CN101074037A - 具有电驱动器的四轮摇摆车辆 - Google Patents

具有电驱动器的四轮摇摆车辆 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN101074037A
CN101074037A CNA2007101049265A CN200710104926A CN101074037A CN 101074037 A CN101074037 A CN 101074037A CN A2007101049265 A CNA2007101049265 A CN A2007101049265A CN 200710104926 A CN200710104926 A CN 200710104926A CN 101074037 A CN101074037 A CN 101074037A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
vehicle
wheel
electric drive
motor
drive according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CNA2007101049265A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
L·马苏特
M·D·圣图奇
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Piaggio and C SpA
Original Assignee
Piaggio and C SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Piaggio and C SpA filed Critical Piaggio and C SpA
Publication of CN101074037A publication Critical patent/CN101074037A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/356—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having fluid or electric motor, for driving one or more wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G21/00—Interconnection systems for two or more resiliently-suspended wheels, e.g. for stabilising a vehicle body with respect to acceleration, deceleration or centrifugal forces
    • B60G21/007—Interconnection systems for two or more resiliently-suspended wheels, e.g. for stabilising a vehicle body with respect to acceleration, deceleration or centrifugal forces means for adjusting the wheel inclination
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/46—Series type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/40—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for controlling a combination of batteries and fuel cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K5/00—Cycles with handlebars, equipped with three or more main road wheels
    • B62K5/01—Motorcycles with four or more wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K7/0007—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor being electric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/10—Road Vehicles
    • B60Y2200/12—Motorcycles, Trikes; Quads; Scooters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/10—Road Vehicles
    • B60Y2200/12—Motorcycles, Trikes; Quads; Scooters
    • B60Y2200/124—Buggies, Quads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K2204/00—Adaptations for driving cycles by electric motor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种四轮电驱动摇摆车辆(10)，该车辆具有借助铰接的四边形前悬架组(15)连接到车架(12)的前转向轮(11)和借助独立的纵臂悬架(16)连接到所述车架(12)的后轮(14)，该车辆包括至少一对电驱动马达(21)，每个电动马达分别用于每个前轮(11)，和/或每个电动马达分别用于每个后轮(14)，所述马达(21)由至少一个蓄电池组(22)通过电线连接和至少一个控制板(23)供电。

