CN100411700C - 通过动物皮肤输入或抽出物质的微器械和方法 - Google Patents

通过动物皮肤输入或抽出物质的微器械和方法 Download PDF

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CN100411700C
CN100411700C CNB028196910A CN02819691A CN100411700C CN 100411700 C CN100411700 C CN 100411700C CN B028196910 A CNB028196910 A CN B028196910A CN 02819691 A CN02819691 A CN 02819691A CN 100411700 C CN100411700 C CN 100411700C
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R·I·科尼利
R·J·佩笛斯
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    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M37/00Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
    • A61M37/0015Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin by using microneedles
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Abstract

一种通过病员皮肤抽出或输入物质的器械包括主体(12)和皮肤穿入器械(14),后者具有多个诸如微型针的皮肤穿入件。主体具有支承皮肤穿入件的第一内部表面区域(32)和具有用于使器械附着在皮肤上的粘结剂(38)的第二外部表面区域(34)。在一个实施例中,当器械附着在皮肤上时,第一内部表面从第二外部表面向外隔开。内部表面可具有视觉上可以看见的可湿纹理,诸如刻蚀表面,以提供在皮肤穿入件和皮肤之间界面中泄漏的视觉显示。

Description

通过动物皮肤输入或抽出物质的微器械和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及通过病员皮肤输入或抽出物质的微器械和方法,并特别涉及一种对病员皮内输入或抽出诸如药物一类物质的方法和器械。本发明也涉及一种改进微小针阵列穿入的器械。
背景技术
曾经提出过各种器械作为皮内采样和输入诸如药剂和药物一类物质。虽然使用插管的皮下采样和输入方法在许多应用中是有效的,但通常由于插管引起的痛楚促使人们开发一种较少痛楚的输入方法。
皮肤由多层组成,上部复合层为上皮层。皮肤的最外层为角质层,它具有众所周知的屏障性质以防止分子和各种物质进入身体和分解质离开身体。角质层为紧凑的角质化细胞残余的复合结构,具有约20-30微米厚度。角质层形成防水薄膜保护身体被各种物质侵入和各种化合物向外迁移。
角质层的天然不可渗透性可防止大多数药剂和其它物质通过皮肤。曾经建议许多方法和器械改进皮肤的渗透性和增加各种药物扩散通过皮肤以便为身体所利用。按照有些方法和器械,通过皮肤输入药物可由增加皮肤的渗透性或者增加用以导入药物通过皮肤的力量或能量而改进。
其它通过皮肤采样或输入各种物质的方法是形成微孔或者切穿角质层。通过穿入角质层或在角质层内或以下输入药物,许多药物可以有效地给予。在一种相似的方式中,有些物质可以通过在角质层中形成的切口或微孔从身体抽出。穿入角质层的器械通常包括多个微型针或刀片,其长度可穿入角质层而不必完全通过表皮。这些器械的例子在美国专利No.5,879,326(Godshall等);No.5,250,023(Lee等);和WO 92/48440中披露。
