JPH0549346A - Culture of mushroom - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To culture mushroom in high productivity in shortened culture period by mixing a culture base produced by adding nutrients to sawdust, etc., with a culture base produced by inoculating and culturing seed mycelia in a medium containing sawdust, etc., inoculating seed mycelia of ripening period into the mixed culture base and culturing the mycelia. CONSTITUTION:A medium C is filled in a culture bottle 10 and subjected to the inoculation of seed mycelia, culture of the mycelia and growth of fruit body. In the above mushroom cultivation method, a wide-mouthed bottle is used as the culture bottle 10, a plurality of through-holes 12 are formed on the side wall, a filter member 14 passing air but shielding miscellaneous germs is attached to the bottle to cover the through-holes, the bottle is filled with a medium C produced by mixing, at a specific ratio, a culture base A prepared by adding necessary nutrients to a medium material such as sawdust and sterilizing the medium to a culture base B prepared by inoculating seed mycelia to a medium material composed mainly of sawdust, etc., and culturing the mycelia until the medium material is filled with the mycelia, a necessary amount of seed mycelia D of ripening period after the completion of culture are inoculated to the medium C and the mycelia are cultured to obtain mushroom in high productivity while remarkably shortening the culture period.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for cultivating mushrooms, and more particularly to a method for cultivating mushrooms which can significantly shorten the cultivation period.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A culture bottle is filled with a medium and inoculated with inoculum,
Artificial cultivation of mushrooms for hyphal culture and growth of fruiting bodies has become widespread. In this case, it is always required to shorten the cultivation period, improve the rotation efficiency of the cultivation bottle, and thus improve the productivity.

[0003]

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] For example, the cultivation period of honshimeji mushrooms is about 25 for cultivation of hyphae.
Approximately 90 days for mycelial ripening and approximately 15 days for fruit body growth
Since it takes a long period of time from cultivation to harvesting for 120 to 140 days, the cultivation bottle can rotate only about two times a year, which causes a problem of poor productivity. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a mushroom cultivating method capable of significantly shortening the culturing period, particularly the culturing period and the ripening period to enhance the productivity.

[0004]

The present invention has the following constitution in order to achieve the above object. That is, in a mushroom cultivation method in which a culture medium is filled in a culture bottle, inoculated with inoculum, cultivated, and fruit bodies are grown, a culture medium A sterilized by adding necessary nutrients to a medium material such as sawdust. Inoculate the medium material mainly composed of sawdust and inoculate it with the inoculum and mix it with the culture medium B filled with mycelia at an appropriate ratio to prepare the medium C,
This culture medium C is filled in a culture bottle, and the culture medium is preliminarily cultivated on the culture medium C, and a required amount of the inoculum D contained in the aging period is inoculated and cultured. It is preferable to use a cultivation bottle in which a through hole is formed in a wall surface of a portion where the culture medium C is filled, air is circulated to cover the through hole, and a filter member that prevents circulation of various bacteria is attached to the cultivation bottle. is there. Still further, in the present invention, in a mushroom cultivation method in which a culture bottle is filled with a medium, inoculation of inoculum, culture, and growth of fruiting bodies, mushrooms are cultivated once and necessary for an old medium material that has been piled up in the field. A culture medium E containing nutrients,
A culture medium B mainly containing sawdust is inoculated and cultured, and the culture medium B filled with mycelia is mixed at an appropriate ratio to prepare a culture medium F. The culture medium F is filled in a cultivation bottle, and the culture medium B is filled with the culture medium B. F
It is characterized in that the above-mentioned culture is completed in advance and the required amount of the inoculum D contained in the aging period is inoculated and the culture is performed.

[0005]

By adjusting the medium C (F) and inoculating the inoculum D as described above, the culture period and ripening period of mycelia could be greatly shortened. For example, in the case of Hoshimeji, it took 25 days to culture mycelium.
According to the method of the present invention, it was shortened to about 5 days, and the aging period was conventionally 90 days, but it was shortened to about 25 days. That is, according to the method of the present invention, in the case of shimeji shimeji, it took about 30 days until the end of ripening, and after this short period of time, the generation of fruiting bodies was observed by scraping the bacteria.
It became possible to harvest this after a growing period of about 5 days. Therefore, the total cultivation period was about 45 days, the cultivation bottle could be rotated about 6 times throughout the year, and the productivity was greatly improved.

[0006]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 shows a cultivation bottle 10 suitable for use in the present invention. The cultivation bottle 10 has a wide-mouthed bottle shape, and a plurality of through holes 12 are formed in a side wall of the cultivation bottle 10, and a filter member 14 which covers the through holes 12 and allows air to flow but does not allow bacteria to pass therethrough is attached. As shown in FIG. 2, the attachment of the filter member 14 forms projecting peripheral portions 16 having L-shaped cross sections on the upper and lower portions of the side wall of the cultivation bottle 10, and the filter member is provided in the groove of the projecting peripheral portion 16. The filter member 16 is inserted in the projecting peripheral portion 16 so that the end portions of the filter member 16 are inserted.
Should be held. Alternatively, the edge portion of the filter member may be fixed and attached to the outer wall of the cultivation bottle with an adhesive. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, a through hole 12 may be provided in the bottom surface of the cultivation bottle 10, and the through hole 12 may be covered and the filter member 14 may be attached in the same manner as above. The material of the filter member 14 may be, for example, a fine-grained nonwoven fabric. Alternatively, a plastic film with micron-sized apertures can be used. The filter member 14 may cover the through hole 12 inside the cultivation bottle 10 and be fixed with an adhesive, but in order to facilitate the replacement of the filter member 14, the filter member 14 is detached from the cultivation bottle 10 as described above. It is suitable to be freely attached.

