CN100452960C - Strain substrate dedicated for soil covering of mushroom and application thereof - Google Patents
Strain substrate dedicated for soil covering of mushroom and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN100452960C CN100452960C CNB2006100502376A CN200610050237A CN100452960C CN 100452960 C CN100452960 C CN 100452960C CN B2006100502376 A CNB2006100502376 A CN B2006100502376A CN 200610050237 A CN200610050237 A CN 200610050237A CN 100452960 C CN100452960 C CN 100452960C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a special strain substrate of soil for covering mushrooms and application thereof, which belongs to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation. The strain substrate is composed of fermented cotton-seed hull, bran, flour, vegetable cake, organic fertilizer, magnesium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, vitamin B1, glucose, lime, gypsum, vermiculite and water; all ingredients are weighted, ground and mixed, and the pH value is regulated to 7 to 8; the ingredients inoculated with the strain of the mushrooms are fermented to form the strain substrate. The present invention is added to a soil covering layer in proportion and accelerates the growth of mycelia in the soil covering layer, with uniform distribution. Compared with other mushroom collection periods, the mushroom collection period of a first batch is 3 to 5 days earlier; the total yield of the mushrooms of all periods is enhanced by 18 to 20%, and the rate of superior mushrooms is enhanced by 5 to 7%; compared with comparative tests, the economic benefit is enhanced about 16% in economic benefit. The present invention can be popularized and applied in the cultivation and the production of the mushrooms.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the fungus growing technique field, relate in particular to the strain substrate dedicated for soil covering in the mushroom-cultivating and the application method of this matrix.
Background technology
The agaricus bisporus (Agaricus bisporus) of general commercialization cultivation is only covering soil about one deck 3.5cm above the cultivation bed of material that covers with mushroom mycelium, the mycelium of cultivating in the bed of material is progressively extended upward could begin behind the overburden layer of growing into solid; Another high temperature mushroom--be dicyclo mushroom (Agaricus bitorquis) tropical high-temperature resistant strain, though have the not characteristic of earthing formation fruit body, but also must be behind earthing, the mycelia of growing in the overburden layer could normal knot generation fruit body, could form commercial output, so the morning and evening of mycelial growth and number are very close with the mushroom yield relation in the overburden layer.During the current mushroom of China produces, because cover soil material discomfort and miscarriage, cause mushroom mycelium poor growth in the overburden layer, amount of growth is few and skewness, cause the mushroom bed solid late, ripening rate is low, phenomenon such as fruiting is not commonplace in flakes for the mushroom bed, and this is the low one of the main reasons of present China mushroom yield.Therefore, develop a kind of novel strain substrate dedicated for soil covering of mushroom, admix in the overburden layer after, send out to help in the overburden layer mycelial morning, improve mycelial amount of growth and distribution consistency degree, be one of effective way that improves the present mushroom yield of China.
In view of the above, forefathers once tested and showed (Yash and Dhar, Mushroom Research.1993.2:1,25-28.), using a certain amount of in earthing is the conventional bacterial classification of matrix with grain, be called for short grain bacterial classification (grainspawn) or cover with the composts or fertilisers of cultivating (compost spawn) of mycelia, can improve the ripening rate and the uniformity of mushroom bed, with output and the quality (volume increase 32.7%) that improves mushroom.But owing to grain bacterial classification (as producing the kernel culture that often adopts) is rich in nutrient, easily cause assorted bacterium and infect, and improper use is uneven, local excessive with mixing, easily causes over growth of hyphae in the overburden layer, influences fruiting on the contrary; And the composts or fertilisers of cultivating that covers with mycelia is as the earthing bacterial classification, the big (1.5kg/m of requirement
2), and be difficult for and overburden layer mixes, be prone to the problems referred to above equally.Therefore, developing little, the good dispersion degree of a kind of particle, can fully satisfy and insert the required nutrition of growth and arrive and do not have superfluous nutrient when using and bring strain substrate dedicated for soil covering of mushroom in the earthing into, is the key problem of the required solution of this technology.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention at above existing deficiency, provides the good dispersion degree that is used for mixing earthing in a kind of mushroom-cultivating, and contains the strain substrate dedicated for soil covering of a certain amount of nutrient; Another object of the present invention provides the supporting application method of this strain substrate dedicated for soil covering, sends out to reach in the overburden layer that bacterium is fast, mycelia scale of construction foot and being evenly distributed, and obtains the purpose of mushroom premature labor, high yield, high-quality.
