CA1111371A - Halogen production in electrolytic cell with particulate catalytic electrodes bonded to membrane - Google Patents
Halogen production in electrolytic cell with particulate catalytic electrodes bonded to membraneInfo
- Publication number
- CA1111371A CA1111371A CA315,520A CA315520A CA1111371A CA 1111371 A CA1111371 A CA 1111371A CA 315520 A CA315520 A CA 315520A CA 1111371 A CA1111371 A CA 1111371A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- cathode
- anode
- membrane
- particles
- bonded
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 55
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 46
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001514 alkali metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011530 conductive current collector Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000004379 membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 66
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 38
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 38
- -1 Hydrogen Halides Chemical class 0.000 description 29
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 24
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 24
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 230000028161 membrane depolarization Effects 0.000 description 16
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229960000443 hydrochloric acid Drugs 0.000 description 13
- 235000011167 hydrochloric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 11
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 11
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical group FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002999 depolarising effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 4
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001508 alkali metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000008045 alkali metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxoiridium Chemical compound O=[Ir]=O HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010411 electrocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000457 iridium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002058 ternary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROZSPJBPUVWBHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ru]=O Chemical class [Ru]=O ROZSPJBPUVWBHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003729 cation exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940023913 cation exchange resins Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000039 hydrogen halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012433 hydrogen halide Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000037427 ion transport Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002835 Pt–Ir Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002845 Pt–Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002848 Pt–Ru Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018885 Pt—Au Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018879 Pt—Pd Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical compound C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010960 commercial process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002900 effect on cell Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CJTCBBYSPFAVFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru].[Ir] CJTCBBYSPFAVFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoplatinum Chemical compound [Pt]=O MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001924 platinum group oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003446 platinum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CFQCIHVMOFOCGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru].[Pt] CFQCIHVMOFOCGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HWLDNSXPUQTBOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum-iridium alloy Chemical compound [Ir].[Pt] HWLDNSXPUQTBOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QHGVXILFMXYDRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyraclofos Chemical compound C1=C(OP(=O)(OCC)SCCC)C=NN1C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 QHGVXILFMXYDRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003456 sulfonamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/24—Halogens or compounds thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/34—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis
- C25B1/46—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis in diaphragm cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
- C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US86379877A | 1977-12-23 | 1977-12-23 | |
| US863,798 | 1977-12-23 | ||
| US05/922,289 US4191618A (en) | 1977-12-23 | 1978-07-06 | Production of halogens in an electrolysis cell with catalytic electrodes bonded to an ion transporting membrane and an oxygen depolarized cathode |
