔基的酯。这种化合物的具体实例(不希望受到这些列举限制)例如包括丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸正戊酯、丙烯酸正己酯、丙烯酸正庚酯、丙烯酸正辛酯、丙烯酸正壬酯、丙烯酸月桂酯、丙烯酸硬脂酯、甲基丙烯酸硬脂酯、其支化异构体,例如丙烯酸2-乙基己酯和丙烯酸异辛酯,以及环状单体,例如丙烯酸环己酯或降冰片酯,和丙烯酸异冰片酯。
另外,可任选地使用选自下述组中的乙烯基单体作为提供聚合物嵌段P(B)用的单体B2:乙烯酯、乙烯醚、卤乙烯、偏卤乙烯,和在α位置上含有芳环和杂环的乙烯基化合物。再者,作为实例可提及可根据本发明使用的选择单体:乙酸乙烯酯、乙烯基甲酰胺、乙烯基吡啶、乙基乙烯醚、2-乙基己基乙烯醚、丁基乙烯醚、氯乙烯、偏氯乙烯、丙烯腈。
对于弹性体嵌段P(B)用的B2,作为含有乙烯基的单体的特别优选的实例,作为例举,以下单体也是合适的但并不限于此:丙烯酸羟乙酯、丙烯酸羟丙酯、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、烯丙醇、马来酸酐、衣康酸酐、衣康酸、苯偶姻丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸酯化二苯甲酮、丙烯酰胺和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯。
可使用的所有单体同样可以以卤化形式使用。
在PSA的进一步有利的实施方案中,它包括下述的共混物:
·至少一种二嵌段共聚物和至少一种三嵌段共聚物的共混物,或者
·至少一种二嵌段共聚物和至少一种星形嵌段共聚物的共混物,
·至少一种三嵌段共聚物与至少一种星形嵌段共聚物的共混物,优选前述组分中的至少一种,和有利地共混物中所有的嵌段共聚物组分在上述定义的基础上构成嵌段共聚物。
粘合剂的一个优点是,在粘结工序过程中,它允许位于粘合剂和物体之间的空气逸出。按照这一方式,几乎完全防止了空气的夹带。此外,很少形成间隙或者缺陷,通过所述间隙或缺陷空气或者水蒸气可再次进入和结果在粘合剂内部或者下方迁移到电致变色层内。
在进一步有利的实施方案中,胶粘带不透明并提供基底保护以避免辐射,尤其UV辐射。
存在可生产本发明胶粘带的许多方式。
一方面,可通过由粘合剂溶液涂布载体或者由熔体涂布来生产胶粘带,其中后一操作可通过挤出或者压延进行。
作为第三种方式,可通过转移方法将粘合剂施加到载体上。在这一情况下,首先由溶液或者作为熔体施加粘合剂到中间载体上,然后借助层压步骤连接具有阻挡效果的载体材料。
可一步施加粘合剂,但有利地也可两步或者更多步地施加粘合剂。因此,在不同步骤中施加的粘合剂层可借助不同的添加剂而具有不同的功能。
例如,在载体上的基础施涂可配备吸光颜料,例如碳黑,因此可在进一步的步骤中保护所施加的粘合剂避免直接辐射。任选地,与基底接触的整理层(finishing layer)也可与增粘剂树脂共混,同时基础层没有添加剂或者在其它情况下添加有添加剂。以上给出的实例不构成限制,相反仅仅代表在本发明概念内的所有可可以想象到的结合的例举。
可或者以卷材形式生产胶粘带,即以Archimedan螺线形式卷在自身上,或者在粘合剂一侧上用剥离材料,例如硅化纸张或者硅化膜给胶粘带加衬。后者特别合适地用于生产根据本申请成型的粘合剂模切物(diecuts)。
所使用的粘合剂没有影响各层的功能。它们在很大程度上没有迁移物质,尤其阻碍离子在各层之间输送的那些。此处尤其可提及单价和二价金属离子、酸和碱,以及可在层体系之间累积的所有迁移、变色物质。
为了粘结牢固的目的,在金属层上,和视需要在膜层上的粘合剂的层厚为10微米-200微米,尤其20微米-100微米,尤其有利的是40微米-80微米。
可借助涂布棒由溶液直接涂布粘合剂。在这一情况下,随后在商业常规的干燥风道内蒸发所使用的溶剂。同样合适的是借助喷嘴或者辊涂单元的无溶剂涂布。
对于尤其敏感的层来说,建议采用两种涂布技术的所谓的间接涂布。在这一情况下,待涂布的粘合剂没有直接涂布在各层上,相反首先涂布在剥离膜或剥离纸张上,随后借助辊压与实际的载体相连。
粘合剂可进一步用衬纸或者衬膜加衬。
尤其有利的是使用本发明的胶粘带保护基本上二维的功能层,例如电致变色层,电致发光层和/或OLED(有机发光器件,有机聚合物用作手机和照相机显示器的发光层),尤其保护镜子上的电致变色层体系。
具体地,在镜子制造情况下,对镜子上的复合材料有要求。在GDS10.000.001-00中列出了这些要求。另外,存在许多需要考虑的法规。值得强调的一种性质是作为镜子玻璃的安全覆盖层的合适性,这通过落球试验来测试。进一步关键的点是在不同负载下,例如在不同的气候地区、恶劣(aggressive)的气候、温度和大气湿度,和暴露于UV稳定剂下的应力试验和储存试验。本发明的胶粘带满足所有这些要求。
另外,也可利用本发明的胶粘带的突出效果保护显示器、(柔性)的太阳能电池和电致发光灯。
作为双面胶粘带,它不仅起到保护而且起到同时固定制品的作用。
本发明的胶粘带可作为连续卷材形式提供,以Archimedean螺线形式通常围绕硬纸板或者塑料芯缠绕,和以模切标签形式提供。后者可具有任何所需的形式,突出地适合于特定的最终用途。
以下所述的附图用于更详细地阐述本发明,因此不希望任何不必要的限制本发明的主题。
图1示出了在镜子外壳(housing)内粘合剂粘结的胶粘带的横截面。
