CN100490791C - 治疗与新血管生成相关疾病的组合物及方法 - Google Patents
治疗与新血管生成相关疾病的组合物及方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供通过递送有效量的棉酚、或其药物学上可接受的盐类、衍生物或前药至细胞或组织而抑制组织中新血管生成的方法。本发明也提供通过对患者施用有效量的棉酚、或其药物学上可接受的盐类、衍生物或前药以治疗内皮细胞过增生和/或新血管生成相关疾病的方法。本发明也提供治疗病人的试剂盒。
Description
与相关申请的互相参考
本申请要求2000年12月15日提交的美国临时申请第60/255,876号在35 U.S.C.§119(e)之下的权益,其内容全文在此并入本公开的参考文献。
发明领域
本发明属于药物学的领域。具体言之,其涉及用于预防及治疗疾病的抗血管生成药物。
技术背景
血管生成作用是自既存的血管往外生长生成新的血管结构的过程,在此过程中,因为支撑内皮细胞的基膜被蛋白水解酶分解,因而内皮细胞会脱离基膜,而后这些细胞会迁移出原来的血管、进行分裂,并形成新分化的血管结构(Risau,(1997)Nature386:671-674;Wilting等人.,(1995)Cell.Mol.Biol.Res.41(4):219-232)。已发现数种不同生物因子具有控制血管生成的功能(Bussolino等人.,(1997)Trends in Biochem Sci 22(7):251-256;Folkman及D’Amore,(1996)Cell 87:1153-1155),其包括具有各种功能的蛋白质,诸如生长因子、细胞表面受体、蛋白酶、蛋白酶抑制剂,及胞外基质蛋白质(Achen及Stacker,(1998)Int.J.Exp.Pathol.79:255-265;Devalaraja及Richmond,(1999)Trends in Pharmacol.Sci.20(4):151-156;Hanahan,(1997)Science277:48-50;Maisonpierre等人,(1997)Science277:55-60;Suri等人,(1996)Cell 87:1171-1180;Sato等人,(1995)Nature 376:70-74;Mignatti及Rifkin,(1996)Enzyme Protein 49:117-137;Pintucci等人.,(1996)Semin Thromb Hemost 22(6)517-524;Vernon及Sage,(1995)Am.J.Pathol.147(4):873-883;Brooks等人.,(1994)Science 264:569-571;Koch等人.,(1995)Nature376:517-519)。血管生成作用的复杂性及控制其进展的因子的多样性提供控制体内血管生成作用以为治疗方法的可用思维。
正常情况下,血管生成作用以周密控制的方式发生于胚胎发育、生长,及特别情况下(例如伤口愈合及女性生殖循环)(Wilting及Christ,(1996)Naturwissenschaften 83:153-164;Goodger及Rogers,(1995)Microcirculation 2:329-343;Augustin等人.,(1995)Am.J.Pathol.147(2):339-351)。血管生成作用过程中某些重要的步骤有:1)生长因子(例如血管内皮生长因子,VEGF)信号作用;2)基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)同VEGF受体相互作用;3)内皮细胞迁移至生长因子信号作用位置;及4)内皮细胞管状物的生成。病理性血管生成作用在一些人类疾病中扮演重要角色,包括肿瘤生长及移转性癌症、糖尿病性视网膜病、类风湿性关节炎,及其他发炎性疾病,诸如牛皮癣(Folkman,(1995)Nature Med.1(1):27-31;Polverini,(1995)Rheumatology 38(2):103-112;Healy等人.,(1998)Hum.Reprod.Update4(5):736-396)。在这些例子中,疾病的恶化由血管生成作用的持续失控所导致,例如,在类风湿性关节炎中,新毛细血管会侵入关节,并破坏软骨,在糖尿病性视网膜病中,视网膜中的毛细血管会侵入玻璃体,出血并导致失明,重要的是,肿瘤生长及移转作用与血管生成作用有关,大部分原发性固体肿瘤会经历一段长时间的无血管期,期间的生长局限于直径约为1-2毫米范围,在此大小的内,肿瘤细胞可经由被动扩散作用获取所需的氧及营养,而这些微观肿瘤质体最终会启动血管生成作用,并募集周边血管,开始长出毛细血管在肿瘤质体内形成血管,提供肿瘤持续扩展并移转恶性肿瘤到远端位置。虽然在探索病理性血管生成作用的生物过程方面已有明显的进展,然而目前并无有效的药用化合物可以控制体内的血管生成作用,因此,有效控制血管生成作用的治疗法有可能减缓大量人类疾病。
