CA1050833A - Optical fiber fabrication involving homogeneous reaction within a moving hot zone - Google Patents
Optical fiber fabrication involving homogeneous reaction within a moving hot zoneInfo
- Publication number
- CA1050833A CA1050833A CA219,629A CA219629A CA1050833A CA 1050833 A CA1050833 A CA 1050833A CA 219629 A CA219629 A CA 219629A CA 1050833 A CA1050833 A CA 1050833A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- hot zone
- glass
- temperature
- deposit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 61
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007496 glass forming Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008246 gaseous mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- QHGIKMVOLGCZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium dichloride Chemical class Cl[Ge]Cl QHGIKMVOLGCZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000005350 fused silica glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium dioxide Chemical group O=[Ge]=O YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000005284 oxidic glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001429 visible spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1N1CCN(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)CC1 VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000272470 Circus Species 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001163743 Perlodes Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 diborane Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012681 fiber drawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000078 germane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036647 reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011369 resultant mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005049 silicon tetrachloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEXRMSFAVATTJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachlorogermane Chemical compound Cl[Ge](Cl)(Cl)Cl IEXRMSFAVATTJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroborane Chemical compound ClB(Cl)Cl FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
- C03B37/014—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments made entirely or partially by chemical means, e.g. vapour phase deposition of bulk porous glass either by outside vapour deposition [OVD], or by outside vapour phase oxidation [OVPO] or by vapour axial deposition [VAD]
- C03B37/018—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments made entirely or partially by chemical means, e.g. vapour phase deposition of bulk porous glass either by outside vapour deposition [OVD], or by outside vapour phase oxidation [OVPO] or by vapour axial deposition [VAD] by glass deposition on a glass substrate, e.g. by inside-, modified-, plasma-, or plasma modified- chemical vapour deposition [ICVD, MCVD, PCVD, PMCVD], i.e. by thin layer coating on the inside or outside of a glass tube or on a glass rod
- C03B37/01861—Means for changing or stabilising the diameter or form of tubes or rods
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
- C03B37/014—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments made entirely or partially by chemical means, e.g. vapour phase deposition of bulk porous glass either by outside vapour deposition [OVD], or by outside vapour phase oxidation [OVPO] or by vapour axial deposition [VAD]
- C03B37/018—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments made entirely or partially by chemical means, e.g. vapour phase deposition of bulk porous glass either by outside vapour deposition [OVD], or by outside vapour phase oxidation [OVPO] or by vapour axial deposition [VAD] by glass deposition on a glass substrate, e.g. by inside-, modified-, plasma-, or plasma modified- chemical vapour deposition [ICVD, MCVD, PCVD, PMCVD], i.e. by thin layer coating on the inside or outside of a glass tube or on a glass rod
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture, Treatment Of Glass Fibers (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US44470574A | 1974-02-22 | 1974-02-22 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1050833A true CA1050833A (en) | 1979-03-20 |
Family
ID=23766003
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA219,629A Expired CA1050833A (en) | 1974-02-22 | 1975-02-07 | Optical fiber fabrication involving homogeneous reaction within a moving hot zone |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5522423B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| CA (1) | CA1050833A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| DE (1) | DE2507340B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| FR (1) | FR2261992B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| GB (1) | GB1500530A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| NL (1) | NL165720C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Families Citing this family (34)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4360250A (en) * | 1974-05-31 | 1982-11-23 | National Research Development Corp. | Optical waveguides |
| JPS5156642A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1974-11-13 | 1976-05-18 | Sumitomo Electric Industries | |
| DE2538313C3 (de) * | 1975-08-28 | 1981-11-05 | Heraeus Quarzschmelze Gmbh, 6450 Hanau | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Vorproduktes für die Erzeugung eines optischen, selbstfokussierenden Lichtleiters |
| US4339173A (en) * | 1975-09-08 | 1982-07-13 | Corning Glass Works | Optical waveguide containing P2 O5 and GeO2 |
| DE2546162B1 (de) * | 1975-10-15 | 1976-09-23 | Jenaer Glaswerk Schott & Gen | Lichtleitfaser mit Brechungsindexgradient zur Nachrichtenuebertragung |
| AU504423B2 (en) * | 1975-11-14 | 1979-10-11 | International Standard Electric Corporation | Optical fibre |
