JP2000300067A - Culture of mushroom and culture bottle used therefore - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for efficiently culturing a mushroom without attaching a hard tip. SOLUTION: A culture base is formulated with a nutrient and adjusted to a proper water content to give a culture medium, which is packed into a culture bottle 40. A spawn is inoculated into the culture medium and a mycelium is sufficiently spread in the culture medium under a fixed culture condition. In a state in which an open diameter gradually enlarging upward from a bottle mouth 40a sets a collar part 42 formed in a dish shape having the approximately same dimension as the barrel part of the culture bottle 40 on the bottle mouth 40a of the culture bottle, a fruit body is grown from the culture medium under a fixed growth condition. A mushroom is harvested at a point of time when the fruit body grows in a stock state in the whole inside of the collar part 42 from the bottle mouth 40a.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for cultivating mushrooms such as enoki mushrooms and a cultivation bottle used for the same, and more particularly, to a suitable method for cultivating mushrooms provided without attaching stones and cultivation used for the same. About the bottle.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In artificial cultivation of enoki mushrooms using cultivation bottles, fruit bodies are stretched in bundles from the bottle mouths of cultivation bottles, and harvested mushrooms are weighed with stones, wrapped, and provided to consumers. Is done. In order to elongate the mushrooms in a bundle from the mouth of the cultivation bottle, in the growing step, paper is wound around the mouth of the bottle in a cylindrical shape, and the fruiting body is elongated so as to grow densely inside the paper wound in the cylindrical shape. In the artificial cultivation of such enoki mushrooms, a step of filling a culture bottle with a culture medium, a step of sterilizing the culture medium, a step of inoculating a seed fungus, a culture step of culturing mycelia in the culture medium, and partially removing the surface of the culture medium It is cultivated in each cultivation process such as a bacteria scraping process, a sprouting process, a control process, and a growing process.

[0003]

As described above, in the conventional cultivation of enoki mushrooms, fruit bodies are stretched in bundles from cultivation bottles and provided with stones. It is said that packaging with a stone is used to maintain the freshness of the enoki mushroom. However, when cooking, it is used after removing stones, so if there is no problem in keeping freshness etc., it is more efficient to provide to consumers without stones,
Cooking is easy. Currently, after harvesting mushrooms by the advancement of distribution mechanism, it is provided to consumers all day long,
It is not a problem to provide enoki mushrooms without stones because the refrigerator is fully equipped. After harvesting, it is delivered to consumers while it is fresh, and if mushrooms can be used as is, consumption can be further expanded.

The present invention has been made in view of conventional methods for cultivating enoki mushrooms and utilizing enoki mushrooms, and provides an efficient method for cultivating mushrooms such as enoki mushrooms provided without attaching stones. It is an object of the present invention to provide a cultivation bottle that can be suitably used in a method for cultivating mushrooms, thereby expanding the use and consumption of enoki mushrooms.

[0005]

To achieve the above object, the present invention comprises the following arrangement. In other words, after filling the culture bottle with a culture medium mixed with a culture base and nutrients and adjusted for water content, the culture medium is inoculated with a seed bacterium, filled with mycelium in the culture medium under predetermined culture conditions, and upward from the bottle mouth. In a state in which a collar portion formed into a dish-shaped plate having a diameter approximately the same as that of the body portion of the cultivation bottle is provided at the mouth of the cultivation bottle, the fruit body is grown from the culture medium under predetermined growth conditions. The fruiting body is harvested when the fruiting body grows from the bottle mouth to the whole inside of the brim portion in a stock form. In addition, mushrooms grown and harvested in the form of a stock are cut at the root of the stem to remove stones, separated, sealed and packaged in a predetermined amount.

A cultivation bottle used in the mushroom cultivation method, wherein the diameter is gradually increased upward from the mouth of the bottle, and a collar portion formed in a dish shape having an opening diameter substantially equal to the body of the cultivation bottle. Is provided. Providing the collar portion with the diameter expanding upward in the bottle mouth allows the fruiting body to grow widely from the bottle mouth, thereby increasing the harvest area and increasing the yield per bottle. Moreover, since the said collar part is formed in the bottle mouth so that attachment or detachment is possible, it can attach and detach a collar part suitably and can grow.

