AU2020103062A4 - A Pond Poly-aquiculture Method for Increasing the Yield of Marsupenaeus japonicas - Google Patents
A Pond Poly-aquiculture Method for Increasing the Yield of Marsupenaeus japonicas Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 241000927586 Marsupenaeus Species 0.000 title description 3
- 241001262617 Japonica Species 0.000 title description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 123
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 241001061103 Monocentris japonicus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 241001533364 Portunus trituberculatus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidochlorine(.) Chemical compound O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- CPKVUHPKYQGHMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one;molecular iodine Chemical compound II.C=CN1CCCC1=O CPKVUHPKYQGHMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920000153 Povidone-iodine Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 229960001621 povidone-iodine Drugs 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004155 Chlorine dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000019398 chlorine dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- ILCGOAVZOBXTIE-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sodium sulfonatooxy sulfate Chemical compound S(=O)(=O)([O-])OOS(=O)(=O)[O-].[K+].[Na+] ILCGOAVZOBXTIE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 241001672739 Artemia salina Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 23
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000009344 polyculture Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000238421 Arthropoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238555 Malacostraca Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001124325 Marsupenaeus japonicus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238550 Penaeidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238147 Portunidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000010868 animal carcass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a pond poly-aquiculture method for increasing the yield of M.
japonicas, belonging to the technical field of aquaculture. The above method includes: step 1:
selection and treatment of pond; step 2: selection and placement of shrimp seed; step 3:
selection of crab larva; step 4: daily water quality management; step 5: feeding management;
step 6: timely fishing. To sum up, this application discloses the poly-aquiculture mode of M.
japonicas and Portunus trituberculatus. In the polyculture process of M. japonicas and Portunus
trituberculatus, Portunus trituberculatus will feed on the carcass of M. japonicas, which can
effectively prevent the further spread of shrimp disease; The breeding procedure is scientific
and reasonable, and can effectively improve the yield and survival rate of M. japonicas. Both
jointly promote the economic benefit.
Description
A Pond Poly-aquiculture Method for Increasing the Yield of Marsupenaeus japonicas
The invention relates to the pond poly-culture technology of M. japonicas, and in particular discloses a pond poly-aquiculture culture method for increasing the yield of M. japonicas.
M. japonicas, formerly known as Penaeus japonicus, belongs to the Decapoda, Penaeidae, Marsupenaeus, which is distributed in the Indian-western Pacific tropics, east coast of Africa, Malaysia, Japan, Korea, southeast coast of China and other sea areas. It is one of the main breeding species of prawns in China. The M. japonicas grows fast, is xerophytic and resistant to dew, it also has bright color and high economic value, which makes it very popular in aquatic product market and breeders. The aquaculture spreads the coastal provinces and cities from the south to the north of China, and forms a certain scale effect. At present, the main culture of M. japonicas is pond culture, while the yield is low, making it difficult to meet the current market demand, and a new pond culture model is needed to change the situation.
Portunus trituberculatus,commonly known as the swimming crab, gun crab, and sea crab, belongs to Arthropoda, Malacostraca, Decapoda, Portunidae. It is widely distributed in the coastal areas of China, with fast growth, high yield, good meat, strong environmental adaptability and other advantages, and has become an important marine economic crab in China. P. trituberculatusis the omnivorous animal that feeds on shellfish, fresh fish, small shrimp, etc., and also feeds on algae shoots, marine animal carcasses and rot aquatic plants.
