CN102531779A - Edible mushroom strain culture medium and preparation method for strain - Google Patents
Edible mushroom strain culture medium and preparation method for strain Download PDFInfo
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- CN102531779A CN102531779A CN2011104519540A CN201110451954A CN102531779A CN 102531779 A CN102531779 A CN 102531779A CN 2011104519540 A CN2011104519540 A CN 2011104519540A CN 201110451954 A CN201110451954 A CN 201110451954A CN 102531779 A CN102531779 A CN 102531779A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an edible mushroom strain culture medium and a preparation method for a strain and belongs to the technical field of edible mushrooms. The edible mushroom strain culture medium is characterized by comprising the components by weight percent of 50-70% of infusorial earth, 20-30% of cottonseed hull, 3-20% of floor, 1-3% of plaster and 1-2% of lime. The preparation method of the culture medium comprises the steps of 1) weighing and fully-mixing culture medium materials according to a formula, and then spraying uniformly by tap water; 2) preparing the culture medium materials after being adsorbed with water into particles; 3) soaking the particles in the tap water for 60-90s, and then dragging the soaked particles out off the water to a state that no water drop drops; 4) sterilizing by high pressure after bottling; 5) inoculating edible mushroom mother strains to cooled culture medium to be cultured; and 6) after the inoculation, moving the culture medium with the mother strain to a strain culturing room for culturing. The invention uses the diatomite as a main component, so that hyphae can be facilitated to grow fast, the disease resistance of the strain can be enhanced, the strain yield can be more 92%, and the strain culturing time can be shortened by 7-10 days.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the edible fungus species manufacture technology field, being specifically related to a kind of is the edible fungus species culture medium and the bacterial classification making method of main preparation with zeyssatite.
Background technology
Mushroom industry is a new industry and sunrise industry.Edible fungus is nutritious with it, the characteristics of medicinal health, environmental protection, receives various countries human consumer's welcome, is recommended as one of the world's ten big heath food by international nutritionist, and market potential is huge.Mushroom industry also is more typical labour concentrated industry, does not receive the restriction of conditions such as soil property, illumination, and is with short production cycle, instant effect, and high efficiency is fit to vast rural area and manages very much.The development mushroom industry for optimizing the structure of rural undertaking, increasing farmers' income, improves the living standards of urban and rural residents, all has important practical significance.
The development to fast and stable of the mushroom industry of China in recent years, along with constantly developing of mushroom industry, vast mushroom farming constantly increases the bacterial classification demand, therefore strain quality is also had higher requirement.The used bacterial classification of Edible Fungi is meant provides breeding and the mycelium culture of classification making, is equivalent to the seed of plant, and usually said bacterial classification is meant the pure mycelium through the edible mushrooms of artificial culture and further breeding.
And the production of hybrid seeds is one of most important link in the Edible Fungi process.In the Edible Fungi process, the quality of bacterial classification directly influences output and the quality of edible mushrooms.Therefore, cultivating excellent species, is the important step that improves the Edible Fungi level.The bacterial classification of artificial culture is according to the different steps of spawn culture, can be divided into female kind, original seed and cultivar.Generally call female the kind to the pure mycelium that obtains through spore separation or separate tissue first from occurring in nature.Be transferred to the bacterial classification that cultivation forms on bottle (bag) substratum such as wood chip, wheat, cotton seed hulls, excrement grass to mother's kind and call original seed.Original seed expand receive identical or materials similar on, cultivate the bacterial classification that directly is used to produce and be called cultivar.
This shows that China is most when producing original seed and cultivar at present still is that wood chip, wheat, cotton seed hullss etc. are as solid culture matrix.When making spawn culture matrix with wood chip or cotton seed hulls through regular meeting because the bad mycelial growth that causes of water cut control is slow.Be difficult for sprouting like water cut then mycelia on the low side, water cut too Gao Zehui makes a bottle interior oxygen shortage cause mycelia material feeding downwards.Therefore can't effectively solve culture medium water cut and this contradiction of ventilation., before the bottling sterilization, need to soak wheat, and soak time length also to be decided according to temperature during with wheat as spawn culture matrix; And to make wheat suction moisture can not to break again; Complex operation and difficulty are bigger, because wheat nutrition is very abundant, not only cause living contaminants during the production of hybrid seeds easily simultaneously; And causing that easily bacterial classification is aging, storage time is short.During above culture medium cultured strain, mycelia sends out full bottle (bag) time of bacterium needs 30-40 days basically, and incubation time is also longer, produces at the bacterium bag generally will shift to an earlier date 2--3 season and began to make original seed in individual month.
The present in addition domestic liquid spawn that also begun to make; Although liquid spawn can effectively address the above problem; The strain preparation time also only needs 15-20 days, but the liquid spawn manufacturing technology requires height, and storage and transport all compare difficulty; Can't big area promote the use of, especially for vast farmers, be difficult to operation more.