Description

具有电驱动器的四轮摇摆车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有电驱动器的四轮摇摆车辆。
在说明中，术语摇摆是指车辆相对于车辆本身绕纵向轴线摆动的特征，用术语摇摆指代所述摆动。
背景技术
四轮摇摆车辆由于其设计和由此产生的运动动力学特性而在主动安全性方面具有优点，由于四轮摇摆车辆在主动安全性方面的优点，申请人正在研究四轮摇摆车辆，该四轮摇摆车辆能够将摩托车在轻便方面的特征与四轮车辆的典型的稳定性和制动特性相结合。
在这方面，申请人已经开发了创新的四轮摇摆车辆，该四轮摇摆车辆是以代号WO 2005/058680 A1公开的PCT专利申请的目的，该四轮摇摆车辆配备有两个前转向轮和两个后驱动轮，所述前轮配备有悬架组，该悬架组由连接到车辆的车架的至少两个水平横杆和相互独立并且被约束到两个横杆的至少两个悬架组成，从而形成铰接的四边形，该铰接的四边形允许车辆的摇摆，相反，所述后轮配备有也被约束到车架的纵臂悬架，以便允许车辆的摇摆。
由于为了允许车辆摇摆而开发的特定方案仍保持其所有车轮与地面的接触，对于任何行驶和地面条件都保证了其稳定性，因此为WO2005/058680 A1的目的的四轮摇摆车辆是尤其可靠和安全的。
通过参考可用于地面运输车辆的不同驱动方案，而不考虑车轮的数量，还可得知，根据驱动器相对于车辆的位置，尤其在加速和制动期间，重量的转移和由此带来的车辆的平衡按照不同的模式影响车辆的动态特性。
为了在加速期间抵抗驱动或制动转矩，实际上，作用在轴上的反作用向车辆的后部移动，而在制动期间则相反。这意味着，在前轮驱动车辆中，在加速期间，前部趋向于变得较轻，结果前驱动轮上的载荷减小，前驱动轮时常也是转向轮，结果，尤其对于高加速度或在滑的道路上，车轮会放松附着力，并且车辆趋向于向弯道的外侧偏转。
相反，后轮驱动车辆(通常使用在两轮车辆中，尤其是助力自行车(motorbikes)和摩托车)具有弯道中的道路保持性(roadhold)的相反的问题，即，作为急加速的结果，或者紧在制动之后(载荷已向车辆的前方移动)的较温和的加速，车辆的后部会倾向于偏转，结果对驾驶员而言失去控制。
已开发出其中驱动力分配到所有车轮上的所谓的四轮驱动车辆，以便克服关于仅具有前轮驱动器或仅具有后轮驱动器的车辆的问题，尤其是便于在具有高坡度或差附着性的粗糙路面上驾驶。
基于分析已知类型的驱动系统，还可得知，对于在同一轴上的每对驱动轮，必须有差速系统，即，能够在两个车轮之间相等地分配转矩并使它们可在不同角速度下转动的机械机构，以便防止一个或两个车轮在弯道中打滑，在弯道中，由于外侧车轮必须经过具有较大长度的弯曲路径，而滚动半径是相同的，因此外侧车轮相对于内侧车轮必须在较高的速度下转动。
在四轮驱动车辆中必须有至少两个差速器(前面的一个和后面的一个)，可能在中间增加第三个差速器，以在前轴和后轴之间分配动力。没有中间差速器的车辆不能在沥青路上运行，这是由于前轮和后轮的平均速度的微小差别将导致变速器上的扭转，该扭转会损坏车辆。因此，在整体四轮车辆上有驱动器，用于断开四轮驱动器。另一方面，在粗糙表面和泥土道路上不出现该问题，其中速度差通过在具有低摩擦系数的地面上的车轮的滑动而被吸收。
对于保证四轮车辆上的驾驶安全性的很大帮助是为它们提供整体驱动器；倘若驱动系统如已在传统类型的整体四轮驱动车辆的情况下所述，能够类似于或好于通过机械差速器类型的机构正常实现的那样保证转矩在分别属于前转矩和后转矩的驱动轮之间适当的分配，那么这也适用于如WO 2005/058680中所述的四轮摇摆车辆。
为了实现该目的，在摇摆车辆的情况下，必须解决一系列生产问题，这是由于车架的不同结构，并且尤其是前悬架的特定的铰接的四边形构造，该构造在单个机构中结合了悬架运动、摇摆和转向，以及独立于后轮的纵臂悬架系统，这些不允许使用在非摇摆式整体驱动马达车辆的情况下使用的相同的运动差速传动手段。