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a more effective pond poly-aquiculture technique of M. japonicas and P. trituberculatus, which can increase the yield of M. japonicas, increase the economic benefit, and can also increase certain economic benefit of P. trituberculatusat the same time
. To solve the above technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
The invention provides a pond poly-aquiculture method for increasing the yield of M. japonicas, which comprises:
Step 1: Selection and treatment of pond: Select the pond bottom with sand and mud, and carry out dredging. After exposure for several days, pour quick lime to the bottom of the pond and then take in a certain amount of seawater. Then pour chlorine dioxide with certain concentration for disinfection, drying for half a month, and pour amino acid fertilizer into the water to fertilize water;
Step 2: Selection and placement of shrimp seed: Select healthy and active shrimp seed with body length of 0.5-0.8 cm; Place the seed for 4 times from the end of April to the end of July. Each placement density is 45,000-60,000 shrimp/hm2 ;
Step 3: Selection of crab larva: Select crab larva with weight of 0.05-0.07 g. Place the seed in mid May, with the density of 22,500-30,000 crab/hm2 ;
Step 4: Daily water quality management: It is appropriate to maintain the water
transparency at 30-50cm. Every 10-15 days, pour povidone iodine solution to the pond for disinfection treatment, and use potassium sodium monopersulfate to improve the bottom environment of the pond; and drain away water in time intervals;
Step 5: Feeding management: Before the shrimp body reaches the length of 3-4 cm and crab reaches the weight of 10-15 g, feed fresh or chilled Artemia salina or minced fillet around the pond. The daily feeding is 15-20% of the shrimp weight; After the shrimp body reaches the length of 4 cm, feed small miscellaneous fish. The daily feeding is 7-10% of shrimp weight; Before the crab reaches the weight of 70 g, feed small miscellaneous fish, with daily feeding of 12-15% of its weight. After the crab reaches the weight of 80 g, feed with 5-10% of its weight at night;
Step 6: Timely fishing: The M. japonicas could be caught at the body length of
9-10 cm and the weight of 7-8 g with the cage at nigh that prevents the P. trituberculatus from entering. The crab could be caught with the cage in the early November at the weight of 170-250 g.
Further, in step 1, the dredging is carried out from late March to early April, the amount of quick lime is 1125-1500 kg/hm2 , and 0.8-1 m seawater is poured into the pond; The amount of chlorine dioxide is 10 ppm, and the amount of amino acid fertilizer is 0.8-1 ppm.
Further, in step 2, the shrimp seed should have transparent body, no dirt attached, full orange-red stomach, strong swimming ability against water, and orderly specifications; The first batch of shrimp seed should be placed at the end of April, the second batch at the end of May, the third batch at the end of June, and the fourth batch at the end of July.
Further, in step 4, the polyvidone iodine solution is 0.03-0.05 ppm and the potassium sodium monopersulfate is 0.12-0.15 ppm; The pond is mainly based on water intake from May to June. When the deepest position of the pond fails to reach 1.5 m, take in water every 5-10 days. The water intake is 8-10% of the total water content of the pond; When the deepest part of the pond is more than 1.5 m, the water intake and drainage can be carried out at the same time.
Further, in step 4, drainage is carried out in specific time intervals: From May to June, the water intake and drainage is carried out once every 5-10 days, and the water exchange is 5-10% of the total water of the pond; In July, the water intake and drainage is carried out once every 2-3 days, and the water exchange is 10-15% of the total water of the pond; From August to September, the water intake and drainage is carried out once every 1-2 days, and the water exchange is 10-15% of the total water of the pond; From October to November, the water intake and drainage is carried out once every 10-15 days, and the water exchange is 5-10% of the total water of the pond;
Further, in step 5, when the shrimp and crab are small in the early stage, the fed miscellaneous fish is minced by the machine into small pieces with the width of about 0.5 cm; The shrimp crab is fed twice which is at 18: 00 and 24: 00 respectively, and the feeding ratio is 4:6.
Further, in step 5, in the course of feeding management, a certain amount of immune polysaccharides and Wuhuang powder are added to the diet every 15 days for 3-5 days in a row to improve the immunity of shrimp and crab;
The dosage of immune polysaccharide is 4-6 g/kg, and the dosage of Wuhuang powder is 0.25-0.3 g/kg. When the temperature is below 10 °C, stop feeding the crab
. Further, in step 6, the first batch of shrimp is harvested at the end of June; the second batch of shrimp is harvested in mid-to-late July; the third batch of shrimp is harvested in mid-to-late August; and the fourth batch of shrimp is harvested in mid to-late September.
Further, in step 2, before the shrimp seed are put into the pond, the salinity difference with the that of the nursery pond should be not more than 3 %o, the temperature difference not more than 2 °C, and the shrimp seed are placed at the upwind site.