上述器械包括微型针或刀片,可以有效地在身体中输入物质或采样。不过这些针和刀片具有几个到几百个微米长度,并且典型地不能对皮肤穿入均匀的深度。因此,当微针阵列压在皮肤上时,最外面的针能穿入皮肤而最内部的针不能穿入皮肤或者只能比最外面的针穿入较小的深度。
结果,过去的皮内采样和输入物质方法和器械呈现明显有限的成功。相应地,在工业中对于在身体中采样和输入物质的器械改进存在持续的需要。
发明内容
提供一种通过病员皮肤进行皮内采样或输入物质的方法和器械。也提供一种通过病员皮肤进行皮内输入和抽出物质器械的制造和装配方法。具体地说,提供一种用作输入诸如药物或疫苗的药剂进入皮肤角质层以下足够深度的方法和器械,使药剂可以被身体吸收和利用。
按照本发明的一个方面,提供一种通过病员皮肤中至少一层在皮内输入或抽出物质的器械,所述器械包括:主体,具有底面、与所述底面隔开的顶面和边缘,所述主体具有低轮廓的外形,所述主体限定纵向地从所述边缘延伸的沟槽,基本上平行于所述底面;皮肤穿入器械,联结到所述底面并与所述沟槽流体连通,所述主体的所述底面具有基本上平坦的第一表面区域和基本上平坦的第二表面区域,第二表面区域围绕第一表面区域布置,其中从所述第一表面区域到所述主体顶面的高度大于从所述第二表面区域到所述主体顶面的高度,而所述皮肤穿入器械布置在所述第一表面区域中,其中,所述底面的所述第一表面区域包括泄漏探测器,用于指示所述物质从所述皮肤穿入器械和所述病员的所述皮肤之间界面的泄漏。
按照本发明的另一个方面,提供一种通过病员皮肤的至少一层在皮内输入或抽出物质的器械,所述器械包括:主体,具有顶面和底面,所述底面具有处于第一平面的第一表面区域和处于第二平面的第二表面区域,所述第二表面区域围绕所述第一表面区域布置,从所述第一表面区域到所述主体顶面的高度大于从所述第二表面区域到所述主体顶面的高度;皮肤穿入器械,从所述底面的所述第一表面区域向外延伸并且其取向成能够穿入所述病员的所述皮肤的表面,其中,所述底面包括泄漏探测器,用于指示所述物质从皮肤穿入器械和所述病员的所述皮肤之间的泄漏。
按照本发明的又一个方面,提供一种通过病员皮肤的至少一层在皮内输入或抽出物质的器械,所述器械包括:主体,具有底面和顶面;至少一件连接于所述主体并从所述底面向外延伸的皮肤穿入件;所述底面具有包围所述至少一件皮肤穿入件的第一表面区域,其中,所述第一表面区域具有泄漏探测器,用于指示与所述底面接触的物质的存在。
按照本发明的还有一个方面,提供一种微型器械的连接体。该连接体包括具有顶面和底面的主体。底面具有第一和第二表面区域。第二表面区域围绕第一表面区域布置,从所述第一表面区域到所述主体顶面的高度大于从所述第二表面区域到所述主体顶面的高度。在底面上的第一表面区域中限定一个凹穴。在主体中限定一个流体沟槽以便流体流入或流出主体,该流体沟槽与凹穴流体连通。并且,该流体沟槽和凹穴通过一开口流体连通,该开口垂直于主体的底面。
在又一实施例中,凹穴与主体和流体沟槽流体连通,并适合于接纳皮肤穿入器械。
本发明的优点和其它突出特征将从下列详细描述中变得明显,这些描述连同附图披露本发明的较佳实施例。
附图说明
以下为附图的简要说明,其中:
图1为按照本发明第一实施例中用于通过病员皮肤采样或输入物质的器械的立体图;
图2为图1中器械的分解立体图;
图3为图1中器械的侧视图,显示从器械的底面延伸的皮肤穿入件;
图4为图1中器械的端视图,如从图3右侧所见显示皮肤穿入件粘结于支承;
图5为支承的底视立体图,显示接纳皮肤穿入器械的支承中的凹穴;
图6为器械的底视图,显示皮肤穿入器械的凹穴和供给物质到皮肤穿入器械的狭槽;
图7为侧面剖面图,显示器械与病员皮肤接触;
