JP7372699B1 - Shiitake container cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

[Problem] To realize a cultivation method that improves production efficiency and incidence (yield) in the cultivation of mushrooms such as shiitake in a cylindrical cultivation container, and also satisfies product standards. [Solution] A cylindrical container body that has translucency and shape retention, has an opening on the top surface and can be filled with a certain amount of culture medium, and has translucency, air permeability, and shape retention. Using a cultivation container equipped with a lid, a) a culture medium manufacturing process in which a sterilized culture medium is filled, or the culture medium is filled and then sealed and sterilized, and b) the lid is removed and the cultivation container is placed on the surface of the culture medium. c) An inoculum inoculation step in which the container body is sealed again with a lid after dispersing the shiitake inoculum, and c) an early mycelium cultivation step in which the inoculated mycelia are spread in the medium under a dark environment while supplying oxygen. d) late step of culturing mycelia that supplies oxygen and promotes primordium formation under light conditions; and e) once primordium formation is completed, remove the lid from the container body and allow the growth of fruiting bodies. f) a collection step of collecting the mature fruiting body. [Selection diagram] Figure 1

Description

The present invention mainly targets shiitake mushrooms, and relates to a container cultivation method that is easy to automate and mechanize, which allows for efficient use of cultivation room space, and allows harvesting by encouraging one generation of mushroom beds.

In general, cultivation of edible mushrooms can be roughly divided into two types: cultivation using bags made of polypropylene or polyethylene, and cultivation using containers such as polypropylene bottles. Many edible mushrooms, such as enokitake, bunashimeji, nameko, etc., are grown using container cultivation (bottle cultivation), which requires a large initial investment for equipment, but is characterized by extremely high workability and efficiency.
On the other hand, for shiitake mushrooms, one of Japan's most representative edible mushrooms, special containers have been developed and attempts have been made to cultivate them using such containers in the past, but during cultivation, the "primordia" that form the fruiting bodies were formed throughout the medium. Due to the fact that fruiting bodies are generated from the entire medium (it is technically difficult to control the location and timing of fruiting body generation), their use is limited to the point at which culture is completed. In addition, development of container cultivation is progressing through various trials, and although it has been possible to produce fruiting bodies from the top of the medium inside the container depending on the conditions, the level of producing fruiting bodies consistently and uniformly has not been reached. do not have. For these reasons, even today, commercial container cultivation that can consistently perform all processes from culture medium production, cultivation, generation, and harvesting has not been realized, and bag cultivation remains the mainstream.
In bag cultivation, a space can be provided in the upper part to encourage the formation of primordia and the growth of fruiting bodies, providing favorable conditions for germination. ) Disadvantages such as hindering storage and reducing workability and storage density.

In addition, in bag cultivation, it was common to generate mushrooms multiple times, about 3 to 10 times per generation of the fungal bed, to harvest mushrooms that accounted for about 20 to 30% of the weight of the fungal bed. The entire fungal bed must have matured to a certain extent by the time culture is completed, and in order to harvest a certain amount of shiitake mushrooms from the fungal bed, harvesting multiple times rather than once is a more efficient cultivation method. It depends on what I thought was the method. However, this method has drawbacks such as a long time required until fruiting bodies are obtained, a great deal of labor required for cultivation management, and low facility turnover efficiency.

Various techniques have been proposed in the past to address such problems. For example, a cultivation container for mushrooms and a cultivation method using the same (see Patent Document 1) have been proposed and have become known techniques. More specifically, it describes a mushroom culture method in which a mushroom culture medium is cultured in a bottle container to spread mycelia, and a mushroom culture container used for this method.
However, due to the characteristic of Shiitake mushrooms that mushroom primordia are formed during cultivation and fruiting bodies are generated from the entire surface of the medium, it is necessary to remove the medium from the bottle after cultivation is completed, so the labor-saving advantage of using bottles is limited to the cultivation stage. However, the above problem has not been solved yet.

In addition, the development of a fungal bed cultivation technique using existing cultivation facilities (see Non-Patent Document 1) has been proposed and has become a publicly known technique. In more detail, it mentions the development of a fungal bed cultivation technique that utilizes existing cultivation facilities and materials, and although conditions similar to those of the present invention are occasionally found, a comparison of conventional bag cultivation shows that the unharvested medium It is pointed out that low stability of generation is a major issue due to the high proportion (non-generation rate) and low yield (weight of generation per bottle).
As a result, similar to the bottle usage technology (Patent Document 1) that is limited to the cultivation process in Patent Document 1 mentioned above, commercial cultivation of shiitake mushrooms in bottles has not been successful to date, and the above-mentioned problems have not been achieved. has not yet been resolved.
As a result of optimizing the conditions for the process from filling the medium to fruiting body growth, the present invention has achieved high production efficiency in terms of incidence and yield, reaching a level that enables commercial bottle cultivation. It's different.

Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 06-205611

Nagano Prefecture Forestry Report No. 33 (2019)

The present invention was made in view of the above problems, and in order to improve the efficiency of cultivating mushrooms such as shiitake mushrooms, it is possible to increase the storage density by consistently using cultivation containers that have shape retention, light transmission, and air permeability. In addition to realizing improvements in production efficiency and generation rate (yield) through mechanization and automation, harvesting is performed once per generation of fungal beds, and the growth surface is limited to the bottom of the medium or the top surface with closed sides. The objective of this project is to create a cultivation method that allows for sufficient maturation of the fungal bed and the generation of fruit bodies within a shortened period of time, and that satisfies desired product standards.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned problems, the shiitake mushroom cultivation method according to the present invention includes a cylindrical container main body that has translucency and shape retention, has an opening on the top surface, and can be filled with a certain amount of culture medium; Using a cultivation container equipped with a lid that seals the opening on the top of the container body and has translucency, air permeability, and shape retention,
a) A culture medium manufacturing process in which a sterilized culture medium is filled into a container body and the container body is sealed with a lid, or after the culture medium is filled, the container body is sealed with a lid and sterilized;
b) a seed inoculation step of removing the lid and scattering the shiitake mushroom seed on the surface of the medium, and then sealing the container body with the lid again;
c) an early step of culturing mycelia in which the inoculated mycelium is spread in the medium in an oxygen permeable and dark environment;
d) a late step of culturing mycelia that promotes primordium formation in an environment with oxygen permeability and light conditions;
e) Once the primordium formation is completed, the lid is removed from the container body, and the fruiting body growth step is to promote the growth of the fruiting body;
f) a collection step of collecting mature fruiting bodies;
Adopt measures consisting of:

Further, the present invention provides that the container body has a cylindrical shape, a rectangular cylindrical shape, or a polygonal cylindrical shape, and the diameter ratio of the opening to the body is 70% or more, and the height of the container is equal to the diameter of the opening. Measures will be taken to ensure that the ratio is at least 50%.

Furthermore, the present invention employs a means in which the container lid body supplies oxygen and discharges carbon dioxide only through the gap in the fitting portion without using a filter.

Furthermore, the present invention employs a method in which the culture medium is filled in the culture medium manufacturing process such that the distance between the top of the culture medium and the top of the container is 5 to 20 mm.

Furthermore, in the medium manufacturing process, the present invention adopts a method in which the shape of the top surface of the medium is flat, trapezoidal, bun-shaped, conical, or mortar-shaped, and the difference in height is within 20 mm. .

Furthermore, the present invention provides that, in the culture medium manufacturing process, the inoculation hole is a) at one location in the center of the top surface of the culture medium, b) at multiple locations on the outer edge of the top surface of the culture medium, and c) approximately equidistant from the center of the top surface of the culture medium. A means is adopted in which the hole is opened at a position corresponding to at least one of the plurality of positions.

Furthermore, the present invention employs a method in which the mycelial culture early step is performed under dark conditions of less than 0.5 lux.

Furthermore, in the present invention, in the latter stage of mycelium cultivation, the light is constantly lit or lit intermittently at a brightness of 100 lux or more.

Furthermore, the present invention employs a method in which the strain used in the inoculum inoculation step is a strain that is unlikely to form a brown coating during the late stage of mycelial culture in which a mycelial mass is formed on the surface where fruiting bodies develop.

Furthermore, in the present invention, in the fruiting body growth step, at the timing when the culture is completed and the lid body is removed,
At least one of the following methods is adopted: a) making at least one hole in the top surface of the medium, b) removing a portion of the top surface of the medium together with mycelia, and c) applying stimulation to the cultivation container.

Further, in the present invention, the lid is a fitting type, and the gap in the fitting portion is formed by a groove formed in an axial direction on an inner circumference of the lid and a neck of the container. Take the appropriate measures.

According to the method for cultivating shiitake mushrooms in containers according to the present invention, by using a container body that has translucency and shape retention, and a lid that has translucency, shape retention and air permeability, it is possible to It is possible to supply oxygen and light appropriately, it is possible to stably generate high-quality mushrooms from the opening of the medium, and it is possible to obtain a certain amount of fruiting bodies in a short period of time with only one generation. It becomes possible to improve the efficiency of mushroom cultivation.

Furthermore, according to the method for cultivating shiitake mushrooms in containers according to the present invention, by using a shape-retaining container body, the containers can be stacked on top of each other on a dedicated shelf in the cultivation room, or the height of the shelf can be shortened. This makes it possible to increase the storage density by installing a large number of plants in a cultivation room. Furthermore, since the entire cultivation process is carried out using containers, it is possible to automate the cultivation process by introducing specialized machinery, reducing labor and costs, and by stabilizing shiitake production costs, it is possible to supply consumers at a reasonable price. .
Furthermore, by reducing shiitake production, which is conventionally repeated 3 to 10 times, to one harvest, the turnover efficiency of facilities, etc. can be significantly improved.

Furthermore, according to the method for cultivating shiitake mushrooms in containers according to the present invention, by using the container main body and the lid, the required amount of oxygen can be supplied in the early cultivation step and the late cultivation step, and the required amount of oxygen can be supplied in the latter cultivation step. In this case, the required amount of light can be irradiated to the required area.

Furthermore, according to the method for cultivating shiitake mushrooms in containers according to the present invention, the growing area in the cultivation container can be made as large as possible, and the supply of oxygen and light necessary for cultivation can be balanced. By providing a space of 20 mm, "light" and "oxygen" can be effectively supplied to the upper surface of the culture medium.

Furthermore, according to the method for cultivating shiitake mushrooms in containers according to the present invention, by making the top surface of the medium into a flat shape, a trapezoid shape, a manju (mountain) shape, a conical shape, or a mortar shape, differences in the moisture content of the medium occur. In this case, the number of shiitake mushroom fruiting bodies generated in the fruiting body growing process and the timing of their generation can be adjusted.

In addition, according to the method for cultivating shiitake mushrooms in containers according to the present invention, the container and the lid have translucency, and the culture medium surface is set at a distance of 5 to 20 mm from the top of the container, thereby absorbing the oxygen necessary for mycelial elongation. At the same time, the necessary light and oxygen can be efficiently supplied to the upper surface of the medium where primordium formation takes place.

Furthermore, according to the method for cultivating shiitake mushrooms in containers according to the present invention, by preparing the environment under the various conditions described in the specification of the present specification, fruiting bodies can be uniformly and stably grown from the relevant part of the culture medium. can occur.