The object of the invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of strain substrate dedicated for soil covering of mushroom, this strain substrate be by following component and weight percent content, through weighing, pulverizing, mix, mix thoroughly, pH value transfers to 7-8, connect mushroom ferments and form:
Fermentation cotton seed hulls 0-30% wheat bran 0-25%
Flour 0-5% dish cake 0-15%
Fertilizer 0-35% magnesium sulfate 0.01-0.1%
Phosphoric acid the second light industry bureau potassium 0.02-0.1% Cobastab
10.0005-0.001%
Glucose 0-2% lime 0.2-1%
Gypsum 0.3-1% vermiculite 0-45%
Perlite 0-30% surplus is a water.
A kind of strain substrate dedicated for soil covering of mushroom prescription of optimization, its component and weight percent content are:
Fermentation cotton seed hulls 0.93% wheat bran 2.78%
Flour 3.09% dish cake 0.62%
Fertilizer 23.18% magnesium sulfate 0.06%
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.09% Cobastab
10.0006%
Glucose 0.62% lime 0.62%
Gypsum 0.62% vermiculite 30.91%
Surplus is a water.
A kind of application method of described strain substrate dedicated for soil covering of mushroom is characterized in that carrying out as follows:
(1) inoculation of strain substrate dedicated for soil covering of mushroom and cultivation: after weighing mixes thoroughly by prescription with this matrix, the seed bottle of packing into, after sterilization, cooling, insert agaricus bisporus bacterial classification or the high temperature modification dicyclo mushroom consistent with being seeded in composts or fertilisers of cultivating, and under 23 ℃-25 ℃ or 26 ℃ of-28 ℃ of conditions, cultivate respectively, after treating that mycelia is covered with matrix, the agaricus bisporus bacterial classification continues after-ripening down in 18 ℃-20 ℃ and cultivated 5-15 days, or the high temperature mushroom bacterial classification continues after-ripening cultivation 10-15 days down in 23 ℃-25 ℃, become strain substrate dedicated for soil covering, put 4 ℃ and preserve down, standby;
(2) bacterium that sends out of composts or fertilisers of cultivating is cultivated: finish the composts or fertilisers of cultivating behind the secondary fermentation routinely, shake up and evenly be layered on the bedstead, broadcast into mushroom, send out bacterium and cultivate, cover with composts or fertilisers of cultivating until mycelia;
(3) preparation of earthing material and earthing: cover soil material adopts rice chaff fine earth or peat soil, and rice chaff fine earth water content is transferred to 20-25%, and the peat water content transfers to 65-85%, after the sterilization, again the strain substrate dedicated for soil covering of step (1) is pressed 1.5-3.5kg/m
3Consumption add and mix thoroughly after, it evenly is overlying on step (2) covers with on the cultivation charge level of mycelia, thickness is 2.5-3.5 centimetre;
(4) mushroom real estate management reason: after closing door and window early stage and evenly seeing mycelia to the soil layer surface, mend cover one deck 0.5 cm thick fine earth after, carry out management of producing mushroom.
Described agaricus bisporus kind is 2796.
Described high temperature modification dicyclo mushroom kind is a summer mushroom 93.
