JP4399157B2

JP4399157B2 - Artificial cultivation method of prolot planch

Info

Publication number: JP4399157B2
Application number: JP2002378014A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 良信北島
Original assignee: 農事組合法人ネオプランツ
Priority date: 2002-12-26
Filing date: 2002-12-26
Publication date: 2010-01-13
Anticipated expiration: 2022-12-26
Also published as: JP2004201645A

Description

【０００１】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、プロロットプランシュを人工的に栽培するための人工栽培方法に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来技術と問題点】
従来、ブナシメジをはじめとしてエリンギやマイタケそしてエノキ等のキノコが人工的に栽培されており、そして、今日ではその栽培技術は確立されている。
その栽培方法は、主にポリプロピレン等の培養瓶を用いて行われており、オガ／米糠／フスマ／水を適当に加えてそれをミキサーで攪拌して培養基を作り、その培養基を培養瓶に詰め、その培養基に種菌の植付け用の穴を開け、その培養瓶を蒸気殺菌釜に入れて瓶内の培養基を殺菌し、培養基に種菌を植付けそれを培養室で培養して菌糸を培養基に蔓延させ、瓶口内の死滅菌層を除去（菌掻）し、子実体を発生させると共に育成室で成長させて栽培している。
しかるに、中国では、「白霊茸」といわれ、わが国では、プロロットプランシュとして通用している、学名を「プレウロツスネブロデンシス (インゼンガ)クエレ（Pleurotus nebrodensis (Inzenga) Quel）」とするキノコについても上述の人工栽培方法が試されているのであるが、子実体の収穫量がなかなか安定しないため業として人工栽培をするまでには至っていない。
本明細書では、プレウロツスネブロデンシス (インゼンガ) クエレ（Pleurotus nebrodensis (Inzenga) Quel）を、その通称であるプロロットプランシュとして説明する。
【０００３】
【目的】
本発明は上述した問題点に鑑みてなされたもので、子実体を安定して収穫することができるプロロットプランシュの人工栽培方法を提供することを目的とするものである。
【０００４】
本発明の要旨とするところは、適宜に調整した培養基を容器に詰め、その培養基にプロロットプランシュの種菌を接種し且つ培養して菌糸を培養基内に蔓延させ、その後に子実体を発生させ且つ育成するプロロットプランシュの人工栽培方法であって、栽培室内の温度を２０℃前後、湿度を約７０％で維持しながら４０日程度培養し、次に栽培室内の温度を１０℃前後、湿度を約７０％で１０日程度維持した後、室温を１０℃前後から３０℃前後に急激に上昇させて室温３０℃前後、湿度を約７０％に調整した環境下に１０日程度おいて菌糸を完熟させ、次に、栽培室内の温度を−１℃前後、湿度を約８０％にして数日間低温刺激を加え、その後、栽培室内の湿度を約８０％のまま、室温を−１℃前後から５℃前後に上昇させて７日程度維持したのち菌掻を行い、そして、室温を５℃前後から１８℃前後に上昇させ、且つ湿度も約８０％から約９５％に上昇させて子実体を発生させ、前記発生の際、二酸化炭素濃度を４００ｐｐｍから２０００ｐｐｍに上昇させるとともに、青色蛍光ランプの光度を１００Ｌｘから４００Ｌｘに上昇させることを特徴とするプロロットプランシュの人工栽培方法である。
【０００６】
本発明のプロロットプランシュの人工栽培方法を説明すると、培養基とは、キノコを栽培するときに用いられる土壌であり、それは米糠やオガクズ等を原料にしてそれに水分を加えて調整されており、また、菌糸活性剤等も混合される場合もある。その培養基の原料等も特に限定するものではなく、プロロットプランシュの栽培に適する原料であれば何でもよい。
