CN101052598A - 二向色镜 - Google Patents

二向色镜 Download PDF

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CN101052598A
CN101052598A CNA200580037649XA CN200580037649A CN101052598A CN 101052598 A CN101052598 A CN 101052598A CN A200580037649X A CNA200580037649X A CN A200580037649XA CN 200580037649 A CN200580037649 A CN 200580037649A CN 101052598 A CN101052598 A CN 101052598A
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L·奥梅尔西耶
P·A·德雷德米
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    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
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    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
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    • C03C17/3642—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating containing a metal layer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
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    • G02B5/20—Filters
    • G02B5/207—Filters comprising semiconducting materials
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Abstract

本发明涉及也被称作滤光器的二向色镜。特别地，本发明涉及后视镜，该后视镜包括涂覆有干涉层堆和金属反射器的玻璃质基材。该层堆从基材开始逐次包括：i)范围为1.9－2.8的高折射率材料的一个层，ii)范围为1.2－2的较低折射率材料的一个层，iii)折射率大于3的半导体材料的一个层。高折射率材料与低折射率材料的折射率相差至少0.2，且涂覆的基材在550nm的透射率为至少6％，优选至少8％，并且在550nm的反射率大于45％，优选大于50％。

Description

二向色镜
技术领域
本发明涉及也被称作滤光器的二向色镜。特别地，本发明涉及后视镜，该后视镜包括涂覆有干涉层堆(stack)和金属反射器的玻璃质基材。
背景技术
几种构造是已知的，这些构造包括将后视镜与隐藏于镜表面之后的显示器、发射器和/或电磁传感器结合在一起的系统。在这些系统中，显示器/发射器或传感器通过所述镜进行操作，而所述镜本身反射其功能所期望的，这归因于特定的涂层布置，该涂层布置同时地具有(1)反射可见光谱中的大部分的能力以及(2)可透射足够量的由显示器/发射器发射的和/或由传感器吸收的电磁辐射。
所有这些安装在道路车辆上的系统通常具有35-55％的反射率(通常依照SAE J964或者相当的操作程序来测定)，并且常常构建有一个或多个反射层，该反射层置于相比于观测器位置的所述镜的前表面上。这种实施方式同时将反射率和透射率最大化，这在二者都必须要覆盖电磁波谱中大致相同的部分时是一个相当具有挑战性的任务。
在某些情况下，在前表面上使用反射层的系统构造并不是有利的，因而需要包括在后表面上的干扰层堆的二向色镜。当使用后表面构造时，为了反射率通常要牺牲透射率。例如，当使用铬薄层作为反射器时，已知可以获得下面的数值：
  反射率*％   透射率*％
  58.8   1.4
  53.7   5.1
  45.4   9.4
  40.8   12.1
  35   15.4
*这里所测量的反射率和透射率依照SAE J964操作程序。它们表示在可见光谱上的积分值。
因而可以理解，一旦反射率超过58-60％，则几乎没有光被透射。
已经发现，在基材的后表面上，根据本发明使用干扰层堆和合适的金属反射器可以提高透射率和反射率二者。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于具有前表面和后表面的玻璃质基材，在其后表面上涂覆有层堆，该层堆从基材开始逐次包括：
i)范围为1.9-2.8的高折射率材料的一个层，
ii)范围为1.2-2的较低折射率材料的一个层，