Further, in steps 2 and 5, the seawater is filtered with the 60-80 mesh sieve at the water inlet.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
The invention discloses a poly-aquiculture mode of M. japonicas and P. trituberculatus , which provides the shrimp and crab with specific nutrient with placement and feeding in different intervals, and periodically disinfects the culture pond; Meanwhile, in the polyculture process of M. japonicas and P. trituberculatus,P. trituberculatuswill feed on the carcass of M. japonicas, which can effectively prevent the further spread of shrimp disease; The breeding procedure is scientific and reasonable, and can effectively improve the yield and survival rate of M. japonicas. Both jointly promote the economic benefit.
In order to provide a clearer picture of the technical problems to be solved, technical schemes and advantages of the invention, the specific embodiments are described in detail in the following, but the invention is by no means limited to these embodiments. The following are only good embodiments of the invention and are only used to explain the invention and are not thereby construed as limiting the scope of this patent of invention. It should be noted that any modification, substitution, improvement, etc. based on the spirit and principle of the invention shall be included in the scope of protection of the invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of this invention patent shall be subject to the claims attached hereto.
Except for special instructions, the components used in the invention are all commercially available products.
The invention provides a pond poly-aquiculture method for increasing the yield of M. japonicas, and the specific implementation method is as follows.
EMBODIMENT 1
A pond poly-aquiculture method for increasing the yield of M. japonicas, including:
(1) Selection and treatment of pond: The pond with 40 acres of sand and mud bottom was selected. From late March to early April, after dredging and several days of exposure, the pond bottom was poured with quick lime, of which the amount was 1125 kg/hm 2, then 1 m of seawater was injected into the pond, and then a certain concentration of chlorine dioxide was poured into the water, of which the amount was ppm ( Manufacturer: Pingdingshan Tongkun Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Model: Water quality improver chlorine dioxide powder). After drying for half a month, the amino acid fertilizer was poured into the water (Manufacturer: Jiangsu
Haorun Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Model: super strong zaorun II), the dosage of the amino acid fertilizer was 1 ppm, so the water was fertilized.
(2) Selection and placement of shrimp seed: Select healthy and active shrimp seed with body length of 0.5-0.8 cm; Place the seed for 4 times from the end of April to the end of July. Each placement density was 45,000 shrimp/hm2 . Before the shrimp seed were put into the pond, the salinity difference with the that of the nursery pond should be not more than 3 %o, while the temperature difference not more than 2 °C, otherwise the shrimp seed should not be placed into the pond until slow seeding process was completed, and the shrimp seed were placed at the upwind site;
Among that, the shrimp seed should have transparent body, no dirt attached, full orange-red stomach, strong swimming ability against water, and orderly specifications; The first batch of shrimp seed should be placed at the end of April, the second batch at the end of May, the third batch at the end of June, and the fourth batch at the end of July.
(3) Selection of crab larva: Select crab larva with weight of 0.05-0.07 g. Place the seed in mid May, with the density of 22, 5000 crab/hm 2
. (4) Daily water quality management: It is appropriate to maintain the water transparency at 30-50 cm. Every 10 days, pour povidone iodine solution to the pond for disinfection treatment. The povidone iodine solution is 0.03 ppm (Manufacturer: Weifang Yonghe Pharmacy Co., Ltd. Type: povidone iodine solution). Use potassium sodium monopersulfate to improve the bottom environment of the pond, and the potassium sodium monopersulfate was of 0.15 ppm (Manufacturer: Jiangsu Haorun Biological Technology Co., Ltd. Type: Fudi II); From May to June, the water intake and drainage was carried out once every 5 days, and the water exchange was 5% of the total water of the pond; In July, the water intake and drainage was carried out once every 3 days, and the water exchange was 10% of the total water of the pond; From August to September, the water intake and drainage was carried out once every 2 days, and the water exchange was 10% of the total water of the pond; From October to November, the water intake and drainage was carried out once every 15 days, and the water exchange was 5% of the total water of the pond. The pond was mainly based on water intake from May to June. When the deepest position of the pond failed to reach 1.5 m, take in water every 5 days. The water intake was 8% of the total water content of the pond; When the deepest part of the pond was more than 1.5 m, the water intake and drainage could be carried out at the same time.