[0007]

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a process of cultivating enoki mushrooms as one embodiment of a method for cultivating mushrooms according to the present invention. Numeral 10 is a step of mixing a medium substrate and a nutrient material for preparing a culture medium in the preparation step. A sawdust, corn cob or crushed cardboard is used as a base material of the culture medium, and rice bran, bran, okara (tofu cake) and the like are used as nutrients. The mixing ratio between the culture substrate and the nutrient is approximately (culture substrate) 3: (nutrient) 1 in volume ratio. It should be noted that seaweeds, squeezed residue of tengusa, and the like may be added as additives.

Next, the medium base and the nutrient are stirred using a mixer, and water is adjusted to a predetermined water content. The water addition step 12 and the stirring step 14 are steps of mixing a culture substrate, a nutrient material, and, if necessary, an additive to adjust to a predetermined water content. The culture medium is adjusted to have a water content of about 65 to 70%. Next, the culture medium whose water content has been adjusted is bottled (bottling step 1).
6). In the bottling step, the culture medium is filled using a piston-type or vibration-type stuffing machine. Next, one or more inoculation holes are provided from the surface of the culture medium to the bottom of the bottle using a punch.

[0009] The method for cultivating mushrooms according to the present invention is characterized in that mushrooms without stones are provided. Therefore, a cultivation bottle is used that is suitable for such mushroom cultivation. FIG. 2 shows a front view of a cultivation bottle 40 used for cultivating the enoki mushrooms of the present embodiment. The characteristic configuration of the cultivation bottle of the present embodiment is that a collar portion 42 is provided in the neck portion 40a of the cultivation bottle, the opening diameter of which is substantially the same as that of the trunk portion 40b of the cultivation bottle 40, and which is a dish-shaped and increases in diameter. That is, the volume of the cultivation bottle 40 is reduced to about 60% of the volume of the conventional cultivation bottle.

The reason why the flange portion 42 whose diameter is increased at the upper portion is provided is to increase the yield of the enoki mushroom as much as possible.
When cultivating enoki mushrooms without stones, it is not necessary to elongate the fruiting bodies as in the prior art, but it is sufficient to elongate them to a certain length. Instead, the yield cannot be increased by elongating the fruiting body, so that the space where the fruiting body grows is widened, thereby increasing the yield. The fact that it is not necessary to extend the fruiting body for a long time means that the amount of the culture medium can be reduced, and therefore, the internal volume of the cultivation bottle can be greatly reduced as compared with the related art.

Conventional cultivation bottles used for producing enoki mushrooms have a bottle diameter of about 65 to 80 mm and an internal volume of 800 to 1.
It is about 000cc. All of these cultivation bottles grow mushrooms so that they grow densely in a tubular wrapping paper wound around the mouth of the bottle. On the contrary,
The cultivation bottle used in this embodiment has a bottle diameter of about 65 mm,
The opening diameter of the collar 42 is 95 mm, the height A of the collar 42 is 35 to 40 mm, the outer diameter of the body 40b is 95 mm, and the inner volume is about 500 cc. Compared to conventional cultivation bottles, they are smaller and have a wide open mouth.

The cultivation bottle may be formed by forming the collar 42 integrally with the main body of the cultivation bottle by resin molding, or by forming the main body of the cultivation bottle and the collar 42 separately. The collar 42 may be detachably attached to the bottle opening 40a. FIG. 3 shows an example in which the cultivation bottle 40 and the brim portion 42 are formed separately. In this case, a cap 44 formed separately is attached to the bottle mouth of the cultivation bottle 40 to perform sterilization, culture, and the like. The one in which the cultivation bottle 40 and the brim portion 42 are formed separately has an advantage that the cap used in the cultivation process using the conventional cultivation bottle can be used as it is. In the case of a cultivation bottle in which the collar portion 42 is formed integrally with the cultivation bottle, a cap is placed over the opening of the collar portion 42 before proceeding to the sterilization step.

The cultivation bottles are stored in a predetermined number of trays to perform necessary operations such as transportation. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the collar 42 is formed to have substantially the same diameter as the body 40 b of the cultivation bottle 40 because it is aligned with the tray so that the cultivation bottle 40 can be stored. This is to prevent adjacent cultivation bottles from interfering with each other when stored. In the sterilization step 18, the cultivation bottle 40 packed with a culture medium and sealed with a cap is stored in a tray, stored in a high-pressure pot or a normal-pressure pot, and sterilized by heating.