1 is a front view showing an embodiment of a cultivation container used in a shiitake container cultivation method according to the present invention. It is an explanatory view showing fitting of the container body and lid of the cultivation container used in the shiitake container cultivation method according to the present invention. It is an explanatory view showing other shapes of the lid of the cultivation container used in the shiitake container cultivation method according to the present invention. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the arrangement of inoculation holes in the method for cultivating shiitake mushrooms in containers according to the present invention.

The greatest feature of the container cultivation method for shiitake mushrooms according to the present invention is that shiitake mushrooms can be consistently grown in shape-retaining containers.
EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Hereinafter, embodiment of the shiitake container cultivation method based on this invention is described based on drawings.
Note that the overall aspect and aspects of each part of the shiitake container cultivation method shown below are not limited to the embodiments described below, and are within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention, that is, exhibiting the same effects. It is possible to change the shape, size, structure, etc. within the range that is possible.
In addition, the term "transparent property" in the present invention refers to the property of transmitting all or part of light, including semi-transparent property, and in addition to transmitting light quantitatively, it also refers to the property of transmitting light in terms of wavelength components. This is a concept that includes cases where it is transparent.

The present invention will be explained while showing the shape of the cultivation container with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.
FIG. 1(a) is a diagram showing the front appearance of the cultivation container. FIG. 1(b) is a diagram showing the front appearance of the container body with the lid fitted into the container body. FIG. 2(a) is a perspective view of the lid viewed from below, and FIG. 2(b) is a bottom view of the lid. FIG. 2(c) is a top view of the cultivation container, including the cutting line AA for the cross-sectional view. FIG. 2(d) is a cross-sectional view of the cultivation container and the lid taken along cutting line AA. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing another shape of the lid body. FIG. 4 shows the cultivation container viewed from above and is an explanatory diagram of the arrangement of inoculation holes, and FIGS. 4(a) to 4(e) are variations thereof.

The present method for cultivating shiitake mushrooms in containers uses a shape-retaining container throughout the process up to harvesting of shiitake mushrooms.
The shiitake container cultivation method generally involves filling a wide-mouthed container with a medium, inoculating the medium with inoculum, spreading mycelia in the medium, forming primordia, growing fruiting bodies, and producing mature fruiting bodies. It is about harvesting a certain shiitake mushroom.

(Culture medium)
Culture medium 30 was prepared by adding and mixing nutrient bodies (“New Beidel for short-term cultivation of shiitake mushrooms” manufactured by Kitaken Co., Ltd.) to broad-leaved wood sawdust (Quercus serrata, Chinese oak) to a final concentration of 8% (weight ratio), and then adding water. In addition, the water content was adjusted to about 58% (weight ratio).
In addition to broad-leaved sawdust, corn cob, cotton seed scum, coniferous wood, and waste mushroom beds can be used as the culture medium base material. Furthermore, common feeds such as bran and rice bran, and agricultural residues can be used as the trophozoites.

(Cultivation container)
The cultivation container 1 consists of a container body 10 and a lid 20.
The container main body 10 is a cylindrical container that has shape retention properties, has translucency in the neck 13 and body 11, and has an opening 12 on the top surface, and can be filled with a certain amount of culture medium 30. (Figure 1, Figure 2(d)).
The shape of the container may be cylindrical, square, or polygonal.
Since the container body 10 has translucency in the neck 13 and body 11, it can provide a sufficient amount of light when a sufficient amount of light is required for mushroom cultivation.
Since the container main body 10 is a cylindrical container that retains its shape, the containers can be stacked on top of each other on a special shelf in the cultivation room, or the height of the shelf can be shortened, so that there are many containers in the cultivation room. It is possible to increase the storage density by installing a number of
Since such characteristics are necessary, the material of the container body 10 should preferably have a certain degree of hardness and be transparent or translucent, and should preferably be made of resin, such as polypropylene. be.

Appropriate dimensions of the container body 10 are such that the diameter of the opening 12 is 70% or more and 85% or less of the diameter of the body 11. It is desirable that the area of the opening is 50% or more and 70% or less of the area of the body. By setting such a ratio, it is possible to supply the necessary oxygen and light and discharge carbon dioxide to the mushroom primordium formation site, that is, the upper surface of the medium, for hyphal elongation and mushroom primordium formation. It is.
In terms of shape, since the dimensions of the body 11 and the diameter of the opening 12 are close, it has a wide-mouthed bottle structure.
Further, it is preferable that the diameter of the opening is 50% or more of the height of the container. By setting the ratio to 50% or more, the thickness of the soil relative to the area of the top surface portion 31 of the culture medium can be reduced, making it easier to supply oxygen to the entire culture medium. Therefore, high quality mushrooms can be produced simultaneously and stably.

A wide-mouth bottle is effective as the container body 10, and for example, an 800 cc wide-mouth bottle for Nameko (800SB manufactured by Shin-Etsu Agricultural Products Co., Ltd.) can be used. The container body 10 is not limited to this, and can be of various sizes and shapes as long as it meets the above conditions.

Oxygen supply is required during the early culture process in which the inoculated mycelium spreads in the medium and in the late culture process when primordium formation progresses, but it is necessary to provide a space for air to pass through by creating a dimensional difference between the body and mouth. This allows the necessary amount of oxygen to be supplied and appropriate carbon dioxide to be discharged. Furthermore, although light irradiation is required for primordium formation in the latter stage of the culture, a space through which light can pass can be provided in the same way, so that the required amount of light can be irradiated to the required site. On the other hand, shiitake is a ``single'' mushroom rather than the ``clump'' that is common among other mushrooms, and producers and consumers alike recognize individual fruiting bodies as products, and there are limited If the mushrooms do not grow at appropriate intervals for the growing area, interference (collision) between mushrooms is likely to occur and the product value will decrease, so the growing area of the cultivation container must be as wide as possible, and in addition to the above-mentioned requirements for cultivation. Balancing the supply of sufficient amounts of oxygen and light is an important requirement.

(lid body)
The lid 20 seals the opening 12 on the top surface of the container body 10. It is a fitting type, has translucency, air permeability, and shape retention, and is shaped to cover the neck 13 of the container body 10 as a whole. It consists of a cylindrical frame part 21 and a disc-shaped top part 22 (FIGS. 1 and 2).
A plurality of ventilation depressions 23 are formed in the axial direction of the inner circumference of the frame part 21. The ventilation recess 23 is, for example, approximately 10 mm in the circumferential direction, 10 mm in the axial direction, and 0.2 mm in the radial direction, which are appropriate sizes to allow a small amount of air to flow.
A cross-shaped protrusion 24 is arranged inside the top section 22. The height of the protrusion 24 is, for example, about 0.9 mm. When fixing the lid body 20 to the container body 10, a part of the top end 14 (hereinafter also referred to as the container upper end) of the container body 10 comes into contact with the protrusion 24. By coming into contact with the protrusion 24, a gap can be provided between the top end 14 of the container body 10 and the inside of the top surface of the lid 20 at a position other than the protrusion 24. Note that the arrangement shape of the protrusions 24 is not particularly limited to the shape of a cross, as long as it can form a gap between the top end 14 of the container body 10 and the inside of the top surface of the lid body 20. do not have.

As shown in FIG. 2(d), a gap is formed on the side surface of the container body 10 and the lid 20 by the ventilation recess 23 of the frame 21 and the outer periphery of the neck. In a portion other than the ventilation recess 23, the frame portion 21 and the outer periphery of the neck portion are in close contact with each other, and there is no ventilation.
Further, in the top surface portion 22, a gap is formed on the top surface by the top end portion 14 and the protrusion 24. Air circulates between the outside and the inside of the container through the side gaps and the top gap. Furthermore, since the amount of air flowing through the opening is smaller than the area of the opening, it is possible to limit the amount of air flowing through the opening.
In this way, even if the lid body 20 is sealed on the container body 10, oxygen supply and carbon dioxide discharge are performed only through the gap at the fitting part between the container body 10 and the lid body 20, and a certain limited amount of ventilation is carried out. Maintains sexuality.

Moreover, as shown in FIGS. 3(a), (b), and (c), the amount of air flowing can be adjusted by changing the number and size of the fitting grooves. In culturing mycelia, it is important to control the amount of oxygen supplied and the amount of carbon dioxide discharged. By changing the number and size of the fitting grooves, the amount of oxygen supplied and the amount of carbon dioxide discharged can be controlled.
Further, as shown in FIG. 3(d), by changing the shape of the spacer (protrusion 24), the influence of the spacer on the circulating air can be reduced.

Regarding translucency and shape retention, it is preferable to use the same material as the container body 10. Therefore, a material made of transparent or translucent resin having light-transmitting properties is suitable, and polypropylene, for example, is suitable.

Further, in order to obtain breathability, it is also possible to use a lid equipped with a filter made of nonwoven fabric, urethane, or the like. As an example of a lid body using a filter, air enters and exits through ventilation holes opened inside and outside the lid body (outside: 9.5 mm x 2.4 mm slits x 4 places, inside: 3 mm diameter holes x 4 places). However, there is a shape in which ventilation is performed through a filter built into the lid.
However, the light transmittance of the built-in filter portion decreases, making it impossible to obtain sufficient light transmittance for the lid as a whole, and therefore it is not suitable as a lid for the present invention.
Furthermore, depending on the shape of the filter, the amount of ventilation cannot be adjusted, and more oxygen than necessary may be supplied, which may reduce the quality of the mushrooms, which is not appropriate.

Each step of the present container cultivation method for shiitake mushrooms will be explained. The process consists of a medium production process, a seed inoculation process, an early mycelium culture process, a late mycelium culture process, a fruiting body growth process, and a collection process.
The overall process is from the production of the culture medium to the harvesting of the shiitake mushrooms.

(Medium manufacturing process)
In the culture medium manufacturing process, the cultivation container 1 is filled with an appropriate amount of the adjusted culture medium 30.
The shape of the medium upper surface part 31 during filling of the medium may be flat, trapezoidal, mountain (manju), mortar, or conical. Also, for a flat type, it is better to have some height difference as a whole.
By adopting such a shape, the environment of the upper surface part 31 of the medium after the spread of shiitake mycelium, especially the difference in the moisture content of the medium, results in adjusting the number and timing of the generation of shiitake fruiting bodies in the fruiting body growing process. can do.

It is preferable that the difference in height between the upper end and the lower end of the medium upper surface portion 31 is within 20 mm.
Further, it is preferable that the distance between the upper end of the container (container top end) and the top of the medium, which is the mushroom growth surface, be in the range of 5 to 20 mm, since the medium will not become deep when harvesting shiitake mushrooms.
Moreover, by taking such a range, it is possible to effectively supply "light" and "oxygen", which are essential for the formation of mushroom primordia after the spread of shiitake mycelium, to the upper surface of the medium. In addition, shiitake mushrooms have the characteristic of forming mushroom primordia during cultivation, and by providing space, a place for primordium formation can be secured and this can be prevented from being disturbed by physical pressure.