Next, a cultivation method will be described. The present invention is characterized by the method for adjusting the medium. As shown in FIG. 4, a medium material mainly composed of sawdust etc. is added with necessary nutrients such as Conuka as usual, and the water content is adjusted and put in a large container 20, and a lid 21 is put on the sterilization pot. Then, the culture medium A is prepared by sterilizing it by a conventional method. Also in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 5, necessary nutrients such as Conuka were added to a medium material mainly composed of sawdust and the water content was adjusted and stored in a container 22, sterilized, and inoculated with an inoculum to perform mycelial culture. Prepare culture medium B. The culture medium B is one that has been filled with hyphae and has been cultured, and can also be used as an inoculum in ordinary mushroom cultivation. The culture medium B has already been adjusted when the culture medium A was adjusted, that is, in the case of the shimeji mushroom, the culture was already completed after about 25 days. The adjustment of the culture medium B, that is, the culturing is performed separately in advance, and therefore the adjustment of the culture medium B itself is not included in the cultivation period.

The culture medium A and the culture medium B are mixed in an appropriate ratio to prepare a medium C, and the medium C is filled in the above-mentioned cultivation bottle 10 by a conventional method as shown in FIG. An air circulation hole is formed in the medium C. The mixing ratio of the culture medium A and the culture medium B varies depending on the type of mushroom, etc., but in the case of shimeji mushroom, a range of about 2: 1 to 1: 2 is suitable for shortening the culture and aging period. Next, as shown in FIG. 7, the inoculum D is inoculated on the medium C, and mycelia are cultured by a conventional method. Inoculum D
Is used after the culturing has been completed and has already entered the aging period, for example, in the case of Honshimeji, those which have been about 40 to 50 days after the start of the culture are used. Further, as shown in FIG. 7, it is preferable to inoculate a larger amount of the inoculum D than the amount during normal mushroom cultivation. In normal mushroom cultivation, the inoculum is inoculated so that it covers the surface of the medium, but it is preferable to inoculate much more than that. To inoculate a large amount of inoculum, for example, as shown in FIG. 8, a perforated plate 24 having a predetermined thickness is formed in the bottle mouth so that the holes coincide with the bottle mouth, and the inoculum D is placed in the bottle mouth and the perforated plate 2
4 is supplied so as to be housed in the hole of 4, and the pressing plate 25
Then, the seed germ D is pressed and solidified so that the surface position of the seed germ D is about 5 mm lower than the mouth edge of the bottle. With this, a large amount of inoculum D can be inoculated. The reason why the surface of the inoculum D is set to be lower than the rim of the bottle is to secure a space so that the hyphae on the surface of the inoculum do not adhere to the inner surface of the cap during mycelium culture.

The medium C was prepared as described above, and the inoculum D
It was possible to significantly shorten the culture period and ripening period of the mycelium by inoculating with. For example, in the case of Hon-shimeji, the culture period of hypha was conventionally about 25 days, but in the above example, it was shortened to about 5 days, and the aging period was 9 days.
It took 0 days, but it was shortened to 25 days. That is,
In the above-mentioned Example, it took about 30 days until the end of ripening, and after a short period of time, the surface of the inoculum D was scraped off slightly, and when the bacteria were scratched, the occurrence of fruiting bodies was observed. This harvest has become possible. Therefore,
The total cultivation period was about 45 days, and the cultivation bottle could be rotated about 6 times throughout the year, and the productivity was greatly improved.

In the case of this example, paying attention to the inoculum D itself, it is in the aging process in which about 40 to 50 days have already passed at the time of inoculation, and the total of 30 days of the culture and aging period of the lower medium C should be combined. For example, about 70 to 80 days have passed. Normally, in the case of Honshimeji, germination does not occur until about 115 days have passed as described above, but in the case of this example, the culture and aging of the lower medium C proceeded in a short period of time as described above, and It is considered that the seed germ D above was also affected and germination was possible in about 30 days.

The reason why the culture period and the ripening period were greatly shortened as described above is considered to be as follows. First, the medium C is a culture medium A used for ordinary mushroom cultivation.
And the culture medium B in which the hyphae have already spread, so that the mycelium rotation is extremely good. Next, inoculate a large amount of the inoculum D that has already been cultured and has reached the aging period. Promotes the growth of mycelia in the lower medium C and accelerates the mycelial circumference, and the synergistic effect significantly shortens the culture period and ripening period. It is more convenient to mix the culture medium A and the culture medium B in that even if the amount of the medium C prepared by mixing them is changed, there is almost no change in the culturing and aging period, and the culture can be performed in a short period of time.
As a result, the cultivation period does not change even if a large amount of medium is filled per bottle, and therefore the yield per bottle can be increased. In this respect, in the conventional method, the larger the amount of the medium, the longer it took for the hyphae to spread throughout the medium, and the longer the culture and aging took.

