CN100377829C - 重负载管子的锻造焊接 - Google Patents

重负载管子的锻造焊接 Download PDF

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CN100377829C
CN100377829C CNB03816938XA CN03816938A CN100377829C CN 100377829 C CN100377829 C CN 100377829C CN B03816938X A CNB03816938X A CN B03816938XA CN 03816938 A CN03816938 A CN 03816938A CN 100377829 C CN100377829 C CN 100377829C
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J·J·登·布尔
A·T·科尔
K·季米特里亚季斯
D·H·泽斯林格
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K33/00Specially-profiled edge portions of workpieces for making soldering or welding connections; Filling the seams formed thereby
    • B23K33/004Filling of continuous seams
    • B23K33/006Filling of continuous seams for cylindrical workpieces
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K13/00Welding by high-frequency current heating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K13/00Welding by high-frequency current heating
    • B23K13/01Welding by high-frequency current heating by induction heating
    • B23K13/02Seam welding
    • B23K13/025Seam welding for tubes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K13/00Welding by high-frequency current heating
    • B23K13/04Welding by high-frequency current heating by conduction heating
    • B23K13/043Seam welding
    • B23K13/046Seam welding for tubes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K13/00Welding by high-frequency current heating
    • B23K13/06Welding by high-frequency current heating characterised by the shielding of the welding zone against influence of the surrounding atmosphere
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/02Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of a press ; Diffusion bonding
    • B23K20/023Thermo-compression bonding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/14Preventing or minimising gas access, or using protective gases or vacuum during welding

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
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Abstract

重负载油田、钻井或其它管子的连接方法,包括借助锻造焊接连接管子,以及至少在锻造焊接操作的部分阶段中围绕加热的管子末端用一个还原冲洗气体冲洗,从而使氧化物从锻造焊接的管子末端清除,以及在锻造焊接的管子末端之间的氧化物杂质的数量和不规则性受限制。管子末端可以具有一个齿形的非平面形状,以便当管子扭转和/或径向膨胀时阻止在焊接区内壁强度任何突然的改变和/或减少加至锻造焊缝的剪切力。