Although sterilization can be carried out by normal pressure sterilization, it is preferable to use high pressure sterilization to improve efficiency and reliability. The sterilization process takes about 40 to 50 minutes at a culture medium temperature of 118 to 120°C.
The process may include filling the container body with a medium, then sealing the container body 10 with the lid 20, and performing sterilization treatment, or filling the container body 10 with a sterilized medium in advance. , a method of sealing with a lid 20 may also be used.
By sealing with the lid 20, the sterilized state of the culture medium can be maintained.
After sealing, it is cooled and stored.

(Start inoculation process)
In the inoculum inoculation process, the lid 20 of the cultivation container 1 that has been sterilized and cooled in the culture medium production process is removed, and the shiitake inoculation is sprayed and inoculated on the top surface 31 of the medium, and then the container body 10 is replaced with the lid again. Seal with 20.
In addition to a general sawdust culture medium in which mycelia are spread, the seed fungus can be cultured in a liquid medium, or the aforementioned sawdust seed culture diluted with sterile water (diluted seed fungus) can be used.
However, in the case of sawdust inoculum, the space for mushroom primordium formation is likely to be narrowed, the fermentation heat generation is significant, and ventilation and light supply are likely to be reduced, so be careful about mushroom growth. is necessary. Therefore, it is desirable to use a diluted seed culture obtained by diluting bacterial cells cultured in a liquid medium or sawdust seed culture with sterile water. This can suppress the formation of a mycelial film at the mushroom primordium formation site, that is, the upper surface of the medium, and preferentially increase the mycelial maturity of the inoculated surface, thereby promoting mushroom primordium formation.

Moreover, instead of dispersing the shiitake mushroom seed only onto the surface of the medium, an inoculation hole 32 can be provided as a place for inoculating the seed.
As shown in Example 5, by opening the inoculation hole 32, it is possible to efficiently perform hyphal elongation after seed inoculation and fruiting body primordium formation as the medium decomposes and decays. Normally, the inoculation hole 32 is made in one place in the center of the top surface of the medium, but in addition, by making multiple holes in the outer edge of the top surface of the medium, it is possible to minimize contact between fruit bodies in adjacent inoculation holes. Furthermore, it is possible to promote mycelial elongation and decomposition and decay, and it is also possible to adjust the number and site of occurrence during the fruiting body growth process.
In addition, by opening multiple inoculation holes 32 at positions approximately equidistant from the center of the top surface of the culture medium, contact between fruiting bodies in adjacent inoculation holes 32 can be minimized, and the number and location of occurrence can be minimized. can be adjusted.
It is preferable that each inoculation hole 32 is spaced at such an interval that the fruiting body of an adjacent inoculation hole or the opening 12 of the container does not come into contact with the fruiting body of an adjacent inoculating hole during the growth process of the fruiting body.
Regarding the shape of the inoculation hole 32, it is sufficient to follow a conventional method and there is no particular limitation. An advanced shape can be assumed.

Furthermore, as the inoculum used in this step, it is preferable to use a Shiitake strain that is less likely to form a brown coating in the latter stage of mycelial culture in which a mycelium mass is formed on the surface where the fruiting body occurs. It has been confirmed that varieties with a lot of browning on the developing surface upon completion of cultivation have a low incidence of developing.

(Early stage process of mycelial culture)
The initial stage of culturing mycelia is generally a process of spreading inoculated mycelia in a medium under a dark environment with oxygen permeability and less than 0.5 lux. Oxygen is supplied through a gap between the fitting portion of the container body 10 and the lid 20. Carbon dioxide is also discharged through the gap between the fitting parts.
After inoculation in the inoculum inoculation step, the opening 12 of the container body 10 is sealed with the lid 20 and cultured at about 20 to 25° C. for a predetermined period of time. Preferably, it is controlled in the dark under 0.1 lux or less. If it is difficult to maintain dark conditions, it is also effective to block light from time to time, or to use a lid that has light-shielding and light-transmitting properties so that the surface of the medium is less than 0.5 lux.
In this environment, the mycelium is spread throughout the medium.

(Late stage of mycelial culture)
The latter stage of mycelial culture is a process that promotes primordium formation in an environment with oxygen permeability and light conditions. Oxygen is supplied through a gap between the fitting portion of the container body 10 and the lid 20. Carbon dioxide is also discharged through the gap between the fitting parts.
The container body 10 and lid 20 are translucent, and the culture medium surface is set at a distance of 5 to 20 mm from the top end 14 of the container, thereby efficiently supplying the oxygen necessary for mycelial elongation. Necessary light and oxygen can be efficiently supplied to the upper surface of the medium where primordium formation takes place.
In the previous step, the hyphae had settled and extended throughout the medium, so the lights were turned on. The light irradiation at this time may be constant lighting or intermittent lighting. It is desirable that the amount of light be 100 lux or more, but if the amount of light is too large, the generation results (incidence rate, etc.) tend to decrease, so there is no need to significantly increase the amount of light.
In the case of intermittent lighting, for example, it may be turned on for about 15 minutes every two hours, or it may be turned on from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. during the day. When turning on the lights, do so as uniformly and without variation as possible. By providing uniform lighting, mushrooms can be generated uniformly and stably. As a method for uniform lighting, it is effective to use LEDs. For example, lighting such as an LED (blue, white, etc.) may be set at appropriate times, or when culturing is carried out in a container in a stack, a spacer may be installed between the containers.

The translucency of the container body 10 will be explained in accordance with Example 2.
In principle, in order to induce fruiting body development from the upper surface of the medium in the bottle opening 12 by removing the lid 20 after culturing is completed, if only this area is irradiated with light during the culturing process, it is possible to Irradiation with light during germination seems to be sufficient. If so, the body 11 of the container body 10 excluding the neck 13 may not be translucent. For example, the body 11 may be a black bottle, or the body may be covered with a black base material to shield light.
However, by irradiating light to areas that are not actually the fruiting body generation site, increased mycelial vitality, medium decomposition and decay, and primordium formation, germination, and growth guidance at the fruiting body generation site can proceed more efficiently. is supported by Example 2.
Therefore, the neck 13 and body 11 of the container body 10 need to be translucent.