(5) Feeding management: Before the shrimp body reached the length of 3-4 cm and crab reached the weight of 10-15 g, feed fresh or chilled Artemia salina or minced fillet around the pond. The daily feeding was 15% of the shrimp weight; After the shrimp body reached the length of 4 cm, feed small miscellaneous fish. The daily feeding was 7% of shrimp weight; Before the crab reached the weight of 70-80g, feed small miscellaneous fish, with daily feeding of 12% of its weight. After the crab reached the weight of 80g, feed with 5% of its weight at night; A certain amount of immune polysaccharides and Wuhuang powder were added to the diet every 15 days for 3 days in a row to improve the immunity of shrimp and crab.
Among them, when the shrimp and crab were small in the early stage, the fed miscellaneous fish was minced by the machine into small pieces with the width of about 0.5 cm; The shrimp crab was fed twice which is at 18: 00 and 24: 00 respectively, and the feeding ratio was 4:6. The dosage of the immune polysaccharides and Wuhuang powder was 4 g/kg and 0.25 g/kg separately (Manufacturer: Ruzhou Zhongyu Biological Technology Co., Ltd. Type: VC-immune polysaccharides; Manufacturer: Hubin Yuyue Aquatic Pharmacy Co., Ltd. Type: Wuhuang powder). By adding appropriate adhesion agent, the medicine could attach to the bait more easily, and the absorption of the shrimp and crab was more sufficient; When the temperature was below 10 °C, stop feeding the crab.
(6) Timely fishing: The M. japonicas could be caught at the body length of 9-10 cm and the weight of 7-8 g with the cage at nigh that prevents the P. trituberculatus from entering. The crab could be caught with the cage in the early November at the weight of 200-250 g.
Preferably, in the steps (1) and (4), the seawater was filtered with the 60-80 mesh sieve at the water inlet.
In this embodiment, the first batch of shrimp was harvested at the end of June with the survival rate of 76.2% and the price of 70-80 yuan/kg;
The second batch of shrimp was harvested in mid-to-late July with the survival rate of 65.7% and the price of 140-160 yuan/kg; The third batch of shrimp was harvested in mid-to-late August with the survival rate of 65.6% and the price of 140 160 yuan/kg; The fourth batch of shrimp was harvested in mid-to-late September with the survival rate of 48.7% and the price of 140-180 yuan/kg; The survival rate of P. trituberculatuswas 24.3% with the price of 100-140 yuan/kg.
EMBODIMENT 2
A pond poly-aquiculture method for increasing the yield of M. japonicas, including:
(1) Selection and treatment of pond: The pond with 40 acres of sand and mud bottom was selected. From late March to early April, after dredging and several days of exposure, the pond bottom was poured with quick lime, of which the amount was 1500 kg/hm2, then 1 m of seawater was injected into the pond, and then a certain concentration of chlorine dioxide was poured into the water, of which the amount was ppm ( Manufacturer: Pingdingshan Tongkun Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Model: Water quality improver chlorine dioxide powder). After drying for half a month, the amino acid fertilizer was poured into the water (Manufacturer: Jiangsu Haorun Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Model: super strong zaorun II), the dosage of the amino acid fertilizer was 1 ppm, so the water was fertilized.
(2) Selection and placement of shrimp seed: Select healthy and active shrimp seed with body length of 0.5-0.8 cm; Place the seed for 4 times from the end of April to the end of July. Each placement density was 60,000 shrimp/hm 2 . Before the shrimp seed were put into the pond, the salinity difference with the that of the nursery pond should be not more than 3 %o, while the temperature difference not more than 2 °C, otherwise the shrimp seed should not be placed into the pond until slow seeding process was completed, and the shrimp seed were placed at the upwind site;
Among that, the shrimp seed should have transparent body, no dirt attached, full orange-red stomach, strong swimming ability against water, and orderly specifications; The first batch of shrimp seed should be placed at the end of April, the second batch at the end of May, the third batch at the end of June, and the fourth batch at the end of July.