图1示出了如何在镜子外壳10内粘结本发明的胶粘带。首先的三层20、30和40形成镜子部分,其中始于玻璃层,电致变色层30施加到其上,并用铝层40覆盖。
电致变色层30由没有详细地示出的下述层组成:
·例如氧化铟锡(ITO)的透明电极
·氢氧化镍的电致变色层(1)
·五氧化钽的绝缘层
·氧化钨的电致变色层(2)
本发明的胶粘带起到保护电致变色层30的作用,所述胶粘带具有下述结构:
粘合剂50的目的是固定胶粘带到铝层40上。载体本身由底部膜部分60(聚酯的聚合物膜)、铝的金属层70和顶部膜部分80(聚丙烯的聚合物膜)组成。
为了在镜子外壳10内依次牢固地固定胶粘带,上部膜部分80携带第二粘合剂90,第二粘合剂90将确保粘结到镜子外壳10上。
箭头是指空气和/或水蒸气在玻璃20和镜子外壳10之间渗透时的位置。若电致变色层30没有借助本发明的胶粘带受到保护以避免在其上进攻,则电致变色层迟早会失效。
以下说明的意图是参考实施例更详细地描述本发明,因此不希望任何不必要的限制本发明的主题。
实施例
将由聚乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯树脂混合物组成的自粘合剂组合物(它由66重量份乙酸乙烯酯含量为45mol%和熔体指数(根据ISO 1133,在190℃/2.2N下)为15-35g/10min的聚乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯和33重量份软化范围为80℃-110℃的氢化松香类型的甘油酯的增粘剂树脂组成)以40wt%的浓度溶解在甲苯内,并在具有涂布棒和干燥风道的涂布装置内,以250微米的厚度施加到600mm宽的组件上。
该组件包括23微米厚的聚酯膜,其顶部具有82微米的含有1wt%TiO2的聚丙烯膜,所述聚酯膜携带20微米厚的铝箔。
干燥温度为80℃和停留时间为3分钟。
在干燥之后,所施加的粘合剂的层厚为50微米。
在粘合剂侧上用36微米厚的硅化剥离膜给该材料加衬,并缠绕形成大型卷材。
产品厚度 微米 211
对玻璃的即时粘结强度 N/cm >3
对玻璃的粘结强度,80℃5分 N/cm >4.5
钟
水蒸气的不渗性 g/m2/24h <0.03
对水蒸气的不渗性为0.03g/m2/24h表明本发明的胶粘带对水蒸气的突出的阻挡效果。
本发明使用的粘合剂同样可在没有溶剂的情况下生产,另外可使用挤出机或者轧辊机生产。另外,可使用获自Rohm&Haas的丙烯酸酯分散体Primal DS 83和获自BASF的Acronal热熔体,且表明具有良好的结果。
Claims (14)
1.胶粘带用于保护电致变色层、电致发光层和/或OLED的用途,所述胶粘带是保护镜子上的电致变色层体系的胶粘带,它具有由至少一个顶部膜部分和一个底部膜部分以及至少一个金属部分组成的多层载体,所述顶部膜部分和底部膜部分各自由至少一种聚合物膜形成,所述金属部分位于顶部膜部分和底部膜部分之间且由金属层形成,其中底部膜部分的外露侧携带粘合剂,其中顶部膜部分是聚酯的聚合物膜,金属层是铝层,和/或底部膜部分是聚酯的聚合物膜。
2.权利要求1的用途,其特征在于所述膜部分各自由聚酯膜和聚烯烃膜的层压体形成。
3.权利要求2的用途,其特征在于两个膜部分各自由聚酯膜和聚烯烃膜的层压体组成,且布置所述两个膜部分以使得载体具有围绕金属层的对称结构。
4.前述权利要求任一项的用途,其特征在于,金属层是金属箔,或者已经通过气相沉积以层的形式施加到膜部分或者聚合物膜上。
5.前述权利要求任一项的用途,其特征在于,顶部膜部分带有附加的层,所述附加的层选自包括金属化的聚合物膜的聚合物膜和金属箔。
6.权利要求1的用途,其特征在于,载体具有下述结构:底部膜部分的聚酯膜,顶部膜部分的聚丙烯膜,在底部膜部分的聚酯膜上携带的金属层铝层,顶部膜部分携带所述顺序的下述额外的层:
聚丙烯膜,施加有铝层的聚酯膜,其中铝层以靠着聚丙烯膜的方式布置。
7.权利要求1的用途,其特征在于,载体具有下述结构:
聚丙烯膜和聚酯膜的底部膜部分层压体,其中该层压体以使得粘合剂携带在聚丙烯膜上的方式布置,顶部膜部分聚酯膜,在底部膜部分的聚酯膜上携带的金属层铝层,顶部膜部分携带所述顺序的下述额外的层:
在顶部膜部分的聚酯膜上携带的第二铝层、第二聚丙烯膜,其中第二铝层以靠着第二聚丙烯膜的方式布置。
8.前述权利要求任一项的用途,其特征在于,胶粘带是不透明的。
9.前述权利要求任一项的用途,其特征在于,载体的最外面的顶层携带第二粘合剂或者双面胶粘带。
10.前述权利要求任一项的用途,其特征在于,粘合剂基于丙烯酸酯聚合物、由溶液涂布的丙烯酸酯嵌段共聚物、丙烯酸酯分散体或者聚乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯聚合物。
11.权利要求3的用途,其特征在于所述聚烯烃膜为聚丙烯膜。
12.权利要求1的用途,其特征在于用于保护镜子上的电致变色层体系。
13.权利要求1的用途,其特征在于用于保护显示器、柔性太阳能电池和电致发光灯。
14.权利要求1的用途,其特征在于用于同时固定多个制品,其中所述胶带是双面胶粘带的形式。
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DE102004062770A DE102004062770A1 (de) | 2004-12-21 | 2004-12-21 | Ein- oder doppelseitiges Klebeband zum Schutz von Elektrochromenschichtsystemen auf Spiegeln |