Summary of the invention
To the problems referred to above that exist in the prior art; The objective of the invention is to design the technical scheme that a kind of edible fungus species culture medium and bacterial classification making method are provided; Can effectively solve water cut and this principal contradiction of ventilation in traditional spawn culture matrix; Can impel mycelia to grow fast, the bacterial classification yield rate is reached more than 92%, the spawn culture time shortens 7-10 days.
Described a kind of edible fungus species culture medium is characterized in that containing the following material of weight content: zeyssatite 50-70%, cotton seed hulls 20-30%, flour 3-20%, gypsum 1-3%, lime 1-2%.
Described a kind of edible fungus species culture medium is characterized in that: also contain wheat bran 3-10%, preferred 5-10%, more preferably 8-10%.
Described a kind of edible fungus species culture medium is characterized in that: also contain Semen Maydis powder 5-10%, preferred 8-10%.
Described a kind of edible fungus species culture medium is characterized in that diatomaceous content is 55-65%, preferred 60-62%.
Described a kind of edible fungus species culture medium, the content that it is characterized in that cotton seed hulls is 22-28%, preferred 24-26%.
Described a kind of edible fungus species culture medium, the content that it is characterized in that flour is 5-15%, preferred 8-12%.
Described a kind of edible fungus species culture medium, the content that it is characterized in that gypsum is 1.5-2.5%, preferred 1.6-2%.
Described a kind of edible fungus species culture medium, the content that it is characterized in that lime is 1.2-1.5%.
Adopt the bacterial classification making method of this edible fungus species culture medium, it is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
1) by the accurate weighing base starting material of the said prescription of claim 1 mixing, take by weighing matrix total mass 20-30% tap water and spray, stir while spraying, till prescription suction evenly;
2) base starting material after will absorbing water is processed particle, and particle diameter is 2-6mm, and length is 3-8mm;
3) the refrigerative particle is soaked 60s-90s with tap water, pick up then till no water droplet oozes, the sterilization of can bottling;
4) autoclaving is adopted in the bottling back, and sterilising temp reaches 121-135 ℃, sterilization time 2h-3h;
5) after sterilization finishes, treat that the culture medium temperature reduces to 27 ℃--can go into the parent edible fungus kind to bottle graft in that aseptic inoculation is indoor in the time of 30 ℃;
6) after inoculation is accomplished, seed bottle is moved into the spawn culture chamber cultivate, culture temperature 25-28 ℃, relative air humidity is kept 65-72%, and through the cultivation of 15-25d time, mycelia can be covered with whole seed bottle.
Adopt the bacterial classification making method of this edible fungus species culture medium, it is characterized in that:
Step 2) particle diameter is 3-5mm in, preferred 3.5-4mm; Length is 4-7mm, preferred 5-6mm;
The time of using tap water to soak in the step 3) is 65s-85s, preferred 70-80s;
Sterilising temp is 125-130 ℃ in the step 4), preferred 126-128 ℃; Sterilization time is 2.5h-2.8h;
Culture temperature is controlled at 26-27 ℃ in the step 6), and relative humidity is kept 68-70%.
Zeyssatite is to be a kind of biogenic sediment rock of master with the diatom remains, and light weight porous water-absorbing property is strong, can the weight of absorption own 1.5-4.0 times water, SiO2 content 67.0%, porosity 65%--92%, specific surface 19-65m2/g.Therefore do spawn culture matrix with zeyssatite and conveniently have huge advantage in suction water holding, ventilation.Because SiO2 content is high in the zeyssatite; Hypha of edible fungus makes the cell silicidize after absorbing silicon ion wherein, and forming layer of silica gel is that the pathogenic bacteria invasion is provided with barrier, plays the effect of protection mycelia; Thereby the disease resistance of bacterial classification is enhanced, helps improving the bacterial classification yield rate.Matrix such as traditional cotton seed hulls, wood chip, wheat must be done when producing bacterial classification at present and join at present; And the present invention develops formation is that main particle culture medium can store with zeyssatite; Drain (bag) sterilization of just can bottling after when producing bacterial classification, being soaked in water, use very convenient.
Above-mentioned a kind of edible fungus species culture medium and bacterial classification making method, its culture medium are staple with zeyssatite, conveniently have huge advantage in suction water holding, ventilation, can impel mycelia to grow fast, and the disease resistance of bacterial classification is enhanced.Its making method is simple, convenient, and the bacterial classification yield rate reaches more than 92%, and the spawn culture time shortens 7-10 days, is applicable to the cultivation of edible mushroomss such as Pleurotus geesteranus, Ji mushroom, mushroom.Method of use is easy-to-understand, and popularizing application prospect is very wide.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the present invention is described further.