【０００７】
そして、培養基は適宜の容器に詰めればよく、普通その容器は上方に開口を有する瓶形の容器や袋状の容器が用いられる。すなわち、瓶形の容器は培養瓶と呼ばれ、また、袋状の容器は培養袋と呼ばれている。
その容器も特に限定するものではなく、プロロットプランシュを栽培可能な容器であれば、その形状や素材等も何でもよく適当なものを用いればよい。
【０００８】
そして、プロロットプランシュの種菌の接種においては、培養基を詰めた容器のほぼ中央に適宜の穴を開け、その容器を蒸気殺菌釜等の殺菌手段によって殺菌し、その後、培養基の温度を２０℃程度まで冷却してから種菌を接種するのが望ましい。また、穴の深さも特に限定するものではないが、菌回りの促進を考慮すると、容器の底部付近に達するまでの深さに開けるのがよい。
【０００９】
そして、プロロットプランシュの種菌を接種した後、培養室で培養して菌糸を培養基内に蔓延させるが、その際、所定の湿度を維持しながら、栽培室内の温度を、ほぼ４０日間の培養前期に維持していた栽培室内の温度を、ほぼ２０日間の培養後期において一旦低下させてから上昇させ、その後に急激に上昇させるのがよい。
湿度は約７０％が望ましく、また、培養後期において一旦低下させる際の温度を１０℃前後とし、その後上昇させる温度を３０℃前後とするのが望ましい。
ここで、１０℃前後とは、１０℃を境にして＋／−４℃程度の範囲を指すものであり、この場合、６℃〜１４℃の範囲である。以後の説明の中の記述もこの範囲を示すものであって、他の温度の記載に「前後」と付したものは同様に＋／−４℃程度の範囲を含むものとしてある。
【００１０】
その温度変化に際し特に有効な方法としては、培養室内における培養前期の室温を２０℃前後に維持し、培養後期の室温を１０℃前後から３０℃前後に上昇させるようにするのが望ましい。培養前期の期間としては４０日程度が望ましく、培養後期の期間としては２０日程度が望ましい。
そして、培養後期における室温の上昇タイミングにおいては、１０℃前後の室温を１０日程度維持した後、急激に３０℃前後に上昇させるのがよく、さらに、その状態を１０日程度維持するのがよい。
温度を変化させる場合、温度変化が感じられるように行えばよいが、望ましくは、温度変化が急激に感じられるように変化させるのがよい。その変化は段階的にまたは一気に変化させてもよい。
【００１１】
そして、菌糸が培養基内に蔓延した後、子実体を発生させ且つ育成するが、その際、少なくとも栽培室内の温度をほぼ１０日間の発生前期で低温に維持すると共にほぼ１０日間の発生後期でその温度を上昇させ、また、湿度もその温度上昇にほぼ合わせて上昇させるのが望ましい。
発生前期で低温に維持した栽培室内の温度を−１℃前後とし、発生後期で上昇させた栽培室内の温度を１８℃前後とするのが望ましい。その温度変化に際し特に有効な方法としては、発生前期の中と発生後期の中の２段階で変化させるのがよく、発生前期の中では−１℃前後から５℃前後に上昇させて維持し、発生後期の中では５℃前後から１８℃前後に上昇させて維持するのが望ましい。
【００１２】
また、湿度は約８０％に維持し、その状態から約９５％に上昇させて維持するのが望ましい。
温度の変化は、菌糸に低温刺激を与えるため、−１℃前後の状態を数日続けてから−１℃前後から５℃前後に上昇させ７日程度維持し、その後、５℃前後から１８℃前後に上昇させて育成させるのがよい。低温を維持する期間は菌糸の状態によって適宜に変えてもよい。
温度を変化させる場合、温度変化が感じられるように行えばよいが、望ましくは、温度変化が急激に感じられるように変化させるのがよい。その変化は段階的にまたは一気に変化させてもよい。
【００１３】
そして、湿度を変化させる場合も温度と同様に変化させるのがよく。また、湿度の上昇は、温度を５℃前後から１８℃前後に上昇させる発生後期の温度上昇とほぼ同時に変化させるのがよい。
そして、発生後期の温度上昇の前に、容器の開口部（ビン口）の培養基表面の死滅菌層を除去（菌掻）するのがよい。すなわち、子実体の発生面を確保する。
具体的には、適当な直径の金属等からなる円筒型カッターと吸引装置等によって菌床表面の死滅菌層を除去すればよく、また、その深さは１５ｍｍ程度がよい。