iii)折射率大于3的半导体材料的一个层
-其中高折射率材料与低折射率材料的折射率相差至少0.2，且
-层i)的光学厚度(几何厚度X折射率)小于260nm，优选小于250nm，并且层ii)的光学厚度小于240nm，优选小于220nm，且
-涂覆的基材在550nm的透射率为至少6％，优选至少8％，并且在550nm的反射率大于45％，优选大于50％。
有利地，本发明的目的如从属权利要求中所公开。涂覆的基材可在反射中具有蓝色调(tint)，但它在反射中也可以具有中性色调。在这种情况下，色度Hunter值a*和b*优选地在-10至+10之间，纯度优选低于13％，更优选低于10％。
该系统在棱镜内部日/夜后视镜中是特别有利的。该反射器必须在玻璃的后面，以提供高反射率“日位置”。玻璃本身的前表面由于其自己的折射率而提供了常被称作“夜位置”的低反射率水平。同时地，使用本发明，透射率被保持在足够的水平，以允许使用置于镜子后的显示器/发射器和/或传感器装置。
本发明还可用在“自暗化”，有时被称作“电致变色”自动日/夜后视镜中，在其中需要镜子最高可能的反射率来提高装置的光学范围。
这种系统可应用到任何合适的透明基材(例如玻璃或者塑料)上，这可通过现有技术中用于这种构造的所有已知措施来实现，例如通过浸渍、热解(pyrolitic)沉积工艺如化学气相沉积(CVD)或者物理气相沉积(PVC)或者任何这些技术的组合。
我们的构造的另一个有益的优点是耐久性，以允许没有劣化地生产处理(机械-刮擦耐受性)，并且具有显著的自我耐腐蚀性(气候稳定性)。
具体实施方式
实施例
在下面的实施例中，后视二向色镜是通过利用不同的层堆涂覆钠钙玻璃基材的后面(与观测器相对的面)。这些层通过磁力增强的真空溅射沉积工艺来沉积。按照本领域技术人员通常已知的方式，该玻璃经过相继的沉积室，在这些沉积室中，在真空下，合适的靶材料被轰击。
实施例1：
从观测器来看，涂覆的基材在于：
玻璃2mm/TiO260nm/SiO250nm/Cr20nm
这种结构给出了下面的光学特性：
在550nm的反射率  63％
在550nm的透射率  6％
在400nm的透射率  8％
在700nm的透射率  12％
在800nm的透射率  15％
利用相同的材料，当它们各自的厚度为如下范围时，存在其它有益的组合：
玻璃(0.4-6mm)/TiO2(30-100nm)/SiO2(30-100nm)/Cr(10-30nm)。
实施例2
结构类似于实施例1的结构，但对于反射器来说，用硅代替铬。
玻璃2mm/TiO255nm/SiO2100nm/Si30nm
获得下面的光学特性(参见图1中的光谱数据)：
在550nm的反射率  81％
在550nm的透射率  8％
在400nm的透射率  7％
在700nm的透射率  18％
在800nm的透射率  34％
在可见光和近红外光谱之上的硅折射和吸收指数使得可以使用较薄的层。
同时，利用相同的材料，当它们各自的厚度为如下范围时，也存在其它有益的组合：
玻璃(0.4-6mm)/TiO2(55-100nm)/SiO2(30-100nm)/Si(15-55nm)。
实施例3：
玻璃/TiO2(60nm)/SiO2(60nm)/Si(30nm)
获得下面的光学特性(参见图2中的光谱数据)：
在550nm的反射率  70％
在550nm的透射率  12％
在400nm的透射率  10％
在700nm的透射率  31％
在800nm的透射率  56％
涂覆的基材在反射中显示出中性色调(a*＝-8，b*＝+9，纯度是8.5％)。
实施例4：
玻璃2mm/TiO260nm/SiO260nm/Si15nm
获得下面的光学特性(参见图3中的光谱数据)：
在550nm的反射率  60％
在550nm的透射率  20％
在400nm的透射率  8％
在700nm的透射率  64％
在800nm的透射率  81％
实施例5：
玻璃2mm/TiO260nm/SiO260nm/Si50nm
获得下面的光学特性(参见图4中的光谱数据)：
在550nm的反射率  65％
在550nm的透射率  11％
在400nm的透射率  1％
在700nm的透射率  19％
在800nm的透射率  32％
实施例6：
玻璃2mm/TiO2100nm/SiO230nm/Si30nm
获得下面的光学特性(参见图5中的光谱数据)：
在550nm的反射率  62％
在550nm的透射率  16％
在400nm的透射率  4％
在700nm的透射率  32％
在800nm的透射率  56％
上述实施方式的另外可选方式在于并不使用硅，而是使用以数量小于15％的另一种金属掺杂的硅。
由于这种方式在PVD中的现有技术中是一种常规选择，目的是改善其沉积工艺，只有光学性能不受到明显影响即可，因此人们更愿意使用掺杂的硅，例如以2％-12％的铝与硅组合，无论其是SiO2还是Si层。
所有我们的实施方案都可以在它们最远的后面上接受油漆/搪瓷/其它材料的涂层，通常厚度大于一微米，以便更进一步提高它们的机械/腐蚀/抗粉碎性能。在需要时在显示器/发射器/传感器之前的合适的“窗”将被局部放置。