传统上,通过筛选具有所需药物特性的合成化学化合物,而后在体内试验其毒性及有效性,以开发出药用化合物。利用此法所筛选的化合物常于体内具有毒性副作用,且此方法尚未成功发展出可作为疾病疗法的有效的血管生成抑制剂。近来,已应用分子生物技术发展血管生成作用抑制剂,已发现,在实验模型中可控制血管生成的血管生成的蛋白抑制剂,诸如血管抑制蛋白(angiostatin)(O’Reilly等人.,(1994)Cell79(2):315-328)及内皮抑制蛋白(endostatin)(O’Reilly等人.,(1997)Cell 88(2):277-285)。但是,生产此种蛋白质相当昂贵,难以制剂,且不易传送至受体中。目前,蛋白质血管生成抑制剂尚未开发为疾患者者的医疗药物,因此,需要能安全施用于患者,且有效抑制血管内皮细胞的病理性生长的治疗性化合物。本发明提供的组合物及方法即是用于此目的,并可提供相关的优势。
本发明的公开
据发现棉酚及其衍生物可抑制内皮细胞生长及增生以及血管生成。因此,本发明提供抑制内皮细胞增生的方法,特别是对于达到病理程度或在组织内的正在分裂的细胞。本发明也提供抑制组织中新血管生成的方法。各方法需要将有效量的棉酚、或其药物学上可接受的盐类、衍生物或前药递送至细胞或组织。
本发明也提供通过对患者施用有效量的棉酚、或其药物学上可接受的盐类、衍生物或前药治疗与内皮细胞过增生和/或新血管生成相关疾病的方法。本发明也提供治疗病人的试剂盒。
本发明进一步提供筛选治疗效果与棉酚、或其药物学上可接受的盐类、衍生物或前药相同、相似或更佳的新治疗剂的方法。筛选时需要比较棉酚、或其药物学上可接受的盐类、衍生物或前药与该药剂之间的抗增殖效应。
附图简述
图1显示在内皮细胞测定中纯棉酚的抑制百分比。
图2显示在内皮细胞测定中棉酚乙酸盐的细胞抑制效应。
实施本发明的方式
本公开中,会引用各种文献、专利以及已发表的专利说明书作为参考文献。此类文献、专利及已发表的专利说明书的公开内容全文在此并入参考文献,以便在本公开中更完整地描述关于本发明的最新技术状态。
本发明中除非特别说明,所用的分子生物学(包括重组技艺)、微生物学、细胞生物学、生化学以及免疫学技术,均为本领域常规技术。这些技术在文献中有完整的说明。
定义
本专利说明书中所用的某些名词具有下列的定义。
除非在上下文中有明确指出,否则本专利说明书及权利要求中所指单数“一种”包括其复数,例如,“一种细胞”包括细胞的复数,包括其混合物。
本专利说明书中所用“包括”意指该组合物及方法中包含所列举的元素,但不排除包含其他元素。当以“基本由…组成”定义组合物及方法时,不包括其他任何对组合有基本重要性的元素。因此,基本由本专利说明书所定义的元素组成的组合物不排除有在分离及纯化时带入的少量污染物,及药学上可接受的载体,诸如磷酸缓冲盐溶液、防腐剂及类似物。“由…组成”指排除对于施用本发明组合物的其他超过微量成分的元素,及实质性的方法步骤。由这些变化的术语定义的实施方案属本发明范围内。
所有的数值名称,例如pH、温度、时间、浓度及分子量,包括范围,以0.1数值增(+)或减(-)的变化近似。需知,虽然无法总是精确列举,所有数值前有“约”字。也需知,虽然无法总是明确申请,但本专利说明书所述试剂只是实例,而其等同物为本领域技术所熟知。
“分离”指将化合物从正常情况下与其有关的组合物、细胞及其他成分分开。
“受体”或“宿主”指脊椎动物,优选动物或哺乳动物,更优选为人类患者,哺乳动物包括,但不局限于鼠科、猿类、人类患者、农场动物、比赛动物、及宠物。
相互变化用词,且不论单数或复数的“癌症”、“恶性肿瘤”及“肿瘤”指已进行恶性转化的细胞,其对宿主机体造成病理性伤害。利用良好建立的技术,特别是组织学检查,可轻易区分原发性癌症细胞(即,获自靠近恶性转换位点的细胞)与非-癌症细胞。本专利说明书所用“癌症”定义不仅包括原发性癌症细胞,也包括衍生自癌症细胞祖先的任何细胞,包括移转的癌症细胞,及体外培养细胞,及衍生自癌症细胞的细胞系。当称某类癌症正常为固体肿瘤时,“临床可检测的”肿瘤是种根据肿瘤质量可检测到的肿瘤;例如,利用诸如CAT扫描步骤、核磁共振影像(MRI)、X-光、超声波或触诊检测。只以生化或免疫学所发现的不足以符合此定义。
本专利说明书所指“抑制”为终止、延滞或减缓内皮细胞的生长、增殖或细胞分裂,或血管在组织中的生成。监控抑制作用的方法包括,但不局限于内皮细胞增殖分析、利用测定血液成分及定量测定血管结构密度以测定血管床的体积。当培养细胞为细胞混合物时,利用定量测定表达内皮细胞特异性的标记,诸如血管生成因子、蛋白水解酶及内皮细胞特异性的细胞吸附分子的细胞,以监控新血管生成。
“组合物”指活性剂及其他惰性或活性化合物或组合物,如佐剂的组合。“药物组合物”指包括活性剂和惰性或活性载体的组合物,其载体使该组合物适于体内或体外或离体的诊断或治疗用途。
本专利说明书中所用“药学上可接受的载体”包括任何标准药用载体,诸如磷酸缓冲盐溶液、水及浮化液,诸如油/水或水/油浮化液,及各种类型的润湿剂。组合物也可包括稳定剂及防腐剂。载体、稳定剂及佐剂的实例,可参考Martin,REMINGTON’S PHARM.SCI.,15版(Mack出版公司.,Easton(1975))。