| JPS5621777Y2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1976-02-04 | 1981-05-22 | ||
| DE2614183C3 (de) * | 1976-04-02 | 1981-11-12 | Jenaer Glaswerk Schott & Gen., 6500 Mainz | Lichtleitfaser mit Gradientenprofil des Brechungsindex, niedrigen Übertragungsverlusten, hoher Übertragungskapazität und großer Aperatur bei Verwnedung von GeO↓2↓ |
| JPS5838367B2 (ja) * | 1976-04-24 | 1983-08-23 | 株式会社フジクラ | 光伝送用フアイバの製造方法 |
| JPS5838368B2 (ja) * | 1976-05-15 | 1983-08-23 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 光フアイバの製造方法 |
| JPS52153750A (en) * | 1976-06-17 | 1977-12-21 | Fujitsu Ltd | Production of optical transmission wire |
| GB1586119A (en) * | 1976-07-05 | 1981-03-18 | Fujitsu Ltd | Method of producing an optical fibre preform |
| DE2642949C3 (de) * | 1976-09-24 | 1980-11-20 | Philips Patentverwaltung Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg | Verfahren zur Herstellung von innenbeschichteten Glasrohren zum Ziehen von Lichtleitfasern |
| US4111525A (en) * | 1976-10-12 | 1978-09-05 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Silica based optical fiber waveguide using phosphorus pentoxide and germanium dioxide |
| JPS5395649A (en) * | 1977-02-02 | 1978-08-22 | Hitachi Ltd | Production of optical fiber |
| CA1080562A (en) * | 1977-02-10 | 1980-07-01 | Frederick D. King | Method of and apparatus for manufacturing an optical fibre with plasma activated deposition in a tube |
| GB1602052A (en) * | 1977-06-20 | 1981-11-04 | Int Standard Electric Corp | Optical fibre manufacture |
| DE2814380C3 (de) * | 1978-04-04 | 1982-07-08 | Schott Glaswerke, 6500 Mainz | Verfahren zur Herstellung optischer Glasfasern aus einem kollabierten Kieselglasrohr |
| US4229070A (en) * | 1978-07-31 | 1980-10-21 | Corning Glass Works | High bandwidth optical waveguide having B2 O3 free core and method of fabrication |
| US4230396A (en) * | 1978-07-31 | 1980-10-28 | Corning Glass Works | High bandwidth optical waveguides and method of fabrication |
| CA1139621A (en) * | 1979-01-05 | 1983-01-18 | Matthew J. Andrejco | Optical fiber fabrication process |
| US4257797A (en) | 1979-01-05 | 1981-03-24 | Western Electric | Optical fiber fabrication process |
| JPS55104941A (en) * | 1979-02-06 | 1980-08-11 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Production of preform for optical fiber |
| DE2929166A1 (de) * | 1979-07-19 | 1981-01-29 | Philips Patentverwaltung | Verfahren zur herstellung von lichtleitfasern |
| US4292422A (en) * | 1979-12-03 | 1981-09-29 | Dow Corning Corporation | Oxygen-curable mercapto-functional organosilicon-organic compound compositions catalyzed by metal carbonyl compounds and method of forming higher molecular weight products therefrom |
| US4425146A (en) * | 1979-12-17 | 1984-01-10 | Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Public Corporation | Method of making glass waveguide for optical circuit |
| GB2071644B (en) * | 1980-02-22 | 1984-03-14 | Sumitomo Electric Industries | Radiation resistant optical fibres and a process for the production thereof |
| US4298364A (en) * | 1980-03-17 | 1981-11-03 | Corning Glass Works | Method of making optical fibers having improved core roundness |
| DE3133013A1 (de) * | 1980-08-26 | 1982-04-08 | Western Electric Co., Inc., 10038 New York, N.Y. | "verfahren zum herstellen eines lichtleiterfaserrohlings" |
| FR2543455B1 (fr) * | 1983-03-30 | 1987-03-27 | Air Liquide | Procede d'opalisation de la surface interieure d'objets de grande longueur par rapport a leur section |
| DE3335126A1 (de) * | 1983-09-28 | 1985-04-11 | Wacker-Chemitronic Gesellschaft für Elektronik-Grundstoffe mbH, 8263 Burghausen | Verfahren zur chemischen gasphasenabscheidung oxidischer partikel |
| JPH04135612U (ja) * | 1991-06-11 | 1992-12-17 | ナシヨナル住宅産業株式会社 | 外壁パネル接合構造 |
| KR0153835B1 (ko) * | 1995-11-07 | 1998-11-16 | 김광호 | 매끄러운 환상고리 굴절율 프로파일을 갖는 분산이동광섬유의 제조방법 |
| US6769275B2 (en) * | 2002-03-15 | 2004-08-03 | Fibercore, Inc. | Method for making optical fiber preform using simultaneous inside and outside deposition |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3737293A (en) * | 1972-01-03 | 1973-06-05 | Corning Glass Works | Method of forming an economic optical waveguide fiber |
| JPS4886918A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1972-02-22 | 1973-11-16 | ||
| GB1427327A (en) * | 1972-06-08 | 1976-03-10 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Glass optical fibres |
| DE2463097C2 (de) * | 1973-08-21 | 1984-05-24 | International Standard Electric Corp., New York, N.Y. | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Glasfaser-Lichtleitern |
| JPS59454B2 (ja) * | 1973-09-22 | 1984-01-06 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 光伝送用ファイバ母材の製造方法 |
-
1975
- 1975-02-07 CA CA219,629A patent/CA1050833A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-02-19 GB GB709275A patent/GB1500530A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-02-20 DE DE19752507340 patent/DE2507340B2/de not_active Ceased
- 1975-02-20 NL NL7502017A patent/NL165720C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-02-21 FR FR7505480A patent/FR2261992B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1975-02-22 JP JP2147175A patent/JPS5522423B2/ja not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5522423B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1980-06-17 |
| NL7502017A (nl) | 1975-08-26 |
| DE2507340A1 (de) | 1975-08-28 |
| NL165720B (nl) | 1980-12-15 |
| GB1500530A (en) | 1978-02-08 |
| DE2507340B2 (de) | 1979-03-01 |
| FR2261992A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1975-09-19 |
| JPS50120352A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1975-09-20 |
| NL165720C (nl) | 1984-02-16 |
| FR2261992B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1980-01-04 |
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