【００１４】
さらには、前記発生の際に、温度および湿度の変化と共に、二酸化炭素の濃度および／または照明の光度を上昇させてもよい。その変化を行うタイミングは後期の温度上昇とほぼ同時に行うのがよい。
二酸化炭素においては、濃度を約４００ppmに維持し、その状態から約２０００ppmに上昇させるのが望ましい。また、照明の光度においては、初め約１００Lxに維持し、その状態から約４００Lxに上昇させるのが望ましい。また、照明のランプの色は青色（青色光）がよい。
【００１５】
そして、上述に説明する培養および発生の際に有効な方法を合わせて栽培することが有効である。
すなわち、培養の際に、所定の湿度を維持しながら培養後期において栽培室内の温度を４０日程度の培養前期において２０℃前後に維持していた温度を２０日程度の培養後期において１０℃前後に一旦低下させその後に３０℃前後に著しく上昇させ、さらに、発生の際に、少なくとも栽培室内の温度を発生前期で−１℃前後の低温から５℃前後に上昇させて維持すると共に、発生後期でその温度を１８℃前後まで上昇させ、また、湿度もその温度上昇にほぼ合わせて上昇させて栽培するのがよい。
そして、発生の際に、発生後期での温度上昇と共に、二酸化炭素の濃度および／または照明の光度を上昇させてもよい。
【００１６】
【実施例】
オガ屑とフスマおよび菌糸活性剤等を含んだ培地（表１）を含水率６５％の培養基に調整し、その培養基を８５０mlのポリプロピレン製栽培ビンに約６５０ｇ充填した。
【表１】
培地の例

そして、ビンの内部全体に空気を補給すると共に菌糸の成育を良好にし、且つ種菌の培養基に接する面積を増やし菌回りを速やかに行わせるため、培養基の中央に直径１０mmの大きさの穴をビンの底部付近に達するまで開けて、このビンを蒸気殺菌釜を用いて１２１℃で４時間殺菌した。
【００１７】
殺菌後、ビン内の培養基の温度が２０℃以下になるまで冷却して、その後にクリーンルーム内で種菌を１５g接種し、室温２１℃／相対湿度７０％に調節した環境下で４０日間培養した。
次に、室温１０℃／相対湿度７０％に調節した環境下で１０日間おき、さらに、室温を１０℃から３０℃に急激に上昇させて室温３０℃／相対湿度７０％に調節した環境下で１０日間おいた。これによって菌糸が栽培ビンの中に充分蔓延し、菌糸が完熟した。
【００１８】
次に、相対湿度を８０％／室温を−１℃にして数日間低温刺激を加え、そして、相対湿度を８０％のまま室温を−１℃から５℃に上昇させて７日間その状態を維持した。この時点で、子実体の発生面を確保するため金属製の円筒型のカッターと真空吸引装置を用いて、菌床表面を直径３５mm／深さ１５mm取り除く菌掻を行った。
次に、室温を５℃から１８℃に上昇させ、且つ相対湿度も８０％から９５％に上昇させ、さらに、二酸化炭素濃度を４００ppmから２０００ppm上昇させると共に、青色蛍光ランプの光度を１００Lxから４００Lxに上昇させて子実体を発生させ且つ育成させた。この結果、菌掻を行ってから２１日目に１本の栽培ビン当り210gのプロロットプランシュの子実体が採取できた。
【００１９】
【効果】
本発明のプロロットプランシュの人工栽培方法は以上のような方法で、本発明による栽培方法を用いることによって子実体の収穫量を安定させることができたものである。
従って、プロロットプランシュの人工栽培を専業として営むこともでき、キノコの人工栽培業を営む者や消費する者にとっても極めて有益となる。[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to an artificial cultivation method for artificially cultivating prolot planch.
[0002]
[Prior art and problems]
Conventionally, mushrooms such as bunashimeji, eringi, maitake, and enoki have been artificially cultivated, and today, their cultivation techniques have been established.