Further, by using the cultivation bottle 10 having the through hole 12 in the outer wall as described above, the air flows from the through hole 12 into the cultivation bottle 10 through the filter member 14, The growth of mycelium becomes active, and the culture period and ripening period are shortened. In the present invention, the cultivation bottle 10 is not limited to the above, and a conventional cultivation bottle having no through hole can be used. In this case, since the circulation of air into the cultivation bottle is performed only through the filter member provided in the cap (not shown), the culture by air circulation and the promotion of aging are lower than the above, but the medium C, the inoculum By adjusting D as described above, the culture period and ripening period can be considerably shortened. For example, in the case of honshi-shimeji, the culture period is about 8 days and the aging period is 38 even if a conventional culture bottle is used.
The schedule will be much shorter than before.

In the above embodiment, the culture medium A was prepared with a completely new medium material, but an old medium which has already been cultivated once mushroom can be reused. That is, the old medium (excluding the surface layer portion) that has been piled up for about one year is used as it is, and nutrients such as deficient Conuka are added to this, and the water content is adjusted to adjust the culture medium E. The culture medium E and the culture medium B are mixed in the same manner as described above to prepare the medium F. Using this medium F, inoculate the inoculum D in the same manner as above,
When the mycelia were cultured, ripened, and fruiting bodies were grown, mushrooms could be cultivated without any trouble in the same manner as described above, and the culturing period and the aging period were shortened in the same manner as above, and an equivalent yield could be obtained. The advantage of this example is not only that the old medium can be reused, but that no disinfection treatment is necessary for the preparation of the culture medium E. The reason why sterilization is not necessary is not a big reason, but it is thought that some bacteria that do not prevent the growth of mushrooms and suppress the growth of various bacteria grow during the field-loading period. INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be applied not only to cultivating honshi-shimeji mushrooms, but also to cultivating mushrooms such as enoki mushrooms and other mushrooms that can be artificially cultivated.

Although the present invention has been variously described with reference to the preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and many modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. Of course.

[0015]

According to the mushroom cultivation method of the present invention,
As described above, the culturing period and the ripening period can be significantly shortened, and the cultivation period can be shortened to efficiently use the cultivation bottle for rotation, so that the productivity can be greatly improved. In particular, by using together with a cultivation bottle having a through hole covered with a filter member, it is possible to satisfactorily allow air to flow into the bottle, and culture,
Aging can be further promoted, the cultivation period can be shortened, and productivity can be greatly improved. It is convenient to mix the culture medium A (E) and the culture medium B so that even if the amount of the medium C prepared by mixing them is changed, there is almost no change in the culturing and aging period, and it can be performed in a short time. Is. As a result, the cultivation period does not change even if a large amount of medium is filled per bottle, and therefore the yield per bottle can be increased. In addition, an old medium in which mushrooms are once cultivated can be reused as the culture medium E, and in this case, sterilization treatment is not required and the number of steps can be reduced.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view of a cultivation bottle.

FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of a cultivation bottle.

FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of a cultivation bottle.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing the adjustment of culture medium A.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing the adjustment of culture medium B.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which a culture bottle is filled with a medium.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the inoculum is inoculated on the medium.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory view showing an example of an inoculation method of inoculum.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10 Cultivation Bottle 12 Through Hole 14 Filter Member

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A culture bottle is filled with a medium and inoculated with an inoculum,
In a mushroom cultivation method for culturing and growing fruiting bodies, a culture medium A in which necessary nutrients are added to a medium material such as sawdust and sterilized, and a culture medium mainly containing the sawdust is inoculated with an inoculum. The medium C is cultivated and mixed with the culture medium B filled with mycelia at an appropriate ratio to prepare the medium C, and the medium C is filled in a cultivation bottle. The culture is completed on the medium C in advance and the aging period is started. A method for cultivating mushrooms, which comprises inoculating a required amount of inoculum D present and culturing. 2. A culture bottle is provided with a through hole formed in a wall surface of a portion to be filled with the medium C, and a culture bottle attached with a filter member which covers the through hole to allow air to flow therethrough and prevent the passage of miscellaneous bacteria. The mushroom cultivation method according to claim 1. 3. A culture bottle is filled with a medium and inoculated with an inoculum,
In a mushroom cultivating method for culturing and growing fruiting bodies, a culturing medium E in which mushrooms are cultivated once and the nutrients necessary for the old medium material that has been accumulated in the field are added, and a medium material mainly composed of sawdust etc. Inoculate and culture and mix with the culture medium B filled with hypha at an appropriate ratio to prepare the medium F, fill the medium F in a culture bottle, and complete the culture on the medium F in advance, and the aging period A method for cultivating mushrooms, which comprises inoculating a required amount of inoculum D contained therein and culturing.