图8为联结在支承上的皮肤穿入器械的放大剖面图;
图9为图8中器械的剖面图,显示用粘结剂粘合皮肤穿入器械到支承上;
图10为第二实施例中皮肤穿入器械的部分剖面侧视图;
图11为本发明另一实施例中皮肤穿入器械的部分剖面侧视图;
图12为图1中器械侧视图,显示由器械穿入皮肤;
图13为器械的顶视立体图,显示从输入目标区域的泄漏探测系统。
具体实施方式
提供一种用于或通过病员皮肤采样、监控或输入物质的皮内器械。更具体地说,提供一种采样、监控或输入器械和一种用于采样或给予物质进入或到病员皮肤角质层以下的方法。
如在此所采用,名词“穿入”涉及进入皮肤的一层而不完全通过。“穿透”涉及完全通过皮肤的一层。
按照本发明实施例的器械和方法适合于在给予各种物质,包括药剂,到病员中使用,并特别对人类病员。如在此所采用,药剂包括具有生物活性的物质,它可以通过身体膜和表面输入,特别是皮肤。例子包括抗生素、抗病毒剂、止痛剂、麻醉剂、开胃剂、抗关节炎剂、抗抑郁剂、抗组胺剂、抗发炎剂、抗肿瘤药、疫苗,包括DNA疫苗和诸如此类。其它可以皮内输入病员的物质包括蛋白质、缩氨酸和其段片。蛋白质和缩氨酸可以是天然产生、合成或再结合产生。
该器械和方法也可以用来在身体中抽出物质或监控物质的水平。可以监控或抽出的物质包括血液、间质流体或血浆。抽出的物质然后可以对分析物、葡萄糖、药物等进行分析。
一般,器械包括具有顶面和底面的主体。在主体中设置开口。输入到病员或从病人抽出的物质通过开口。主体的底面接触病员。底面设置一个抬高的区域。至少有一个皮肤穿入件布置在抬高的区域。皮肤穿入件与开口流体连通。在使用时,该器械布置在病员皮肤的目标位置。当该器械固定在病员皮肤时,抬高区域应该有压力保持在皮肤上使穿入件压入皮肤,由此防止泄漏并保证输入或抽出物质到病员的效率。泄漏探测器可以设置在底面以指示器械的泄漏。
参见附图,现在描述本发明一个示范性实施例。显示一种器械10,具有主体12和皮肤穿入器械14。器械10可以作为监控身体中物质水平的监控器械,作为从身体中抽出试样的采样器械,或者对身体输入物质的输入器械。
图1-7阐明本发明一个实施例用于通过病员皮肤输入或抽出物质。器械特别适合于通过人类病员皮肤输入物质或对物质采样,虽然该器械也适合其它动物使用。
器械10制造成为用于穿入病员的真皮到要求的深度。要求穿入的深度通常由输入或抽出物质和目标位置决定。在本发明用于输入药剂的一个实施例中,器械至少设置有一件具有穿入角质层长度的皮肤穿入件,基本上不能穿透在角质层下的真皮。在这样方式下,物质可以在身体中输入、吸收和利用而基本上对于病员无痛楚或不舒服。
参见附图,主体12较佳地具有低的轮廓而可以平放在病员的皮肤上。低轮廓固定在皮肤上可提供舒服并对病员较少妨碍。低轮廓可以通过减少器械的高度达到。在图1中所示实施例中,主体12具有基本上圆盘或其它形状,虽然在其它实施例中主体12可以有其它非圆形或其它形状。如图1所示主体12具有圆形外边缘16、顶面18和底面20。外边缘16较佳地具有倒角或倒圆的表面28。联结件22较佳地与主体12形成整体。顶面18可以基本上是平的。联结件22如图2所示限定一个流体沟槽24。流体沟槽24具有开放的入口26。流体沟槽26的轴线较佳地基本上平行于主体12的平面延伸。在这样方式下,主体12维持基本上平坦而低轮廓的外形。当然,也可能有其它联结件22和流体沟槽24的布置以便在主体中限定开口。
主体12的底面20包括凹穴30。凹穴30适合于接纳皮肤穿入器械14。如图5和7所示,流体沟槽24在入口26和凹穴30之间延伸以便对皮肤穿入器械供应物质或者引导从病员抽出的物质到适当的收集容器。
参见图2和5,底面20包括第一表面区域32,它具有在其中形成的凹穴30以便支承皮肤穿入器械14。在较佳的实施例中,第一表面区域32基本上是平坦的表面并位于底面20的中心。在所阐明的实施例中,凹穴30位于底面20的中心部分并为第一表面区域32所包围。