After the disinfection step 18, the inoculum is inoculated (inoculation step 19). In the inoculum inoculation step, the inoculum is dropped into the cultivation bottle from the bottle mouth, and the inoculum is inoculated on the surface of the culture medium and in the inoculation hole. There are various types of inoculum, such as white. The culturing step 20 is a step in which the cultivation bottle after inoculating the inoculum is transferred to a culturing room, a predetermined period of time is passed under predetermined culturing conditions, and the mycelium is cultured in the culture medium. The culture conditions of this embodiment are room temperature of 14 to 18 ° C., humidity of 70 to 90%, and carbon dioxide concentration of 300 to 3000 ppm. Culture for about 13 to 18 days in a culture room.

After the cultivation, the bacteria are scraped by a flat scraping or scraping method using a scraper (bacteria scraping step 21).
The bacteria scraping step is a step of scraping and removing the surface of the culture medium at the bottle mouth using a bacteria scraping blade. Next, it is moved to a sprouting room and sprouted from the surface of the culture medium under conditions of room temperature of 11 to 16 ° C, humidity of 80 to 100%, and carbon dioxide concentration of 500 to 3000 ppm (sprouting step 22). The sprouting is performed with the cap removed. In the conventional method for cultivating enoki mushrooms, sprout is wound around the bottle mouth of the cultivation bottle in the form of a tube at the time of sprouting. However, in the present cultivation method, the cap is removed, and the sprout portion 42 is connected to the bottle mouth to sprout. In the case where the collar 42 is provided separately from the cultivation bottle, the collar 42 is attached to the bottle mouth at this time. It takes about 10 days to sprout.

After sprouting, the process proceeds to the early growth stage step 23 in which leveling and suppression are performed. Temperature 7-12 ° C, Humidity 8
It is allowed to elapse for about 3 to 5 days under the conditions of 0 to 95% and a carbon dioxide concentration of 1000 to 3000 ppm. In the suppression step, the temperature is 3 to 7 ° C, the humidity is 70 to 90 ° C, and the carbon dioxide concentration is 500 to
Approximately 3 to 5 days at 3000 ppm. In the suppression step, those that sprout quickly are suppressed by irradiating light or blowing air, so that sprouting is uniform as a whole.

After the leveling and controlling steps, the late growth step 2
Move to 4. In the late growth process, the temperature is 3-7 ° C and the humidity is 70-
It is maintained for about 3 to 5 days under the conditions of 90% and a carbon dioxide concentration of 500 to 3000 ppm. As a result, the fruiting bodies gradually elongate from the surface of the culture medium of the cultivation bottle, and are brought into a harvestable state. The period from inoculation of the inoculum to the harvestable state is about 32 to 45 days. FIG. 4 shows a state in which the mushrooms in the late growth stage 24 are in a harvestable state. The harvested state is a state in which the mushroom fruit body has been extended above the brim portion 42 of the cultivation bottle 40. Although the opening diameter of the brim portion 42 is set to be considerably larger than that of the bottle mouth, the fruit body spreads from the bottle mouth and grows densely inside the brim portion 42.

The mushrooms are harvested by a method of separating mushrooms from the culture medium by air injection using an air nozzle, or by a manual operation. FIG. 5 shows the condition of the harvested mushroom strain. Unlike conventional Enoki mushroom cultivation methods, the fruiting body is obtained as a strain that is short and spread horizontally. The fruiting body has a length of about 3 to 10 cm and an umbrella diameter of about 0.5 to 12 mm. The cultivation method according to the present embodiment is characterized in that the stones of the harvested mushrooms are removed and the process proceeds to the packaging step. The cutting step 26 is a step of cutting and removing a portion with a stone from the mushroom stock. The cut position at which the mushroom strain is cut is indicated by a broken line B in FIG. Stone 46 is removed by cutting across the root of the stem. The fruiting body may be cut with a rotary blade or the like.

After cutting the stem, the fruiting body is loosened, and the weighing and packaging work proceeds. In order to remove foreign substances mixed in the mushrooms before packaging, the divided mushrooms are sequentially transferred on a belt conveyor, and the foreign substances are removed during the transfer. In the weighing process, 50 grams, 100 grams, 150 grams, 20 grams
It is weighed with a weighing machine in accordance with a packaging unit such as 0 g or 500 g, and the measured unit is transferred to a packaging machine. The packaging method may be an appropriate hermetic packaging method such as pillow packaging and deep-press packaging. The package is sealed with a deoxidizing material for keeping freshness. The package is passed through a metal detector to check for foreign substances and impurities.

[0020] Thus, the present invention is provided as enoki mushrooms which are hermetically sealed without stones. Since it does not have a stone, it can be used as it is without cutting the stem when used, and can be used very easily as a cooking ingredient. Further, since there is no portion to be removed when cooking, there is no waste and the amount of waste can be reduced.