“有效量”指足以产生有益或所需结果的量,此量与预防有效量可相同或不相同,所谓预防有效量指预防疾病或疾病症状发生的必须量。可以在一或多次施用、应用或剂量中施用该有效量。
棉酚,一种酚醛,天然存在于棉子属(Gossypium)即通常所知的棉花中的黄色色素。已知其以类似阉割的方法改变生殖系统中类固醇合成会引起许多附属器官的退化。然而,最近棉酚对类固醇反应性肿瘤是有力的抗癌药剂引起了注意(例如,Lin,等人(1995)Proc.Ann.Mtg.Am.Assoc.Cancer Res.36:A2329)。棉酚以远非其对类固醇生成途径作用的机制对细胞生长实施其抑制效应。
本发明申请人发现棉酚可抑制内皮细胞生长并具有抗血管生成的性质。依据此类发现,本发明通过递送生长抑制量的棉酚、或其药物学上可接受的衍生物、盐类或前药至细胞可提供抑制内皮细胞生长的方法。本发明也通过递送抗-血管生成作用量的棉酚、或其药物学上可接受的衍生物、盐类或前药至组织,可提供抑制组织血管生成的方法。
此方法可在体外或体内施行。当在体外施行时,内皮细胞或血管化的组织可在本领域技术人员熟知的条件下,如下述所例示进行培养。细胞和/或组织可取自已建立的细胞株或用取自患者组织切片样本的培养。然后可将棉酚或其药物学上可接受的衍生物、盐类或前药直接加入培养液或以药物组合物的成分递送。
一方面棉酚衍生物为棉酚乙酸盐。本文的″棉酚″除非特别地说明,包含各种分离的实施方案。该名称包含外消旋物、以及其纯化的镜像异构的形式(±)以及(-)、衍生物例如棉酚乙酸盐、其药物学上可接受的盐类以及前药。外消旋棉酚的纯化方法如下述。一方面,纯化的棉酚仅为(-)形式。在另一方面则仅为(+)形式。外消旋的、(+)或(-)形式各自可自市售获得以及各自的分离方法为本领域已知。例如,使用HPLC手性柱,如:CHIRAL-AGP、CHIRAL-CBH以及CHIRAL-HAS,其可购自Chrom Tech International,AB。Perkins-Elmer也有贩售手性分离试剂盒,其名称为Sulfadex手性分离试剂盒。
此盐类的实例包括:乙酸盐、己二酸盐、藻胶酸盐、天门冬氨酸盐、苯甲酸盐、苯磺酸盐、硫酸氢盐、丁酸盐、柠檬酸盐、樟脑酸盐、樟脑磺酸盐、环戊烷丙酸盐、二葡萄糖酸盐、十二烷基硫酸盐、乙烷磺酸盐、反丁烯二酸盐、葡萄糖庚酸盐(flucoheptanoate)、甘油磷酸盐、半硫酸盐(hemisulfate)、庚酸盐、己酸盐、盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢碘酸盐、2-羟基乙烷磺酸盐、乳酸盐、顺丁烯二酸盐、甲磺酸盐、2-萘磺酸盐、烟酸盐、草酸盐、棕榈酸盐、果胶质酸盐(pectinate)、过硫酸盐、苯基丙酸盐、苦味酸盐、三甲基乙酸盐、丙酸盐、琥珀酸盐、酒石酸盐、硫氰酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐以及十一烷酸盐。其它盐类的实例包括本发明化合物的阴离子与适当的阳离子,例如:Na+、NH4 +、及NW4 +(其中W是C1-4烷基)。
用于治疗时,本发明化合物的盐类是药物学上可接受的盐类。然而,非药物学上可接受的酸及碱的盐类也可利用,例如来制备或纯化成药物学上可接受的化合物。
并非每种治疗均对各个患者都会有效,因此体外测定对各患者的功效将会是有利的。在本发明中提供此类方法测定棉酚的治疗是否能治疗各患者的相关于内皮细胞病理性增生的特异性疾病。例如,将分离自患者的组织活体与有效量的如在此所定义的药物组合物或治疗法,在细胞有效生长以及增生的条件下接触。用常规方法(例如:描述于此的CPAE测定)确定病理细胞生长的抑制,其显示发明的组合物和/或治疗法可有效地治疗患者。
血管生成作用或新血管的形成是形成新血管的基本过程。其涉及基本生理事件,例如生殖发育以及创伤愈合。在正常的情况下,血管生成作用受到高度调控。然而,许多疾病由持续失控的血管生成所驱动。在风湿性关节炎中,新的毛细血管入侵关节并破坏软骨。在糖尿病性视网膜病中,视网膜中新的毛细血管入侵玻璃体,造成出血,以及引起失明。肿瘤生长以及肿瘤移转也依赖于血管生成。大多数原生固体肿瘤经历长期无血管的状态且明显静止,此时生长的最大尺寸保持在约1-2毫米直径以内。至此大小,肿瘤细胞可经简单的被动扩散取得必须的氧以及营养物质。此类微小的肿瘤质体经由募集周围的成熟宿主血管,最后终究可开启血管生成作用,并开始向外长出新的毛细血管,最后渗透肿瘤块,如此造成肿瘤块无情的扩张以及血原性肿瘤迁移散布。血管生成的开启最初被假设为由肿瘤细胞异位生产并制造被称为″肿瘤血管生成作用因子″(TAF)的生长因子而触发。
