CN100526277C - 治疗或预防下泌尿道症状的方法 - Google Patents

治疗或预防下泌尿道症状的方法 Download PDF

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CN100526277C
CN100526277C CNB2004800152437A CN200480015243A CN100526277C CN 100526277 C CN100526277 C CN 100526277C CN B2004800152437 A CNB2004800152437 A CN B2004800152437A CN 200480015243 A CN200480015243 A CN 200480015243A CN 100526277 C CN100526277 C CN 100526277C
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R·桑蒂
T·斯特伦
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Abstract

本发明涉及治疗或预防个体的有或没有骨盆痛的下泌尿道症状的方法,所述方法包括给该个体施用有效量的选择性雌激素受体调节剂或其异构体、异构体混合物或药物可接受盐。

Description

治疗或预防下泌尿道症状的方法
发明领域
本发明涉及治疗或预防个体的有或没有骨盆痛的下泌尿道症状的方法,所述方法包括给该个体施用有效量的选择性雌激素受体调节剂(SERM)。
发明背景
这里使用的阐明本发明背景的出版物和其它资料,尤其是提供有关实施的额外细节的例子并入作为参考。
下泌尿道症状(LUTS)
包括在这个组中的一般临床症状是踌躇、弱尿流、终末滴沥和膀胱排空不完全。LUTS的主要功能性原因是尿道括约肌机能障碍。尿道括约肌由随意(横纹)括约肌(横纹肌括约肌(rhabdosphincter))和不随意(平滑)括约肌组成。男性横纹肌括约肌的远部包裹尿道膜部并被称作外括约肌。横纹肌括约肌的上部或前列腺部分在前列腺的前面和外面之上成层并嵌入男性前列腺基质中。尿道平滑肌位于男性膀胱颈和尿道前列腺部。与协调的逼尿肌收缩有关的平滑和横纹括约肌阻力降低决定完全排尿。在尿道括约肌机能障碍时,排空膀胱需要膀胱腔内压力增加。在初期,流速没有降低,这是因为最大排尿压补偿了增加的流出阻力。在尿道机能障碍的更晚期临床分期发展的流速降低与前列腺增大程度的关系很小。
已经描述了三个不同的临床结果:1)膀胱颈协同失调、2)外括约肌假协同失调和3)Hinman综合征。它们全部定义为逼尿肌尿道括约肌协同失调。
膀胱颈协同失调定义为在正常逼尿肌收缩存在时,膀胱颈不能适当开放并呈现漏斗形。影像成像技术(videoimaging)使得能够进行平滑括约肌协同失调的诊断。膀胱颈协同失调是终生状况,并且事实上从未在女性中发生。膀胱颈协同失调的原因未知。
正常排尿周期过程中,外括约肌肌电活性增加伴随着膀胱充盈(节制反射)。这之后是横纹肌括约肌和骨盆底肌肉松弛,这在逼尿肌收缩之前或开始收缩时开始并持续贯穿在收缩过程中。横纹肌括约肌协同失调定义为逼尿肌收缩期间,尿道横纹肌(尿道外括约肌)活性增加不当,并被公认为上神经元损害患者排泄机能障碍的原因。由于脊椎上影响丧失造成的这种代偿过度抵消不受抑制的逼尿肌收缩引起的膀胱压力升高(过度的节制反射)。在外括约肌假协同失调中,膀胱和尿道括约肌之间的共济失调不是由于神经病学上的损害,而是引起外括约肌和骨盆底肌肉紧张增加的机能障碍所继发的。括约肌EMG间歇性增加和/或这个部位的尿道间歇性狭窄确定为假协同失调。