(3) Selection of crab larva: Select crab larva with weight of 0.05-0.07 g. Place the seed in mid May, with the density of 30,000 crab/hm 2 .
(4) Daily water quality management: It is appropriate to maintain the water transparency at 30-50 cm. Every 15 days, pour povidone iodine solution to the pond for disinfection treatment. The povidone iodine solution is 0.05 ppm (Manufacturer: Weifang Yonghe Pharmacy Co., Ltd. Type: povidone iodine solution). Use potassium sodium monopersulfate to improve the bottom environment of the pond, and the potassium sodium monopersulfate was of 0.15 ppm (Manufacturer: Jiangsu Haorun Biological Technology Co., Ltd. Type: Fudi II); From May to June, the water intake and drainage was carried out once every 10 days, and the water exchange was 10% of the total water of the pond; In July, the water intake and drainage was carried out once every 2 days, and the water exchange was 15% of the total water of the pond; From August to September, the water intake and drainage was carried out once every day, and the water exchange was 15% of the total water of the pond; From October to November, the water intake and drainage was carried out once every 10 days, and the water exchange was 10% of the total water of the pond. The pond was mainly based on water intake from May to June. When the deepest position of the pond failed to reach 1.5 m, take in water every 10 days. The water intake was 10% of the total water content of the pond; When the deepest part of the pond was more than 1.5 m, the water intake and drainage could be carried out at the same time.
(5) Feeding management: Before the shrimp body reached the length of 3-4 cm and crab reached the weight of 10-15 g, feed fresh or chilled Artemia salina or minced fillet around the pond. The daily feeding was 20% of the shrimp weight; After the shrimp body reached the length of 4 cm, feed small miscellaneous fish. The daily feeding was 10% of shrimp weight; Before the crab reached the weight of 70-80, feed small miscellaneous fish, with daily feeding of 15% of its weight. After the crab reached the weight of 80 g, feed with 10% of its weight at night; A certain amount of immune polysaccharides and Wuhuang powder were added to the diet every 15 days for 5 days in a row to improve the immunity of shrimp and crab.
Among them, when the shrimp and crab were small in the early stage, the fed miscellaneous fish was minced by the machine into small pieces with the width of about 0.5 cm; The shrimp crab was fed twice which is at 18:00 and 24:00 respectively, and the feeding ratio was 4:6. The dosage of the immune polysaccharides and Wuhuang powder was 6 g/kg and 0.3 g/kg separately (Manufacturer: Ruzhou Zhongyu Biological Technology Co., Ltd. Type: VC-immune polysaccharides; Manufacturer: Hubin Yuyue Aquatic Pharmacy Co., Ltd. Type: Wuhuang powder). By adding appropriate adhesion agent, the medicine could attach to the bait more easily, and the absorption of the shrimp and crab was more sufficient; When the temperature was below 10 °C, stop feeding the crab.
(6) Timely fishing: The M. japonicas could be caught at the body length of 9-10 cm and the weight of 7-8 g with the cage at nigh that prevents the P. trituberculatus from entering. The crab could be caught with the cage in the early November at the weight of 170-230 g.
Preferably, in the steps (1) and (4), the seawater was filtered with the 60-80 mesh sieve at the water inlet.
In this embodiment, the first batch of shrimp was harvested at the end of June with the survival rate of 73.4% and the price of 70-80 yuan/kg.
The second batch of shrimp was harvested in mid-to-late July with the survival rate of 68.2% and the price of 140-160 yuan/kg; The third batch of shrimp was harvested in mid-to-late August with the survival rate of 67.8% and the price of 140 160 yuan/kg; The fourth batch of shrimp was harvested in mid-to-late September with the survival rate of 43.6% and the price of 140-180 yuan/kg; The survival rate of P. trituberculatuswas 25.1% with the price of 100-140 yuan/kg.