本发明也提供治疗患者相关于病理性新血管生成的疾病的方法,其系对患者施用治疗有效量的棉酚(外消旋酸盐,(+)或(-))、或内含一种或多种此类物质的药物组合物。本文中″治疗″系指缓和相关于病理性新血管生成的症状以及降低新血管生成作用。该症状包括,但非限于关节炎症状、基于新血管的皮肤症状、糖尿病性视网膜病、卡波西氏肉瘤、衰老性斑退化症、毛细管扩张、青光眼、瘢痕瘤、角膜移植的排斥、伤口肉芽作用、血管纤维瘤、欧斯勒-韦伯(Osler-Webber)综合症、心肌血管生成、及硬皮病。列举的关节炎病症选自:风湿性关节炎以及骨关节炎。治疗癌症以及固体肿瘤时,其″治疗″包括抑制血管生长,造成肿瘤和/或癌细胞缺少其生长所必须的营养物。因此肿瘤及生长物将会缩小尺寸并可能消失。投药治疗关节炎症状,将会导致软骨,特别是关节中血管生成减少。造成此类区域移动性以及灵活性增加。治疗牛皮癣时,投药将可减轻皮肤症状,例如:疙瘩、鳞片化以及皮肤表面下的可见血管。在糖尿病性视网膜病中,施用该活性级分将可降低视网膜中外来血管的形成,造成无障碍视觉。治疗卡波西氏肉瘤时,施用活性级分将可抑制血管生长和/或进一步的形成,从而抑制损害的形成和/或肿瘤的产生。
本发明申请人意外地发现(-)棉酚可集中于主要器官,例如:心脏、脾脏以及肌肉。因此,一方面,本发明通过递送有效量的(-)棉酚至患者或目的器官的细胞,提供在此类器官中治疗或缓和新血管生成症状的方法。(+)形式会集中于肾脏。因此,在另一方面,本发明通过递送有效量的(+)棉酚至患者或肾脏细胞,提供治疗或缓和肾脏新血管生成的症状。
对患者施用该活性级分,例如对小鼠、大鼠或人类患者,该药剂可添加于药学上可接受的载体中并以全身性、经口、经皮或局部方式施予对象。治疗量可用实验确定,并视接要治疗的病变、接受治疗的对象以及用于治疗方法中该级份形式的毒性而变化。活性级分可经口、静脉内、腹腔内、或经皮递送。当递送至动物时,本方法用于进一步证实活性级分的功效。
在动物模型的实例中,将裸鼠(Balb/c NCR nu/nu雌性,Simonsen,Gilroy,CA)各组皮下接种约105至约109如本文定义的过度增殖的细胞。当移植完成后,施用化合物,例如在移植处附近皮下注射。每周二次使用venier测径器测定移植物大小在2个维度上的降低。
用MRL/lpr小鼠(MRL/MpJ-Fas1pr,Jackson Labs,Maine)测试或监视对关节炎症状的功效。阳性治疗效益包括降低关节及动物后脚的肿胀以及降低软骨降解,其可用X射线监测。
在整个疗程中可以单一剂量、多重剂量、连续或间歇方式于体内投药。决定最有效的方式以及投药剂量的方法则为本领域技术人员所熟知,并将视治疗组合物、治疗的目的、治疗的靶细胞、以及治疗对象而变化。可进行单一或多重投药,剂量水平以及模式由治疗医师选择。适当剂量的制剂以及施用该药剂的方法见下述内容。
本发明的组合物及药学剂型可用于制作药物及健康补品,以及用于依据常规程序施用,例如含有效成份的药物组合物,而治疗人类及其它动物。
药物组合物可经口、鼻内、经肠胃外或经吸气治疗施用,其形式可为:药片、锭剂、颗粒、胶囊、药丸、安瓶、栓剂或气溶胶形式。其形式也可为有效成份在水性或非水性稀释剂中的悬浮液、溶液以及乳状液、糖浆、颗粒或粉末。除了本发明化合物的外,药物组合物也可含有其它药学活性成分。
更具体地,本文中所指为有效成份的活性级分,在治疗时可经任何适当的途径施用,包括:经口、直肠、鼻腔、局部(包括经皮、气溶胶、口腔以及舌下)、阴道、经肠胃外(包括皮下、肌内、静脉内以及皮内)以及肺部施用途径。需知优选途径将视症状以及受体年龄、以及要治疗的疾病而变化。
当进行体内治疗时,患者的病理性内皮细胞生长或新血管生成会受到抑制。其系将可达成预期结果的治疗有效量的棉酚、(外消旋体、(+)或(-))、或其药物学上可接受的衍生物、盐类或前药递送至患者。本发明也提供经由施用治疗有效量或生长抑制量的棉酚(外消旋体、(+)或(-))、或其药物学上可接受的衍生物、盐类或前药治疗患者相关于病理性新血管生成病症的方法。该症状包括但非限于关节炎病症、基于新血管的皮肤症状、糖尿病性视网膜病、再狭窄症、卡波西氏肉瘤、衰老性斑退化、毛细管扩张、青光眼、瘢痕瘤、角膜移植排斥、伤口肉芽化作用、血管纤维瘤、欧斯勒-韦伯综合症、心肌血管生成作用以及硬皮病。列举的关节炎病症为:风湿性关节炎、牛皮癣关节炎以及骨关节炎。
当对受体,例如小鼠、大鼠或人类患者施用棉酚时,药剂可添加于药学可接受的载体中,以全身性、经口、经皮或局部方式施用至患者。治疗量可经实验测定,并可视治疗的病理状况、治疗的患者以及治疗的症状而变化。
并非每种治疗对每个个体都会有效,因此体外对各患者进行功效测定将会是有利的前置步骤。本发明提供此方法来类测定组合物或治疗是否可治疗患者的相关内皮细胞病理性增生或血管生成的特定疾病。例如,从患者中分离组织活体检查样品,在细胞有效生长以及增生的条件下处以本文所定义的有效量的药物组合物或治疗法。用常规方法,例如描述于此的CPAE测定,确定对病理性细胞生长的抑制,其显示发明的组合物和/或治疗法可有效地治疗患者。
药物成分虽可单独施用,但优选以包含至少一种定义如上的活性成份与一或多种药学可接受的载体以及可选包含其它治疗剂的药物剂型进行施用。各载体必须是″可接受的″,其意指与剂型中其它成分兼容以及对患者无害。
制剂包括适用于经口、直肠、鼻腔、局部(包含:经皮、口腔及舌下)、阴道、经肠胃外(含皮下、肌内、静脉内及皮内)以及肺部投药的制剂。制剂可方便地为单位剂量形式以及可用制药领域熟知的任何方法制备。该方法包括将有效成份与构成一或多种附属成分的载体结合的步骤。一般而言,制剂以将有效成份与液体载体或细分的固体载体或以上二者均匀及紧密地结合而制备,然后视需要将产物定形。