排泄方式异常的儿童的尿动力学研究表明在不存在神经病变的情况下(非神经原性的神经原性膀胱或Hinman综合征),逼尿肌和尿道横纹括约肌之间的协同失调。这看起来是针对不随意膀胱收缩作出应答,由尿道横纹括约肌无意识的习惯性收缩以预防尿失禁引起的。这种协同失调可能至少部分代表了习得的习惯。Hinman综合征和外括约肌假协同失调之间的关系未知。
尿道括约肌机能障碍的患者可以发展为继发性逼尿肌不稳定,具有尿频、尿急和夜尿的刺激症状。
LUTS可能与慢性骨盆痛有关。Oliver W Hakenberg和Manfred PWirth所写文章(Urol Int 2002:68:138-143)涉及男性慢性骨盆痛综合征(CPPS)。这定义为持续时间超过6个月的骨盆痛状况。提及了引起CPPS的某些状况,即非细菌性前列腺炎、应激性前列腺炎、前列腺痛、尿道综合征、膀胱三角炎和睾丸痛。男性或女性间质性膀胱炎一般也会引起骨盆痛。CPPS患者显示的主要困难是外括约肌和骨盆底肌肉不能随意松弛。这会引起LUTS和排泄协同失调的紧急情况。
根据实验动物中的发现(Streng:Hormone-related reversibleurinary rhabdosphincter disorder in male laboratory rodents-possibleclinical implications.Academic dissertation,University of Turku,2002),我们提出生物中雌激素与雄激素浓度的比率增加(雄激素的相对过芳构化)在男性尿道括约肌机能障碍的发展中起作用。在用雌激素长期治疗的雄性动物中,发展了膀胱出口梗阻,其具有完全尿潴留和膀胱壁肥大。新生雌激素处理的动物具有较低的排泄的尿体积和降低的尿流速与膀胱压力的比率,与膀胱下梗阻一致。在成年期经芳香酶抑制剂治疗后,新生雌激素处理的动物的这些尿动力学改变被逆转。尿道平滑和横纹括约肌和支配它们的神经元显示出雄激素和雌激素受体,提示它们是雄激素和雌激素作用的潜在靶。这些动物的前列腺大小减小并表现出炎症病征。
US5,972,921描述了治疗男性逼尿肌尿道括约肌协同失调的方法,该方法通过给该患者施用芳香酶抑制剂实现。所述专利给出了男性功能性逼尿肌尿道括约肌协同失调的临床症状及其治疗的概要,其中尤其考虑到该症状可能的激素背景。在具有泌尿症状的男性中进行研究时(A Radlmaier等人,The Prostate 29:199-208(1996);J CGingell等人,The Journal of Urology,vol.154,399-401,August1995),芳香酶抑制剂增加睾酮的浓度。这引起前列腺大小增加,且另一方面可以恶化前列腺扩大引起的静态梗阻和因此产生的症状。因此,其它作用机理是需要的。在尿道中作为抗雌激素药的SERMs减少天然雌激素的不利影响,而不刺激前列腺大小。它们可以认为是治疗LUTS症状和功能性原因的潜在有益化合物。
选择性雌激素受体调节剂
“SERM”(选择性雌激素受体调节剂)兼备雌激素样和抗雌激素性能(Kauffman & Bryant,Drug News Perspect 8:531-539,1995)。该作用可以是组织特异性的,如在骨中具有雌激素样作用、在子宫和肝脏中具有部分雌激素样作用和在乳腺癌中具有纯抗雌激素作用的他莫昔芬和托瑞米芬的情况中。雷洛昔芬和着洛西芬与他莫昔芬和托瑞米芬相似,只除了它们的抗雌激素性能占优势。已知它们降低总胆固醇和LDL胆固醇,因此降低心血管疾病的风险,而且它们可以预防骨质疏松症并抑制绝经后妇女的乳腺癌生长。还有几乎纯的抗雌激素药正在开发中。它们主要针对乳腺癌的治疗(Wakeling & Bowler,JSteroid Biochem 30:1-6,1988)。