PCT/EP2005/057059 WO2006067197A1 (de) | 2004-12-21 | 2005-12-21 | Ein- oder doppelseitiges klebeband zum schutz von elektrochromenschichtsystemen auf spiegeln |
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WO2008039659A2 (en) * | 2006-09-27 | 2008-04-03 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Corrosion resistant metallized films and methods of making the same |
JP4912228B2 (ja) * | 2007-06-15 | 2012-04-11 | 株式会社巴川製紙所 | 電子機器積層体 |
DE102008003546A1 (de) * | 2008-01-09 | 2009-07-16 | Tesa Ag | Liner mit einer Barriereschicht |
GB0811058D0 (en) * | 2008-06-17 | 2008-07-23 | Pilkington Group Ltd | Sealed switchable glazing |
DE102008062131A1 (de) * | 2008-12-16 | 2010-06-17 | Tesa Se | Klebeband, insbesondere zur Verklebung optoelektronischer Bauteile |
DE102009006591A1 (de) * | 2009-01-29 | 2010-08-05 | Tesa Se | Haftklebemasse |
DE102009045395A1 (de) * | 2009-10-06 | 2011-04-07 | Tesa Se | Doppelseitiges Haftklebeband mit flexiblem Träger |
JP2011096988A (ja) * | 2009-11-02 | 2011-05-12 | Keiwa Inc | 太陽電池モジュール裏面保護用粘着シート及びこれを用いた太陽電池モジュール |
JP6045055B2 (ja) * | 2010-11-30 | 2016-12-14 | 日東電工株式会社 | 表面保護シート |
JP5875318B2 (ja) * | 2010-11-30 | 2016-03-02 | 日東電工株式会社 | 表面保護シート |
JP6231254B2 (ja) * | 2010-11-30 | 2017-11-15 | 日東電工株式会社 | 表面保護シート |
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CN103881605B (zh) * | 2014-04-18 | 2015-04-29 | 太仓泰邦电子科技有限公司 | 一种电至变色发光双面胶带 |
DE102015117932A1 (de) * | 2015-10-21 | 2017-04-27 | Osram Oled Gmbh | Organisches optoelektronisches Bauelement und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines organischen optoelektronischen Bauelements |
DE102016213840A1 (de) * | 2016-07-27 | 2018-02-01 | Tesa Se | Klebeband zur Verkapselung elektronischer Aufbauten |
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- 2005-12-21 EP EP05826378.1A patent/EP1831323B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2005-12-21 CN CN2005800437879A patent/CN101084285B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-12-21 ES ES05826378.1T patent/ES2456019T3/es active Active
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WO2006067197A1 (de) | 2006-06-29 |
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JP2008524364A (ja) | 2008-07-10 |
DE102004062770A1 (de) | 2006-06-22 |
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