CN1009908B - 胶料挤出机 - Google Patents

胶料挤出机 Download PDF

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CN1009908B
CN1009908B CN87102395A CN87102395A CN1009908B CN 1009908 B CN1009908 B CN 1009908B CN 87102395 A CN87102395 A CN 87102395A CN 87102395 A CN87102395 A CN 87102395A CN 1009908 B CN1009908 B CN 1009908B
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casing
screw rod
pin
lining
sizing material
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CN87102395A (zh
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猿丸和正
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KOBE KIKAI CO Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/256Exchangeable extruder parts
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/397Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using a single screw
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505Screws
    • B29C48/64Screws with two or more threads
    • B29C48/645Screws with two or more threads neighbouring threads and channels having identical configurations
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/68Barrels or cylinders
    • B29C48/6801Barrels or cylinders characterised by the material or their manufacturing process
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/68Barrels or cylinders
    • B29C48/685Barrels or cylinders characterised by their inner surfaces, e.g. having grooves, projections or threads
    • B29C48/687Barrels or cylinders characterised by their inner surfaces, e.g. having grooves, projections or threads having projections with a short length in the barrel direction, e.g. pins
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/78Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
    • B29C48/80Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the plasticising zone, e.g. by heating cylinders
    • B29C48/83Heating or cooling the cylinders
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/78Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
    • B29C48/80Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the plasticising zone, e.g. by heating cylinders
    • B29C48/83Heating or cooling the cylinders
    • B29C48/832Heating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2021/00Use of unspecified rubbers as moulding material

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Abstract

本发明涉及一台挤压机,它包括一开在机壳内的圆柱形内孔,内孔周围是加热或冷却介质的外围通道。一根螺杆装在内孔中并轴向装在机壳内且适于在内孔中旋转。螺杆的螺纹在内孔中形成胶料的螺旋槽通道。一些突出部分从机壳伸入螺旋槽通道,螺纹上加工有一些缺口,用来在螺杆旋转时通过突出部分。在机壳中装有支承突出部分的圆柱形衬套。机壳和衬套被分为或剖开成至少两部分,在机壳上设有锁紧装置,以便操作时把几部分锁紧。