在V Craig Jordan,J Medicinal Chemistry(2003):46,No.7中公开了研究过和/或销售过的SERM化合物的综述。
发明概述
本发明的发明人意外地发现在动物研究中,属于选择性雌激素受体调节剂的化合物对尿动力学参数具有有益影响。因此,发明人提出这类化合物可能对治疗或预防由尿道括约肌机能障碍引起的LUTS有用。
因此,本发明涉及治疗或预防个体的有或没有骨盆痛的下泌尿道症状的方法,所述方法包括给个体施用有效量的选择性雌激素受体调节剂或其异构体、异构体混合物或药物可接受盐。
附图简述
图1显示了一般的排尿周期(a=膀胱压;b=流速)。
图2显示了有和没有施用试验化合物的未雌激素处理的大鼠和neoDES大鼠的最大膀胱压。
图3显示了有和没有施用试验化合物的未雌激素处理的大鼠和neoDES大鼠的平均膀胱压。
图4显示了有和没有施用试验化合物的未雌激素处理的大鼠和neoDES大鼠的最大流速。
图5显示了有和没有施用试验化合物的未雌激素处理的大鼠和neoDES大鼠的平均流速。
图6显示了有和没有施用试验化合物的未雌激素处理的大鼠和neoDES大鼠的排尿时间。
图7显示了有和没有施用试验化合物的未雌激素处理的大鼠和neoDES大鼠的残余尿量。
图8显示了有和没有施用试验化合物的未雌激素处理的大鼠和neoDES大鼠的膀胱容量。
发明详述
定义:
术语“个体”特别涉及人,但是也应该认为它包括动物。
术语“下泌尿道症状”涉及男性以及女性个体中的症状。对于男性个体,这种症状特别重要的类型是逼尿肌尿道括约肌协同失调,但是该术语不限于此。该术语应该包括男性个体下泌尿道的任何类型症状。因此,在本发明中,也应该理解术语“下泌尿道症状”包括男性个体的非细菌性前列腺炎、应激性前列腺炎、膀胱三角炎和睾丸痛,和男性或女性个体的间质性膀胱炎。对于女性个体,这个术语进一步包括膀胱不稳定和尿急。
应该理解这里术语“骨盆痛”包括与男性个体的非细菌性前列腺炎、应激性前列腺炎、前列腺痛、尿道症状、膀胱三角炎或睾丸痛有关的症状。此外,该术语包括男性或女性个体的间质性膀胱炎。
应该理解措辞“选择性雌激素受体调节剂”和属于这组的任何具体化合物包括任何几何异构体、任何立体异构体、外消旋体或该化合物的其它异构体混合物。此外,也包括药物可接受盐和其它衍生物,如酯。
用于本发明的合适选择性雌激素受体调节剂(或SERMs)是例如V Craig Jordan(2003)中公开的化合物。
因此,用于本发明的合适SERM化合物的实例是三苯烯或三苯烷化合物,如WO 01/36360、US 4,996,225、US 4,696,949、US 5,750,576、WO 99/42427中公开的化合物和L Kangas,Cancer ChemotherPharmacol(1990)27:8-12中公开的托瑞米芬代谢物。作为前述参考文献中公开的具体药物的实例,可以提及托瑞米芬、非培米芬(fispemifene)和奥培米芬(ospemifene)。他莫昔芬及其衍生物如4-羟基他莫昔芬、α-羟基他莫昔芬、N-去甲他莫昔芬、N,N-二去甲他莫昔芬、去氨他莫昔芬和着洛西芬和艾多昔芬(iodoxifene)也是三苯烯结构的合适SERMs的实例。
SERM化合物的其它优选实例是苯并噻吩结构的化合物,如雷洛昔芬及其类似物(例如EP584952、US 4,133,814、US 4,418,068中描述的)和阿佐昔芬(arzoxifene)。
作为合适SERMs的更多实例,可以提及EM652、EM800、EM776、EM651、EM312、ICI 182780、ERA-923、秦哚昔芬(zindoxifene)和脱酰基秦哚昔芬、ZK119010、TSE-4247、拉索昔芬(lasoxifene)及其类似物,尤其是EP 802910中公开的那些、萘福昔定、巴多昔芬(basedoxifene)、GW5638、GW7604、Jordan(2003)中公开的32号化合物、ICI 164384、RU 58668、RU 39411和EM 319。
前述具体的SERMs或SERMs种类仅仅是例子,且其它SERMs可能也适合用于本发明。
没有或具有弱雌激素作用的SERMs可能适合使用,特别是在男性个体中。确定化合物的雌激素特征的经典方法是评估不成熟小鼠或大鼠子宫中的雌激素作用(Terenius L,Acta Endocrinol 66:431-447,1971)。在动物18日龄时,使该动物暴露于待研究的化合物中3天。在第四天,杀死该动物并记录体重和子宫重量。雌激素增加了子宫大小和重量(亲子宫作用),尽管抗雌激素药抑制此作用。结果以雌激素刺激(对于雌二醇为100%)的百分比给出。在我们的试验中,我们使用高剂量水平,即10-50mg/kg。为此目的引起亲子宫作用≤40%的化合物分类为弱雌激素化合物,引起亲子宫作用≥70%的化合物分类为强雌激素化合物和亲子宫作用在41-69%的中间化合物分类为中等雌激素试剂。
作为特别有用的SERMs的具体实例,可以提及WO 01/36360中公开的某些化合物,即
(Z)-2-[3-(4-氯-1,2-二苯基-丁-1-烯基)苯氧基]乙醇
(Z)-2-{2-[4-(4-氯-1,2-二苯基-丁-1-烯基)苯氧基]乙氧基}乙醇(也称为总名称非培米芬)
(Z)-{2-[3-(4-氯-1,2-二苯基-丁-1-烯基)苯氧基]乙基}二甲基胺
(E)-3-{4-氯-1-[4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯基]-2-苯基-丁-1-烯基}-酚
(E)-3-{4-氯-1-[4-(2-咪唑-1-基-乙氧基)苯基]-2-苯基-丁-1-烯基}-酚,和
(Z)-3-{4-氯-1-[4-(2-咪唑-1-基-乙氧基)苯基]-2-苯基-丁-1-烯基}-酚。
前述六个化合物全部分类为弱雌激素SERMs。
为本发明的目的,可以通过各种途径施用SERM或其异构体、异构体混合物或它们的药物可接受盐。合适的施用形式包括,例如口服制剂;肠胃外注射剂,包括静脉内、肌内、皮内和皮下注射剂;和经皮和直肠制剂。合适的口服制剂包括如常规或缓释片剂和明胶胶囊。
SERM化合物的所需剂量将随正治疗的具体状况、状况的严重性、治疗的持续时间、采用的施用途径和具体化合物而变化。例如,非培米芬可以优先经口施用,每日一次。日剂量可以是5-150mg,优选20-100mg。非培米芬可以作为片剂或其它制剂如明胶胶囊单独施用或与用于制药工业的任何临床上可接受的非活性成分混合施用。
将通过下列非限制性实验部分阐明本发明。
实验部分
方法和材料
试验药物:
我们研究了在对照和发育中雌激素处理的雄性大鼠中,两个SERMs,即非培米芬-也已知为代码HM-101,和雷洛昔芬对排泄的作用。使用聚乙二醇(PEG)作为载体。
动物:
雄性大鼠由芬兰The Central Animal Laboratory of TheUniversity of Turku供给。它们的平均年龄是222天(SD48.4)。未雌激素处理的大鼠的数目是50和发育中雌激素处理的大鼠的数目是29。大鼠维持在12:12昼/夜周期的标准实验室条件下,它们得到不含大豆的颗粒饲料(SDS,Witham,Essex,英国),自由取用。它们也自由取用自来水。
雌激素处理的大鼠(neoDES)试验如下:在出生后1-5日,用溶于rap种子油的雌激素(10μg己烯雌酚(DES))(10μg/40μl)皮下(s.c.)治疗新生雄性Noble大鼠。用己烯雌酚治疗后,neoDES大鼠保持生长4-5个月之后,用研究药物治疗。
给药和称重:
给药体积是0.2ml溶液/50g体重和非培米芬或雷洛昔芬剂量水平是1和/或10mg/kg体重。该剂量一天施用一次,进行六周。同一天,在治疗开始时,首次称重大鼠。然后每周对动物称重一次。实施这种方案以确保对大鼠的正确给药。
为尿动力学研究设计的研究:
有八个成年雄性大鼠的组。用非培米芬或雷洛昔芬口服治疗麻醉的大鼠(未雌激素处理的或新生雌激素处理的),使用1和/或10mg/kg体重的剂量。
本研究中使用下列动物代码:
未雌激素处理的大鼠的治疗:
-对照大鼠(仅用载体治疗)                      Co
-用非培米芬治疗的大鼠,1mg/kg剂量            HMCo1
-用非培米芬治疗的大鼠,10mg/kg剂量           HMCo10
-用雷洛昔芬治疗的大鼠,1mg/kg剂量            RalCo1
-用雷洛昔芬治疗的大鼠,10mg/kg剂量           RalCo10
新生雌激素处理的大鼠的治疗:
-对照大鼠(neoDES)(仅用载体治疗)              neoDES
-用非培米芬治疗的大鼠,10mg/kg剂量           HMDES10
-用雷洛昔芬治疗的大鼠,10mg/kg剂量           RalDES10
在表格和图中使用上述代码。
测量和仪器:
用水合氯醛(0.9g/kg,Sigma Chemical Co.St.Luis.MO 63178,美国)进行基础麻醉而麻醉大鼠,和采用静脉内(i.v.)注射尿烷(0.32g/kg,Sigma Chemical Co.St.Luis.MO 63178,美国)来维持麻醉以进行尿动力学测量。用恒温控制的动物毯使体温保持在+36-38℃,且如果需要,则使用加热灯。用下腹部中线切口暴露膀胱和尿道远部。在经膀胱的膀胱内压测量法中,20G静脉内套管通过膀胱顶插入膀胱腔中。套管连接输注泵和压力传感器。整个系统充满盐水。以0.23毫升/分钟的输注速度进行测量。将超声流动探头用于来自尿道远部流速的测量。流动探头连接流量计,具有100Hz的采样率。在测量经膀胱的膀胱内压和流速的同时,用吸引电极(suction electrode)胞外测量尿道横纹括约肌(横纹肌括约肌)的电活性。电极通过吸引(通过自来水流动而提供)附着在肌肉前表面。吸引电极和压力传感器连接放大器。低频率交流(AC)耦合(0.8Hz)用于电活性的测量。参比和接地电极位于伤口边缘,从而使得不能观察到ECG信号。在测量过程中,用温的(+37℃)盐水使组织保持湿润。压力和流量计量信号转Biopac系统。Biopac系统连接个人电脑。
用Acq Knowledge 3.5.3程序进行连续记录,其具有400Hz的采样率。
在US 5,972,921(第9-10栏,图)中公开了这个方法使用的仪器的设置。
选择三个代表性的排泄用于每只大鼠的进一步分析。膀胱压的腔内压力高频振荡(IPHFOs)的特征在于雄性啮齿动物第二阶段期间的排尿,在此期间中也发生尿流动。最大膀胱压和平均膀胱压由压力波中见到的压力振荡进行计算。最大值由最高峰测量,且平均值由排尿第二阶段期间的所有IPHFOs测量。最大流速由最高流速峰测量,且平均流速值由排尿第二阶段期间的所有流动峰测量。测量排尿持续时间和残余尿体积。
图1阐明了一个一般的排尿周期,显示了膀胱压力波(a)和流速波(b),和尿动力学参数的计算方法。图中显示了最大膀胱压、流速和排尿时间的测量。来自所有膀胱压力和流速峰的平均值分别测量为平均膀胱压和流速的参数。