底面20也包括第二表面区域34。第一表面区域32较佳地径向地向外相对于主体中心线与第二表面区域34隔开。就是说,第一表面区域32相对于第二表面区域34抬高。较佳地,第二表面区域34为基本上平坦的平面而第一表面32处于一个从第二表面区域34的平面向外隔开的平面。在所阐明的实施例中,第二表面区域34邻近第一表面区域32。第二表面区域34可以围绕第一表面区域32并且限定一个连续的环形表面。在一个可替代的实施例中,第二表面区域34可以不连续的并可以形成从第一表面区域32分开的元素。
如图3和4所示,第一表面区域32基本上是平坦的和处于基本上平行于第二表面区域34的平面。在一个可替代方案中,第二表面区域34可以相对于第一表面区域32倾斜以限定基本上截头的锥形。第二表面区域34也可以倾斜成为凸起的曲面或者倾斜成为凹形曲面。
第一表面区域32较佳地通过倾斜表面36连接于第二表面区域34。因此,如上所述,第一表面区域32可以向外地相对于主体12的平面与第二表面区域34隔开。第一表面区域32和第二表面区域34之间的间距取决于下列因素:器械10的总体尺寸,和相对于第一表面区域32的尺寸和皮肤穿入器械14的尺寸的第二表面区域34的宽度。典型地,第一表面区域32从第二表面区域34隔开距离大约为2.0毫米到5.0毫米。较佳地,第一表面区域32从第二表面区域34向外隔开的距离可以使皮肤穿入器械14基本上均匀地穿入皮肤,在以下将更加详细讨论。
第二表面区域34可以包括施加在其上面的粘结剂38。粘结剂38较佳地为对于压力敏感的粘结剂,能够使器械10固定在病员皮肤表面上,如在以下将详细地讨论。在所阐明的实施例中,粘结剂38基本上覆盖第二表面区域整个面积并围绕第一表面区域32。在这样方式下,第二表面区域34可以固定在皮肤表面上并形成环形流体密封圈包围第一表面区域32和皮肤穿入器械14。如上所述,粘结剂38较佳地为一层适当的对于压力敏感的粘结剂,并直接施加于第二表面区域32。在可替代的实施例中,粘结剂38可以是双面胶带,其中一面粘合在第二表面区域上。器械10较佳地用覆盖粘结剂38的可释放纸包装,它可以在使用时立即除去。
较佳地,第二表面区域34的尺寸足够使器械10固定在病员皮肤上,并在物质输入或采样时保持器械在位,但仍容许器械10从皮肤移去而对病员没有不必要的不适之处。第二表面区域34的宽度取决于器械10的尺寸和第一表面区域32和第二表面区域34之间的距离。
在以上讨论的实施例中,第一表面区域32具有平坦的外形并处于从第二表面区域34向外隔开而与其平面平行的平面中。在可替代的实施例中,主体12的底面20具有凸起形状,它形成在第一表面区域32和第二表面区域34之间延伸的基本上连续的曲面。此外,主体12的形状和尺寸可取决于从病员输入或采样的物质、穿入皮肤器械的尺寸和病员皮肤上目标的位置。
主体12较佳地用聚合材料通过注射模塑过程制成并且可制成单独零件。适当的材料包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚酯、聚胺、聚碳酸酯、和其共聚物。在一个较佳实施例中,主体12用弹性聚合材料制成,使主体12足够柔软以符合病员皮肤上目标位置上的轮廓线。相应地,主体12的第一和第二表面区域32、34符合目标位置可提供牢固和舒服的接合。
现在参见图2、5和7,皮肤穿入器械14包括具有至少一个从底座40延伸的皮肤穿入件42的底座40。皮肤穿入件42布置成为由隔开的行和列组成的阵列。在较佳的实施例中,底座40具有基本上平坦的底面44而皮肤穿入件42基本上垂直于底座40。典型地,皮肤穿入件42为空心针,具有携带物质进入或抽出病员皮肤的轴向通路。