为所述四轮摇摆车辆提供整体驱动系统的机会是明显的，该整体驱动系统配备有“驱动转矩控制”，该整体驱动系统相对于在传统类型的四轮车辆中使用的那些保证了使用的较大柔性和机械生产简单性。
发明内容
因此本发明的目的是通过为四轮摇摆车辆提供整体电驱动器解决已知技术的问题，该整体电驱动器为每个车轮都配备有一个电动马达，能够保证在分别属于前转矩或后转矩的驱动轮之间的转矩的适当的分配，并能够在前轴和后轴之间分配转矩，以便在任何路面上和在任何使用条件下完全安全地提供最大驱动力。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种四轮摇摆车辆，该车辆具有在结构上和功能上都极其简单的整体电驱动器。
这些和其它目的是通过根据本发明的具有整体电驱动器的四轮摇摆车辆实现的，该车辆具有权利要求1所包含的特征。
附图说明
本发明的其它特征和优点将从参照附图的本文说明而变得较明显，所述说明是用于示例性而非限制性的目的，在附图中：
图1示出根据本发明的具有整体电驱动器的四轮摇摆车辆的前悬架组的前视示意图；
图2示出根据本发明的具有整体电驱动器的四轮摇摆车辆的后部的平面示意图；
图3示出图2的摇摆车辆的后部的平面示意图，该摇摆车辆具有根据本发明的第一例的供电系统；
图4示出图2的摇摆车辆的后部的平面示意图，该摇摆车辆具有根据本发明的第二例的供电系统；
图5示出图2的摇摆车辆的后部的平面示意图，该摇摆车辆具有根据本发明的第三例的供电系统；以及
图6示出图2的摇摆车辆的后部的平面示意图，该摇摆车辆具有根据本发明的第四例的供电系统。
具体实施方式
参照附图，用附图标记10整体地指示根据本发明的优选实施例的具有整体电驱动器的四轮摇摆车辆，该四轮摇摆车辆配备有两个前转向轮11、车架12、把手13、两个后轮14、用于前轮11的前悬架组15和用于后轮14的独立纵臂悬架16。尤其是，前悬架组15由上横杆17、两个下横杆19和至少两个相互独立的悬架20组成，从而形成允许车辆的摇摆的铰接的四边形，上横杆17借助铰链18在其中部连接到车辆的车架12，下横杆19借助铰链20连接到车辆的车架12的端部，两个悬架20中的每个都在上方被约束到上横杆17的相应端部，在下方被约束到相应的下横杆19。
该方案使车辆可具有可转向并倾斜的两个平行的前导向轮，从而使其可像摩托车一样被导向(前部可与后部一起倾斜——摇摆运动)。由于前转向系统可相对于后部摇摆，因此前轮继而可像后轮一样倾斜，然而总是保持与地面接触，并且因此保证了与道路表面的较大的附着性。
如已经提到的，根据本发明的车辆的特征在于，使既包括前轮11又包括后轮14的每个车轮都设有对应的电动马达21，电动马达21容纳在车轮的轮毂中(如果必要，则适当地增大车轮的尺寸，以保证在其内部中的必需的空间)。
尤其参照图3，图3为了简单仅示出车辆10的后部，在车辆10上还安装有蓄电池组22，该蓄电池组可由例如具有或没有超级电容器的组合的基于铅(Pb)、铅-凝胶(Pb-gel)、镍-氢(Ni-Mh)和锂离子(Li-Ion)的蓄电池组成。蓄电池组22借助功能上可分为子控制板的适当的电子控制板24通过电连接装置23由车载(on-board)指令辅助给安装在包括前轮11和后轮14的四个车轮的每个中的电动马达组21供电。
容纳在四轮摇摆车辆的车架12内部的蓄电池组22可被取出，以可以允许和“在家”再充电。或者，可借助车载或非车载的电池充电器(未示出)实现不取出蓄电池22或者“就地”再充电，该电池充电器也可以容纳在车架12的内部，并且配备有电线，该电线具有用于连接到电力供给或较通常地连接到电源的插头。
本发明的方案如何通过由电子板24实现的控制允许安装在四个车轮的每个中的电动马达21中的每个的单独运行是明显的，因此能够在车轮的驾驶安全性方面获得较高的性能，电子板24在功能上可分为子控制板。
而且，通过速度和加速度传感器系统(未示出)，可以在任意时刻检查单个车轮的附着情况，该速度和加速度传感器系统一方面连接到每个车轮，另一方面连接到在功能上可分为子控制板的电子板24。
