CN100340242C - 糖尿病治疗药物 - Google Patents
糖尿病治疗药物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及糖尿病治疗药物，其特征为含有L-阿拉伯糖和蔗糖(蔗糖或含蔗糖的食品和饮料)作为活性成分；改善糖尿病状况的食品或饮料，其特征为含有L-阿拉伯糖和蔗糖(蔗糖或含蔗糖的食品和饮料)作为活性成分；以及L-阿拉伯糖的使用方法，其特征为在摄入蔗糖(蔗糖或含蔗糖的食品和饮料)的同时或之前摄取L-阿拉伯糖来治疗糖尿病。
Description
发明背景
1.发明领域
本发明涉及糖尿病治疗药物，其中利用蔗糖同L-阿拉伯糖的相互作用；涉及改善糖尿病的食品和饮用品；也涉及L-阿拉伯糖治疗糖尿病的用途。
2.相关领域的描述
尽管食物中的糖类绝大部分是淀粉，但是蔗糖作为非常优选的甜味剂也大量摄入。例如在1996年，在日本和美国，人均日消耗蔗糖分别为87g和185g。大量摄入蔗糖会引起高血糖和肥胖。
已知肥胖是非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病(NIDDM)的危险因素。很多糖尿病人患有NIDDM。除了服用胰岛素或服用加速胰岛素分泌的SU物质，可以服用α-葡萄糖苷酶等来治疗NIDDM。前两种药物促进糖分从血液进入细胞，由此降低血糖水平，而后者，酶(葡萄糖苷酶)作用抑制糖分的消化及降解，延迟和/或抑制小肠中对糖分的消化和吸收来抑制糖分由小肠进入血液，由此抑制饭后血糖水平升高。
另一方面，已知L-阿拉伯糖具有抑制蔗糖酶的作用，后者是小肠中的蔗糖降解酶，而且已经意识到利用L-阿拉伯糖的这种作用来部分抑制蔗糖降解并减少蔗糖的能量。例如，在日本公开专利-平成6/65080中公开了在小鼠喂食蔗糖以后30-120分钟内，L-阿拉伯糖具有降低其血糖水平的作用。然而，所公开的只是L-阿拉伯糖的上述抑制蔗糖酶作用，抑制饭后血糖水平曾高的作用和抑制由此引起的体重增加的作用，而且关于以降低血糖水平改善和治疗糖尿病的有效性并没有清楚说明。
本发明针对于本领域当前的如此状况，其目标是提供对糖尿病患者有效的糖尿病治疗药物，利用L-阿拉伯糖导致低血糖效应，提供改善糖尿病状况的食品和饮用品及用L-阿拉伯糖治疗糖尿病的方法。
为实现该目标，本发明人进行了多种研究，最后意外发现：尽管单独使用L-阿拉伯糖，因其蔗糖酶抑制作用对高血糖只显示短暂的抑制作用，但是若以特定比例将L-阿拉伯糖混合蔗糖再喂食小鼠，则小鼠的血糖水平激烈下降且糖尿病状况得到改善和治愈，其中小鼠KK-Ay是实现本发明所用的非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病模型，对其连续施用蔗糖来引起糖尿病。
发明简述
因此，本发明涉及糖尿病治疗药物，其特征为含有效成分：L-阿拉伯糖和蔗糖(例如，砂糖或含砂糖的食品或饮用品用作蔗糖来源)。
本发明进一步涉及用L-阿拉伯糖治疗糖尿病的方法，表征为在摄入蔗糖(例如，砂糖或含砂糖的食品或饮用品用作蔗糖来源)之前或同时摄入L-阿拉伯糖。
附图简述
图1.显示30天饲养阶段内，组A和组B的血糖水平(mg/dl)。
图2.显示30天饲养阶段内，组C和组D的血糖水平(mg/dl)。
发明详述
以下特别说明根据本发明的糖尿病治疗药物和用于改善糖尿病状况的食品或饮用品，但是本发明并非局限于此。
关于本发明所用的L-阿拉伯糖，可以使用由多种已知方法生产的L-阿拉伯糖。例如，可用以高纯度且高效方式生产的，其中将其中含L-阿拉伯糖作为部分多糖组成的植物纤维接触低浓度酸进行酸解，由此生产L-阿拉伯糖，例如日本公开专利-平成11/313700所公开的方法。
本发明所用蔗糖可为化学提纯的蔗糖以及含蔗糖物质作为蔗糖来源，例如砂糖或含砂糖的食品或饮用品。只要含有蔗糖，多种因材料，制造方法，纯度，颜色，加工形式等相区别的砂糖制品中的任何一种都可用于本发明。
根据本发明，糖尿病治疗药物和改善糖尿病的食品或饮用品可以时间间隔分次摄入，只要其可能导致L-阿拉伯糖和蔗糖同时存在于小肠中即可。然而，由于从肠道吸收L-阿拉伯糖较慢且其滞留肠道时间较长，而蔗糖消化快，吸收快，所以对于治疗或改善糖尿病状况，在摄入蔗糖(砂糖或含砂糖食品或饮用品用作蔗糖来源)之前或同时摄入L-阿拉伯糖有效。在根据本发明的糖尿病治疗药物和改善糖尿病的食品或饮用品中，优选L-阿拉伯糖相对蔗糖的重量比为0.5～90％，更优选1～50％。所用L-阿拉伯糖少于上述下限时，联合使用L-阿拉伯糖和蔗糖的效用几乎不显现，因而不优选；而，当其大于上述上限时，因其量的效用不能预料而从经济角度不优选。