Claims (17)

1.具有前表面和后表面的玻璃质基材，在其后表面上涂覆有层堆，该层堆从基材开始逐次包括：
i)范围为1.9-2.8的高折射率材料的一个层，
ii)范围为1.2-2的较低折射率材料的一个层，
iii)折射率大于3的半导体材料的一个层
-高折射率材料与低折射率材料的折射率相差至少0.2，
-层i)的光学厚度小于260nm，优选小于250nm，并且层ii)的光学厚度小于240nm，优选小于220nm，且
-涂覆的基材在550nm的透射率为至少6％，优选至少8％，并且在550nm的反射率大于45％，优选大于50％。
2.权利要求1的涂覆的基材，其特征在于层i)的光学厚度为85-240nm，优选100-225nm。
3.上述权利要求中任一项的涂覆的基材，其特征在于层ii)的光学厚度为50-180nm，优选60-170nm。
4.上述权利要求中任一项的涂覆的基材，其特征在于它在700nm具有的透射率为38％或者更小，优选35％或者更小，并且在700nm的反射率为至少43％，优选至少45％。
5.上述权利要求中任一项的涂覆的基材，其特征在于它在800nm具有的透射率为62％或者更小，优选60％或者更小，并且在800nm的反射率为至少22％，优选至少25％。
6.上述权利要求中任一项的涂覆的基材，其特征在于该半导体材料选自下述材料中的至少一种：硅、铬、锗、钛、铝、钨、镍或者这些材料的合金。
7.上述权利要求中任一项的涂覆的基材，其特征在于该半导体材料是未掺杂或者掺杂有0-12％铝的硅，并且是至少部分结晶的。
8.上述权利要求中任一项的涂覆的基材，其特征在于高折射率材料选自氧化钛、氧化铌、氮化铝和氮化硅。
9.上述权利要求中任一项的涂覆的基材，其特征在于低折射率材料选自氧化硅、氟化镁、氧化锡。
10.上述权利要求中任一项的涂覆的基材，其特征在于它在反射中具有中性色调。
11.上述权利要求中任一项的涂覆的基材，其特征在于在反射中的颜色具有的纯度为小于13％，优选小于10％。
12.上述权利要求中任一项的涂覆的基材，其特征在于半导体材料的层具有的厚度为5-100nm，优选10-75nm。
13.上述权利要求中任一项的涂覆的基材，其特征在于当层iii)是Cr层时，其几何厚度为5-50nm，优选10-40nm。
14.权利要求1-12中任一项的涂覆的基材，其特征在于当层iii)是Si层时，其几何厚度为5-75nm，优选10-60nm。
15.上述权利要求中任一项的涂覆的基材，其特征在于层iii)的类型和厚度的选择要使得：如果基材只涂覆有层iii)，则其具有在未涂覆侧上测量的LR为小于50％，优选小于30％。
16.上述权利要求中任一项的涂覆的基材，其特征在于低折射率材料的层的几何厚度为25-150nm，优选30-120nm。
17.上述权利要求中任一项的涂覆的基材，其特征在于低折射率材料的层的几何厚度为20-150nm，优选25-125nm。
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CN106324731A (zh) * 2016-10-28 2017-01-11 宜昌南玻显示器件有限公司 车载外视镜多功能反射膜及其制备方法
CN115079514A (zh) * 2017-10-20 2022-09-20 奇跃公司 在压印光刻工艺中配置光学层

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RU2737824C1 (ru) * 2019-02-26 2020-12-03 Станислав Владимирович Степанов Дихроическое зеркало

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JPH0679092B2 (ja) * 1985-11-06 1994-10-05 株式会社東海理化電機製作所 着色鏡
JP2561946B2 (ja) * 1988-08-31 1996-12-11 ホーヤ株式会社 多層膜裏面反射鏡
US6064525A (en) * 1997-03-25 2000-05-16 Glaverbel Optical device including a dichromatic mirror
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CN106324731A (zh) * 2016-10-28 2017-01-11 宜昌南玻显示器件有限公司 车载外视镜多功能反射膜及其制备方法
CN115079514A (zh) * 2017-10-20 2022-09-20 奇跃公司 在压印光刻工艺中配置光学层

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