因此，在前轮11或后轮14中的一个或多个在加速期间展现出偏转的情况下，控制板24和/或其子控制板可通过直接地限制由马达或对应的马达供给的转矩而进行干预，重新建立附着条件。
在一个或多个车轮在制动期间展现出偏转的情况下，控制板24和/或其子控制板可通过直接地增大由马达或对应的马达供给的转矩而进行干预，用制动装置的相同压力重新建立附着条件。因此，在该意义上，马达的电子管理被提供为对已知的ABS系统(车辆上有或没有)的帮助和/或替代方案。
而且，通过在车辆上安装一个或多个加速度计和/或陀螺仪(未示出)，可以在任意时刻检查车辆自身的横摆运动，并将其与几何倾斜和转向角相比较，以获得从驾驶员希望的轨迹的可能的偏移。在展现出偏移的情况下，电子控制板24直接地或通过其子控制板作用于由电动马达21供给的转矩，以便恢复正确的横摆角速度。
在参照图1-3说明的实施例中，车辆的每个车轮都有电动马达21，除了参照图1-3说明的实施例之外，还设计了替代实施例，其中或者仅在两个前轮11上有马达，或者仅在后轮14上有马达。
即使车轮都配备有马达，它们也可以在驾驶员的命令下成对使用、仅使用前轮、仅使用后轮或者全部一起使用。
驱动模式的选择取决于各种因素：所需性能、自主性和附着性。为特定驾驶情况方便地保留了整体驱动器的触发，该驾驶情况由于选择器(未示出)而可由车辆的驾驶员选择。所有车轮上的驱动通常将特权给予性能和机动性，并且在低附着性条件下总是适当的，但其可在任何情况下基于驾驶员的个人考虑而建立。
参照图4，该图示出本发明的车辆的替代实施例，尤其意在提高车辆的自主性。根据该实施例，实际上，设计有内燃机25，该内燃机在稳定的或半稳定的工况下工作，或在适于维持车辆上的正确的电能平衡的任何情况下工作，作为用于给蓄电池22再充电的发电机。该方案产生了称为“热/电串联混合装置”的驱动系统，按照由控制板24和/或子控制板预定并激活的逻辑，电动马达21由蓄电池供电，蓄电池组22由内燃机25根据蓄电池自身的情况和车辆10的使用类型按照再充电循环再充电。
内燃机25可被供给有不同的燃料，如用于机动车辆的汽油、柴油、甲烷、气态氢、液化石油气(LPG)和乙醇。
此外，参照图5，该图示出另一个实施例，尤其意在提高车辆10的自主性，使用涡轮气体(turbogas)马达实现，示意性地示出该涡轮气体马达的盘形轮26和交流发电机/发电机27。当涡轮气体马达在稳定的或半稳定的工况下工作或在适于维持车辆上的正确的电能平衡的任何情况下工作时，该涡轮气体马达用作用于给蓄电池22再充电的发电机。该方案产生了称为“涡轮气体/电串联混合装置”的驱动系统，电动马达通过蓄电池组22供电，如在已说明的情况下那样。在这种情况下，按照由控制板24和/或子控制板预定并激活的逻辑，蓄电池组22继而由涡轮气体马达根据蓄电池自身的情况和车辆的使用类型安装再充电系统再充电。
涡轮气体马达可被设计成由不同类型的燃料供给，如煤油、用于机动车辆的汽油、柴油、甲烷、LPG和乙醇。
在图6中示出意在提高车辆的自主性的车辆10的另一个实施例，并且该实施例被设计成使用一个或多个燃料电池28作为用于蓄电池的再充电的发电机：该方案产生了称为“燃料电池电驱动器”的系统，电动马达21由蓄电池组22供电，如在已述情况下那样。
压缩的气态氢或吸收在金属氢化物上的氢或者用于燃料电池的其它类型的特定燃料可被用作进料(feeding)。
根据上文说明的所有替代实施例，可以与蓄电池组22并联地组装超级电容器，以便有效地处理对于电力的突然的要求(例如在加速期间)，该对于电力的突然的要求会损坏蓄电池或无法由电池处理。
这些实施例还允许由于任何原因而仅在“电动”模式下使用车辆，暂时停用蓄电池的再充电单元。也可以当车辆停止时用插入的防盗报警器(机械的和/或电动的和/或电子的)使用蓄电池的再充电单元，以便当允许时，在停止和/或驻车期间给蓄电池组22再充电。
如此构思的四轮摇摆车辆可经过大量修改和变型，所有都包括在本发明中；并且所有细节可由技术上的等效元件代替。实际上，可根据技术要求改变所使用的材料和尺寸。