Description

重负载管子的锻造焊接
技术领域
本发明涉及一个改进的方法,用于重负载管子的锻造焊接,这样获得一个高强度和高质量的焊接连接。
背景技术
高负载管子可以由油田管、钻井管和/或其它管子形成,作为它们在一个不规则的井孔或侵蚀性或海上环境使用的一个结果,它们在使用中经受高的力学和/或热应力。因此,重负载管子可以频繁地经受大的径向的、切向的和/或剪切的应力,它们导致管壁和任何管接头的一个高的弹性的、塑性的和/或伪塑性的变形。重负载管子可以是这样的管子,它们膨胀下孔至一个较大的直径,以及在膨胀过程中塑性地变形,钻管可以长达10千米,以及作为传送至钻头的扭矩以及钻管和不规则的井孔壁或加热器油井套管、蒸气喷射和/或其它加热器管子之间摩擦的一个结果管子周边扭转超过30次。这些管子经受高的热膨胀和在生产作业时可能被周围的地层和/或沉陷的热膨胀挤压。
锻造焊接包括管子末端的周边加热,它们准备连接以及随后压紧管子末端到一起,以形成一个冶金连接。
大量的加热技术可以使用于使管子末端充分加热,从而使能够产生冶金连接。加热技术可以包括电的、电磁的、感应的、红外的、火花的和/或摩擦的加热,或这些方法与其它方法的组合。
当在本说明书中使用时,术语“锻造焊接”有意地包容全部技术,它包括周边地加热管子末端和随后冶金连接加热的管子末端,包括的焊接技术是通常已知的焊接技术,比如扩散焊接、摩擦焊接、火花焊接和/或对接焊接。
US 2,604,569公开了一种对接焊接技术,其中要连接的金属件的端部是有互补的正弦波形,通过沿金属件的纵向加上的低频或直流电加热金属件的端部。
由下列授予Per H.Moe的专利:US 4,566,625;4,736,084;4,669,650和5,721,413可知可能有利的是在锻造焊接操作前和操作中使用一个还原的冲洗气体冲洗管子末端,比如使用氢或一氧化碳,这样使任何氧化皮从加热的管子末端清除,以及获得带有一个极少量不规则性的一个冶金连接。由下列的专利:US 2,719,207和4,728,760,还可知使用非爆炸的混合气体以便进行火花焊接和感应对接焊接,非爆炸混合气体含有约95%体积的一个惰性气体,比如氩、氮和/或氦,以及约5%体积的一个还原气体,比如氢和/或一氧化碳。
实验表明,锻造焊接技术能够在管子末端之间产生高质量的冶金连接,尤其是,在焊接操作时使用一个还原的冲洗气体混合物冲洗管子末端。
本发明的一个目的是提供一个方法,用于重负载井管、油田管和其它管子的锻造焊接,它们能够仅在数分钟内产生一个锻造焊接管子连接,以及它们产生一个焊缝,在其中仅在焊缝区内的管子壁被弱化和/或增强至极小的范围,以及任选地使任何强度改变中的一个逐渐的改变产生在管子的纵向上。
发明内容
按照本发明,提供了一种重负载管子的连接方法,此方法包括:通过锻造焊接来连接管子,至少在锻造焊接操作的部分阶段中在加热的管子末端周围用一还原冲洗气体冲洗,从而将氧化物从锻造焊接的管子末端清除,其中借助于多个电极使高频电流通过管子末端而加热管子末端,其特征在于,所述的管子末端围绕着管子的周边具有相互啮合的规则的正弦波形或齿形,电极压在管子末端的内和/或外表面,邻近齿形和/或正弦波形的末端表面的前端。
最好是使管子末端在周边方向上具有一个互补的齿形的正弦波形,以便在使用重负载管子串联组时减轻加至锻造焊接管子末端的力。相互啮合的齿形或正弦波形末端可以在锻造焊接操作时彼此相对压紧,这时借助在焊接过程中在一个纵向上移动管子末端彼此接近,而管子末端的周边取向控制为这样,使在加热阶段沿着整个周边一个基本上恒定宽度的间隙形成。
非平面形的管子末端最好具有一个规则的相互啮合的正弦波形或齿形,以便当管子组扭转和/或径向膨胀时阻止尤其是作用在锻造焊接接头上的剪切应力,而管子组是在一个空腔,比如一个地下井孔内转动和/或径向地拉伸。
在此种情况下,管子末端的加热可以借助在周边方向上引入一个高频电流通过准备接合的管子末端附近的管子壁,以及其中沿着加热的管子末端的周边存在的冷点可以借助安排一系列的纵向的铁氧体棒围绕管子末端和/或在其内部而减少。
冲洗气体可以是一个基本上惰性气体和一个还原气体的非爆炸混合物,更具体地,冲洗气体含有大于90%体积的一个基本上惰性气体,比如氮、氦或氩,以及大于2%体积的氢。重负载管子组可以是一个套管,在钻孔时套管携带一个钻头,以及在钻孔过程完成之后以一个膨胀的或非膨胀的形状保留在井孔内。
管子也可以在管子膨胀操作之后在下孔内借助锻造焊接连接,其中一个尖矛插入到管子末端区,它随后加热管子末端至一个锻造焊接温度以及压紧它们到一起,至少在锻造焊接操作的一部分时,尖矛冲洗一个还原气体围绕加热的管子末端。
在此种情况下,管子末端可以至少部分地彼此搭接,以及尖矛和其它锻造焊接器件插入内管,用来加热管子末端,把一个还原冲洗气体冲洗进入在搭接的管子末端之间剩余的任何间隙,随后压紧内管的加热的末端的外表面顶住外管的内表面,以借助锻造焊接连接上述的管子末端。
在此种情况下,部分地搭接的管子末端是齿形的或具有一个互补的正弦波形,以便当管子组弯曲、弯缩和/或其它变形时,减少至锻造焊接的膨胀的管子末端的突然应力改变的存在。
附图说明
本发明以实例的方式结合参见附图更详细地说明,附图中:
图1示出两个管子末端,带有互补的齿形末端表面。齿形末端表面能使用于在倾斜方向上对准管子;
图2示出两个管子末端,带有互补的非平面末端表面,在此种情况下这些表面是一个正弦波形;以及
图3示出两个部分地搭接的管子末端,管子的末端表面具有一个正弦波形。
具体实施方式
如图1内所示,相邻的管子1,2的齿形末端3的焊接是沿着相互啮合的非平面齿形末端3的外形长度,这两个末端相对于管子1,2的一个纵轴10转动对称,焊接提供焊缝的一个总长度,大于管子的总周边长度,从而与管子体比较减少了焊缝的加载。
在图2内,两个相邻的管子段4和5的非平面末端6具有在周边方向上的一个正弦波形,它相对于管子段4和5的一个纵轴11转动对称。
图3示出两个管子段7和8是部分地搭接的。内管子末端8设置带有一个非平面转动对称的正弦波端面9,该端面与外管子7接触,而外管子7具有一个非平面转动对称的正弦波端面12,与内管子8接触。管子7和8沿着在非平面端面9和12之间搭接的管子段13的长度焊接到一起,产生一个焊缝长度,该长度比管子的周边的长度大,以及从而与管子体比较减少了焊缝的加载。此外,当管子由于扭转力而扭转和/或弯曲和/或径向地膨胀时,这种形状产生加载的逐渐的转移,从一个管子体传至另一个管子体以及支持在管子的搭接区内应力集中的减轻。