Description

本发明涉及天然胶和合成胶的胶料混合、均匀分散和挤出用的一种挤出机。
如在1981年12月19日出版的日本专利公报56-53500和1972年7月21日递交的西德要求优先权申请P2235784。2所描述的这一类型的传统挤出机,它包括一个加工有圆柱形内孔的机壳,内孔容纳一个可旋转的螺杆,螺杆在机壳中形成了胶料螺旋槽通道。一些混合销钉径向穿过机壳,以便可以调节销钉伸入螺旋槽中的长度。一些销钉穿过机壳上用于加热或冷却介质的空间。螺杆的螺纹上作出些缺口,以便螺杆旋转时通过销钉。
上述类型的传统挤出机,调节销钉的伸入长度是麻烦的,而且这种结构限制了冷却介质空间的容积。此外,这种介质可能透过销钉周围的密封而泄漏。
本发明的总目的是提供一种胶料挤出机,它的销钉之类的混合装置能很容易地移位,以便按照所加工物料的类别来得到所希望的伸入长度和间隔(节距),也便于检查和修理。
本发明的另一目的是提供加热/冷却介质有充分流动体积,没有介质泄漏的这样一种挤出机。
本发明还有一个目的是提供含有降低物料流动中不希望的阻力的螺旋槽通道,从而改善混合作用的这样一种挤出机。
按照本发明的挤出机,包括一个加工有圆柱形内孔并在内孔周围有通过加热或冷却介质的外围通道的机壳。一个装在内孔中并轴向装在机壳上而又可在内孔中旋转的螺杆。此螺杆的螺纹在内孔中形成胶料的螺旋槽通道。一些突出部分从机壳伸入螺旋槽通道,螺纹上加工有一些缺口,用来在螺杆旋转时通过突出部分。在机壳中装有支持突出部分的圆柱形衬套。机壳和衬套被分为或剖开成至少两部分,在机壳上设有锁紧装置,以便在操作时把几部分锁紧。
现按附图对本发明的实施例加以说明,其中:
图1为按本发明等一实施例的一台挤出机的轴向剖面平视图;
图2为沿图1中2-2线的剖面图;
图3为沿图1中3-3线的剖面图;
图4a和图4b分别为图1-2中所示一种销钉的端视图和侧视图;
图5a和图5b分别为图1-2中所示另一种销钉的端视图和侧视图;
图6a到图6b为类似图2的视图,但用以表示挤出机的部件是如何拆卸的;
图7为按本发明改变的衬套的轴向剖面图;
图8为沿图7中8-8线的视图。
参照图1,一台挤出机包括一个喂入胶料的喂料段11,一个把物料混合的主要段或中央段13,以及一个把胶料按预定断面形状挤出的机头段15。
11、13及15段分别含有管状机壳17,19和21,它们头尾相接固定成一体。三段机壳内有中心线对正的圆柱形内孔18、20和22,还有一根可旋转的螺杆23贯穿于内孔。螺杆23由机壳17和21的两端轴承支承,并在其一端连接传动部分(未示)。
喂料机壳17有内孔18,在其后端为堵头24所封闭,并在其一侧作出喂料口25。口25设有喂料辊27,喂料辊上可设一加料斗(未示)。机头机壳21有一前端开口28。
如图2-3所示,中央机壳19包括一个轴向延伸的外壁29,它在径向剖面上呈椭圆形,还包括一个圆柱形内壁31。机壳19周向分成上下两半。
每半个机壳的内外壁31和29之间作成纵向通道33,用来流通加热/冷却介质,以使被加工物料保持在希望的温度。
每半个机壳还有一对从外壁29的两个侧边上向外伸出的纵向法兰35。贴近法兰35设有一对卡板37,每个上都有纵向槽39,闭合时用它在机壳19的一侧与法兰35啮合。卡板37与法兰35的倾斜外表面36啮合,使两法兰(和机壳)一起固紧,如图2所示,这些法兰是固定在内外壁上的。
机壳内壁31包围在周向分为两个半环件的管状衬套41上,这两个半环件又在轴向分成许多副轴向对正的弓状扇形件43。
螺杆23有一对螺旋凸棱或双头阳螺纹45,它在衬套41中形成胶料的螺旋槽通道47。螺纹的外表面与衬套41的内表面靠得很近。螺纹45的螺距从喂料段11的后端24到中央段13的前端逐步减小。螺距的减小产生了对胶料逐步增加的压力,使它加热和混合。螺杆在中央机壳13中的一段螺纹45被作成轴向隔开周向找齐的一对一对的缺口49。
如图1-2所示,一些螺栓51松动把穿过卡板37,拧在下机壳法兰35中。把螺母52拧在螺栓51上,使卡板37卡紧两半机壳19的扇形件43。
几个拆卸用螺栓53拧入穿过卡板37的螺孔并顶在下机壳法兰35。拧入螺栓53,卡板就被推出卸开。螺栓51和53沿卡板37的长度方向交错设置,图1中只表示出一部分螺栓。
衬套41的弓状扇形件43和上半机壳内壁31加工有相应的轴向键槽55,用以嵌入轴向延伸的键57(图2和6a)。使它们正常地固定在一起并不会相对转动。键槽55的位置零使扇形件43的径向边缘59从机壳侧面法兰37转开一定角度。象图2所示。
如图3所示,有一些紧固螺栓61拧入并穿过一个下法兰35,与螺栓51和53平行穿过机壳19。每个螺栓61用来与每对弓状扇形件43当中的一个相接在与边缘59隔开一定角度的位置。螺栓61能穿过相应卡板37上的孔63,以便除卡板37卡紧之外更可靠地卡紧扇形件43。
如图2所示,除了每一扇形件43两端外,其它都作出若干个周向找正的径向孔65。每个孔65有内部孔和径向的外部扩孔,外部扩孔比内孔直径大。孔65与螺杆的螺纹缺口49对齐。销钉67穿过每一个孔65并伸出。如图4a、4b、5a和5b所示,每个销钉67都有直径加倍的销钉头69,用以可转动地嵌入孔65中,其直径较小的销钉腿71从相连的扇形件43向内径向地伸到一个螺旋槽通道中。销钉腿71的轴向位置是在螺杆23旋转时能穿过螺纹缺口49。这种结构能设置较多的销钉67,以便更均匀地混合物料。如图4a和5a所示,销钉腿71最好是楔形或流线形。
参照图1,在工作中螺杆23被驱动旋转。胶料经过喂料口25喂入喂料段11,由螺杆23轴向向前(向左)推到主要段13。此外,因螺纹45的螺距在向前方向减小了,随着逐步增加的压力,胶料沿着通道47被螺旋地向前挤压,因而得到搅拌和混合。胶料于是移动到与固定的(并可转动)销钉67接触,助长了混合作用。
胶料按螺纹45的螺距和胶料的坚牢性以不同角度运动。如前所述并如图4a和5a所示,销钉71最好是流线形或楔形,而且销钉能在它们的孔中转动。所加工胶料的流动可引起销钉67转动,转到它们具有流动阻力最小的位置。这也减低了销钉的负荷。
混合好的胶料按预定的断面形状从机头段15的开口28挤出。断面形状是由开口28或者一个口型(未示出)的形状来决定的。
销钉67按照具体种类的胶料可以有某一合适的形状(或)长度。按下述的方式,可以按胶料的性质来更换销钉,或者为了检查和修理来拆卸衬套41。
松开紧固螺栓61(图3)和螺帽52(图1-2)。
如图6a所示,把拆卸用螺栓53拧入卡板37、使卡板从机壳法兰35上推出。如图6b所示,机壳19的上半部分和键57与下半部分分离并移开。
如图6c所示,一对或几对弓状扇形件43转动必要的角度,达到上部扇形件易拆卸的位置,再移开上部扇形件。
如图6d所示,下部扇形件43向上转动并移开。
新的销钉和扇形件于是就能按相反的顺序装配。
第二个实施例表示在图7-8中,不同于第一实施例的是第二个包括有弓状扇形件143,它带一定数量的叶片167,用以代替销钉。叶片167整体作成,在扇形件143的内表面向里伸出,伸向螺杆(未示出),叶片相对于扇形件143和螺杆的轴心线有一定角度。叶片167的形状和方向是依照螺杆螺纹的螺距和所加工胶料的种类而预先决定的。
这些实施例的任何一种中,衬套41可能还包括一些没带销钉67或叶片167的不可分环(未示出),它们被插在其它带有销钉或叶片的轴向缩短的弓状扇形体(未示出)之间。衬套41还可在周向分成三个或更多的弓状扇形件来代替例如所说的两个。
按本发明的挤出机的主要优点如下:
A.本装置的主体能够拆卸,特别是衬套能更换销钉或叶片。这便于修理检查,而且可以更换附有销钉或叶片的衬套来适合所加工胶料的类型。
B.加热/冷却介质通道33是加工在机壳体上的。它与带销钉或叶片的衬套分开。这能使通道具有足够大的容积。而且销钉不穿过通道,因此防止了介质从销钉周围泄漏。