EMBODIMENT 3
A pond poly-aquiculture method for increasing the yield of M. japonicas, including:
(1) Selection and treatment of pond: The pond with 80 acres of sand and mud bottom was selected. From late March to early April, after dredging and several days of exposure, the pond bottom was poured with quick lime, of which the amount was 1350 kg/hm2, then 0.9 m of seawater was injected into the pond, and then a certain concentration of chlorine dioxide was poured into the water, of which the amount was ppm ( Manufacturer: Pingdingshan Tongkun Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Model: Water quality improver chlorine dioxide powder). After drying for half a month, the amino acid fertilizer was poured into the water (Manufacturer: Jiangsu Haorun Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Model: super strong zaorun II), the dosage of the amino acid fertilizer was 0.9 ppm, so the water was fertilized.
(2) Selection and placement of shrimp seed: Select healthy and active shrimp seed with body length of 0.5-0.8 cm; Place the seed for 4 times from the end of April to the end of July. Each placement density was 50,000 shrimp/hm2 . Before the shrimp seed were put into the pond, the salinity difference with the that of the nursery pond should be not more than 3%o, while the temperature difference not more than 2 °C, otherwise the shrimp seed should not be placed into the pond until slow seeding process was completed, and the shrimp seed were placed at the upwind site;
Among that, the shrimp seed should have transparent body, no dirt attached, full orange-red stomach, strong swimming ability against water, and orderly specifications; The first batch of shrimp seed should be placed at the end of April, the second batch at the end of May, the third batch at the end of June, and the fourth batch at the end of July.
(3) Selection of crab larva: Select crab larva with weight of 0.05-0.07 g. Place the seed in mid May, with the density of 28,000 crab/hm 2
. (4) Daily water quality management: It is appropriate to maintain the water transparency at 30-50 cm. Every 12 days, pour povidone iodine solution to the pond for disinfection treatment. The povidone iodine solution is 0.04 ppm (Manufacturer: Weifang Yonghe Pharmacy Co., Ltd. Type: povidone iodine solution). Use potassium sodium monopersulfate to improve the bottom environment of the pond, and the potassium sodium monopersulfate was of 0.14 ppm (Manufacturer: Jiangsu Haorun Biological Technology Co., Ltd. Type: Fudi II); From May to June, the water intake and drainage was carried out once every 8 days, and the water exchange was 9% of the total water of the pond; In July, the water intake and drainage was carried out once every 3 days, and the water exchange was 12% of the total water of the pond; From August to September, the water intake and drainage was carried out once every day, and the water exchange was 13% of the total water of the pond; From October to November, the water intake and drainage was carried out once every 14 days, and the water exchange was 9% of the total water of the pond. The pond was mainly based on water intake from May to June. When the deepest position of the pond failed to reach 1.5 m, take in water every 5 days. The water intake was 10% of the total water content of the pond; When the deepest part of the pond was more than 1.5 m, the water intake and drainage could be carried out at the same time.
(5) Feeding management: Before the shrimp body reached the length of 3-4 cm and crab reached the weight of 10-15 g, feed fresh or chilled Artemia salina or minced fillet around the pond. The daily feeding was 18% of the shrimp weight; After the shrimp body reached the length of 4 cm, feed small miscellaneous fish. The daily feeding was 8% of shrimp weight; Before the crab reached the weight of 70-80g, feed small miscellaneous fish, with daily feeding of 13% of its weight. After the crab reached the weight of 80 g, feed with 7% of its weight at night; A certain amount of immune polysaccharides and Wuhuang powder were added to the diet every 15 days for 4 days in a row to improve the immunity of shrimp and crab.
Among them, when the shrimp and crab were small in the early stage, the fed miscellaneous fish was minced by the machine into small pieces with the width of about 0.5 cm; The shrimp crab was fed twice which is at 18: 00 and 24: 00 respectively, and the feeding ratio was 4 : 6. The dosage of the immune polysaccharides and Wuhuang powder was 5 g/kg and 0.28 g/kg separately (Manufacturer: Ruzhou Zhongyu Biological Technology Co., Ltd. Type: VC-immune polysaccharides; Manufacturer: Hubin Yuyue Aquatic Pharmacy Co., Ltd. Type: Wuhuang powder). By adding appropriate adhesion agent, the medicine could attach to the bait more easily, and the absorption of the shrimp and crab was more sufficient; When the temperature was below 10 °C, stop feeding the crab.