如以上所述,在主体12的底面20上设置凹穴30。凹穴30的尺寸应该可以容纳皮肤穿入器械14。如图2和7所示,凹穴30具有底面47并在底面47和皮肤穿入器械14底座40的顶面60之间限定空穴46。凹穴30包括凸缘48,它具有基本上平坦的表面并且沿凹穴30四边延伸以便与皮肤穿入器械14底座的顶面配合。凸缘48较佳地基本上平行于第一表面区域32。凸缘48由基本上垂直延伸于第一表面区域32的侧壁50所限定。侧壁50对于第一表面区域32限定凸缘48的深度。
在图7中显示的实施例中,凸缘48从第一表面区域32由侧壁50隔开的距离基本上相当于皮肤穿入器械14底座40的厚度。在这样方式下,底座40的底面44基本上与第一表面区域32在同一平面中。因此,皮肤穿入件42从第一表面区域32延伸的距离基本上等于其长度。在可替代的实施例中,皮肤穿入器械14可以安装在凹穴30中,使底座40的底面44或者凹陷或者从第一表面区域32向外隔开。
如图8所示,皮肤穿入器械14通过底座在凹穴30中定位而装配在主体上。典型地,底座50的尺寸稍许小于凹穴30的尺寸,以便在凸缘48的侧壁50和底座40的边缘62之间提供微小的空隙。在该空隙中施加粘结剂64。如图9所示,由于粘结剂64的表面张力,粘结剂64然后在凸缘48和底座40的顶面60之间渗入。
现在参见图5-7,空穴46通过开口52与流体沟槽24连通。沟槽24在开口处终结。开口52较佳地具有垂直于主体12平面的纵向轴线并且沿空穴46边缘54布置。如图7所示,空穴46应该具有适当的长度和宽度以便在沟槽24和皮肤穿入件42之间提供流体连通。空穴46应该具有足够的体积容许从皮肤穿入件42输入或抽出的物质通过而尽量减少不流通的空间,以减少输入或抽出物质的浪费。较佳地,器械10具有约5微升或更少的不流通空间。
在所阐明的实施例中,开口52的位置使其可沿皮肤穿入器械14的边缘供应物质,并且在空穴46的一端。在可替代的实施例中,开口52或另一通路可以在皮肤穿入器械上面或其它位置中心定位。
图8阐明皮肤穿入器械14的一个实施例。在此,皮肤穿入件42为具有纵向尺寸的针并具有斜面的针尖56。在针尖56和底座40的顶面60之间有轴向通路58延伸。在该实施例中,皮肤穿入件42与底座40形成整体,虽然它们也可以是分开的元件。
皮肤穿入件42可以任何要求的图案布置在底座上。皮肤穿入件42可以布置成为由均匀地或不均匀地隔开的行和列形成的阵列。皮肤穿入件的数目和间距可按照用途而变化。典型地,皮肤穿入器械具有约10到100个皮肤穿入件,互相隔开距离约0.05毫米到5毫米,视皮肤穿入件的尺寸而定。皮肤穿入件42可以互相均匀地隔开距离并具有均匀的长度。
皮肤穿入器械14和皮肤穿入件42也可以用各种材料制成。皮肤穿入器械14的皮肤穿入件42可以通过适当的硅蚀刻或微加工步骤用硅制成。在另一实施例中,器械14的皮肤穿入件和/或底座用不锈钢、钨钢、和镍、钼、铬、钴及钛的合金制成。可替代地,器械14的皮肤穿入件42和/或底座40可以用陶瓷材料、聚合物或其它非活性材料制成。底座40和皮肤穿入件42可以用互相不同的材料制成。
皮肤穿入件42的长度可选择为达到要求穿入皮肤的深度。皮肤穿入件41的长度和厚度通常根据注入或抽出的物质,以及器械应用位置上皮肤的厚度而决定。一般地说,皮肤穿入件的长度,从底座量到该件的尖端,大约为50微米到4,000微米,并且较佳地约为250微米到1500微米。皮肤穿入件可以是微型针、微型管、实心或空心针和小刀之类。在一个实施例中,皮肤穿入件大约为30号(量规)到50号的针,具有约500微米到1500微米长度。皮肤穿入件可以具有基本上为方形截面的形状。可替代地,皮肤穿入件可以是三角形、圆柱形、金字塔形或扁平刀片形。
皮肤穿入器械14按需要可以有各种尺寸和形状以达到要求的结果。在一个实施例中,皮肤穿入器械14约为1平方毫米到约10平方毫米。在另一实施例中,皮肤穿入器械14可以有约1厘米到约5厘米的宽度和长度。底座40可以有约200微米到400微米的厚度,并典型地约为250微米。