Claims (8)

1.一种重负载管子的连接方法,此方法包括:通过锻造焊接来连接管子,至少在锻造焊接操作的部分阶段中在加热的管子末端周围用一还原冲洗气体冲洗,从而将氧化物从锻造焊接的管子末端清除,其中借助于多个电极使高频电流通过管子末端而加热管子末端,其特征在于,所述的管子末端围绕着管子的周边具有相互啮合的规则的正弦波形或齿形,电极压在管子末端的内和/或外表面上,邻近齿形和/或正弦波形的末端表面的前端。
2.按照权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,冲洗气体是一种惰性气体和一种还原气体的非爆炸混合物。
3.按照权利要求2的方法,其特征在于,所述混合物含有大于90%体积的惰性气体以及大于2%体积的氢。
4.按照权利要求3的方法,其特征在于,所述惰性气体选自氮、氦或氩。
5.按照权利要求1-2中任何一项的方法,其特征在于,重负载管子的串接组是一个套管,在钻孔时套管中携带一个钻头,在钻孔过程完成之后套管以一个膨胀的或非膨胀的形状保留在井孔内。
6.按照权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,通过在周边方向上使一个高频电流通过准备连接的管子末端附近的管子壁而加热所述的管子末端,其中沿着加热的管子末端的周边的冷点的存在可以通过在管子末端外表面周围和/或在管子末端内部安排一系列纵向的铁氧体棒而减少。
7.按照权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,在管子膨胀操作之后在井孔内借助锻造焊接连接管子,将管子末端加热至一个锻造焊接温度并压紧到一起,而一种还原冲洗气体至少在锻造焊接操作的部分阶段中围绕加热的管子末端冲洗。
8.按照权利要求7的方法,其特征在于,所述的管子的末端至少是彼此部分地搭接的,一个锻造焊接器件插入内管,该内管用来加热管子末端,用一个还原的冲洗气体冲洗留在搭接的管子末端之间的任何间隙,该内管随后将内管的已加热的末端的外表面压在外管的内表面上,以借助锻造焊接连接上述的管子末端,并且部分搭接的管子末端的端表面是齿形的或具有一个互补的正弦波形,以减轻加至锻造焊接膨胀的管子末端的力。
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CA2492479A1 (en) 2004-01-22
DE60319546D1 (de) 2008-04-17
EP1531961A1 (en) 2005-05-25
UA82487C2 (uk) 2008-04-25
EA200500217A1 (ru) 2005-06-30
EA006405B1 (ru) 2005-12-29
AU2003246712A1 (en) 2004-02-02
ATE387981T1 (de) 2008-03-15
DE60319546T2 (de) 2009-04-23
WO2004007135A1 (en) 2004-01-22
NO331983B1 (no) 2012-05-21
US20060169752A1 (en) 2006-08-03
DK1531961T3 (da) 2008-06-16
NO20050824L (no) 2005-02-16
EP1531961B1 (en) 2008-03-05
CN1668411A (zh) 2005-09-14

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