除仅使用L-阿拉伯糖和蔗糖以外，根据本发明的糖尿病治疗药物也可以方便的复合其他已知药用载体得到药用制剂。生产这种药用制剂通常将L-阿拉伯糖和蔗糖同药学可接受的液体或固体载体复合，必要时，向其中加入溶剂、分散剂、乳化剂、缓冲剂、稳定剂、填充剂、粘合剂、分解剂、润滑剂等而得到片、粒、稀释粉末、粉末和胶囊形式的固体制剂或者如普通液体、悬浮液和乳液的液体制剂。也可能制成干燥的制剂，可以通过在使用前向其中添加适合的载体而将其制成液体。
根据本发明的糖尿病治疗药物优选为口服制剂，由此可通过联合使用L-阿拉伯糖和蔗糖而有效发挥作用。可以使用的药用载体是，例如淀粉、乳糖、白糖、甘露醇、羧甲基纤维素、玉米淀粉和无机盐。生产口服制剂，也可能进一步复合粘合剂、分解剂、表面活性剂、润滑剂、流动性促进剂、矫味剂、着色剂、香料等。
根据本发明的糖尿病治疗药物的剂量可依据剂型、服用方法、使用对象和施用患者的年龄、体重和症状等适当地决定。尽管不确定，制剂中所含L-阿拉伯糖量通常为成人1mg到10g/kg每天。须知剂量随多种条件变化，某些情况下所用剂量低于上述范围就足够了，而另一些情况下可能必须超过上述范围的剂量。根据本发明的糖尿病治疗药物可添加于任何食品或饮用品中摄入，也可以口服。
尽管根据本发明的改善糖尿病状况的食品或饮用品的生产方法没有特别限制，但可通过例如：烹调、加工或普通生产食品或饮用品的方法生产，只要生产的含有效成分L-阿拉伯糖和蔗糖的食品或饮用品具有改善糖尿病状况的效用即可。根据本发明的改善糖尿病状况的食品或饮用品的形式没有特别限制，只要其中含有，添加和/或稀释了具有改善糖尿病状况效用的L-阿拉伯糖和蔗糖即可，且其包括可口服形式，如片、粒、胶囊、凝胶和溶胶。
在根据本发明的糖尿病治疗药物和改善糖尿病状况的食品或饮用品中联用L-阿拉伯糖和蔗糖对治疗和改善糖尿病有效用的原因还未能清楚说明，但是已知由于肠内同时存在L-阿拉伯糖和蔗糖，大量特定的肠道菌增加并活化，而且那些菌生产一种物质，其通过促进从血液向细胞结合糖而降低血糖水平。
实施例
以下将说明联合使用本发明所用的L-阿拉伯糖和蔗糖治疗或改善糖尿病的效用。
二十个非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病模型小鼠(KK-Ay，雄性，8周龄，Nippon Clair)，其显示高血糖(260～270mg/升)，预先饲养1周，分成两组(组A和组B)用于测试。将每只小鼠单独置于塑料笼中，保持23±1℃，在12小时亮-暗循环(早7点到晚7点亮环境，晚7点到第二天早7点暗环境)下饲养，小鼠自由摄取食物和水。在早9点从眼底静脉丛采血，以葡萄糖氧化酶方法测量血糖水平。
用表1所述饲料A(一种含α-玉米淀粉，蔗糖和纤维素作为碳水化合物源，但不含L-阿拉伯糖的饲料)喂食A组小鼠，而用表1所述饲料B(一种含α-玉米淀粉，蔗糖和纤维素作为碳水化合物源，也含L-阿拉伯糖的饲料)喂食B组小鼠，饲养30天。
表1
饲料组成
| 组成(％重量) | 饲料 | |||
| A | B | C | D | |
| α-玉米淀粉 | 35.85 | 35.85 | 55.85 | 55.85 |
| 蔗糖 | 20 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| L-阿拉伯糖*1 | 0 | 2.5 | 0 | 2.5 |
| 纤维素 | 5.0 | 2.5 | 5.0 | 2.5 |
| 玉米油 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| 矿物质混合物*2 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| 维生素混合物*2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| 氯化胆碱 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 |
| 酪蛋白 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
*1：L-阿拉伯糖(纯度98％)，产自Sanwa Dempun Kogyo K.K.