(Fruit body growth process)
The fruiting body growth step is a step in which the lid 20 is removed from the container body 10, the region where the fruiting body is desired to be generated is opened, and the growth of the fruiting body is encouraged from the region without any special treatment.
After the cultivation process is completed, the lid is removed while the temperature is appropriate for the variety being used. A suitable temperature is often 16-18°C.
At this time, for general container-grown mushrooms, some kind of mushroom-incubating treatment (e.g., scraping the mushrooms, covering with soil, etc.) is performed. This is because it is necessary to induce the formation of mushroom primordia.

In order to adjust the growth of fruiting bodies (number of fruiting bodies, site of occurrence) or suppress the development of amorphous fruiting bodies, at the timing when culturing is completed and the lid body 20 is removed,
a) Drilling at least one hole on the top surface of the medium.
b) A part of the upper surface of the medium is removed together with the hyphae.
c) Applying a stimulus to the cultivation container.
It is conceivable to do at least one of these.
In the hole-drilling process, the inoculation hole and its surroundings that lead to amorphous fruiting bodies with low commercial value, or the area around the container mouth, in the upper surface 31 of the medium where fruiting body primordia are formed after the completion of the culturing process. By making holes, the primordia can be reduced, and as a result, amorphous fruiting bodies can be removed and the number of fruiting bodies can be adjusted. In addition, a fungal scraping process that removes a portion of the mycelium on the top surface portion 31 of the medium is also effective for the same reason.
Furthermore, in the stimulation treatment, by applying stimuli such as blows or vibrations to the cultivation container, it is possible to promote the differentiation of the fruiting body primordia formed after the completion of the cultivation process into fruiting bodies, and as a result, The number of fruiting bodies can be adjusted.

It takes several weeks for mushrooms to grow, but in the case of shiitake mushrooms, the primordium for mushroom development is already prepared on the top surface of the medium when culture is completed, so mushroom growth begins by removing the lid 20. .

(Collection process)
The collection process is a process of collecting mature fruit bodies. After about 7 to 10 days have elapsed during the fruiting body growth process, the mushrooms will grow and can be harvested.
Harvesting can be done in units of cultivation containers, making it easy to standardize the harvesting process and easily employing automatic machines.

Although the basic structural aspects of each step of the method for cultivating shiitake mushrooms in containers according to the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned structural aspects.
For example, in the culture medium production process, an arbitrary part of the medium top surface 31 is covered with a light-transmitting shield, and at the same time as the lid 20 is removed in the fruiting body growth process, the shield is removed from the medium top surface 31. It is also possible to employ means for removing the fruit, and by employing such a configuration, fruiting body germination can be actively induced.

(Example 1)
In this example, the types of containers suitable for cultivation were confirmed.
The composition of the medium is a mixture of broad-leaved sawdust and chips in a volume ratio of 1:1, with the addition of New Weidel for short-term cultivation of shiitake mushrooms (Kitaken Co., Ltd.) as a nutrient at 8% of the finished medium weight, and the moisture content is 60%. After adjustment, the specified amount was filled into a cultivation container and high-pressure sterilization (118° C., 60 minutes) was performed. After cooling, a liquid culture of HS911 (Kitaken Co., Ltd.) was inoculated as a seed and cultured at 20°C for 100 days. Generation was performed at 17°C with the lid removed.
Under the above conditions, the wide-mouthed nameko bottles (Shin-Etsu Nozai 800SB), the blowbins for bunshimeji mushrooms (850), and the two types of blowbins for enoki mushrooms (850SI-65 and 1100) are widely used for mushroom cultivation under the above conditions. -70L) test plots were set up, and the incidence rate (number of containers in which mushrooms emerged/total number of containers), number of mushrooms, fresh weight, and weight of each mushroom were measured (the number and fresh weight were calculated using only the containers in which mushrooms grew).
The results are shown in Table 1.

Ventilation of the lid was performed in the nameko container by entering and exiting the gap between the lid and the container body, and in the case of the shimeji mushroom and enoki mushroom containers, ventilation was performed through a nonwoven fabric filter built into the lid.
Mushroom generation rate (%) (number of containers generated/number of test containers), number of mushrooms generated per container, and fresh weight were higher in the wide-mouth bottle for nameko mushrooms compared to the two types of blowbins for enokitake mushrooms and the blowbins for shimeji mushrooms. became.
In the container cultivation of shiitake mushrooms described in the present specification, in order to uniformly and efficiently generate mushrooms, it is first necessary that the surface on which mushrooms occur, that is, the diameter of the container opening, be large. In addition, in order for Shiitake bacteria to efficiently utilize the culture medium filled in the container, the second requirement is that the difference between the container mouth diameter and the body diameter be small, that is, the ratio of container mouth diameter/container body diameter. (%) is required to be large. Furthermore, in order to efficiently supply the oxygen necessary for the elongation and primordium formation of the shiitake hyphae in the medium, the diameter of the container opening to which oxygen is supplied is large, and the amount of the medium is not excessive (the height of the medium is high). In other words, it is necessary that the container mouth diameter/container height ratio (%) be large.
Based on the above results, it was decided to use a nameko wide-mouth bottle that can satisfy the above three requirements as a standard container system in the following examples. Note that the system used for container cultivation of shiitake mushrooms described in the present specification is not limited to the wide-mouth nameko mushroom bottle as long as it satisfies these three requirements.