Claims (15)

1.一种四轮电驱动摇摆车辆(10)，所述车辆具有借助铰接的四边形前悬架组(15)连接到车架(12)的前转向轮(11)和借助独立的纵臂悬架(16)连接到所述车架(12)的后轮(14)，其特征在于，所述车辆包括至少一对电驱动马达(21)，分别是，对于每个前轮(11)有一个电动马达，和/或对于每个后轮(14)有一个电动马达，所述马达(21)由至少一个蓄电池组(22)通过电连接装置(23)供电。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有电驱动器的四轮摇摆车辆(10)，其特征在于，所述电动马达(21)容纳在所述车轮(11，14)的轮毂中。
3.根据权利要求1所述的具有电驱动器的四轮摇摆车辆(10)，其特征在于，所述至少一个蓄电池组(22)可被取出，以允许运输和“在家”再充电。
4.根据权利要求1所述的具有电驱动器的四轮摇摆车辆(10)，其特征在于，所述车辆包括用于所述至少一个蓄电池组(22)的“就地”再充电的至少一个蓄电池充电器。
5.根据权利要求1所述的具有电驱动器的四轮摇摆车辆(10)，其特征在于，所述车辆包括用于能量流动的电驱动控制和每个电动马达(21)的再充电的至少一个电子板(24)，该电子板在功能上可分为子控制板。
6.根据权利要求5所述的具有电驱动器的四轮摇摆车辆(10)，其特征在于，在功能上可分为子控制板的所述控制板(24)连接到速度和加速度传感器，所述速度和加速度传感器连接到单个车轮(11，14)以在任意时刻检查车轮的附着情况。
7.根据权利要求5所述的具有电驱动器的四轮摇摆车辆(10)，其特征在于，所述板和/或子板连接到一个或多个加速度计和/或陀螺仪，以在任意时刻检查所述车辆的横摆运动，并将其与几何倾斜和转向角相比较，以获得从驾驶员希望的轨迹的可能的偏移。
8.根据权利要求1所述的具有电驱动器的四轮摇摆车辆(10)，其特征在于，所述车辆包括四个电动马达(21)和选择器，每个电动马达用于一个车轮，所述选择器仅用于前轮(11)的马达、仅用于后轮(14)的马达或同时用于所有电动马达(21)。
9.根据权利要求1所述的具有电驱动器的四轮摇摆车辆(10)，其特征在于，所述车轮还包括作为用于给蓄电池(22)再充电的发电机的内燃机(25)，所述内燃机在稳定的或半稳定的工况下或在适于维持车辆上的正确的电能平衡的任何情况下工作。
10.根据权利要求9所述的具有电驱动器的四轮摇摆车辆(10)，其特征在于，所述内燃机(25)可被供给有不同的燃料，如用于机动车辆的汽油、柴油、甲烷、气态氢、LPG和乙醇。
11.根据权利要求1所述的具有电驱动器的四轮摇摆车辆(10)，其特征在于，所述车辆还包括作为用于给蓄电池(22)再充电的发电机的涡轮气体马达，所述涡轮气体马达在稳定的或半稳定的工况下或在适于维持车辆上的正确的电能平衡的任何情况下工作。
12.根据权利要求11所述的具有电驱动器的四轮摇摆车辆(10)，其特征在于，所述车辆可被供给有不同的燃料，如煤油、用于机动车辆的汽油、柴油、甲烷、LPG和乙醇。
13.根据权利要求1所述的具有电驱动器的四轮摇摆车辆(10)，其特征在于，所述车辆还包括作为用于蓄电池(22)的再充电的发电机的一个或多个燃料电池(28)。
14.根据权利要求13所述的具有电驱动器的四轮摇摆车辆(10)，其特征在于，所述车辆可被供给有不同的燃料，如压缩的气态氢或吸收在金属氢化物上的氢。
15.根据权利要求1所述的具有电驱动器的四轮摇摆车辆(10)，其特征在于，所述车辆还包括与所述蓄电池组(22)并联设置的超级电容器。
CNA2007101049265A 2006-05-17 2007-05-17 具有电驱动器的四轮摇摆车辆 Pending CN101074037A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITMI2006A000976 2006-05-17
IT000976A ITMI20060976A1 (it) 2006-05-17 2006-05-17 Veicolo rollante a quattro ruote a trazione elettrica

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN101074037A true CN101074037A (zh) 2007-11-21

Family

ID=38255167

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CNA2007101049265A Pending CN101074037A (zh) 2006-05-17 2007-05-17 具有电驱动器的四轮摇摆车辆

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20070278023A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP1864843A3 (zh)
JP (1) JP2007312596A (zh)
CN (1) CN101074037A (zh)
IT (1) ITMI20060976A1 (zh)
TW (1) TW200815232A (zh)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102202932A (zh) * 2008-10-16 2011-09-28 约翰·汉森·博尔内 电动机车辆
CN101716972B (zh) * 2008-09-05 2012-07-25 雅马哈发动机株式会社 骑乘型四轮车辆
CN107499430A (zh) * 2017-09-15 2017-12-22 王志明 游动式摆动车
CN109665050A (zh) * 2017-10-13 2019-04-23 株式会社岛野 自行车用驱动单元
US11505026B2 (en) 2016-09-28 2022-11-22 Piaggio & C. S.P.A. Suspension assembly for a tilting vehicle, forecarriage and tilting vehicle