Claims (2)

1、一种挤出机包括一管形机壳,所述的机壳的外面有一用于加热或冷却介质流动的通道,一圆柱形衬套装在机壳中并固定其中,一螺杆支撑在机壳内并在衬套内侧与之同轴延伸,所述的螺杆适于旋转并在其上做有螺纹,形成螺旋通道,用来加工胶料并使胶料在衬套内沿一轴向运动,在衬套的圆周上开有径向孔,每个孔内都装有一销钉,这些销钉具有直径加大的锁钉头和腿,销钉腿伸入到所述的螺旋通道中,螺杆上的螺纹开有缺口,以便当螺杆旋转时让销钉通过,其特征在于:所述的壳体分成两半圆柱形部件,衬套在轴向分为一些弓状扇形件,机壳上的锁紧装置用于可松开地把所述部件锁紧在一起,每一个所述的径向孔都有一个径向内部孔和外部扩孔,扩孔直径增大至能容纳销钉头。
2、根据权利要求1所述的挤出机,其特征在于:螺杆的螺距在所述的轴向逐渐减小。
CN87102395A 1986-04-01 1987-03-30 胶料挤出机 Expired CN1009908B (zh)

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JP61076347A JPS62231719A (ja) 1986-04-01 1986-04-01 ゴム材料の押出装置
JP76347/86 1986-04-01

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CN87102395A CN87102395A (zh) 1987-10-14
CN1009908B true CN1009908B (zh) 1990-10-10

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JPS62231719A (ja) 1987-10-12
KR870009836A (ko) 1987-11-30
EP0240198A3 (en) 1989-04-12
JPH0344891B2 (zh) 1991-07-09
US4723901A (en) 1988-02-09
KR930004047B1 (ko) 1993-05-19
CN87102395A (zh) 1987-10-14
EP0240198A2 (en) 1987-10-07
DE3780996T2 (de) 1993-03-25
EP0240198B1 (en) 1992-08-12
DE3780996D1 (de) 1992-09-17

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