(Example 2)
In this example, the light conditions for the mycelial culture process were confirmed.
The method was the same as in Example 1, and the cultivation container used was a wide mouth bottle for nameko mushrooms.
In order to examine the effect of light on the early and late stages of mycelial culture, we investigated the effect of the light irradiation period on the incidence. The dark culture condition was less than 1 lux, and the light culture condition was a light intensity of 5 to 100 lux for 8 hours. In addition, in order to confirm the influence of light on the body 10 (i.e., the part other than the fruiting body generation site), which is the side surface of the medium, a section was also set up on the side of the bottle covered with a black film for 100% light shielding.

As a result, it was found that light irradiation is necessary and that the necessary period is the late stage of mycelial culture, which is the middle and late stage of culture. In other words, in the special variety HS911 used in this example, dark culture is carried out until 3 to 4 weeks after inoculation of the seed when the mycelium spreads throughout the container, which is the early stage of mycelial culture, and the subsequent mycelial culture is carried out in the dark. It was found that light culture with light irradiation is most suitable in the latter stage.
Regarding the light irradiation sites, the incidence rate tended to increase by irradiating not only the medium top surface 31, which is the fruiting body generation site, but also the body 11, which is the side surface of the medium. This means that by irradiating the trunk 11, which is not the area where the fruiting body occurs, in other words, the side part of the medium, the mycelial vitality increases, the medium decomposes and decays, and the formation of primordia at the area where the fruiting body occurs is promoted. It suggests that there is.

(Example 3)
In this example, the shape of the top surface of the culture medium in the culture medium manufacturing process was confirmed.
The method was the same as in Example 1, using a wide mouth bottle for nameko mushrooms as the cultivation container, and under light-shielding conditions during the early stage of culturing mycelium.
The shape of the top surface of the culture medium was set as a control area (flat type), a mountain (manju) type, a mortar type, and a conical type. The weight of each piece was measured (the number and fresh weight were calculated only from the generation container).
The results are shown in Table 3.

Compared to the control plot (flat type), the mountain (manju) type showed an improvement in the incidence, an increase in the number of mushrooms, and a corresponding decrease in fresh weight and individual weight. On the other hand, although there was no significant difference in the incidence of mushrooms between mortar and cone mushrooms, there was a tendency for the number of mushrooms to occur to decrease. From the above, it was found that the state of mushroom growth can be adjusted by changing the shape of the top surface of the medium. From this, it is considered that in actual production, it is sufficient to adopt a culture medium shape according to the purpose.

(Example 4)
In this example, the influence of container height on generation was confirmed.
The method was the same as in Example 1, and the cultivation container used was a wide mouth bottle for nameko mushrooms and a prototype bottle based on it.
Container heights were set for the control area (container height 140 mm) and the test area (120 mm, 100 mm, 70 mm), and the incidence rate (number of containers in which mushrooms occurred/total number of containers), number of mushrooms, fresh weight, and individual weight were measured. (Piece counts and fresh weights were calculated for generation containers only).
The results are shown in Table 4.

Irrespective of the test area, the bottle mouth, head, and body were the same, and were 72 Φ, 20 mm, and 95 Φ, respectively.
Compared to the control plot, no major difference was observed in the mushroom incidence in test plots 1 to 3, but the number of mushrooms produced, fresh weight, and single mushroom weight increased in proportion to the height. From the above results, it was thought that there would be no practical problems within the range of container heights tested this time, but it was judged that Test Groups 1 and 2 were superior from the perspective of medium utilization rate and cost.

(Example 5)
In this example, the influence of the inoculation hole 32 on the development was confirmed.
The method was the same as in Example 1, and the cultivation container used was a wide mouth bottle for nameko mushrooms.

It was found that when there was no inoculation hole, hyphal elongation slowed down, and the incidence, number of fruiting bodies, and fresh weight decreased. On the other hand, mycelial elongation was faster in plants with inoculation holes (one in the center and one in the center + four in the outer edge) than in the case without inoculation holes, especially in the one in the center and four in the outer edge.
No difference was observed in the incidence rate between these two sections, but the number of buds was significantly higher and the size of mushrooms decreased in the 1 center + 4 outer edge sections. In addition, regardless of the ward, when the number of buds increased, amorphous fruiting bodies with low commercial value were observed due to physical interference between fruiting bodies, inoculation holes, and container openings. From the above, it was found that the presence or absence of inoculation holes greatly affects the incidence, and that the number and location of inoculation holes affect the number and size of fruiting body buds. In actual cultivation, it is necessary to set the number and location of inoculation holes in consideration of the desired quality of mushrooms, etc.

(Example 6)
In this example, in the fruiting body growth process, the influence of physical mushroom sprouting treatment upon completion of the culture process was confirmed.
The cultivation method was the same as in Example 1, using a wide mouth bottle for nameko mushrooms as the cultivation container, forming the medium into a flat type, and using light-shielding conditions during the first stage of cultivation.
For physical treatment of mushrooms, control plots were set without (removal of lid only), with (drilling), with (bacteria scraping), and with (hitting the cultivation container once), and (number of mushrooms/total number of containers), number of mushrooms, fresh weight, and weight of each mushroom were measured (number of mushrooms and fresh weight were calculated using only the containers in which they occurred). The results are shown in Table 6.

Compared to the control plot with no treatment (cap body removed only), the mushroom development rate decreased in the treated (drilling) and treated (bacteria scraping) plots due to the loss of fruiting body development sites and fruiting body primordia. , a decrease in the number of mushrooms generated and fresh weight, and a decrease in the number of amorphous fruiting bodies with low commercial value, confirming that the number of fruiting bodies and mushroom quality can be adjusted.
On the other hand, when the cultivation containers were subjected to physical treatments such as blowing, it was observed that the mushroom generation rate improved, the number of mushrooms generated and the fresh weight increased, and the weight of each mushroom decreased accordingly.
From the above, in actual cultivation, it is possible to induce the desired quality of mushrooms by taking into consideration the labor required for these physical treatments.