Families Citing this family (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8521384B2 (en) * 2008-01-28 2013-08-27 Textron Innovations Inc. Turf maintenance vehicle all-wheel drive system
US8091677B2 (en) * 2008-03-27 2012-01-10 GM Global Technology Operations LLC System and method of differentiating rotational speed and torque between wheels of a hybrid vehicle
CN101638106B (zh) * 2008-07-31 2011-07-20 上海坤孚企业(集团)有限公司 一种电动车转弯车轮倾斜结构
CN101638107B (zh) * 2008-07-31 2011-07-20 上海坤孚企业(集团)有限公司 一种用于电动三轮车的平衡装置
US9020618B2 (en) * 2010-04-26 2015-04-28 Empire Technology Development Llc Accelerometer based controller and/or controlled device
US8706331B2 (en) * 2010-05-27 2014-04-22 Boxx Corp. Two wheeled vehicle with all wheel drive system
DE102010021996A1 (de) * 2010-05-29 2011-12-01 Audi Ag Verfahren zum Betreiben zweier Antriebe sowie Kraftfahrzeug mit zwei Antrieben, die auf voneinander entkoppelte Räder arbeiten
TWI408073B (zh) * 2010-07-19 2013-09-11 Univ Nat Taiwan Science Tech 高安全性三輪機動車
KR101034814B1 (ko) * 2010-12-22 2011-05-16 오봉석 전동형 4륜 오토바이
WO2012163567A1 (de) * 2011-05-27 2012-12-06 Robert Bosch Gmbh Schräglagenabhängige anpassung einer bremskraftregelung bei einspurigen fahrzeugen
US8596660B2 (en) 2012-01-18 2013-12-03 National Taiwan University Of Science And Technology Three-wheeled motor vehicle with high safety
JP2013233895A (ja) * 2012-05-10 2013-11-21 Jtekt Corp 車両
EP2692612A1 (en) * 2012-08-02 2014-02-05 Rodney Ian Rawlinson Wheeled vehicle
JP2014196096A (ja) 2013-03-29 2014-10-16 ヤマハ発動機株式会社 アンチスキッド装置、車両及び自動二輪車
US20140358343A1 (en) * 2013-05-28 2014-12-04 Raymond Louis Chastang, JR. Vehicle tire frictional drive rotational power and energy source
US9061564B1 (en) 2013-12-18 2015-06-23 Automotive Research & Testing Center Active vehicle with a variable inclination apparatus and method of using the same
US10016666B2 (en) * 2015-09-04 2018-07-10 Sun Mountain Sports, Inc. Collapsible single passenger riding golf bag cart
KR20150117626A (ko) * 2015-09-30 2015-10-20 권용범 두 개 이상의 전동구동바퀴를 가지는 운송수단의 자체부하에 의한 구동제어.
JP2017222301A (ja) * 2016-06-16 2017-12-21 ヤマハ発動機株式会社 車両
US20180079291A1 (en) * 2016-09-22 2018-03-22 Top Flight Technologies, Inc. Power generation and distribution for land-based vehicle propulsion
CN108327471A (zh) * 2018-04-27 2018-07-27 陈炜 轮式机器人悬架结构

Family Cites Families (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB9706909D0 (en) * 1997-04-04 1997-05-21 Adds Graham J Electric vehicles
US5921338A (en) * 1997-08-11 1999-07-13 Robin L. Edmondson Personal transporter having multiple independent wheel drive
DE60007917T2 (de) * 1999-05-26 2004-10-28 Toyota Jidosha K.K., Toyota Hybrid Kraftfahrzeug mit eingebauten Brennstoffzellen und Steuerverfahren dafür
JP2002165309A (ja) * 2000-11-20 2002-06-07 Honda Motor Co Ltd 燃料電池式四輪自動車
JP3771441B2 (ja) * 2000-12-05 2006-04-26 本田技研工業株式会社 燃料電池搭載自動車
JP4109852B2 (ja) * 2001-10-19 2008-07-02 ヤマハ発動機株式会社 電動二輪車のスロットル開度検出装置
TWI346067B (en) * 2003-12-19 2011-08-01 Piaggio & C Spa Four-wheeled vehicle
JP3993564B2 (ja) * 2004-01-13 2007-10-17 三菱重工業株式会社 シリーズハイブリッド電気自動車
JP3998000B2 (ja) * 2004-03-24 2007-10-24 株式会社日立製作所 ハイブリッド四輪駆動車の制御装置およびハイブリッド四輪駆動車
DE102004023619A1 (de) * 2004-05-10 2005-12-01 Volkswagen Ag Elektrisches Energiesystem in einem Hybridfahrzeug
US7374012B2 (en) * 2004-05-24 2008-05-20 Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha Operation control system for small-sized vehicle
US7440834B2 (en) * 2004-07-13 2008-10-21 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Drive force distribution system for four wheel independent drive vehicle
US7207588B2 (en) * 2004-07-19 2007-04-24 Mattel, Inc. Children's ride-on vehicle assemblies having trailing vehicle detection systems
DE102005019489A1 (de) * 2005-04-27 2006-11-09 Krauss-Maffei Wegmann Gmbh & Co. Kg Allradangetriebenes Kraftfahrzeug
US7398842B2 (en) * 2005-05-24 2008-07-15 Fontecchio Bruce E Articulating quad-drive wheelchair
US7849945B2 (en) * 2006-02-24 2010-12-14 Honda Motor Co., Ltd Modular electric powertrain for a vehicle
US7451034B2 (en) * 2006-03-10 2008-11-11 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Traction control using dynamic tire friction potential
US20090014223A1 (en) * 2007-07-09 2009-01-15 Jones Robert M Differential for a lightweight vehicle