一般地说,当器械用作输入器械时,药剂或药物溶液通过注射器或其他流体分配器械引入身体的开口。在可替代的实施例中,干燥或冻干的药物或药剂设置在皮肤穿入件的外部或内部表面或者在皮肤穿入件的轴向通路中。诸如蒸馏水或盐水溶液之类的稀释液然后注射通过开口和皮肤穿入件的轴向通路以溶解和重组药物或药剂并然后输入药物到病员中。
图10显示皮肤穿入器械66的另一个实施例,它具有底座68和多个皮肤穿入件70。在该实施例中,底座68具有多个在顶面74和底面76之间延伸的孔72。皮肤穿入件70显示为具有轴向通路78的空心针。皮肤穿入件70配合在其各自的孔72中。在另一显示在图11的实施例中,皮肤穿入件80包括多个从底座84延伸的实心针82。在邻近的针之间设置多个孔86以对皮肤的目标区域提供物质。
器械10可以连接到供给管84以便供应输入病员的物质。该连接是通过联结部分22完成的。如在图7中所示,供给管84包括在一端的适当的联结器86以便连接联结部分22。联结器86可以是“luer”型接头或其他螺纹联结器,适合于接受联结部分22。供给管84的另一端可以连接到供给装置88。供给装置88可以是注射器、单元剂量输入装置、适当的计量泵或者在受控制的速率下输送物质到器械10的灌输装置。
现在转向图12,将描述一种通过皮肤输入或抽出物质的方法。器械10定位在病员皮肤90表面的目标位置上。主体12向下被压在皮肤90上,其压力足够促使皮肤穿入件42穿入皮肤层90。穿入深度取决于皮肤穿入件42的长度、皮肤穿入件42之间的间距和主体12的尺寸。主体12应该向下压紧一直到第二表面区域34和粘结剂38接触皮肤90而使主体附着于皮肤90。
如以上所讨论,至少布置一个皮肤穿入件的第一表面区域32向外地从第二表面区域34隔开。病员的皮肤具有弹性本质而抵抗皮肤穿入件的穿入。皮肤典型地被皮肤穿入件42所拉伸,在皮肤穿入件穿入皮肤前皮肤一直张紧。通过使穿入件42向外从第二表面区域34隔开,在第二表面区域34接触皮肤之前可以对皮肤穿入器械14施加穿入压力。通过各皮肤穿入件,这促进皮肤的均匀地穿入。因此,当第二表面区域34附着在皮肤90上时,压力恒定地施加在皮肤穿入件42上。当第二表面区域34附着在皮肤上时,在第一表面区域32和第二表面区域34之间隔开的距离足够使基本上恒定而均匀的压力由皮肤穿入件42施加在皮肤上。较佳地该间距提供足够的穿入压力而不干涉第二表面区域34对皮肤的附着。供应到供给管88的物质然后送入皮肤穿入器械14以便输入病员。在可替代的实施例中,在相似方式下,物质从病员抽出。
在本发明另一实施例中,器械10可以设置泄漏探测器。泄漏探测器可以探测病员皮肤和器械10之间的泄漏。泄漏探测器较佳地提供泄漏的视觉指示。泄漏探测器可以是任何可提供泄漏视觉指示的表面或表面处理,诸如当表面通过器械10接触正在输送或抽出的物质。泄漏探测器的例子阐明在图13中。在此,主体12的第一表面区域32设置有不光滑的表面纹理。这使第一表面区域具有磨砂的外观。不光滑纹理可以用多个微型刮擦或微型纹理建立。第一表面区域32和微型刮擦吸附泄漏物质进入第一表面区域32的裂缝提供容易地可见的区域,其中泄漏物质接触表面,这样就显示泄漏。
例如,如以前所述器械10放在病员的皮肤上,使皮肤穿入件42在目标位置穿入皮肤。主体12较佳地用透明或半透明材料制成,并具有足够清晰度使泄漏探测器通过主体12顶面看得见。从病员输入或抽出的物质通过沟槽24供给到皮肤穿入器械14和皮肤的目标区域。如果在皮肤穿入器械14和皮肤目标区域之间的界面处发生泄漏,漏出的物质被抽入泄漏探测器的裂缝而提供泄漏的视觉显示,如在图13中用标号92所示。可以在第二表面区域34上的主体12周围设置粘结剂38以便包含任何泄漏的物质。