The cultivation method is mainly carried out using a culture bottle such as polypropylene. Add oga / rice bran / brass / water appropriately and stir it with a mixer to make a culture medium, which is then packed in the culture bottle. , Make a hole for inoculation of the inoculum in the culture medium, put the culture bottle in a steam sterilization pot to sterilize the culture medium in the bottle, inoculate the culture medium with the inoculum and culture it in the culture room to spread the hyphae in the culture medium The dead sterilization layer in the bottle mouth is removed (bacteria), and fruit bodies are generated and grown in a breeding room.
However, the mushroom named “ Pleurotus nebrodensis (Inzenga) Quel”, which is said to be a “white mausoleum” in China and is used as a prolot planch in Japan, is also mentioned above. However, since the harvest of fruiting bodies is not stable, artificial cultivation has not been achieved.
In this specification, Pleurotus nebrodensis (Inzenga) Quel is described as its common name, Prolot Plansch.
[0003]
【the purpose】
This invention is made | formed in view of the problem mentioned above, and it aims at providing the artificial cultivation method of the pro-lot planch which can harvest a fruit body stably.
[0004]
The gist of the present invention is that an appropriately adjusted culture medium is packed in a container, inoculated with the prottoplanch inoculum in the culture medium and cultured to spread the mycelium in the culture medium, and then generate fruit bodies. And it is an artificial cultivation method of Prolot Plansch to grow, culturing for about 40 days while maintaining the temperature in the cultivation room at around 20 ° C. and the humidity at about 70%, then the temperature in the cultivation room is around 10 ° C., After maintaining the humidity at about 70% for about 10 days, the room temperature is rapidly increased from about 10 ° C. to about 30 ° C., and the hyphae is kept for about 10 days in an environment where the room temperature is adjusted to about 30 ° C. and the humidity is adjusted to about 70%. Next, the temperature in the cultivation room is set to about -1 ° C, the humidity is set to about 80%, and the low temperature stimulation is applied for several days. Thereafter, the room temperature is kept at about 80%, and the room temperature is set to about -1 ° C. Increase to around 5 ° C and maintain for about 7 days After that, the fungus is scraped, and the room temperature is raised from around 5 ° C. to around 18 ° C. and the humidity is also raised from about 80% to about 95% to generate fruiting bodies. Is increased from 400 ppm to 2000 ppm, and the luminous intensity of the blue fluorescent lamp is increased from 100 Lx to 400 Lx .
[0006]
Explaining the artificial cultivation method of Prolot Planch of the present invention, the culture medium is the soil used when cultivating mushrooms, it is adjusted by adding moisture to rice bran and sawdust etc. as a raw material, In some cases, a mycelia activator or the like is also mixed. The raw material for the culture medium is not particularly limited, and any raw material suitable for cultivation of prolot planch can be used.
[0007]
The culture medium may be packed in an appropriate container. Usually, a bottle-shaped container or a bag-shaped container having an opening upward is used as the container. That is, the bottle-shaped container is called a culture bottle, and the bag-shaped container is called a culture bag.
The container is not particularly limited, and any shape or material may be used as long as it is a container capable of cultivating prolot planch.
[0008]
In the inoculation with Prolot-Plansch inoculum, an appropriate hole is made in the center of the container filled with the culture medium, and the container is sterilized by a sterilization means such as a steam sterilization pot. It is desirable to inoculate the inoculum after cooling to the extent. Further, the depth of the hole is not particularly limited, but considering the promotion of bacteria, it is preferable to open the hole to a depth that reaches the vicinity of the bottom of the container.
[0009]
And after inoculating Protto planch inoculum, it is cultured in the culture room to spread the mycelium in the culture medium. At this time, the temperature in the cultivation room is maintained for about 40 days while maintaining a predetermined humidity. the temperature of the cultivation room which was maintained at the previous year, increased from once lowered in culture late approximately 20 days, it is preferable to subsequently rapidly increased.
Humidity is desirably about 70%, also, the temperature at which temporarily reduces in culture late and longitudinal 10 ° C., is desirable to the temperature at which subsequently rose 30 ° C. and forth.