适用于口服的本发明制剂可为各自含有预定量有效成份的不连续单位,例如胶囊、淀粉囊剂(cachet)或药片);其可为粉末或颗粒;水或非水液体中的溶液或悬浮液;或水包油液体乳剂或油包水液体乳剂。有效成份也可为大丸药、糖膏剂或糊剂。
药片可经压缩或模制加以制作,可选包含一或多种附件成分。制备压缩药片时,可用适当的机器压缩自由流动形式,例如粉末或颗粒形式的有效成份,并可选混合粘合剂(例如聚烯吡酮、明胶、羟基丙基甲基纤维素)、润滑剂、惰性稀释剂、防腐剂、崩解剂(例如:淀粉乙醇酸钠、交联的聚烯吡酮、交联的羧甲基纤维素钠)表面-活性或分散剂。模制药片可用适当的机器将用惰性液体稀释剂湿化后的粉末状化合物的混合物模制而制得。药片可选包衣或蚀刻,并可将有效成份调制成提供缓释或控制释放的形式,例如使用各种比例的羟基丙基甲基纤维素提供所需释放形式。药片可选带有肠溶包衣,使其在肠内而非在胃部释放。
适用于口腔局部投药的制剂包括:糖锭剂,其通常在用蔗糖以及阿拉伯胶或西黄蓍胶调味的基质中包含有效成份;该制剂可为包含有效成份与惰性物质例如明胶以及甘油、或蔗糖以及阿拉伯胶的软锭片;该制剂可为包含有效成份与适当液态载体的嗽口水。
依据本发明进行局部投药的药物组合物可调制成:药膏、乳液、悬浮液、涂剂、粉末、溶液、软膏、凝胶、喷剂、气溶胶或油状物。此外,制剂可包含布片或绷带,例如:浸渍有效成分以及可选一种或多种赋形剂或稀释剂的绷带或吸附性膏药。
治疗眼睛或其它外部的组织,例如:口腔以及皮肤疾病时,优选施用含有效成份的局部药膏或乳液制剂。当调制成药膏时,药物可使用石蜡或易与水混合的物质调制成药膏。此外,药物成分可与水包油乳液基质调制成乳液。
视需要,乳液的水相可包括,例如:至少约30%w/w的多元醇,即具有两个或多个羟基的醇,例如:丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、甘露糖醇、山梨糖醇、甘油以及聚乙二醇及其混合物。局部制剂可视需要包括可促进药物有效成分吸收或经皮肤或其它感染区域穿透的化合物。透皮增强剂的实例包括:二甲基亚砜以及相关的类似物。
本发明乳液的油相可用已知成分以任何已知的方法构成。此油相可仅包含乳化剂(或已知为乳化药剂),可选包含至少一种具有脂肪或油或脂肪与油的乳化剂混合物。优选亲水性乳化剂可包括亲脂的乳化剂作为稳定剂。优选也包括油与脂肪。乳化剂,含或不含稳定剂可制成所谓的乳化蜡,蜡与油和/或脂肪可制成所谓的乳化膏,其可形成乳液制剂的油性分散相。
适用于调制本发明的乳化药剂及乳化稳定剂,包括:Tween 60、Span 80、十六醇十八醇混合物、肉豆蔻醇、单硬脂酸甘油酯以及月桂基硫酸钠。
由于活性化合物在大多数药用乳化制剂的油中溶解度非常低,所以可根据所需求的化妆品性质选择适当的油或脂肪进行调制。因此优选乳液应为有适当稠度以避免从试管或其它容器中渗漏的非油腻的、非染色性以及可清洗的产品。可使用直链或支链、单元或二元烷基酯类,例如:二-异己二酸酯、硬脂酸异十六酯、椰子脂肪酸丙二醇二酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、油酸癸酯、棕榈酸异丙酯、硬脂酸丁酯、棕榈酸2-乙基己酯、或已知为Crodamol CAP的支链酯类的混合物,后三者为优选的酯类。此类酯类可取决于性质需要而单独或结合使用。此外,可使用高熔点脂质,例如:白色软石蜡和/或液体石蜡或其它矿物油。
适用于眼睛局部投药的制剂,也包括眼药水,其中的有效成份可溶解于或悬浮于适当的载体,尤其是水溶性溶剂。直肠投药的制剂可为含适当的基质,其包含,例如:可可油或水杨酸盐。
适用于阴道投药的制剂可为阴道药栓、填塞物、乳膏、凝胶、软膏、泡沫或喷剂,其中除了内含前药成分外也可含本领域已知的适当的载体。
适用于鼻腔投药的制剂,其中载体可为包括粗粉末的固体,其粒度例如,介于约20至约500微米,其可用吸入的方法施用,即,将含有粉末的容器靠近鼻子,经由鼻腔快速的吸入。适用于例如:鼻喷剂、鼻腔滴液、或由喷雾器投药的气溶胶的载体为液态的适合制剂包括前药成分的水或油性溶液的液体。
适用于经肠胃外给药的制剂包括水以及非水的等张灭菌注射溶液,其可含有抗氧化剂、缓冲溶液、抑菌剂以及赋予剂型与预期的接受者血液等张的溶质;以及水以及非水性灭菌的悬浮液,其可包括悬浮剂以及增稠剂、及脂质体或其它设计来将化合物靶向血液成分或一或更多个器官的微粒系统。制剂可存在于单-剂量或多剂量密封容器中,例如:安瓿以及小瓶,以及可储存于冷冻干燥的状况,在使用的前仅须要加入灭菌的液体载体,例如水,即可作为注射剂。即用的注射溶液以及悬浮液可制备自先前描述的灭菌粉末、颗粒以及药片。
优选的单位剂量制剂为,其中含每日剂量或单位、每日次剂量(列举如上)、或其适当级分的药物成分。
需知除了以上成分之外,本发明制剂可包括其它在此本领域中常规的与调配相关的各类药剂,例如适合口服投药的制剂中可进一步包括:甜味剂、增稠剂以及调味剂。其也可含有额外的活性剂,例如:抗-肿瘤、抗-癌症、抗血管生成或免疫增强剂。