| US922,289 | 1978-07-06 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1111371A true CA1111371A (en) | 1981-10-27 |
Family
ID=27127778
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA315,520A Expired CA1111371A (en) | 1977-12-23 | 1978-10-31 | Halogen production in electrolytic cell with particulate catalytic electrodes bonded to membrane |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4191618A (en, 2012) |
| JP (1) | JPS54107493A (en, 2012) |
| AR (1) | AR220360A1 (en, 2012) |
| AU (1) | AU517692B2 (en, 2012) |
| CA (1) | CA1111371A (en, 2012) |
| DE (2) | DE2847955C2 (en, 2012) |
| ES (1) | ES476226A1 (en, 2012) |
| FR (1) | FR2412624A1 (en, 2012) |
| GB (1) | GB2010908B (en, 2012) |
| IT (1) | IT1102334B (en, 2012) |
| NL (1) | NL7812308A (en, 2012) |
| SE (1) | SE7813275L (en, 2012) |
Families Citing this family (154)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2007260B (en) * | 1977-09-22 | 1982-02-24 | Kanegafuchi Chemical Ind | Method of electrolysis of alkai metal chloride |
| SE415039B (sv) * | 1978-03-02 | 1980-09-01 | Lindstroem Ab Olle | Elektrolysor for elektrolys av saltlosningar |
| US4317704A (en) * | 1978-03-02 | 1982-03-02 | The Dow Chemical Company | Method of operating an electrolytic cell |
| IT1118243B (it) * | 1978-07-27 | 1986-02-24 | Elche Ltd | Cella di elettrolisi monopolare |
| US4173524A (en) * | 1978-09-14 | 1979-11-06 | Ionics Inc. | Chlor-alkali electrolysis cell |
| US4339314A (en) * | 1979-02-23 | 1982-07-13 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Solid polymer electrolyte and method of electrolyzing brine |
| US4280883A (en) * | 1979-02-23 | 1981-07-28 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Method of operating a solid polymer electrolyte chlor-alkali cell |
| US4370209A (en) * | 1979-02-23 | 1983-01-25 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Electrolytic process including recovery and condensation of high pressure chlorine gas |
| US4312738A (en) * | 1979-02-23 | 1982-01-26 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Cathode electrocatalysts for solid polymer electrolyte chlor-alkali cells |
| US4323435A (en) * | 1979-02-23 | 1982-04-06 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Method of operating a solid polymer electrolyte chlor-alkali cell |
| US4253922A (en) * | 1979-02-23 | 1981-03-03 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Cathode electrocatalysts for solid polymer electrolyte chlor-alkali cells |
| US4329209A (en) * | 1979-02-23 | 1982-05-11 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Process using an oxidant depolarized solid polymer electrolyte chlor-alkali cell |
| US4272337A (en) * | 1979-02-23 | 1981-06-09 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Solid polymer electrolyte chlor-alkali electrolysis cell |
| JPS55138086A (en) * | 1979-04-10 | 1980-10-28 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Preparation of hydrogen |
| JPS55148777A (en) * | 1979-05-04 | 1980-11-19 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Manufacture of caustic alkali |
| JPS55161081A (en) * | 1979-06-01 | 1980-12-15 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Electrolytic cell |
| GB2051870B (en) * | 1979-06-07 | 1983-04-20 | Asahi Chemical Ind | Method for electrolysis of aqueous alkali metal chloride solution |
| IT1122699B (it) * | 1979-08-03 | 1986-04-23 | Oronzio De Nora Impianti | Collettore elettrico resiliente e cella elettrochimica ad elettrolita solido comprendente lo stesso |
| US4340452A (en) * | 1979-08-03 | 1982-07-20 | Oronzio deNora Elettrochimici S.p.A. | Novel electrolysis cell |
| US4315805A (en) * | 1979-11-08 | 1982-02-16 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Solid polymer electrolyte chlor-alkali process |
| US4364815A (en) * | 1979-11-08 | 1982-12-21 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Solid polymer electrolyte chlor-alkali process and electrolytic cell |
| US4342629A (en) * | 1979-11-08 | 1982-08-03 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Solid polymer electrolyte chlor-alkali process |
| AU535261B2 (en) * | 1979-11-27 | 1984-03-08 | Asahi Glass Company Limited | Ion exchange membrane cell |
| JPS56163287A (en) * | 1980-05-20 | 1981-12-15 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Electrolytic cell |
| US4364813A (en) * | 1979-12-19 | 1982-12-21 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Solid polymer electrolyte cell and electrode for same |
| JPS5693883A (en) * | 1979-12-27 | 1981-07-29 | Permelec Electrode Ltd | Electrolytic apparatus using solid polymer electrolyte diaphragm and preparation thereof |
| US4369103A (en) * | 1980-02-11 | 1983-01-18 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Solid polymer electrolyte cell |
| IT1130955B (it) * | 1980-03-11 | 1986-06-18 | Oronzio De Nora Impianti | Procedimento per la formazione di elettroci sulle superficie di membrane semipermeabili e sistemi elettrodo-membrana cosi' prodotti |