*2：产自Oriental Yeast K.K.
图1显示饲养30天中A组和B组的血糖水平改变。如图1所示，在A组中如果接受含蔗糖但无L-阿拉伯糖的饲料A，则自第7天起血糖持续上升，而在B组中接受既含蔗糖也含L-阿拉伯糖的饲料B则注意到血糖水平自第7天起持续比A组低，21天以后血糖水平低于实验起始时期，而且从第25天直到第30天，明显注意到血糖水平的持续下降，由此表现改善和治疗糖尿病的作用。
实施例1的结果显示同时施用蔗糖和L-阿拉伯糖的联合效用所表现的改善和治疗血糖水平的作用，但是仅以实施例1的方式，也可能单独添加L-阿拉伯糖具有相同的效果。为清楚说明该可能性，在下述对比实施例1中进行实验，其中饲料不添加蔗糖而添加α-玉米淀粉代替蔗糖。
对比实施例1
同实施例1，用表1所述饲料C(一种含α-玉米淀粉和纤维素作为碳水化合物源，但不含蔗糖或L-阿拉伯糖的饲料)喂食C组小鼠，而用表1所述饲料D(一种含α-玉米淀粉，和纤维素作为碳水化合物源，也含L-阿拉伯糖，但是不含蔗糖的饲料)喂食D组小鼠，饲养30天。
图2显示饲养30天中C组和D组的血糖水平改变。如图2所示，在实验其间C组和D组都血糖持续上升，同实施例1中A组情形一样，因此未见到对血糖水平的改善作用。这说明仅接受L-阿拉伯糖而不添加蔗糖时，血糖水平不发生降低。现在，实施例1和对比实施例1的结果显示同时摄入蔗糖和L-阿拉伯糖混合物可持续降低并改善非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病小鼠模型的高血糖水平，因此说明其为有效的糖尿病治疗药物。
顺便提及，不必总以混合物方式施用蔗糖和L-阿拉伯糖，例如对于蔗糖，可以单独摄入含蔗糖的食品或饮用品。在那种情况下，可以在蔗糖之前或之后摄入L-阿拉伯糖，但是早摄入L-阿拉伯糖更有效。
本发明的优势
根据本发明，通过联合使用蔗糖和L-阿拉伯糖可实现血糖水平的持续下降，且其作为糖尿病治疗药物和作为改善糖尿病状况的食品或饮用品非常有用。
Claims (5)
1.L-阿拉伯糖和蔗糖相联合在制备用于治疗糖尿病的药物中的用途，其中在摄入蔗糖同时或之前摄取L-阿拉伯糖，L-阿拉伯糖相对于蔗糖的比例为0.5～90重量％。
2.根据权利要求1的用途，其特征在于将砂糖或含砂糖的食品或饮用品用作蔗糖来源。
3.根据权利要求1的用途，其特征在于L-阿拉伯糖和蔗糖被制备在同一药物制剂中。
4.根据权利要求1的用途，其特征在于L-阿拉伯糖和蔗糖被制备在分别的药物制剂中，含有L-阿拉伯糖的制剂用于在摄取含蔗糖制剂的同时或之前摄取。
5.根据权利要求1的用途，其特征在于所述药物为口服制剂。
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| JP2000347372A JP5025847B2 (ja) | 2000-11-15 | 2000-11-15 | 糖尿病治療剤 |
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| US20050142270A1 (en) * | 2003-09-22 | 2005-06-30 | Use- Techno Corporation | Functional sweetener |
| JPWO2005027656A1 (ja) * | 2003-09-22 | 2007-11-15 | 株式会社ユース・テクノコーポレーション | 機能性甘味料 |
| US20050096464A1 (en) | 2003-10-30 | 2005-05-05 | Heikki Heikkila | Separation process |
| JP2007074925A (ja) * | 2005-09-12 | 2007-03-29 | Unitika Ltd | アルコール飲料及びその製造方法 |
| JP5094150B2 (ja) * | 2007-02-08 | 2012-12-12 | 三和澱粉工業株式会社 | 血糖値上昇抑制剤 |
| KR101121543B1 (ko) * | 2007-07-04 | 2012-03-06 | 학교법인 선목학원 | 벼과식물로부터 수득되는 전분 또는 식이섬유를 포함하는허혈성 질환 및 퇴행성 뇌질환의 예방 및 치료를 위한조성물 |
| WO2009137966A1 (zh) * | 2008-05-16 | 2009-11-19 | 淮北中润生物能源技术开发有限公司 | 一种蔗糖吸收抑制剂 |