棉酚,(外消旋体或光学纯的组合物)、其前药,盐类或其衍生物以及相同的组合物也可作为兽医制剂的形式使用,其可例如用本领域的常规方法制备。
本发明进一步提供筛选抑制新血管生成或内皮细胞生长的治疗剂的方法。筛选方法包含:
(a)将药剂与适当的细胞或组织样品接触;
(b)将另一份适当的细胞或组织样品与治疗有效量的棉酚或其药学上可接受的衍生物、盐类或前药接触,以及
(c)比较步骤(a)与步骤(b)中样品的生长,若步骤(a)中任何药剂对生长的抑制效果与步骤(b)样品中的程度相同或相似,其即为抑制新血管生成或内皮细胞生长的治疗药剂。
其它在此描述的治疗以及药剂,可选与样品合并。
本发明也提供治疗患者相关于病理性新血管生成病症的试剂盒。该试剂盒包括治疗有效量的棉酚(外消旋体、(+)或(-))、或其药学可接受衍生物、盐类或前药以及使用说明。该试剂盒适用于治疗的病症选自:关节炎病症、基于新血管的皮肤病、糖尿病性视网膜病、再狭窄症、卡波西氏肉瘤、衰老性斑退化、毛细管扩张、青光眼、瘢痕瘤、角膜移植排斥、伤口肉芽化作用、血管纤维瘤、欧斯勒-韦伯综合症、心肌血管生成作用、硬皮病、风湿性关节炎、牛皮癣关节炎以及骨关节炎。
下列实施例预期用以说明,但非限制本发明。
实施例
实施例1分离以及纯化棉酚
棉酚以及棉酚乙酸盐的制备方法依据Hron及其合作者(Hron,R.J.,Sr.等人(1987)J.Am Oil Chem Soc.64:1315;Hron,R.J.,Sr.等人(1992)U.S.Patent No.5,112,637;Hron,R.J.,Sr.等人(1992)J.Am.Chem Soc.69:950)和Kuk和合作者(Kuk,M.S.,等人(1992)U.S.Patent No.5,077,441;Kuk,M.S.等人(1993)J.Am.Oil Chem Soc.70:209;Kuk,M.S.et al(1994)J Am.Oil Chem Soc.71:417)的方法。一些样品由Dr.M.C.Calhoun慷慨赠与(the TexasAgricul ture Experimental Station,Texas A & M University,SanAngelo,Texas)。
实施例2棉酚抑制内皮细胞测定
内皮细胞测定:
本测定依据修饰自Connally,等人(1986)Anal.Biochem.152:136-4的方法进行(Liang and Wong(1999)ANGIOGENESIS:FROMTHE MOLECULAR TO INTEGRATIVE PHARMACOLOGY edited byMaradoudakis,Kluwer Academic/Plenum.Publishers,New York)。
结果以及讨论:
表1.棉酚抑制内皮细胞测定
样品 | 对照组(EtOH) | 棉酚浓度:25mM | 棉酚乙酸盐 | 棉酚乙酸盐 |
1 | 0.2841 | 0.0057 | 0.0588 | 0.3065 |
2 | 0.2625 | 0.0068 | 0.2273 | 0.3035 |
3 | 0.2699 | 0.0076 | 0.3638 | 0.3269 |
4 | 0.3569 | 0.0112 | 0.4150 | 0.3289 |
5 | 0.2934 | 0.0078 | 0.2166 | 0.3165 |
抑制: | 10.5% | 97.6% | 46.2% | 21.3% |
内皮细胞培养测定的结果示于以上的表1。纯棉酚可抑制细胞生长。内皮细胞测定的结果显示在内皮细胞测定中加入棉酚可显著抑制内皮细胞的生长。在测定中,纯棉酚样本可引起内皮细胞生长的97.6%抑制率。棉酚乙酸盐,一种稳定的棉酚衍生物,也显示对样本显著的抑制,视使用浓度介于21.3至46.2%的抑制。此结果强烈显示棉酚是极有效的内皮细胞生长抑制剂。对照组仅有10%的抑制。
也进行血管生成抑制的浓度依赖研究,并展示于图1(纯棉酚)以及图2(棉酚乙酸盐)。即使在非常低的浓度下(毫莫耳分率),棉酚也是内皮细胞生长非常强烈的抑制剂。
虽然为了便于了解,前述的发明已用于一些详细的说明以及实施例加以描述,但需知本领域技术人员可对本发明加以改变以及修饰。例如对那些但需知本领域技术人员而言,本发明方法可联合一种或多种已知的抗-肿瘤、抗-血管生成剂或免疫提高治疗剂以及组合物,例如:鲨鱼软骨、酪氨酸鞘胺醇(tyrosphingosine)或鞘胺醇。因此,上述描述以及实施例不应理解为限制本发明所附权利要求限定的范围。
Claims (11)
1.棉酚或其药学上可接受的盐用于制备抑制内皮细胞生长的药物的用途。
2.棉酚或其药学上可接受的盐用于制备抑制组织血管生成作用的药物的用途。
3.(-)棉酚或其药学上可接受的盐用于制备抑制主要器官中血管生成作用的药物的用途。
4.如权利要求第3项的用途,其中主要器官选自:心脏、脾脏、及肌肉。
5.(+)棉酚或其药学上可接受的盐用于制备抑制肾脏细胞或组织中血管生成作用的药物的用途。
