CN110089342B

CN110089342B - Net cushion for covering soil of straw mushroom and preparation and use methods thereof

Info

Publication number: CN110089342B
Application number: CN201910345928.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 石建森; 郭尚; 郭明慧; 周伟; 蔡婧
Original assignee: Edible Fungi Research Institute Shanxi Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Edible Fungi Research Institute Shanxi Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2019-04-26
Filing date: 2019-04-26
Publication date: 2021-06-18
Anticipated expiration: 2039-04-26
Also published as: CN110089342A

Abstract

The invention discloses a net pad for covering soil on straw mushroom, which comprises the following components in part by weight: 25-35 parts of straw, 35-45 parts of cow dung, 8-13 parts of rice bran or rice husk, 2-3 parts of lime, 2-3 parts of gypsum, 10-15 parts of plant ash, 1-2 parts of maltodextrin and 0.02-0.05 part of probiotics. The preparation method of the net pad comprises the following steps: (1) crushing straws, then uniformly mixing the crushed straws with cow dung, rice bran or rice hulls, lime, gypsum and probiotics, and stacking and fermenting for 13-16 days; (2) uniformly mixing the fermentation material prepared in the step (1) with plant ash, diluting maltodextrin with water of which the amount is 150 times that of 100-; (3) and (3) flattening and compacting the paste material prepared in the step (2) in a rectangular mould, and then drying to prepare a cushion layer with the thickness of 3-10 mm. The use method of the net pad comprises the following steps: (1) inoculating a straw mushroom substrate, laying a layer of the net cushion on the substrate when the spawn is started to 2/3, and covering a layer of soil layer of 3-5cm on the net cushion; (2) and (5) pouring water until the covering soil layer is thoroughly wetted.

Description

Net cushion for covering soil of straw mushroom and preparation and use methods thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation, in particular to a net pad for covering soil for grassy mushroom and a preparation and use method thereof.

Background

In many edible fungus varieties, the primordium formation of a part of mushrooms needs to be finished by covering soil, namely, the mushrooms can grow only by covering a layer of 3-5cm of soil after the hyphae grow well. These edible fungi include agaricus bisporus, coprinus comatus, Agaricus blazei (Agaricus blazei) and the like, and basically belong to the group of the grassy mushrooms. The principle is not yet clear, and may be caused by physical stimulation of soil or by the action of soil microorganisms. However, it is clear that the water retention and water retention capacity of the soil and the microenvironment in the soil are important for the formation of primordia. After the hyphae of the mushrooms are developed and covered with soil, an important link is to pour large water for fruiting, namely, the covering soil on the hyphae is thoroughly poured with water, so that the fungi cables are forced to form in the soil by the humidity and the anoxic environment in the soil. The mycorrhiza is formed by arranging a large number of hyphae in parallel, has strong capacity of transporting water and nutrition, and can ensure the nutritional requirement of the growth of primordia formed on the surface of soil.

In the production practice, the large water pouring after covering the soil on the straw mushrooms is a key link. Two points of attention must be paid to watering, firstly, the water demand is large, and soil must be thoroughly watered; secondly, the excess water cannot permeate the soil layer and enters the base material layer to cause the atrophy of hypha in the base material, and the phenomenon is technically called as 'fungus withdrawal'. Once this occurs, the formation of primordia is greatly affected, resulting in a reduction in production. Therefore, the pouring of the mushroom water is a very technical important link, and needs abundant production practice experience to be controlled well, which is also a main reason for the frequent failure of the cultivation of the straw mushrooms in the production practice.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a net pad for covering soil for straw mushroom and a preparation and use method thereof.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.

The formula of the net pad for covering soil on the straw mushroom comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of straw, 35-45 parts of cow dung, 8-13 parts of rice bran or rice husk, 2-3 parts of lime, 2-3 parts of gypsum, 10-15 parts of plant ash, 1-2 parts of maltodextrin and 0.02-0.05 part of probiotics.

The preparation method comprises the following steps:

(1) crushing straws, then uniformly mixing the crushed straws with cow dung, rice bran or rice hulls, lime, gypsum and probiotics, and stacking and fermenting for 13-16 days;

(2) uniformly mixing the fermentation material prepared in the step (1) with plant ash, diluting maltodextrin with water of which the amount is 150 times that of 100-;

(3) and (3) flattening and compacting the paste material prepared in the step (2) in a rectangular mould, and then drying to prepare a cushion layer with the thickness of 3-10 mm.

The using method of the invention is as follows:

(1) inoculating a straw mushroom substrate, laying a net pad on the substrate when the spawn is started to 2/3, and covering a soil layer of 3-5cm on the net pad;

(2) and (5) pouring water until the covering soil layer is thoroughly wetted.