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101716972B (zh) * 2008-09-05 2012-07-25 雅马哈发动机株式会社 骑乘型四轮车辆
CN102202932A (zh) * 2008-10-16 2011-09-28 约翰·汉森·博尔内 电动机车辆
US8914175B2 (en) 2008-10-16 2014-12-16 Barry WESTLAKE Electric motor vehicle
CN102202932B (zh) * 2008-10-16 2015-12-02 约翰·汉森·博尔内 电动机车辆
US11505026B2 (en) 2016-09-28 2022-11-22 Piaggio & C. S.P.A. Suspension assembly for a tilting vehicle, forecarriage and tilting vehicle
CN107499430A (zh) * 2017-09-15 2017-12-22 王志明 游动式摆动车
CN107499430B (zh) * 2017-09-15 2024-02-02 王志明 游动式摆动车
CN109665050A (zh) * 2017-10-13 2019-04-23 株式会社岛野 自行车用驱动单元

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1864843A2 (en) 2007-12-12
JP2007312596A (ja) 2007-11-29
ITMI20060976A1 (it) 2007-11-18
US20070278023A1 (en) 2007-12-06
EP1864843A3 (en) 2009-11-04
EP1864843A8 (en) 2010-01-13
TW200815232A (en) 2008-04-01

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN101074037A (zh) 具有电驱动器的四轮摇摆车辆
JP4167667B2 (ja) ハイブリッド二輪車
ES2905303T3 (es) Sistema de control de accionamiento del vehículo y vehículo
CN1982105B (zh) 轮式车辆的悬架倾斜模块和配备悬架倾斜模块的轮式车辆
US20090166106A1 (en) Vehicles Having Tandem Axle Assembly
US20110163516A1 (en) Flywheel assemblies and vehicles including same
CN1827418A (zh) 车辆再生制动控制设备及方法
WO1995034460A1 (en) Motor vehicle
WO2009059401A1 (en) Auxiliary drive device
CN103328284A (zh) 在挂车摆动过程中用于混合电动车辆的能源管理
US20080308328A1 (en) Low cost conversion of any internal combustion vehicle into plug-in hybrid electric vehicle
CN102700399B (zh) 轮毂电机驱动型电动汽车
CN101007506A (zh) 具有整体电动车轮驱动器的双轮车辆
WO2019049109A1 (en) BATTERY SYSTEM FOR ELECTRIC SNOW VEHICLE
US10252620B2 (en) Range extending charging system for an electric vehicle
CN104890529A (zh) 一种代步电动汽车
CN201070977Y (zh) 电动汽车
EP1982905B1 (en) Electrically powered vehicle, having wheels arranged in a rhombus-like configuration
CN2839021Y (zh) 电动汽车
CN1935556A (zh) 再生动力车驱动系统
JP2017094835A (ja) ハイブリッド車両の回生電力量制御システム、ハイブリッド車両及びハイブリッド車両の回生電力量制御方法
KR102374071B1 (ko) 고효율 발전기를 탑재한 4륜 조향이 가능한 전기자동차
JP2009089597A (ja) 電気自動車などの複数駆動源システムの最適駆動力・駆動分散・連動・バックアップ付・システムによる最適省エネ自動車。
CN110626160B (zh) 用于车辆的非对称电池组
JP2017038470A (ja) 電気自動車の制動制御装置

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: HK

Ref legal event code: DE

Ref document number: 1113337

Country of ref document: HK

C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
C02 Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001)
WD01 Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication

Open date: 20071121

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: HK

Ref legal event code: WD

Ref document number: 1113337

Country of ref document: HK