6.棉酚或其药学上可接受的盐用于制备治疗宿主内相关于病理性新血管生成的病症的药物的用途。
7.(-)棉酚或其药学上可接受的盐用于制备治疗在受体主要器官中相关于病理性新血管生成的病症的药物的用途。
8.(+)棉酚或其药学上可接受的盐用于制备治疗对象肾脏中相关于病理性新血管生成病症的药物的用途。
9.如权利要求第1、2、6任一项的用途,其中棉酚选自:(+)棉酚、(-)棉酚以及外消旋物。
10.如权利要求第1-8任一项的用途,其中棉酚药学上可接受的盐为棉酚乙酸盐。
11.筛选抑制新血管生成或内皮细胞生长的治疗剂的方法,其包含以下步骤:
a.将药剂与适当的体外细胞或组织样品接触;
b.将另一份适当的体外细胞或组织样品与治疗有效量的棉酚或其药学上可接受的盐接触;以及
c.比较步骤(a)与步骤(b)中样品的生长,若步骤(a)中任何药剂对生长的抑制效果与步骤(b)中样品的程度相同或相似,其即为抑制新血管生成或内皮细胞生长的治疗剂。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US25587600P | 2000-12-15 | 2000-12-15 | |
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EP (1) | EP1343487A2 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2005502579A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN100490791C (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2002230888A1 (zh) |
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US5385936A (en) | 1990-07-12 | 1995-01-31 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Department Of The Health And Human Services | Gossypol acetic acid for the treatment of cancer |
US7427689B2 (en) * | 2000-07-28 | 2008-09-23 | Georgetown University | ErbB-2 selective small molecule kinase inhibitors |
US7432304B2 (en) * | 2001-05-30 | 2008-10-07 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Small molecule antagonists of Bcl-2 family proteins |
WO2003038060A2 (en) | 2001-11-01 | 2003-05-08 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Small molecule inhibitors targeted at bcl-2 |
CN100413493C (zh) * | 2003-06-11 | 2008-08-27 | 中国科学院动物研究所 | 棉酚及其衍生物在制备治疗骨髓瘤药物中的应用 |
PT1653943E (pt) * | 2003-06-25 | 2008-05-23 | Burnham Inst | Derivados de catecol para o tratamento do cancro |
JP4390809B2 (ja) * | 2004-01-07 | 2009-12-24 | イーエルシー マネージメント エルエルシー | 発毛遅延のための化粧品組成物及び方法 |
KR20080097496A (ko) * | 2004-03-25 | 2008-11-05 | 더 리젠츠 오브 더 유니버시티 오브 미시간 | 고시폴 공결정 및 그의 용도 |
US20110091552A1 (en) * | 2007-08-31 | 2011-04-21 | Mccaffrey Tim | Use of Bcl Inhibitors for the Treatment of Scarring Caused By Cutaneous Wounds, Burns and Abrasions |
JP5406194B2 (ja) * | 2007-10-01 | 2014-02-05 | アセンタ セラピューティックス インコーポレイティッド | R−ゴシポールl−フェニルアラニノールジエナミンを調製するための方法 |