Here, around 10 ° C. means a range of about +/− 4 ° C. with 10 ° C. as a boundary, and in this case, a range of 6 ° C. to 14 ° C. The description in the following description also indicates this range, and other temperature descriptions with “before and after” include the range of about +/− 4 ° C. in the same manner.
[0010]
As a particularly effective method for changing the temperature, it is desirable to maintain the room temperature in the early stage of culture in the culture chamber at around 20 ° C. and to raise the room temperature in the late stage of culture from about 10 ° C. to about 30 ° C. The period of the first culture period is desirably about 40 days, and the period of the second culture period is desirably about 20 days.
Then, at the room temperature rise timing in the later stage of the culture, after maintaining the room temperature of about 10 ° C. for about 10 days, the temperature should be rapidly increased to about 30 ° C., and the state should be maintained for about 10 days. .
When the temperature is changed, the temperature change may be perceived. Preferably, the temperature change is preferably made abruptly felt. The change may be changed stepwise or all at once.
[0011]
And after the mycelium spreads in the culture medium, the fruiting body is generated and nurtured. At that time, at least the temperature in the cultivation room is maintained at a low temperature in the early generation period of about 10 days, and the late in the generation period of about 10 days. It is desirable to increase the temperature and also increase the humidity substantially in accordance with the temperature increase.
The temperature of the cultivation room maintained in low temperature generator year and -1 ° C. before and after the temperature of the cultivation chamber which is raised in generated later to the 18 ° C. before and after is desirable. As a particularly effective method for changing the temperature, it is preferable to change the temperature in two stages, the first half of the generation and the second half of the generation. It is desirable to maintain the temperature by raising the temperature from around 5 ° C. to around 18 ° C. in the late stage of development.
[0012]
Further, it is desirable to maintain the humidity at about 80% and to increase it to about 95% from that state.
The change in temperature gives low temperature stimulation to the mycelium, so the state at around -1 ° C is continued for several days, then it is raised from around -1 ° C to around 5 ° C and maintained for about 7 days, and then around 5 ° C to 18 ° C It is better to raise it back and forth. The period for maintaining the low temperature may be appropriately changed depending on the state of the mycelium.
When the temperature is changed, the temperature change may be perceived. Preferably, the temperature change is preferably made abruptly felt. The change may be changed stepwise or all at once.
[0013]
And when changing humidity, it is good to change it like temperature. Further, the increase in humidity is preferably changed almost simultaneously with the temperature increase in the latter period of generation in which the temperature is increased from about 5 ° C. to about 18 ° C.
And before the temperature rise in the late stage of development, the dead sterilization layer on the surface of the culture medium at the opening (bottle opening) of the container is preferably removed (bacteria). That is, the generation surface of the child entity is secured.
Specifically, the dead sterilization layer on the surface of the microbial bed may be removed with a cylindrical cutter made of metal or the like having an appropriate diameter and a suction device, and the depth is preferably about 15 mm.
[0014]
Furthermore, in the generation | occurrence | production, you may raise the density | concentration of a carbon dioxide and / or the luminous intensity of illumination with the change of temperature and humidity. The timing for performing the change is preferably performed almost simultaneously with the temperature increase in the latter period.
In carbon dioxide, it is desirable to maintain the concentration at about 400 ppm and raise it from that state to about 2000 ppm . In addition, it is desirable that the intensity of illumination is initially maintained at about 100 Lx and then increased from that state to about 400 Lx . The color of the lamp for illumination is preferably blue (blue light).
[0015]
And it is effective to cultivate together the method effective at the time of culture | cultivation demonstrated above and generation | occurrence | production.
That is, at the time of culture, while maintaining a predetermined humidity, the temperature maintained in the cultivation room at about 20 ° C. in the early culture period of about 40 days while maintaining the predetermined humidity is about 10 ° C. at the latter stage of cultivation for about 20 days. Once lowered, it is remarkably raised to around 30 ° C., and further, at the time of occurrence, at least the temperature in the cultivation room is raised from a low temperature of around −1 ° C. to about 5 ° C. in the first half of the occurrence and maintained, and in the latter half of occurrence The temperature should be raised to around 18 ° C., and the humidity should be raised almost in accordance with the temperature rise.