本发明的器械可以与皮肤接触足够长时间以便从病员抽出或输入要求的物质。器械10要求附着的时间长度通常取决于输入或抽出的物质、物质的容积、皮肤上目标区域、穿入的深度和皮肤穿入件的数目及间距。
相应地,提出一种对病员在皮内输入或抽出物质的器械。本发明的器械可用作可丢弃的一次性器械。该器械可以消毒和储藏在适当的消毒包内。较佳地,具有可揭开覆盖层的盖子设置在底面上以保护皮肤穿入器械和粘结层。该可揭开覆盖层使盖子容易地从粘结层分离。该方法和器械可以安全地和容易地用来皮内输入药剂或其它物质。该器械特别适合于在皮内引入疫苗以便有效地输入小剂量疫苗抗原。微型针的长度、宽度和间距取决于正在给予的药剂或需要穿入角质层的最佳深度(对于特定给予药剂而言)而变化。当输入疫苗时,微型针的尺寸适应最佳皮内输入位置以便促进要求的免疫反应。
虽然各种实施例已经选择用来阐明本发明,本行业熟练人士将理解还可以对本发明进行各种附加和改型而不必偏离如权利要求中所限定的范围。例如,器械的主体可以制造成为单独的整体单元。在可替代的实施例中,主体可以用单独模塑分段或零件制成并然后装配在一起。模塑分段可以用粘结剂、焊接或利用机械紧固件装配。此外,可以在器械上设置任何数目的皮肤穿入件及器件。

Claims (30)

1. 一种通过病员皮肤中至少一层在皮内输入或抽出物质的器械,所述器械包括:
主体,具有底面、与所述底面隔开的顶面和边缘,所述主体具有低轮廓的外形,所述主体限定纵向地从所述边缘延伸的沟槽,所述沟槽基本上平行于所述底面;和
皮肤穿入器械,联结到所述底面并与所述沟槽流体连通,
其中,所述主体的所述底面具有基本上平坦的第一表面区域和基本上平坦的第二表面区域,第二表面区域围绕第一表面区域布置,其中从所述第一表面区域到所述主体顶面的高度大于从所述第二表面区域到所述主体顶面的高度,而所述皮肤穿入器械布置在所述第一表面区域中,其特征在于,
所述底面的所述第一表面区域包括泄漏探测器,用于指示所述物质从所述皮肤穿入器械和所述病员的所述皮肤之间界面的泄漏。
2. 如权利要求1所述的器械,其特征在于,所述主体在所述底面限定一个凹穴,所述凹穴尺寸可容纳所述皮肤穿入器械,所述皮肤穿入器械安装在所述凹穴内,并且其中所述沟槽与所述凹穴流体连通以便对所述皮肤穿入器械供给物质。
3. 如权利要求2所述的器械,其特征在于,所述皮肤穿入器械包括底座和多个布置成为阵列并且从所述底座向外延伸的皮肤穿入件。
4. 如权利要求3所述的器械,其特征在于,所述底座具有平坦的底面和所述皮肤穿入器械安装在所述凹穴中,由此所述底座的所述底面基本处于所述主体的所述底面的同一平面中。
5. 如权利要求1所述的器械,其特征在于,所述第二表面区域包围所述第一表面区域,和在所述第二表面区域上设置粘结剂层,以便附着所述器械到所述病员皮肤上。
6. 如权利要求1所述的器械,其特征在于,所述第二表面区域包括粘结剂,以便将所述第二表面区域附着到所述病员的皮肤上,由此所述皮肤穿入器械接触所述皮肤并以足够的压力穿入所述皮肤。
7. 如权利要求1所述的器械,其特征在于,所述主体由弹性塑料材料制成。
8. 如权利要求1所述的器械,其特征在于,所述皮肤穿入器械包括底座和多个在底座上布置成为阵列的皮肤穿入件,所述皮肤穿入件具有50微米到4000微米的长度。
9. 如权利要求1所述的器械,其特征在于,所述泄漏探测器包括在所述第一表面区域的表面纹理,以便在视觉上指示所述第一表面区域与流体的接触。
10. 如权利要求9所述的器械,其特征在于,所述主体是由具有足够透明度的材料制成,以便通过所述主体的所述顶面观察所述泄漏探测器。
11. 一种通过病员皮肤的至少一层在皮内输入或抽出物质的器械,所述器械包括:
主体,具有顶面和底面,所述底面具有处于第一平面的第一表面区域和处于第二平面的第二表面区域,所述第二表面区域围绕所述第一表面区域布置,从所述第一表面区域到所述主体顶面的高度大于从所述第二表面区域到所述主体顶面的高度;和