SG10201401549SA (en) | 2009-06-22 | 2014-06-27 | Cabot Microelectronics Corp | CMP Compositions And Methods For Suppressing Polysilicon Removal Rates |
CN102471474B (zh) | 2009-07-29 | 2014-06-04 | 帝人化成株式会社 | 聚碳酸酯-聚二有机硅氧烷共聚物 |
CN101810577B (zh) * | 2010-05-06 | 2011-09-07 | 山东大学 | 治疗肿瘤的棉酚静脉注射脂肪乳剂 |
CN103467538B (zh) * | 2012-05-29 | 2015-08-19 | 武汉大学 | 具有抗艾滋病毒活性的棉酚衍生物及其制备方法 |
US9750761B2 (en) * | 2014-05-21 | 2017-09-05 | University Of Rochester | LDH inhibitors as treatment for fibrosis and fibrotic-related disorders |
WO2020204161A1 (ja) * | 2019-04-04 | 2020-10-08 | 日産化学株式会社 | 細胞外小胞の分泌を促進するための組成物 |
CN110559449B (zh) * | 2019-10-22 | 2022-09-02 | 长治医学院 | 一种聚棉酚前药胶束及其制备方法 |
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CN1204510A (zh) * | 1997-07-09 | 1999-01-13 | 辛国芳 | 以棉酚或(和)其衍生物为有效成分的药栓及用途 |
US6114397A (en) * | 1990-07-12 | 2000-09-05 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health And Human Services | Gossypol for the treatment of cancer |
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US5260327A (en) * | 1985-10-02 | 1993-11-09 | Sloan-Kettering Institute For Cancer Research | Methods for inhibiting the proliferation of brain and hepatic metastases by using lonidamine |
US5026726A (en) * | 1989-12-11 | 1991-06-25 | The University Of New Mexico | Gossylic iminolactones and gossylic lactones and their anti-viral activities |
US5936120A (en) * | 1997-12-10 | 1999-08-10 | University Of New Mexico | Deoxygossylic compounds |
US5780675A (en) * | 1995-04-28 | 1998-07-14 | The University Of New Mexico | Deoxygossylic compounds |
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US6114397A (en) * | 1990-07-12 | 2000-09-05 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health And Human Services | Gossypol for the treatment of cancer |
CN1204510A (zh) * | 1997-07-09 | 1999-01-13 | 辛国芳 | 以棉酚或(和)其衍生物为有效成分的药栓及用途 |
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US20020137801A1 (en) | 2002-09-26 |
JP2005502579A (ja) | 2005-01-27 |
CN1529590A (zh) | 2004-09-15 |
WO2002047673A3 (en) | 2003-01-03 |
MY134562A (en) | 2007-12-31 |
AU2002230888A1 (en) | 2002-06-24 |
EP1343487A2 (en) | 2003-09-17 |
WO2002047673A2 (en) | 2002-06-20 |
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