| US4293394A (en) * | 1980-03-31 | 1981-10-06 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Electrolytically producing chlorine using a solid polymer electrolyte-cathode unit |
| US4426271A (en) | 1980-04-15 | 1984-01-17 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Homogeneous cation exchange membrane having a multi-layer structure |
| US4311569A (en) * | 1980-04-21 | 1982-01-19 | General Electric Company | Device for evolution of oxygen with ternary electrocatalysts containing valve metals |
| US4457824A (en) * | 1982-06-28 | 1984-07-03 | General Electric Company | Method and device for evolution of oxygen with ternary electrocatalysts containing valve metals |
| US4707229A (en) * | 1980-04-21 | 1987-11-17 | United Technologies Corporation | Method for evolution of oxygen with ternary electrocatalysts containing valve metals |
| US4360416A (en) * | 1980-05-02 | 1982-11-23 | General Electric Company | Anode catalysts for electrolysis of brine |
| US4294671A (en) * | 1980-05-14 | 1981-10-13 | General Electric Company | High temperature and low feed acid concentration operation of HCl electrolyzer having unitary membrane electrode structure |
| US4345986A (en) * | 1980-06-02 | 1982-08-24 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Cathode element for solid polymer electrolyte |
| JPS6016518B2 (ja) * | 1980-07-31 | 1985-04-25 | 旭硝子株式会社 | イオン交換膜電解槽 |
| US4533455A (en) * | 1980-10-14 | 1985-08-06 | Oronzio De Nora Impianti Elettrochimici S.P.A. | Bipolar separator plate for electrochemical cells |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2681884A (en) * | 1950-02-03 | 1954-06-22 | Diamond Alkali Co | Brine electrolysis |
| US3134697A (en) * | 1959-11-03 | 1964-05-26 | Gen Electric | Fuel cell |
| GB1004124A (en) * | 1961-09-25 | 1965-09-08 | Gen Electric | Fuel cell |
| NL299669A (en, 2012) * | 1962-10-24 | |||
| US3528858A (en) * | 1968-12-04 | 1970-09-15 | Gen Electric | Sulfonated aryl-substituted polyphenylene ether ion exchange membranes |
| US3809630A (en) * | 1970-06-20 | 1974-05-07 | Oronzio De Nora Impianti | Electrolysis cell with permeable valve metal anode and diaphragms on both the anode and cathode |
| GB1380418A (en) * | 1971-01-27 | 1975-01-15 | Electric Power Storage Ltd | Electrolysis of chloride solutions |
| BE790369A (fr) * | 1971-10-21 | 1973-04-20 | Diamond Shamrock Corp | Procede et appareil pour la preparation d'hydroxydes de metaux alcalins de haute purete dans une cuve electrolytique. |
| US4035254A (en) * | 1973-05-18 | 1977-07-12 | Gerhard Gritzner | Operation of a cation exchange membrane electrolytic cell for producing chlorine including feeding an oxidizing gas having a regulated moisture content to the cathode |
| US4039409A (en) * | 1975-12-04 | 1977-08-02 | General Electric Company | Method for gas generation utilizing platinum metal electrocatalyst containing 5 to 60% ruthenium |
| US4086149A (en) * | 1976-08-04 | 1978-04-25 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Cathode electrocatalyst |
| DE2741956A1 (de) * | 1976-09-20 | 1978-03-23 | Gen Electric | Elektrolyse von natriumsulfat unter verwendung einer ionenaustauschermembranzelle mit festelektrolyt |
| DE2802257C2 (de) * | 1977-01-21 | 1986-01-02 | Studiecentrum voor Kernenergie, S.C.K., Brüssel/Bruxelles | Membran für eine elektrochemische Zelle und ihre Verwendung in einer Elektrolysevorrichtung |
-
1978
- 1978-07-06 US US05/922,289 patent/US4191618A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1978-10-31 CA CA315,520A patent/CA1111371A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-11-04 DE DE2847955A patent/DE2847955C2/de not_active Expired
- 1978-11-04 DE DE2857799A patent/DE2857799C2/de not_active Expired
- 1978-11-10 GB GB7844003A patent/GB2010908B/en not_active Expired
- 1978-12-18 AR AR274848A patent/AR220360A1/es active
- 1978-12-19 NL NL7812308A patent/NL7812308A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1978-12-20 IT IT31044/78A patent/IT1102334B/it active
- 1978-12-21 ES ES476226A patent/ES476226A1/es not_active Expired
- 1978-12-22 AU AU42860/78A patent/AU517692B2/en not_active Expired
- 1978-12-22 FR FR7836253A patent/FR2412624A1/fr active Granted
- 1978-12-22 SE SE7813275A patent/SE7813275L/xx unknown
- 1978-12-22 JP JP15768978A patent/JPS54107493A/ja active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AR220360A1 (es) | 1980-10-31 |
| FR2412624B1 (en, 2012) | 1983-03-11 |
| ES476226A1 (es) | 1979-11-16 |
| GB2010908A (en) | 1979-07-04 |
| FR2412624A1 (fr) | 1979-07-20 |
| DE2857799C2 (de) | 1984-02-02 |
| SE7813275L (sv) | 1979-06-24 |
| DE2847955A1 (de) | 1979-06-28 |
| DE2857799A1 (en, 2012) | 1982-09-23 |
| DE2847955C2 (de) | 1982-12-30 |
| AU4286078A (en) | 1979-06-28 |
| JPS616155B2 (en, 2012) | 1986-02-24 |
| US4191618A (en) | 1980-03-04 |
| NL7812308A (nl) | 1979-06-26 |
| IT7831044A0 (it) | 1978-12-20 |
| IT1102334B (it) | 1985-10-07 |
| GB2010908B (en) | 1982-05-26 |
| JPS54107493A (en) | 1979-08-23 |
| AU517692B2 (en) | 1981-08-20 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |