CN100523492C - 带有用于转子轴的夹持装置的风能设备 - Google Patents

带有用于转子轴的夹持装置的风能设备 Download PDF

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CN100523492C
CN100523492C CNB2005800432589A CN200580043258A CN100523492C CN 100523492 C CN100523492 C CN 100523492C CN B2005800432589 A CNB2005800432589 A CN B2005800432589A CN 200580043258 A CN200580043258 A CN 200580043258A CN 100523492 C CN100523492 C CN 100523492C
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rotor shaft
speed changer
holding device
frame
jaw
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M·克里斯滕森
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Nordex Energy SE and Co KG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/50—Maintenance or repair
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/70—Bearing or lubricating arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05B2230/60—Assembly methods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/91—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure
    • F05B2240/916—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure with provision for hoisting onto the structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/96—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2360/00—Engines or pumps
    • F16C2360/31—Wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C35/00—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C41/00—Other accessories, e.g. devices integrated in the bearing not relating to the bearing function as such
    • F16C41/04—Preventing damage to bearings during storage or transport thereof or when otherwise out of use
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种风能设备，包括一个变速器(54)，该变速器的输入端与一根转子轴(50)耦联，该转子轴具有一个单独的轴承，在轴承与变速器之间设置一个夹持装置(10)，当缺失转子轴通过变速器的支持时，该夹持装置在装配的状态下将转子轴(50)夹持在一个预定的位置上。所述夹持装置具有：颚板，各颚板在装配位置上包围转子轴；支承框架，该支承框架在装配位置上跨过转子轴；对于每个颚板的至少一个张紧元件，该张紧元件张紧到颚板与支承框架之间。

Description

带有用于转子轴的夹持装置的风能设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种风能设备，包括一个变速器，该变速器的输入端与一根转子轴耦联，对于该转子轴设置一个单独的轴承。
背景技术
Erich Hau，Windkraftanlagen，zweite überarbeitete undaktualisierte Auflage，Springer 1996，Seiten 242-247(埃里希.豪，“风力设备”，修改和更新的第二版，斯普林格出版社1996年，第242-247页)描述了转子支承系统的不同方案。对于长轴已知设定单独的轴承。另外已知，转子支承系统弯全设置在变速器内或者设置在一个固定不动的空心轴内。后面的轴承也可以集成到变速器内并且前面的轴承构成为单独的轴承。用于转子轴的单独的轴承可以在机架中有一个分开的轴承座或者集成到承载的机器间前壁中。后一种支承形式也称为三点支承，其中转子轴的前面的支承构成主轴承或者转子轴承，而后面的支承通过变速器承担，该变速器本身在侧面(左侧和右侧)支持在机架上。转子与转子轴连接并且从而与传动线路(Triebstrang)连接并且由其携带，该转子包括转子轮毂和转子叶片。在传动线路上必须拆卸变速器的工作中，在已知的风能设备中转子也必须与传动线路一起拆卸。这关系到显著的耗费。
EP 1 291 521 A1建议转子轮毂与机架或者机器间前壁螺纹连接，使得转子可以保留在风能设备上，而变速器被修理和从机器间上推出。
由Powerful News，A newsletter from NEG Micon A/S，August 2000，Seite 4，rechte Spalte(动力新闻，NEG Micon A/S的实事通讯，2000年8月，第4页，右栏)已知一种用于转子轴的夹持装置，此时缺失转子轴通过变速器的支持。夹持装置具有一个跨过转子轴的搭桥，该搭桥在其外端与机架连接。该搭桥在装配状态下与机架螺纹连接并且在中心区域具有一个凹槽，该凹槽容纳转子轴。如果拆卸变速器，那么转子轴通过转子受载并且经由单独的轴承引起朝上倾翻。通过与机架连接的支承搭桥，转子轴保持在其位置上。
由后面公开的欧洲专利申请EP 1 617 075 A1已知一种用于在风力设备中更换变速器的装置。在该装置中也设置一个扼圈，该扼圈具有一个用于贴靠转子轴的凹弯。该凹弯经由一个卡圈封闭，该卡圈使转子轴相对于凹弯固定夹紧。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于用简单的措施实现这样一种可能性，使得在风能设备中可以在变速器上实施工作，而此时不必在很大程度上拆卸传动线路。
本发明的目的通过一种风能设备解决。
按本发明的风能设备具有一个变速器，该变速器的输入轴与一根转子轴耦联。转子轴通过一个单独的转子轴承夹持，其中后面的轴承集成到变速器中。在单独的轴承与变速器之间设置一个夹持装置，当缺失转子轴通过变速器的支持时，该夹持装置将转子轴夹持在一个预定的位置上，所述夹持装置具有：颚板，各颚板在装配位置上包围转子轴；支承框架，该支承框架在装配位置上跨过转子轴；对于每个颚板的至少一个张紧元件，该张紧元件张紧到颚板与支承框架之间。按本发明的夹持装置在这种情况下承担转子轴的支持，使得变速器可以与转子轴脱开。夹持装置优选具有一个支承框架，该支承框架用于可拆地与一个机架连接。支承框架在其装配位置上跨过转子轴。另外夹持装置优选具有两个颚板，它们在装配位置上包围转子轴。夹持装置另外设有张紧元件，它们可以分别在一个颚板与支承框架之间张紧，以便将颚板夹持在支承框架上。优选对于每个颚板设有两个张紧元件。夹持装置的各颚板在一种优选的实施形式中围绕转子轴放置、相互连接并且经由张紧元件与支承框架连接。随后支承框架在一个跨过转子轴的位置上装配到机架上。
机架优选也如同转子轴的单独的轴承那样支持变速器。
在本发明的夹持装置的一种优选的进一步拓展中设定一个压环，该压环与夹持装置连接，沿轴向方向施加力，以便使转子轴与变速器的输入端脱开。
附图说明
下面详细说明按本发明的夹持装置的优选的实施例。其中：
图1显示支承框架的前视图；
图2显示图1的支承框架的前视图，包括安装的夹持颚板；
图3显示支承框架的顶视图，包括突出的压环；
图4显示机架的透视图，包括转子轴和变速器；
图5显示图4的放大视图，包括待安装的夹持颚板；
图6显示图5的包括已安装的夹持颚板的视图；
图7显示安装的夹持颚板与张紧元件；
图8显示安装的夹持颚板与张紧元件和装上的支承框架；
图9部分剖开地显示包括预备的压环的支承框架和颚板；
图10显示包括装上的起重机底脚的机架的从斜上方看的透视图；
图11显示包括装上的起重机底脚的机架的侧视图。
具体实施方式
图1显示一个支承框架10，该支承框架在其端部具有装配板12。从装配板分别延伸多个型材段。第一型材段14构成为双T形型材并且具有一个孔16。紧接着第一型材段14跟随一个第二型材段18，该第二型材段相对于第一型材段倾斜。第二型材段18在其朝外指向的侧面上具有一个带有中心孔22的吊耳20。紧接着第二型材支架，跟随一个中间的支架型材24，它在两侧与两个支架型材18连接。中间的支架型材24具有两个边缘段26，它们通过一个中心的中间区域28分开。侧面的区域26设有孔30。中间支架24为了稳定尤其是在其中心区域28加强地构成，双T形型材在该中心区域附加地在侧面设有一个壁(见图9)。
图2显示带有四个安装的张紧元件32的支承框架10，这些张紧元件固定在孔16和30中。张紧元件32又可以在其长度上经由一个中心的元件34进行调节。如图2可知，张紧元件32分别成对地与其中一个颚板元件36、38连接。如下面还要解释的那样，颚板元件36、38包围转子轴。
在图3中在顶视图中可知，一个压环40、42可以突出到支承框架10之前，该压环经由顶升元件44与夹持颚板36和38连接。
图4-9在下面描述安装过程并且显示夹持装置的工作方式。图4显示机架46的前侧的透视图，如该机架在风能设备的三点支承中所采用的。为了更好的整体概况，未描述主轴承。该主轴承在区域48支持在机架46上并且在区域52支承转子轴50。在这种支承中谈及三点支承，因为除了在52处支承转子轴50的主轴承之外，变速器54在56和58处用集成的轴承进行支持。在变速器损坏或者变速器的维护工作中，至今常常有必要将变速器连同转子轴50一起拆卸，因为在除去变速器54之后对于转子轴50缺乏支持。转子轴50经由锥形张紧元件(收缩盘53)与变速器54连接。箭头表示夹持装置与机架46连接的区域。
图5显示夹持颚板36和38怎样放下，如通过箭头A所表示的，并且它包围转子轴50。如图5和6所示，夹持颚板包括彼此平行设置的盘，它们带有一个适配于转子轴50的几何形状的夹持面60。另外，每个夹持颚板36或38在其端面具有贴靠面62，各贴靠面设有孔64。为了相互装配夹持颚板36和38，它们可以通过螺栓在端面相互连接。
图6显示在未连接状态下的已装上的夹持颚板36和38。图7显示夹持颚板36和38与已安装的张紧元件32。关于安装过程本身不言而喻的是，夹持颚板36和38也可以带有已经预装配的张紧元件32地安装到转子轴50上。
下面在图8中描述支承框架10怎样安装到机架46上。支承框架10与机架46螺纹连接并且插入和张紧这些张紧元件32，以便夹持转子轴。支承框架也可以包括多个部分，它们彼此分开地提升到风能设备的机器间内并且紧接着才组装。
在图9中部分剖开地显示已装配的夹持装置，以便能够看到带有锥形张紧元件53的变速器54和带有元件44的压环40、42。为了能够将变速器54与转子轴50分开，必须松开借助于螺钉张紧的锥形张紧元件(收缩盘)53。压环40、42被安装并且经由顶升元件44与夹持装置连接。顶升元件有利地构成为液压缸，但是其它结构也是可以考虑的。与夹持颚板36、38连接的顶升元件44将变速器54连同锥形张紧元件53从转子轴50上推开。转子轴50构成锥形的，因此在变速器54连同锥形张紧元件53推去时通过夹持装置的颚板36、38支持“支托”。
图10和11另外显示一个起重机底脚66，它夹持在机架46上。起重机底脚66具有四条腿68，各腿分别与机架46连接。起重机底脚66在各一对腿68之间具有一个凹槽，该凹槽允许在装配支承框架10时装上起重机底脚66。因此允许在装上支承框架10时用一个单独装在机架46上的起重机提升和放下载荷。

Claims (6)

1.风能设备，包括一个变速器(54)，该变速器的输入端与一根转子轴(50)耦联，该转子轴具有一个单独的轴承，其中在轴承与变速器之间设置一个夹持装置(10)，当缺失转子轴通过变速器的支持时，该夹持装置在装配的状态下将转子轴夹持在一个预定的位置上，其特征在于：所述夹持装置具有：
颚板(36、38)，各颚板在装配位置上包围转子轴(50)；
支承框架(10)，该支承框架在装配位置上跨过转子轴；
对于每个颚板的至少一个张紧元件(32)，该张紧元件张紧到颚板与支承框架之间。
2.按权利要求1的风能设备，其特征在于：所述夹持装置能够与一个机架(46)可拆地连接。
3.按权利要求1或2的风能设备，其特征在于：对于每个颚板(36、38)设有两个张紧元件(32)。
4.按权利要求1或2的风能设备，其特征在于：机架(46)支持变速器(54)。
5.按权利要求1或2的风能设备，其特征在于：机架(46)支持转子轴(50)的轴承。
6.按权利要求1或2的风能设备，其特征在于：另外设有一个压环(40、42)，该压环与夹持装置连接，在转子轴的轴向方向上施加力，以便使得转子轴(50)与变速器(54)的输入端脱开。
CNB2005800432589A 2004-12-17 2005-11-25 带有用于转子轴的夹持装置的风能设备 Expired - Fee Related CN100523492C (zh)

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