CN101031358A - 负载贵金属簇的催化剂的生产方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种更加容易地生产受控簇尺寸贵金属催化剂的方法。该方法包括在氧化物载体上沉积包含多个有机多齿配体和多个贵金属原子的多核配合物、然后去除有机多齿配体。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种催化剂的生产方法。更具体而言,本发明涉及一种其上负载有受控簇尺寸贵金属的催化剂的生产方法。
背景技术
由内燃机例如汽车发动机排放的废气包含一氧化碳(CO)、碳氢化合物(HC)、氮氧化物(NOx)等,这些有害的物质通常通过废气净化催化剂来净化,该催化剂通过在氧化物载体如氧化铝上装载主要包含贵金属如铂(Pt)、铑(Ph)、钯(Pd)和铱(Ir)的催化剂组分而获得。
作为催化剂组分的贵金属一般通过下列过程而装载在氧化物载体上:使用由硝酸基团或胺基改性的贵金属化合物溶液,利用该溶液来浸渍氧化物载体以使贵金属化合物分散在氧化物载体表面上,然后将其煅烧以去除硝酸基团等。至于氧化物载体,通常使用具有大的比表面积的材料如γ-氧化铝,使得可以在催化剂组分和废气之间产生大的接触面积。
这种用于净化废气的催化剂需要提高废气净化性能,并且作为解决该问题的一种方法,可以控制贵金属使其具有最佳簇尺寸。
更具体而言,关于某些贵金属,已知的是化学性质如催化活性或物理性质如磁性根据簇尺寸(原子的集聚)而变化。为了利用这种簇的具体特性,必需简单地合成尺寸受控的大量簇。为了生产尺寸受控的簇,目前采用一种技术:在真空中蒸发金属靶以产生各种尺寸的簇,然后利用质谱原理来分离这些簇,但是该技术不能大量地制备簇。此外,一种利用配合物的技术被用作催化剂的制备方法,当使用该技术时,能够简单而大量地制备簇,但是,由于在该配合物中包含的贵金属原子的数量仅仅只有一个,负载的贵金属是单原子分散态并且不能够提供具有任意数目组成原子的簇。
迄今为止,将仅仅具有期望簇尺寸的贵金属装载在氧化物载体上一直是非常困难的。本申请人先前已经提出了一种方法:将贵金属引入中空碳材料如碳纳米管和碳纳米角的孔中,将其中已引入贵金属的碳材料固定到氧化物载体,并煅烧,从而燃烧并去除碳材料,同时,将簇尺寸的贵金属装载在氧化物载体上(见日本未审查专利公开(Kokai)No.2003-181288)。
根据该方法,贵金属存在于碳材料的孔中,直至碳材料被燃烧和去除,并且在燃烧和去除碳材料的条件下,贵金属很快被装载在氧化物载体上,以致碳材料孔中的贵金属可以基本上以给定的簇尺寸装载在氧化物载体上。然而,作为碳材料的碳纳米管或碳纳米角并非总是容易得到的。本发明的目的是提供一种更容易地生产具有受控簇尺寸的贵金属催化剂的方法。
发明内容
为了达到这个目的,本发明提供一种生产负载贵金属簇的催化剂的方法,包括在氧化物载体上沉积包含多个有机多齿配体和多个贵金属原子的多核配合物,然后去除有机多齿配体。
此外,为了达到这个目的,本发明提供一种生产负载贵金属簇的催化剂的方法,包括:使氧化物载体表面上的OH基团与有机多齿配体反应,以将有机多齿配体结合至氧化物载体,使该有机多齿配体和贵金属原子以及另一多齿配体反应以形成多核配合物,该多核配合物结合到氧化物载体并包含多个有机多齿配体和多个贵金属原子,然后去除有机多齿配体。
根据本发明的方法,选择贵金属原子和要配位的有机多齿配体以控制形成的多核配合物的结构,因此,可以容易地控制构成负载在氧化物载体上的簇的贵金属原子的数目。此外,多齿配体提前结合到氧化物载体上,并且多核配合物的形成起始于多齿配体,这样可以任意地控制多核配合物的负载位置,并且簇能够在任意的位置装载。
附图说明
图1是表明本发明方法的过程的图。
图2是表明本发明方法另一个实施方案中的过程的图。
具体实施方案
图1表示本发明的方法。在本发明的方法中,首先制备包含多个有机多齿配体2和多个贵金属原子3的多核配合物1。该多核配合物1具有封闭的胶囊状结构,并根据配合物的普通生产方法,通过有机多齿配体2和贵金属原子3反应而制备。
关于有机多齿配体2,例如,可以使用如下所示的有机化合物。
关于贵金属原子3,可以使用选自铂、铑、钯、金以及铱中的至少一种。
具体地,当使用如下所示的化合物作为有机多齿配体2时,
得到具有M6L8组成的胶囊状分子作为多核配合物1,如下所示:
而且,当使用如下所示的化合物作为有机多齿配体2时,
得到具有M12L24组成的胶囊状分子,如下所示:
然后,如图1(a)所示,将氧化物载体4浸泡在含有多核配合物1的溶液中。随后,如图1(b)所示,通过干燥除去溶剂,由此在氧化物载体4上沉积多核配合物1。关于氧化物载体4,那些包含通常用作催化剂载体的氧化物例如氧化铝、二氧化硅、氧化锆和二氧化铈以及包含复合氧化物例如二氧化硅-氧化铝、氧化锆-二氧化铈、氧化铝-二氧化铈-氧化锆、二氧化铈-氧化锆-氧化钇和氧化锆-氧化钙的材料是适合的。