| CN101797007B (zh) * | 2009-12-08 | 2012-07-25 | 济南圣泉唐和唐生物科技有限公司 | 一种抑制起霜的巧克力 |
| CN101803669B (zh) * | 2009-12-08 | 2013-03-06 | 济南圣泉唐和唐生物科技有限公司 | 一种冰淇淋 |
| CN101797008B (zh) * | 2009-12-23 | 2012-09-05 | 济南圣泉唐和唐生物科技有限公司 | 一种抑制发烊和返砂的糖果 |
| CN102648748A (zh) * | 2012-03-08 | 2012-08-29 | 中德瑞生物炼制实验室(厦门)有限公司 | 一种润肠通便食品 |
| JP6735964B2 (ja) * | 2016-04-28 | 2020-08-05 | 株式会社ハートテック | 血糖値上昇抑制の加工食品 |
| CN109770325A (zh) * | 2019-01-16 | 2019-05-21 | 上海苏哥阿糖科技有限公司 | 一种复合糖 |
| CN111772022A (zh) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-10-16 | 唐传生物科技（厦门）有限公司 | 一种低gi健康糖及其制备方法和用途 |
| CN113875871A (zh) * | 2021-10-11 | 2022-01-04 | 唐传生物科技（厦门）有限公司 | 一种健康糖 |
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| JPH07309765A (ja) * | 1994-05-17 | 1995-11-28 | Fujisawa Pharmaceut Co Ltd | 体脂肪蓄積抑制剤 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0560284A1 (en) * | 1992-03-10 | 1993-09-15 | Godo Shusei Co., Ltd. | Prophylactic and remedial preparation for diseases attendant on hyperglycemia, and wholesome food |
| WO1994012057A1 (en) * | 1992-11-25 | 1994-06-09 | Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Diet sweetener |
| JPH0823973A (ja) * | 1994-07-21 | 1996-01-30 | Hokuren Federation Of Agricult Coop:The | α−グルコシダーゼ阻害剤、それを含む糖組成物、甘味料、食品、及び飼料 |
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| JP5025847B2 (ja) | 2012-09-12 |
| DE60119972T2 (de) | 2007-01-25 |
| CA2429117C (en) | 2008-08-26 |
| AU2002210984A1 (en) | 2002-05-27 |
| KR20030070029A (ko) | 2003-08-27 |
| EP1340504A4 (en) | 2005-02-02 |
| JP2002154967A (ja) | 2002-05-28 |
| EP1340504A1 (en) | 2003-09-03 |
| DE60119972D1 (de) | 2006-06-29 |
| CA2429117A1 (en) | 2002-05-23 |
| TWI291351B (en) | 2007-12-21 |
| US20040038910A1 (en) | 2004-02-26 |
| EP1340504B1 (en) | 2006-05-24 |
| ATE326975T1 (de) | 2006-06-15 |
| CN1474699A (zh) | 2004-02-11 |
| WO2002040035A1 (fr) | 2002-05-23 |
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