And in the case of generation | occurrence | production, you may raise the density | concentration of a carbon dioxide and / or the luminous intensity of illumination with the temperature rise in the generation | occurrence | production late stage.
[0016]
【Example】
A medium (Table 1) containing sawdust, bran and mycelia activator was adjusted to a culture medium with a water content of 65%, and about 650 g of the culture medium was filled into an 850 ml polypropylene cultivation bottle.
[Table 1]
Examples of media

Then, in order to supply air to the entire inside of the bottle and improve the growth of the mycelium, and to increase the area in contact with the culture medium of the inoculum and allow the bacteria to move quickly, a hole having a diameter of 10 mm is formed in the center of the culture medium. This bottle was sterilized at 121 ° C. for 4 hours using a steam sterilizer.
[0017]
After sterilization, the culture medium in the bottle was cooled to 20 ° C. or lower, and then 15 g of the inoculum was inoculated in a clean room, and cultured for 40 days in an environment adjusted to room temperature 21 ° C./relative humidity 70%.
Next, in an environment adjusted to room temperature 10 ° C / relative humidity 70% for 10 days, the room temperature was rapidly increased from 10 ° C to 30 ° C and adjusted to room temperature 30 ° C / relative humidity 70%. I stayed for 10 days. As a result, the mycelium spread sufficiently in the cultivation bottle, and the mycelium was fully ripe.
[0018]
Next, a low temperature stimulus is applied for several days at a relative humidity of 80% / room temperature of -1 ° C., and the temperature is raised from -1 ° C. to 5 ° C. for 7 days while maintaining the relative humidity at 80%. did. At this time, using a metal cylindrical cutter and a vacuum suction device, a fungus was removed to remove the surface of the fungus bed with a diameter of 35 mm / depth of 15 mm using a metal cylindrical cutter and a vacuum suction device.
Next, the room temperature is increased from 5 ° C. to 18 ° C., the relative humidity is increased from 80% to 95%, the carbon dioxide concentration is increased from 400 ppm to 2000 ppm, and the luminous intensity of the blue fluorescent lamp is increased from 100 Lx to 400 Lx. Raised to generate and nurture fruiting bodies. As a result, on the 21st day after the fungus was scraped, a fruit body of Prolot Planch of 210 g per cultivation bottle could be collected.
[0019]
【effect】
The artificial cultivation method for prolot planche of the present invention is the method as described above, and the yield of fruiting bodies can be stabilized by using the cultivation method according to the present invention.
Therefore, the artificial cultivation of prolot planch can be carried out as a full-time occupation, and it is extremely beneficial for those who operate or consume mushrooms.

Claims

Prolot-planch artificial that fills containers with appropriately prepared culture medium, inoculates the culture medium with inoculum of prolot planch and incubates it to spread hyphae in the culture medium, and then generates and grows fruit bodies It is a cultivation method, and it is cultured for about 40 days while maintaining the temperature in the cultivation room at around 20 ° C. and the humidity at about 70%. After maintaining the temperature, the room temperature is rapidly increased from about 10 ° C. to about 30 ° C., and the hyphae are fully ripened in about 10 days in an environment where the room temperature is about 30 ° C. and the humidity is adjusted to about 70%. The temperature is about -1 ° C, the humidity is about 80%, and low temperature stimulation is applied for several days. Then, the room temperature is raised from about -1 ° C to about 5 ° C while the humidity in the cultivation room is about 80%. After maintaining for about a day, Increasing the temperature from about 5 ° C. to about 18 ° C. and increasing the humidity from about 80% to about 95% to generate fruit bodies, and during the generation, the carbon dioxide concentration is increased from 400 ppm to 2000 ppm, A method for artificial cultivation of prolot planch, wherein the luminous intensity of a blue fluorescent lamp is increased from 100 Lx to 400 Lx.