Beneficial effect of the present invention, the one strain substrate dedicated for soil covering of mushroom prescription that provides is reasonable, after in this matrix, inserting bacterial classification, can fully satisfy the required nutrition of bacterial classification procreation growth early stage, and the later stage noresidue that arrives nutrition more than needed, avoided this strain substrate admix behind the earthing because the living contaminants growth question that residual nutrition causes; The 2nd, behind supporting employing strain substrate product of the present invention and the application method, since in overburden layer, inserted contain a certain amount of bacterial classification and tack, dispersiveness earthing strain substrate preferably, accelerated mycelial growth in the overburden layer, the mycelial growth amount is big, be evenly distributed, first mushroom contrasts 3-5 days ahead of time picking time, and its full phase mushroom gross yield reaches 10.8kg/m respectively
2(rice chaff fine earth) and 13.5kg/m
2(peat soil) all improves 18-20% than contrast; The 3rd, owing to evenly admixed strain substrate dedicatedly in the earthing, cause that mycelium is evenly distributed in whole earthing, fruiting distributes also more even, and high-quality mushroom rate contrast improves 5-7%; The 4th, though the present invention has increased the input of part material and cost in the soil covering of mushroom cultivation, done sth. in advance picking time and improved total output and quality, so still contrast raising 16.9% (seeing test example 6) of economic benefit.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment:
Fertilizer: " Yin Shi board " fertilizer that adopts Xiaoshan, Hangzhou remittance benevolence composite organic fertilizer Co., Ltd to produce, organic 〉=30%, effective ingredient (N, P, K) 〉=4%;
Agaricus bisporus bacterial classification " 2796 ": Fujian Province, source mushroom centre for spreading;
High temperature modification dicyclo mushroom " summer mushroom 93 ": source Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science gardening research institute;
Embodiment 1:(does not connect the matrix preparation 1 before the bacterial classification)
A kind of strain substrate dedicated for soil covering of mushroom, the recipe ingredient of this matrix and the weight of each component are:
Fermentation cotton seed hulls 230Kg wheat bran 84Kg
Fertilizer 180Kg magnesium sulfate 0.75Kg
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.05Kg Cobastab
10.01Kg
Lime 7.5Kg gypsum 7.5Kg
Vermiculite 430Kg water 610Kg
With above-mentioned each component weighing, to pulverize, 20 orders sieve, and mix, and add water and fully mix thoroughly, and the pH value is to make matrix (not connecing bacterial classification as yet) behind the 7-8 (be lower than 7 as pH, transfer pH to 7-8 with lime).
Embodiment 2:(does not connect the matrix preparation 2 before the bacterial classification)
A kind of strain substrate dedicated for soil covering of mushroom, the recipe ingredient of this matrix and each components contents are:
Wheat bran 15Kg dish cake 20Kg
Flour 60Kg fertilizer 420Kg
Magnesium sulfate 1Kg acid dihydride potassium 2.0Kg
Glucose 10Kg Cobastab
10.01Kg
Lime 15Kg gypsum 15Kg
Perlite 500Kg water 570Kg
This routine preparation method is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3:(does not connect the matrix preparation 3 before the bacterial classification)
A kind of strain substrate dedicated for soil covering of mushroom, the recipe ingredient of this matrix and the weight percent content of each component are:
Fermentation cotton seed hulls 0.93% wheat bran 2.78%
Flour 3.09% dish cake 0.62%
Fertilizer 23.18% magnesium sulfate 0.06%
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.09% Cobastab
10.0006%
Glucose 0.62% lime 0.62%
Gypsum 0.62% vermiculite 30.91%
Surplus is a water.
This routine preparation method is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4:(adopts agaricus bisporus bacterial classification " 2796 ")
The application method of described strain substrate dedicated for soil covering of mushroom, carry out as follows:
(1) inoculation of strain substrate dedicated for soil covering of mushroom and cultivation: the earthing dedicated substrate that embodiment 3 is prepared, the seed bottle of packing into, after autoclaving, cooling, 750ml seed bottle routinely, the inoculum concentration of every bottle graft 50-80 bottle, insert agaricus bisporus bacterial classification " 2796 ", under 23 ℃ of-25 ℃ of conditions, cultivate, treat that mycelia is covered with strain substrate after, continuing after-ripening down in 18 ℃-20 ℃ cultivated 10 days, become strain substrate dedicated for soil covering, put 4 ℃ and preserve down, standby;
(2) bacterium that sends out of composts or fertilisers of cultivating is cultivated: filling a prescription is (every 110m
2Area under cultivation) composts or fertilisers of cultivating of dry rice straw 2500kg, urea 40kg, composite fertilizer 20kg, colza cake 200kg, gypsum 75kg, lime 30～50kg, after carrying out the fermentation of outdoor one time fermentation and indoor secondary according to a conventional method, shake up and evenly be layered on the bedstead, agaricus bisporus bacterial classification " 2796 " kernel culture is sowed in type of seeding routinely, send out bacterium and cultivate, cover with composts or fertilisers of cultivating until mycelia;
(3) preparation of earthing material and earthing: cover soil material adopts rice chaff fine earth (rice chaff and fine earth ratio are 1: 15), sterilization according to a conventional method, water content transfers to 20%-22% (hold agglomerating, land and can scatter), again the strain substrate dedicated for soil covering of step (1) is pressed 2.5kg/m
3Consumption add and mix after, it evenly is overlying on step (2) covers with on the cultivation charge level of mycelia, thickness is 2.5-3cm;
(4) mushroom real estate management reason: close door and window next day behind the earthing, preference temperature in the mushroom room is 22～25 ℃, and relative air humidity is controlled at 75-80%, to promote the overburden layer mycelial growth, after treating that mycelia can evenly be seen in the overburden layer surface, benefit is covered one deck 0.5 cm thick fine earth, looks overburden layer humidity, supplies moisture, add forced ventilation, promote mycelia kink fruiting, relative air humidity is increased to about 90%, carries out temperature, humidity, air coordinated management by the conventional management of producing mushroom method of agaricus bisporus.