The straw, the cow dung, the rice bran or the rice hull, the lime, the gypsum, the plant ash and the probiotics are basic raw materials for cultivating the straw mushrooms, are suitable for hypha growth, can ensure that the hypha is not hindered when passing through the net pad, and can smoothly grow into a soil layer from a substrate below the net pad. The plant ash not only can provide various inorganic elements such as potassium, calcium, phosphorus and the like, but also has strong water absorption and water retention capacity. The adopted dextrin is used as a biological adhesive, so that the raw materials in the formula can be effectively adhered together, and the dextrin can be decomposed by hyphae without any side effect.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the net pad prepared by the formula has strong water absorption and retention capacity. The test proves that the water absorption capacity of the net pad is 3-5 times of that of the conventional soil, therefore, if the soil covering layer is watered slightly more, the net pad can absorb the excessive moisture in the soil covering layer, and the phenomenon that the excessive moisture seeps into the cultivation matrix layer to cause the atrophy of hypha in the base material is avoided; when the covering soil layer is dry, the net pad layer improves the soil humidity of the covering soil layer by releasing the moisture held by the net pad layer, and in the process, the net pad can be continuously expanded and contracted to form a large number of small gaps in the covering soil layer, so that the soil is prevented from hardening, hyphae can be more sufficiently supplied with oxygen, the growth and development of the hyphae are promoted to be more robust, and the conveying capacity is stronger. After the net pad is adopted, the requirements on the technical experience of fruiting are not strict as before, and the management cost is reduced; the net pad of the invention can improve the yield by more than 35% compared with the contrast, and has remarkable economic benefit.

Detailed Description

Example 1

The formula of the invention is as follows: 25 kg of straws, 45 kg of cow dung, 8 kg of rice bran, 3 kg of lime, 2 kg of gypsum, 15 kg of plant ash, 1 kg of maltodextrin and 0.05 kg of commercial probiotics.

The preparation method comprises the following steps:

(1) crushing straws into 2-3cm stem sections, then uniformly mixing the stem sections with cow dung, rice bran or rice husks, lime, gypsum and probiotics, stacking and fermenting for 16 days at a lower temperature and 13 days at a higher temperature;

(2) uniformly mixing the fermented material prepared in the step (1) with plant ash, diluting maltodextrin with 100-time of water, adding the diluted maltodextrin into the mixture, uniformly stirring, and pounding into paste;

The using method of the invention is as follows: inoculating the straw mushroom substrate, laying a net pad on the substrate when the spawn is started to 2/3, covering a soil layer of 3-5cm on the net pad, and pouring water until the soil layer is thoroughly wetted.

Example 2

The formula of the invention is as follows: 35 kg of straw, 35 kg of cow dung, 13 kg of rice hull, 2 kg of lime, 3 kg of gypsum, 10 kg of plant ash, 2 kg of maltodextrin and 0.02 kg of commercial probiotics.

The preparation and use methods are the same as in example 1.

Example 3

The formula of the invention is as follows: 25 kg of straws, 35 kg of cow dung, 8 kg of rice bran or rice husk, 2 kg of lime, 2 kg of gypsum, 10 kg of plant ash, 1 kg of maltodextrin and 0.02 kg of commercial probiotics.

The preparation and use methods are the same as in example 1.

Example 4

The formula of the invention is as follows: 35 kg of straws, 45 kg of cow dung, 13 kg of rice bran or rice husk, 3 kg of lime, 3 kg of gypsum, 15 kg of plant ash, 2 kg of maltodextrin and 0.05 kg of commercial probiotics.

The preparation and use methods are the same as in example 1.

Example 5

The formula of the invention is as follows: 30 kg of straws, 40 kg of cow dung, 10 kg of rice bran or rice husk, 2.5 kg of lime, 2.5 kg of gypsum, 13 kg of plant ash, 1.5 kg of maltodextrin and 0.04 kg of commercial probiotics.

The preparation and use methods are the same as in example 1.

Claims

1. A net pad for covering soil on straw mushroom comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of straw, 35-45 parts of cow dung, 8-13 parts of rice bran or rice husk, 2-3 parts of lime, 2-3 parts of gypsum, 10-15 parts of plant ash, 1-2 parts of maltodextrin and 0.02-0.05 part of probiotics; the preparation method of the net pad for covering the soil for the straw mushroom comprises the following steps: (1) crushing straws, then uniformly mixing the crushed straws with cow dung, rice bran or rice hulls, lime, gypsum and probiotics, and stacking and fermenting for 13-16 days; (2) uniformly mixing the fermentation material prepared in the step (1) with plant ash, diluting maltodextrin with water of which the amount is 150 times that of 100-; (3) spreading and compacting the pasty material prepared in the step (2) in a rectangular mould, and then drying to prepare a cushion layer with the thickness of 3-10 mm; the use method of the net pad for covering the soil on the straw mushroom is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) inoculating a straw mushroom substrate, laying a net pad on the substrate when the spawn is started to 2/3, and covering a soil layer of 3-5cm on the net pad; (2) and (5) pouring water until the covering soil layer is thoroughly wetted.