The purpose of the present cultivation method is to provide stems without cutting and adding stones, so that it is not necessary to elongate the fruiting bodies as in the prior art. Therefore, the cultivation period and the growing period can be shortened as compared with the conventional method of cultivating the fruiting body by elongating the fruiting body, whereby the cultivation efficiency can be increased.
Also, since there is no need to extend the fruiting body for a long time, the cultivation bottle 4
The capacity of 0 can be smaller than the capacity of a conventional cultivation bottle. Thus, the amount of the culture medium can be reduced, and the culture medium can be used efficiently. Further, since the height of the cultivation bottle can be reduced, there is an advantage that the space for cultivation shelves and the like can be saved.

The method of cultivating the cultivation bottle by providing the mouth of the cultivation bottle with a wide-mouthed brim portion can be used in the usual cultivation method of wrapping a wrapping paper in a tubular shape. FIG. 6 shows the brim 4
2 shows an example in which a tubular body 50 is attached to a bottle mouth of a cultivation bottle 40 provided with a culturing bottle 2. The cylinder 50 functions similarly to the wrapping paper, and is used to extend the fruit body of the mushroom that has been extended from the culture medium straight inside the cylinder 50. In the illustrated example, a ring body made of resin having different diameters is extended in three stages and formed into a tubular shape.
Abuts and supports the lower end edge. When cultivation is performed using the cultivation bottle 40 provided with the brim portion 42 at the bottle mouth, there is an advantage that the area where the fruiting body grows and can be harvested is enlarged, and the yield can be increased. Instead of using the resin cylinder 50, it is also possible to use a conventional wrapping paper wound around a bottle mouth in a tubular shape.

In the above-described embodiment, the cultivation method has been described by taking enoki mushrooms as an example. However, the mushroom cultivation method according to the present invention is not limited to enoki mushrooms, and the same applies to mushrooms whose stems are elongated by growing relatively long. It is possible to apply. For example, in the case of perilla mushrooms and the like, it is possible to provide them without growing stones by cutting the roots of the stems after growing them into a strain by a similar cultivation method.

[0024]

According to the method for cultivating mushrooms according to the present invention, as described above, the collar is provided at the bottle mouth to grow the fruiting body, so that the mushroom growing from the bottle mouth is
The mushrooms can be efficiently produced by growing densely on the entire inner side of the brim and expanding the harvest area. Especially when cutting mushroom stalks and providing them without stones, it is not necessary to lengthen the mushroom stalks, so expanding the harvest area is extremely efficient for such mushroom cultivation. . The cultivation bottle provided with a brim portion at the bottle mouth can be suitably used for mushroom cultivation provided by cutting a mushroom stem.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing steps of a method for cultivating enoki mushrooms according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front view of a cultivation bottle used in the method for cultivating enoki mushrooms according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing another configuration example of a cultivation bottle.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which mushrooms in a cultivation bottle have grown to a harvested state.

FIG. 5 is a front view showing a state in which mushrooms that have grown into a stock are harvested.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing another cultivation method using a cultivation bottle provided with a brim portion.

[Explanation of symbols]

 40 Cultivation bottle 40a Neck 40b Trunk 42 Collar 44 Cap 46 With stone

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A cultivation bottle is filled with a culture medium mixed with a culture base material and nutrient material and adjusted for water content. Then, the culture medium is inoculated with a seed bacterium, and the culture medium is filled with mycelium under predetermined culture conditions. From the culture medium under predetermined growth conditions, with the collar portion gradually expanding upward from the cultivation bottle with the collar formed in a dish-like shape having the same opening diameter as the body of the cultivation bottle in the shape of a dish, and provided at the mouth of the cultivation bottle. Mushrooms are harvested when the fruiting bodies have grown from the bottle mouth to the entire inside of the brim portion in the form of a plant. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mushrooms grown and harvested in the form of a stock are cut at the base of the stem, stones are removed, the stem is sealed, and a predetermined amount is sealed and packaged. Mushroom cultivation method. 3. A cultivation bottle used in the method for cultivating a mushroom according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the diameter of the dish is gradually increased upward from the bottle mouth, and the opening diameter is substantially the same as the body of the cultivation bottle. A cultivation bottle used for cultivation of mushrooms, characterized by having a brim portion formed in a shape. 4. The cultivation bottle according to claim 3, wherein the collar portion is formed so as to be detachable from a bottle mouth.