统计
用Acq Knowledge 3.5.3程序(MP100Manager ver.3.5.3,
Figure C200480015243D00111
 1992-95 BIOPAC Systems Inc.)进行连续记录。用Excel2000(Microsoft Corporation,Redmond,WA,美国)进行进一步数字数据,和用Windows 5.1的Statistica(Stat Soft,Inc.,Tulsa,OK,美国)进行统计分析。用ANOVA进行统计分析和用HSD检验进行事后检验。如果方差的Levene′s检验表明治疗组之间有显著性差异(p<0.05),则使用Kruskall-Wallis检验,并将Mann-Whitney U检验用作事后检验。
结果
膀胱压
各组之间的膀胱压(最大和平均)之间没有显著性差异(表1和2)。因为neoDES治疗对膀胱压没有影响,所以人们未预期SERMs将影响它们之一。
表1.最大膀胱压(MBP)(由最高膀胱压力振荡测量)。M=Mann-Whitney U检验。
 
动物组和治疗 MBP平均值(mmHg) SD Co与neoDES和Co大鼠治疗相比,和neoDES与HMDES10和RalDES10相比的P值
Co,(n=10) 35.5 2.73
HMCo1,(n=10) 38.2 6.06 0.13(M)
HMCo10,(n=10) 35.1 2.01 0.36(M)
RalCo1,(n=10) 36.9 6.12 0.71(M)
RalCo10,(n=10) 39.4 8.49 0.29(M)
neoDES,(n=9) 34.4 6.43 0.22(M)
HMDES10,(n=10) 38.2 7.97 0.32(M)
RalDES10,(n=8) 35.9 8.41 0.92(M)
表2.平均膀胱压(MeBP)(由所有膀胱压力振荡测量)。A=OneWay ANOVA和Tukey HSD检验;M=Mann-Whitney U检验。
 
动物组和治疗 MeBP平均值(mmHg) SD Co与neoDES和Co大鼠治疗相比,和neoDES与HMDES10和RalDES10相比的P值
Co,(n=10) 26.0 2.14
HMCo1,(n=10) 25.8 3.77 0.99(A)
HMCo10,(n=10) 24.4 2.89 0.85(A)
RalCo1,(n=10) 26.7 3.73 0.99(A)
RalCo10,(n=10) 25.8 4.12 0.99(A)
neoDES,(n=9) 24.8 3.69 0.97(M)
HMDES10,(n=8) 25.6 5.67 1.00(M)
RalDES10,(n=8) 24.1 3.16 0.44(M)
图2和3中也显示了最大和平均膀胱压。
流速
尿流速降低是排尿问题的明确病征。NeoDES治疗降低流速和SERMs使其正常化,表明对尿动力学的积极作用。在用10mg/kg剂量的未雌激素处理的和新生雌激素处理的的大鼠中,用非培米芬或雷洛昔芬治疗使最大(表3)和平均(表4)流速都增加。在未雌激素处理的大鼠中,用1mg/kg的剂量没有见到差异。新生雌激素处理的大鼠只接收了10mg/kg的药物治疗。新生雌激素处理的大鼠显示出比未雌激素处理的大鼠更低的流速。
表3.最大流速(MFR)(由最高流速峰测量)。A=One WayANOVA和Tukey HSD检验;M=Mann-Whitney U检验。
 
动物组和治疗 MFR平均值(ml/分钟) SD Co与neoDES和Co大鼠治疗相比,和neoDES与HMDES10和RalDES10相比的P值