Embodiment 5:(adopts high temperature modification dicyclo mushroom " summer mushroom 93 ")
(1) inoculation of strain substrate dedicated for soil covering and cultivation: the strain substrate dedicated for soil covering that embodiment 1 is prepared, after bottling, sterilization, the cooling, 750ml seed bottle routinely, the inoculum concentration of every bottle graft 50-80 bottle inserts high temperature modification dicyclo mushroom " summer mushroom 93 ", under 26 ℃ of-28 ℃ of conditions, cultivate, after treating that mycelia is covered with strain substrate, continue after-ripening down in 23 ℃-25 ℃ and cultivated 15 days, become strain substrate dedicated for soil covering, put 4 ℃ and preserve down, standby;
(2) bacterium that sends out of composts or fertilisers of cultivating is cultivated: filling a prescription is (every 110m
2Area under cultivation) composts or fertilisers of cultivating of dry rice straw 2000kg, urea 32kg, composite fertilizer 16kg, colza cake 160kg, gypsum 60kg, lime 24～40kg, after carrying out the fermentation of outdoor one time fermentation and indoor secondary according to a conventional method, shake up and evenly be layered on the bedstead, sowing " summer mushroom 93 " kernel culture according to a conventional method, send out bacterium and cultivate, cover with composts or fertilisers of cultivating until mycelia;
(3) preparation of earthing material and earthing: cover soil material adopts peat soil, preparation and sterilization according to a conventional method, and water content transfers to about 70%, again the strain substrate dedicated for soil covering of step (1) is pressed 3.5kg/m
3Consumption add and mix after, it evenly is overlying on step (2) covers with on the cultivation charge level of mycelia, thickness is 2.5-3 centimetre;
(4) mushroom real estate management reason: close door and window next day behind the earthing, preference temperature in the mushroom room is 27～32 ℃, and relative air humidity is controlled at 75-80%, to promote the overburden layer mycelial growth, treat that mycelia is after the overburden layer surface can evenly be seen, benefit is covered one deck 0.5 cm thick fine earth, looks overburden layer humidity, supplies moisture, add forced ventilation, promote mycelia kink fruiting, relative air humidity is increased to about 90%, carries out temperature, wet, gas coordinated management by the conventional management of producing mushroom method of high temperature mushroom.
Test the comparative trial of routine 6:(the inventive method and the conventional soil covering culture method of mushroom)
Test site: Pinghu City snowflake industrial park, Zhejiang Province
Test period: 2004-2005
Experimental scheme: establish three mushroom canopies and repeat, each mushroom canopy area under cultivation is 500m
2" inoculation of strain substrate dedicated for soil covering of mushroom and cultivation " in the present invention's test and " bacterium that sends out of composts or fertilisers of cultivating is cultivated " method are with embodiment 4; Cover soil material adopts peat soil; " preparation of earthing material and earthing " method is with embodiment 5; " mushroom real estate management reason " method behind the earthing is with embodiment 4; Conventional soil covering of mushroom cultivation method handle except that in overburden layer, do not add mix the strain substrate dedicated for soil covering all identical with said method.Result of the test such as following table 1:
The comparative trial of table 1 the inventive method and the conventional soil covering culture method of mushroom
| Processing method | First damp mushroom collecting time | Average yield | High-quality mushroom ratio | Economic benefit |
| Use the technology of the present invention | October 16 | 13.5kg/m 2 | 90％ | 37.8 unit/m 2 |
| Conventional soil covering culture method | October 21 | 11.25kg/m 2 | 84％ | 32.3 unit/m 2 |
Claims (2)
1, a kind of strain substrate dedicated for soil covering of mushroom is characterized in that this strain substrate by following component and weight percent content, through weighing, pulverizing, mix, mix thoroughly, the pH value transfers to 7-8, connect the mushroom fermentation forms:
Fermentation cotton seed hulls 0.93% wheat bran 2.78%
Flour 3.09% dish cake 0.62%
Fertilizer 23.18% magnesium sulfate 0.06%
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.09% Cobastab
10.0006%
Glucose 0.62% lime 0.62%
Gypsum 0.62% vermiculite 30.91%
Surplus is a water.