此后,如图1(c)所示,用紫外线、微波、臭氧等加热或辐射氧化物载体4上沉积的多核配合物1,结果,构成多核配合物1的有机多齿配体2被分解或燃烧,从而被去除,并且在氧化物载体4的表面上负载贵金属3的簇5。例如,当在空气中在400~800℃条件下加热多核配合物1~5小时,有机多齿配体2燃烧并被去除,同时,与有机多齿配体2配位的贵金属3聚集,从而能够以簇尺寸负载到氧化物载体4上,所述簇尺寸对应于有机多齿配体2的配位数。
在上述方法中,先前制备的多核配合物沉积在氧化物载体上,但是,在这种情况下,不能任意地控制多核配合物在氧化物载体上所沉积的位置。因此,在第二发明中,构成多核配合物的多齿配体之一先结合到氧化物载体上任意位置,并且多核配合物的形成起始于该多齿配体,由此多核配合物能够结合到氧化物载体的任意位置。
具体地,如图2所示,在氧化物载体4(图2中,二氧化铈)上任意位置提供OH基团,并且该OH基团和有机多齿配体2反应(图2(a)),以使有机多齿配体2结合至氧化物载体4的任意位置(图2(b))。该有机多齿配体2和贵金属原子以及另一有机多齿配体反应,在该位置上形成胶囊状多核配合物1(图2(c))。之后,以与上文同样的方式去除有机多齿配体,由此贵金属3的簇5可以负载在任意位置上。
关于首先要和氧化物载体结合的多齿配体,可以使用将OH基团或COOH基团赋予上述有机多齿配体后得到的化合物,所述OH基团或COOH基团可以与氧化物载体上的OH基团反应。例如,如下所示的化合物:
Claims (6)
1.一种生产负载贵金属簇的催化剂的方法,包括在氧化物载体上沉积包含多个有机多齿配体和多个贵金属原子的多核配合物,然后去除所述有机多齿配体。
2.一种生产负载贵金属簇的催化剂的方法,包括:使氧化物载体表面上的OH基团与有机多齿配体反应,以将有机多齿配体结合至氧化物载体;使所述有机多齿配体和贵金属原子以及另一有机多齿配体反应以形成多核配合物,所述多核配合物结合到氧化物载体并包含多个有机多齿配体和多个贵金属原子;然后去除有机多齿配体。
5.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其中所述贵金属原子是选自铂、铑、钯、金以及铱中的至少一种。
6、根据权利要求1或2的方法,其中用紫外线、微波或臭氧来加热或辐射所述多核配合物,以燃烧或分解所述有机多齿配体,由此去除有机多齿配体。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP242592/2004 | 2004-08-23 | ||
JP2004242592A JP2006055807A (ja) | 2004-08-23 | 2004-08-23 | 貴金属クラスター担持触媒の製造方法 |
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EP (1) | EP1786561A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2006055807A (zh) |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103619470A (zh) * | 2011-06-21 | 2014-03-05 | 优美科股份公司及两合公司 | 用于在载体氧化物上沉积金属的方法 |
CN111250081A (zh) * | 2018-11-30 | 2020-06-09 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种配体保护和原位负载贵金属纳米簇催化剂及其制备方法应用 |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4686316B2 (ja) * | 2005-09-27 | 2011-05-25 | 田中貴金属工業株式会社 | 触媒の製造方法 |
JP4386045B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-01 | 2009-12-16 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 担持型触媒の製造方法 |
JP4527676B2 (ja) | 2006-03-10 | 2010-08-18 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 新規イリジウム−白金錯体及びその製造方法 |
JP2008013533A (ja) * | 2006-06-07 | 2008-01-24 | Toyota Motor Corp | アミジン−カルボン酸錯体及び複数錯体含有化合物 |
JP5339066B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-21 | 2013-11-13 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 自動車排ガス浄化用触媒及びその製造方法 |