(Example 7)
In this example, the influence of variety on outbreak was confirmed.
The method was the same as in Example 1, and the incidence rate (number of containers in which mushrooms developed/total number of containers), number of mushrooms, fresh weight, and weight of each mushroom were measured for each variety (number of mushrooms and fresh weight were calculated using only containers in which mushrooms grew).
The control was HS911 (Kitaken Co., Ltd.), which is being used as a standard system for the present invention, and the test plots were Kitaken No. 600 and HS607, which are commonly used in conventional cultivation systems (using bags as cultivation containers). , HS705, HS715, CA901, CA902, HS903, and HS905 (all manufactured by Kitaken Co., Ltd.) were tested. In addition, as shown in claim 8, HS911 has the characteristic that a hyphal mass is formed on the upper surface of the medium (the part exposed at the time of generation) in the late stage of mycelial culture, but a brown coating is difficult to form (test All of the other varieties tested successfully form mycelial masses and brown coatings).
The results are shown in Table 7.

In the control (HS911), where the browning of the developing surface was weak at the time of completion of cultivation, fruiting bodies with commercial value were produced all at once, based on the results of 100% incidence, number of fruiting bodies, fresh weight, and individual weight; The incidence rate was low for all test varieties with good browning on the developing surface. From this, it was considered that the control (HS911) was most suitable for cultivation according to the present invention.

According to the present invention, a cultivation method using containers in all steps can be provided. This allows producers to secure appropriate profits by reducing the enormous amount of labor and cost required by conventional bag cultivation methods. Additionally, consumers can purchase shiitake mushrooms at stable and reasonable prices. The cultivation method of the present invention is mainly aimed at cultivation of shiitake mushrooms.

1 Cultivation container 10 Container main body 11 Body 12 Opening 13 Neck 14 Top end (upper end of container)
20 Lid body 21 Frame portion 22 Top surface portion 23 Vent recess 24 Protrusion 30 Medium 31 Medium top surface portion 32 Inoculation hole

Claims (11)

A cylindrical container body with translucency and shape retention, and an opening on the top surface that can be filled with a certain amount of culture medium, and a translucent and breathable container body that seals the opening on the top surface of the container body. Using a cultivation container equipped with a shape-retaining lid,
a) a culture medium manufacturing step of filling the container body with a sterilized culture medium and sealing it with the lid, or sealing the container body with the lid after filling the medium and performing sterilization;
b) a seed inoculation step of removing the lid and scattering the shiitake mushroom seed on the surface of the medium, and then sealing the container body with the lid again;
c) an early step of culturing mycelia in which the inoculated mycelium is spread in the medium in an oxygen permeable and dark environment;
d) a late step of culturing mycelia that promotes primordium formation in an environment with oxygen permeability and light conditions;
e) Once the formation of the primordium is completed, the lid is removed from the container body, and a fruiting body growth step is performed to promote the growth of the fruiting body;
f) a collection step of collecting the mature fruiting body;
A method for cultivating shiitake mushrooms in a container, characterized by comprising: The container body has a cylindrical shape, a square tube shape, or a polygonal tube shape, and the diameter ratio of the opening to the body is 70% or more, and the diameter of the opening to the height of the container body is 70% or more. The container cultivation method for shiitake mushrooms according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio is 50% or more. 2. The method for cultivating shiitake mushrooms in a container according to claim 1, wherein the container lid does not use a filter and oxygen is supplied and carbon dioxide is discharged only through a gap in a fitting part. The method for cultivating shiitake mushrooms in a container according to claim 1, wherein in the medium manufacturing step, the medium is filled so that the distance between the top of the medium and the top of the container is 5 to 20 mm. 2. In the medium manufacturing step, the top surface of the medium has a flat shape, a trapezoid shape, a bun shape, a conical shape, or a mortar shape, and the difference in height is within 20 mm. How to grow shiitake mushrooms in containers. In the medium manufacturing step, the inoculation hole is at least one of: a) one location in the center of the top surface of the medium, b) multiple locations on the outer edge of the top surface of the medium, and c) multiple locations approximately equidistant from the center of the top surface of the medium. The container cultivation method for shiitake mushrooms according to claim 1, characterized in that the container is opened at one position. 2. The method for cultivating shiitake mushrooms in containers according to claim 1, wherein the early step of culturing mycelium is performed under dark conditions of less than 0.5 lux. 2. The method for cultivating shiitake mushrooms in containers according to claim 1, wherein in the latter stage of culturing mycelium, the light is constantly on or intermittently at a brightness of 100 lux or more. The shiitake mushroom container according to claim 1, wherein the shiitake mushroom seed used in the seed inoculation step is a shiitake mushroom strain that is difficult to form a brown coating in the latter stage of mycelial culture in which a mycelial mass is formed on the surface where fruiting bodies are generated. Cultivation method. In the fruiting body growth step, at the timing when the culture is completed and the lid body is removed,
The method is characterized in that at least one of a) making at least one hole in the upper surface of the medium, b) removing a part of the upper surface of the medium together with mycelium, and c) applying stimulation to the cultivation container is performed. The method for cultivating shiitake mushrooms in containers according to claim 1. The lid body is a fitting type,
The method for cultivating shiitake mushrooms in a container according to claim 3, wherein the gap between the fitting portions is formed by a groove formed in an axial direction on an inner circumference of the lid and a neck of the container. .