皮肤穿入器械,从所述底面的所述第一表面区域向外延伸并且其取向成能够穿入所述病员的所述皮肤的表面,其特征在于,
所述底面包括泄漏探测器,用于指示所述物质从皮肤穿入器械和所述病员的所述皮肤之间的泄漏。
12. 如权利要求11所述的器械,其特征在于,所述第二表面区域包围所述第一表面区域。
13. 如权利要求11所述的器械,其特征在于,在所述第二表面区域中布置粘结剂,以便附着所述器械在所述病员的所述皮肤上。
14. 如权利要求13所述的器械,其特征在于,所述第一表面区域与所述第二表面区域隔开一距离,以便当所述第二表面区域附着于所述皮肤时,施加足够压力到所述皮肤促使所述皮肤穿入器械穿入所述皮肤。
15. 如权利要求11所述的器械,其特征在于,所述皮肤穿入器械包括底座和多个布置成为阵列并且从所述底座向外延伸的皮肤穿入件。
16. 如权利要求15所述的器械,其特征在于,所述皮肤穿入件具有50微米到4000微米的长度。
17. 如权利要求11所述的器械,其特征在于,所述泄漏探测器包括在所述第一表面区域上的可见的表面纹理,用于使所述第一表面区域的所述底面与物质的接触可视化,并且其中所述可见的表面纹理通过所述顶面是可见的。
18. 如权利要求17所述的器械,其特征在于,所述可见的表面纹理包括多个在所述底面的所述第一表面区域上的微型刮擦。
19. 如权利要求17所述的器械,其特征在于,所述可见的表面纹理包括在所述底面的所述第一表面区域上的蚀刻表面。
20. 一种通过病员皮肤的至少一层在皮内输入或抽出物质的器械,所述器械包括:
主体,具有底面和顶面;和
至少一件连接于所述主体并从所述底面向外延伸的皮肤穿入件;
所述底面具有包围所述至少一件皮肤穿入件的第一表面区域,其特征在于,
所述第一表面区域具有泄漏探测器,用于指示与所述底面接触的物质的存在。
21. 如权利要求20所述的器械,其特征在于,所述泄漏探测器包括在所述底面的所述第一表面区域上的可见的泄漏指示器。
22. 如权利要求21所述的器械,其特征在于,所述顶面是透明的,使所述可见的泄漏指示器是可见的。
23. 如权利要求21所述的器械,其特征在于,所述可见的泄漏指示器包括在所述第一表面区域的多条微型刮擦。
24. 如权利要求21所述的器械,其特征在于,所述可见的泄漏指示器包括在所述第一表面区域上的蚀刻的表面。
25. 如权利要求21所述的器械,其特征在于,所述可见的泄漏指示器包围所述皮肤穿入件。
26. 一种微型器械连接体,包括:
主体,具有顶面和底面,所述底面具有第一表面区域和第二表面区域,所述第二表面区域围绕第一表面区域布置,从所述第一表面区域到所述主体顶面的高度大于从所述第二表面区域到所述主体顶面的高度;
限定在所述第一表面区域的凹穴;
限定在所述主体的流体沟槽,用于流体流入和流出所述主体,所述流体沟槽与所述凹穴流体连通,其特征在于,
所述流体沟槽和所述凹穴通过一开口流体连通,所述开口垂直于所述主体的底面。
27. 如权利要求26所述的连接体,其特征在于,还包括布置在所述凹穴中的皮肤穿入器械。
28. 如权利要求27所述的连接体,其特征在于,所述第二表面区域包括用于附着所述第二表面区域到所述病员的所述皮肤的粘结剂,由此所述皮肤穿入器械以足够穿入所述皮肤的压力而接触所述皮肤。
29. 如权利要求27所述的连接体,其特征在于,所述第一表面区域与所述第二表面区域隔开一距离,以便施加足够压力到所述皮肤上,当所述第二表面区域附着在所述皮肤上时促使所述皮肤穿入器械穿入所述皮肤。
30. 如权利要求26所述的连接体,其特征在于,所述第二表面区域布置在所述底面的边缘周围。
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