JP5489077B2 (ja) | 2009-06-30 | 2014-05-14 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 自動車排ガス浄化用触媒及びその製造方法 |
US10159960B2 (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2018-12-25 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Catalysts with atomically dispersed platinum group metal complexes |
WO2019202949A1 (en) * | 2018-04-16 | 2019-10-24 | Johnson Matthey Japan G.K. | Compositions comprising platinum nanoparticle clusters with improved thermostability |
US10487057B1 (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2019-11-26 | Landos Biopharma, Inc. | NLRX1 ligands |
Family Cites Families (4)
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FR2558074B1 (fr) * | 1984-01-17 | 1986-04-25 | Atochem | Clusters mixtes a base de palladium et fer utilisables comme catalyseurs, leur procede de fabrication |
DE69305829T2 (de) * | 1992-12-07 | 1997-03-13 | Ford Werke Ag | Katalysatoren aus Organo-Edelmetall-Vorläufern |
JPH11285644A (ja) * | 1998-02-04 | 1999-10-19 | Mazda Motor Corp | 触媒の製造方法 |
JP2003181288A (ja) * | 2001-12-13 | 2003-07-02 | Toyota Motor Corp | 貴金属触媒の製造方法 |
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2004
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2005
- 2005-08-11 WO PCT/JP2005/015037 patent/WO2006022181A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-08-11 CN CNA2005800279659A patent/CN101031358A/zh active Pending
- 2005-08-11 US US11/659,722 patent/US20070207920A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103619470A (zh) * | 2011-06-21 | 2014-03-05 | 优美科股份公司及两合公司 | 用于在载体氧化物上沉积金属的方法 |
CN111250081A (zh) * | 2018-11-30 | 2020-06-09 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种配体保护和原位负载贵金属纳米簇催化剂及其制备方法应用 |
CN111250081B (zh) * | 2018-11-30 | 2021-08-03 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种配体保护和原位负载贵金属纳米簇催化剂及其制备方法应用 |
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WO2006022181A1 (en) | 2006-03-02 |
US20070207920A1 (en) | 2007-09-06 |
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EP1786561A1 (en) | 2007-05-23 |
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