Co,(n=10) 34.0 11.95
HMCo1,(n=10) 40.9 20.90 0.90(A)
HMCo10,(n=10) 55.8 20.13 0.053(A)
RalCo1,(n=10) 40.1 13.32 0.93(A)
RalCo10,(n=10) 67.1 18.39 0.001(A)
neoDES,(n=9) 24.8 6.80 0.07(M)
HMDES10,(n=10) 40.9 15.14 0.007(M)
RalDES10,(n=8) 45.9 20.66 0.03(M)
表4.平均流速(MeFR)(由所有流速峰测量)。M=Mann-WhitneyU检验。
 
动物组和治疗 MeFR平均值(ml/分钟) SD Co与neoDES和Co大鼠治疗相比,和neoDES与HMDES10和Ra1DES10相比的P值
Co,(n=10) 4.9 1.64
HMCo1,(n=10) 6.5 3.63 0.50(M)
HMCo10,(n=10) 8.4 4.38 0.03(M)
RalCo1,(n=10) 5.8 1.95 0.26(M)
RalCo10,(n=10) 8.3 2.81 0.008(M)
neoDES,(n=9) 3.3 1.19 0.03(M)
HMDES10,(n=10) 5.8 2.12 0.009(M)
RalDES10,(n=8) 6.3 3.72 0.02(M)
图4和5中也显示了最大和平均流速。
排尿时间
在新生雌激素处理的大鼠中,排尿时间显著延长。这很容易理解,因为尿流速降低。在未雌激素处理的大鼠中,用HM-101或雷洛昔芬治疗没有缩短排尿时间。在新生雌激素处理的大鼠中,该治疗缩短了排尿时间。尽管该作用没有完全达到统计显著性,但是可以认为该作用是有益的。
表5.排尿时间(MT;第一个流动峰至最后一个的时间)。M=Mann-Whitney U检验。
 
动物组和治疗 MT平均值(秒)   SD Co与neoDES和Co大鼠治疗相比,和neoDES与HMDES10和RalDES10相比的P值
Co,(n=10) 7.8 2.10
HMCol,(n=10) 6.6 1.75 0.29(M)
HMCo10,(n=10) 6.6 2.93 0.20(M)
RalCol,(n=10) 7.4 2.27 0.45(M)
RalCo10,(n=10) 7.5 1.62 0.82(M)
neoDES,(n=9) 19.1 6.97 0.001(M)
HMDES10,(n=10) 13.1 7.16 0.07(M)
RalDES10,(n=8) 13.4 7.03 0.054(M)
图6也显示了排尿时间。
残余尿
在新生雌激素处理的大鼠中,残余尿量显著增加,表明排尿后,膀胱不能完全排空。残余尿导致排尿频率增加并且也是下泌尿道感染的危险因素。在未雌激素处理的和新生雌激素处理的大鼠中,用非培米芬(10mg/kg)治疗确实降低了残余尿量。这个结果很有前途,并表明膀胱功能活性改善。雷洛昔芬(10mg/kg)在未雌激素处理的大鼠中几乎显著降低残余尿量,和在新生雌激素处理的大鼠中显著降低残余尿量(表6)。
表6.残余尿(RU)。M=Mann-Whitney U检验。
 
动物组和治疗 RU平均值(ml)    SD Co与neoDES和Co大鼠治疗相比,和neoDES与HMDES10和RalDES10相比的P值
Co,(n=10) 0.58 0.192
HMCo10,(n=10) 0.35 0.182 0.02(M)
RalCo10,(n=10) 0.42 0.139 0.07(M)
neoDES,(n=9) 1.31 0.620 0.009(M)
HMDES10,(n=10) 0.63 0.507 0.04(M)