Prescription 01: zeyssatite 60%, cotton seed hulls 20, flour 8%, wheat bran 10%, gypsum 1%, lime 1%;
Prescription 02: zeyssatite 60%, cotton seed hulls 20, flour 8%, Semen Maydis powder 10%, gypsum 1%, lime 1%;
Prescription 03: zeyssatite 60%, cotton seed hulls 20, flour 8%, wheat bran 5%, Semen Maydis powder 5%, gypsum 1%, lime 1%;
Prescription 04: zeyssatite 60%, cotton seed hulls 30%, flour 8%, wheat bran 10%, gypsum 1%, lime 1%;
Prescription 05: zeyssatite 60%, cotton seed hulls 30%, flour 8%, Semen Maydis powder 10%, gypsum 1%, lime 1%; Prescription 06: zeyssatite 50%, cotton seed hulls 20%, flour 20%, Semen Maydis powder 5%, gypsum 3%, lime 2%.
Prescription 07: zeyssatite 60%, cotton seed hulls 25%, flour 10%, gypsum 2.5%, lime 2.5%.
Prescription 08: zeyssatite 65%, cotton seed hulls 28%, flour 5%, gypsum 1%, lime 1%.
Prescription 09: zeyssatite 65%, cotton seed hulls 26%, flour 5%, gypsum 2%, lime 2%.
Prescription 10: zeyssatite 70%, cotton seed hulls 22%, flour 3%, wheat bran 3%, gypsum 1%, lime 1%.
Edible fungus species culture medium of the present invention is to be main solid particulate culture medium with zeyssatite, according to different edible fungus varieties its system component needs is carried out certain adjustment.Above-mentioned prescription all is applicable to pleurotus edible fungus culture of strains such as Pleurotus geesteranus, Ji mushroom.Prescription 4-5 is applicable to the cultivation of mushroom strain.
Adopt the bacterial classification making method of above-mentioned edible fungus species culture medium, it is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
When 1) making, mix, stir according to the accurate weighing of the said prescription of claim 1; Total mass according to prescription takes by weighing 20% tap water then; Tap water adopts atomizers spray in the prescription that stirs, and stirs while spraying, till prescription suction evenly;
2) use tablets press to make it to form cylindrical small-particle of uniform size the base starting material that stirs behind the above-mentioned water spray, particle diameter is 4mm, and length is 5mm; Water cut was on the low side when spawn culture matrix was made in sterilization because the particle of processing is directly bottled, and therefore before the bottling sterilization, let particle absorb suff water earlier;
3) the refrigerative particle is soaked 80s with tap water, pick up then and dry, till no water droplet oozes, the sterilization of can bottling; Also can be contained in the bacterium bag, original seed bottle specification is the vial of 750ml, and bag is the polypropylene plastics pocket of 15cm * 30cm;
4) autoclaving is in time adopted in the bottling back, and sterilising temp reaches 121 ℃, sterilization time 2h--3h;
5) after sterilization finishes, can go into the parent edible fungus kind to bottle graft in that aseptic inoculation is indoor when treating that the culture medium temperature is reduced to 28 ℃;
6) after inoculation is accomplished, seed bottle is moved into the spawn culture chamber cultivate, culturing room's culture temperature is controlled at 25-28 ℃, and culturing room's relative air humidity keeps 70%, and through the cultivation of 20d time, mycelia can be covered with whole seed bottle.
Above-mentioned steps 1) tap water is 20% or 30% of the prescription total mass in;
Step 2) particle diameter is 3 mm, 3.5 mm, 4 mm or 5mm in; Length is 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm or 7mm;
The time of using tap water to soak in the step 3) is 60s, 70s, 75s or 90s, preferred 70-80s;
Sterilising temp is 121 ℃, 126 ℃, 130 ℃ in the step 4), and sterilization time is 2h, 2.2 h, 2.6 h or 3 h;
Culture temperature is controlled at 26 ℃, 27 ℃ or 28 ℃ in the step 6), and relative humidity keeps 65% or 70%; Other also can obtain beneficial effect of the present invention with identical with above-mentioned process step.
If the particle of producing through granulator directly is not used for bacterial classification production, can particle be dried or dry, when the particle water cut is stored after below 15%, to store environment and want dry shady and cool, storage time was advisable with interior at 3 months.Soak back bottling sterilization with tap water when waiting to make bacterial classification and get final product, use very convenient.
Claims (10)
1. edible fungus species culture medium is characterized in that containing the following material of weight content: zeyssatite 50-70%, cotton seed hulls 20-30%, flour 3-20%, gypsum 1-3%, lime 1-2%.
2. a kind of edible fungus species culture medium as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: also contain wheat bran 3-10%, preferred 5-10%, more preferably 8-10%.