2, by the application method of the described strain substrate dedicated for soil covering of mushroom of claim 1, it is characterized in that carrying out as follows:
(1) inoculation of strain substrate dedicated for soil covering of mushroom and cultivation: after weighing mixes thoroughly by prescription with this matrix, the seed bottle of packing into, after sterilization, cooling, insert agaricus bisporus bacterial classification or the high temperature modification dicyclo mushroom consistent with being seeded in composts or fertilisers of cultivating, and under 23 ℃-25 ℃ or 26 ℃ of-28 ℃ of conditions, cultivate respectively, after treating that mycelia is covered with matrix, the agaricus bisporus bacterial classification continues after-ripening down in 18 ℃-20 ℃ and cultivated 5-15 days, or the high temperature mushroom bacterial classification continues after-ripening cultivation 10-15 days down in 23 ℃-25 ℃, become strain substrate dedicated for soil covering, put 4 ℃ and preserve down, standby;
(2) bacterium that sends out of composts or fertilisers of cultivating is cultivated: finish the composts or fertilisers of cultivating behind the secondary fermentation routinely, shake up and evenly be layered on the bedstead, broadcast into mushroom, send out bacterium and cultivate, cover with composts or fertilisers of cultivating until mycelia;
(3) preparation of earthing material and earthing: cover soil material adopts rice chaff fine earth or peat soil, and rice chaff fine earth water content is transferred to 20-25%, and the peat water content transfers to 65-85%, after the sterilization, again the strain substrate dedicated for soil covering of step (1) is pressed 1.5-3.5kg/m
3Consumption add and mix thoroughly after, it evenly is overlying on step (2) covers with on the cultivation charge level of mycelia, thickness is 2.5-3.5 centimetre;
(4) mushroom real estate management reason: after closing door and window early stage and evenly seeing mycelia to the soil layer surface, mend cover one deck 0.5 cm thick fine earth after, carry out management of producing mushroom.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006100502376A CN100452960C (en) | 2006-04-07 | 2006-04-07 | Strain substrate dedicated for soil covering of mushroom and application thereof |
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| CN100452960C true CN100452960C (en) | 2009-01-21 |
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| CN101302127B (en) * | 2008-06-18 | 2011-04-06 | 李志明 | Special fertilizer for M edible fungus and preparing method thereof |
| CN102417414A (en) * | 2011-08-26 | 2012-04-18 | 福建省农业科学院农业生态研究所 | Cultivation material composition for producing agaricus bisporus by using hybridized Pennisetum alopecuroides |
| CN102531779A (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2012-07-04 | 杭州市农业科学研究院 | Edible mushroom strain culture medium and preparation method for strain |
| CN103204723A (en) * | 2013-04-07 | 2013-07-17 | 邬金飞 | Mushroom cultivated species compost and preparation method thereof |
| CN103508805A (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2014-01-15 | 合肥市天丰菌业科技有限公司 | Needle mushroom cultivation material containing flour and preparation method thereof |
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| CN104844310A (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2015-08-19 | 韦双梅 | Agaricus bisporus culture compost and preparation method therefor |
| CN106718014B (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2020-09-18 | 上海市农业科学院 | Earthing soil for agaricus bisporus cultivation and preparation method thereof |
| CN107889685A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-04-10 | 孙铭岐 | A kind of greenhouse mushroom cultural method |
| CN108307929A (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2018-07-24 | 江西明佳生物科技有限公司 | A kind of production method of covering soil used for portabella |
| CN109220547A (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2019-01-18 | 濮阳市农业科学院 | A kind of cultural method shortening agaricus bisporus breeding cycle |
| CN110089342B (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2021-06-18 | 山西省农业科学院食用菌研究所 | Net cushion for covering soil of straw mushroom and preparation and use methods thereof |
| TWI722833B (en) * | 2020-03-16 | 2021-03-21 | 銥光農業科技股份有限公司 | Brazilian mushroom cultivation method |
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| CN111972237B (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2021-11-02 | 十堰市农业科学院(十堰市农业科学技术研究推广中心、丹江口库区十堰生态农业研究院) | Method for applying bacterial manure based on stropharia rugoso-annulata strains to prevention and control of soft rot of konjak |
| CN112514735A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-03-19 | 上海市农业科学院 | Method for improving growth speed, biomass and yield of agaricus bisporus hyphae |
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