RalDES10,(n=8) 0.64 0.202 0.02(M)
图7也显示了残余尿。
膀胱容量
在新生雌激素处理的大鼠中,膀胱容量显著增加。尽管可以认为膀胱容量增加同样有益,但是在neoDES大鼠中的增加表明膀胱壁肌肉的异常松弛并且因此表明膀胱的损害(由于残余尿和尿流动缓慢)。膀胱试图补偿膀胱容积增加的需要。然而,在这种情况下,膀胱壁丧失了它的强度。在新生雌激素处理的大鼠中,用非培米芬(10mg/kg)治疗显著降低膀胱容量,和雷洛昔芬几乎显著降低膀胱容量,表明膀胱壁保持了它的正常强度和功能。可以认为这个作用非常有益。在未雌激素处理的大鼠中没有见到作用(表7)。这是预期的,因为在这些动物中膀胱没有受损。
表7.膀胱容量(BC)。M=Mann-Whitney U检验。
 
动物组和治疗 BC平均值(ml)    SD Co与neoDES和Co大鼠治疗相比,和neoDES与HMDES10和RalDES10相比的P值
Co,(n=10) 0.88 0.210
HMCo10,(n=10) 0.79 0.191 0.41(M)
RalCo10,(n=10) 0.81 0.206 0.45(M)
neoDES,(n=9) 1.678 0.468 0.001(M)
HMDES10,(n=10) 1.21 0.486 0.04(M)
RalDES10,(n=8) 1.22 0.285 0.054(M)
图8也阐明了膀胱容量。
讨论和结论
用SERMs(非培米芬或雷洛昔芬)治疗对未雌激素处理的和新生雌激素处理的大鼠具有相似作用。它们增加了最大和平均流速。新生雌激素处理的大鼠中由多个排泄组成的排尿持续时间缩短,而没有看到各组之间的膀胱压存在差异。未雌激素处理的和新生雌激素处理的大鼠的残余尿量降低,表明甚至未雌激素处理的大鼠的膀胱功能也改善,以及流速确实增加了。众所周知啮齿类的雌激素处理增加膀胱容量。在目前研究中这也是显然的。在新生雌激素处理的大鼠中,用这些SERMs治疗降低了膀胱容量。因此所研究的SERMs对膀胱容量具有抗雌激素药作用。未雌激素处理的大鼠和新生雌激素处理的大鼠中,横纹肌括约肌功能改善,但是EMG改变没有统计学显著性。非培米芬和雷洛昔芬逆转雌激素相关的流速、排尿时间和膀胱容量的改变(甚至在未雌激素横纹肌大鼠中,非培米芬也有此作用)。
会认识到本发明的方法可以以各种实施方案形式整合,这里仅公开了其中的少数。存在其它实施方案且不背离本发明的精神对于本领域技术人员来说将很明显。因此,所描述的实施方案是说明性的并且不应认为是限制性的。

Claims (7)

1.选自:
(Z)-2-{2-[4-(4-氯-1,2-二苯基-丁-1-烯基)苯氧基]乙氧基}乙醇的选择性雌激素受体调节剂,或其异构体、异构体混合物或药物可接受盐在制备治疗或预防个体的有或没有骨盆痛的下泌尿道症状的药物组合物中的用途。
2.根据权利要求1的用途,其中所述下泌尿道症状是男性个体的膀胱/尿道协同失调、膀胱颈协同失调或Hinman综合征。
3.根据权利要求1的用途,其中所述下泌尿道症状是女性个体的尿急。
4.根据权利要求1的用途,其中所述下泌尿道症状是男性个体的非细菌性前列腺炎、应激性前列腺炎、膀胱三角炎或睾丸痛。
5.根据权利要求1的用途,其中所述下泌尿道症状是男性或女性个体的膀胱不稳定或间质性膀胱炎。
6.根据权利要求1的用途,其中所述骨盆痛与男性个体的非细菌性前列腺炎、应激性前列腺炎、前列腺痛、尿道综合征、膀胱三角炎或睾丸痛有关。
7.根据权利要求1的用途,其中所述骨盆痛是男性或女性个体的间质性膀胱炎。
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