3. a kind of edible fungus species culture medium as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: also contain Semen Maydis powder 5-10%, preferred 8-10%.
4. a kind of edible fungus species culture medium as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that diatomaceous content is 55-65%, preferred 60-62%.
5. a kind of edible fungus species culture medium as claimed in claim 1, the content that it is characterized in that cotton seed hulls is 22-28%, preferred 24-26%.
6. a kind of edible fungus species culture medium as claimed in claim 1, the content that it is characterized in that flour is 5-15%, preferred 8-12%.
7. a kind of edible fungus species culture medium as claimed in claim 1, the content that it is characterized in that gypsum is 1.5-2.5%, preferred 1.6-2%.
8. a kind of edible fungus species culture medium as claimed in claim 1, the content that it is characterized in that lime is 1.2-1.5%.
9. adopt the bacterial classification making method of the described a kind of edible fungus species culture medium of claim 1, it is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
1) by the accurate weighing base starting material of the said prescription of claim 1 mixing, take by weighing matrix total mass 20-30% tap water and spray, stir while spraying, till prescription suction evenly;
2) base starting material after will absorbing water is processed particle, and particle diameter is 2-6mm, and length is 3-8mm;
3) the refrigerative particle is soaked 60s-90s with tap water, pick up then till no water droplet oozes, the sterilization of can bottling;
4) autoclaving is adopted in the bottling back, and sterilising temp reaches 121-135 ℃, sterilization time 2h-3h;
5) after sterilization finishes, treat that the culture medium temperature reduces to 27 ℃--can go into the parent edible fungus kind to bottle graft in that aseptic inoculation is indoor in the time of 30 ℃;
6) after inoculation is accomplished, seed bottle is moved into the spawn culture chamber cultivate, culture temperature 25-28 ℃, relative air humidity is kept 65-72%, and through the cultivation of 15-25d time, mycelia can be covered with whole seed bottle.
10. the bacterial classification making method of the described a kind of edible fungus species culture medium of employing claim 1 as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
Step 2) particle diameter is 3-5mm in, preferred 3.5-4mm; Length is 4-7mm, preferred 5-6mm;
The time of using tap water to soak in the step 3) is 65s-85s, preferred 70-80s;
Sterilising temp is 125-130 ℃ in the step 4), preferred 126-128 ℃; Sterilization time is 2.5h-2.8h;
Culture temperature is controlled at 26-27 ℃ in the step 6), and relative humidity is kept 68-70%.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN103387462A (en) * | 2013-07-21 | 2013-11-13 | 邬金飞 | Pleurotus cornucopiae stock culture compatible product and preparation method of culture |
| CN103404370A (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2013-11-27 | 西南科技大学 | Method for cultivating edible mushroom strains by using lava |
| CN107236672A (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2017-10-10 | 贵州省德均农特产品开发有限公司 | Breed breeding method of the rhizoma Gastrodiae with halimasch |
| CN108315261A (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2018-07-24 | 四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of edible mushroom storage medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN109258307A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-01-25 | 遵义周星星菌业有限公司 | A kind of biological reinforced technique of edible fungus species |
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| CN101627699A (en) * | 2009-08-04 | 2010-01-20 | 郑州大学 | Method for planting edible fungi and producing artificial grass peat by using cabo |
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| JP2000300067A (en) * | 1999-04-26 | 2000-10-31 | Koosei:Kk | Culture of mushroom and culture bottle used therefore |
| CN1826862A (en) * | 2006-04-07 | 2006-09-06 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Strain substrate dedicated for soil covering of mushroom and application thereof |
| CN101391926A (en) * | 2008-10-28 | 2009-03-25 | 山东省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Method for preparing chicken leg mushroom cultivation medium by fermentation and sterilization two in one technique |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103387462A (en) * | 2013-07-21 | 2013-11-13 | 邬金飞 | Pleurotus cornucopiae stock culture compatible product and preparation method of culture |
| CN103404370A (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2013-11-27 | 西南科技大学 | Method for cultivating edible mushroom strains by using lava |
| CN103404370B (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2016-01-20 | 西南科技大学 | The method of edible fungus species is cultivated with pelelith |
| CN107236672A (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2017-10-10 | 贵州省德均农特产品开发有限公司 | Breed breeding method of the rhizoma Gastrodiae with halimasch |
| CN107236672B (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2019-12-17 | 安徽盛海堂中药饮片有限公司 | Cultivation method of Armillaria mellea for breeding rhizoma gastrodiae |
| CN108315261A (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2018-07-24 | 四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of edible mushroom storage medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN109258307A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-01-25 | 遵义周星星菌业有限公司 | A kind of biological reinforced technique of edible fungus species |
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Application publication date: 20120704 |