(6) Timely fishing: The M. japonicas could be caught at the body length of 9-10 cm and the weight of 7-8 g with the cage at nigh that prevents the P. trituberculatus from entering. The crab could be caught with the cage in the early November at the weight of 170g-250g.
Preferably, in the steps (1) and (4), he seawater was filtered with the 60-80 mesh sieve at the water inlet.
In this embodiment, the first batch of shrimp was harvested at the end of June with the survival rate of 77.4% and the price of 70-80 yuan/kg;
The second batch of shrimp was harvested in mid-to-late July with the survival rate of 65.9% and the price of 140-160 yuan/kg; The third batch of shrimp was harvested in mid-to-late August with the survival rate of 67.4% and the price of 140 160 yuan/kg; The fourth batch of shrimp was harvested in mid-to-late September with the survival rate of 49.2% and the price of 140-180 yuan/kg; The survival rate of P.
trituberculatuswas 25.4% with the price of 100-140 yuan/kg.
According to Embodiment 3, when the M. japonicas was fed alone, the survival rate of the first batch of shrimp was 69.5%, the survival rate of the second batch of shrimp was 61.4%, the survival rate of the third batch of shrimp was 63.6%, and the survival rate of the fourth batch of shrimp was 42.8%. The survival rate was lower than that of the poly-culture mode, and the economic benefit was low.
To sum up, this application discloses the poly-aquiculture mode of M. japonicas and P. trituberculatus. In the polyculture process of M. japonicas and P. trituberculatus,P. trituberculatuswill feed on the carcass of M. japonicas, which can effectively prevent the further spread of shrimp disease; The breeding procedure is scientific and reasonable, and can effectively improve the yield and survival rate of M. japonicas. Both jointly promote the economic benefit.
The above mentioned are the preferred implementation of the invention, and it should be noted that for ordinary technical personnel in this technical field, various improvements and embellishments may be made without violating the principles stated in the invention, and such improvements and embellishments shall also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A Pond poly-aquiculture method for increasing the yield of M. japonicas, which is characterized in that it includes:
Step 1: Selection and treatment of pond: Select the pond bottom with sand and mud, and carry out dredging. After exposure for several days, pour quick lime to the bottom of the pond and then take in a certain amount of seawater. Then pour chlorine dioxide with certain concentration for disinfection, drying for half a month, and pour amino acid fertilizer into the water to fertilize water;
Step 2: Selection and placement shrimp seed: Select healthy and active shrimp seed with body length of 0.5-0.8 cm; Place the seed for 4 times from the end of April to the end of July. Each placement density is 45,000-60,000 shrimp/hm 2
Step 3: Selection of crab larva: Select crab larva with weight of 0.05-0.07 g. Place the seed in mid May, with the density of 22,500-30,000 crab/hm 2
Step 4: Daily water quality management: It is appropriate to maintain the water transparency at 30-50 cm. Every 10-15 days, pour povidone iodine solution to the pond for disinfection treatment, and use potassium sodium monopersulfate to improve the bottom environment of the pond; and drain away water in time intervals;
Step 5: Feeding management: Before the shrimp body reaches the length of 3-4 cm and crab reaches the weight of 10-15 g, feed fresh or chilled Artemia salina or minced fillet around the pond. The daily feeding is 15-20% of the shrimp weight; After the shrimp body reaches the length of 4 cm, feed small miscellaneous fish. The daily feeding is 7-10% of shrimp weight; Before the crab reaches the weight of 70-80 g, feed small miscellaneous fish, with daily feeding of 12-15% of its weight. After the crab reaches the weight of 80 g, feed with 5-10% of its weight at night;
Step 6: Timely fishing: The M. japonicas could be caught at the body length of 9-10 cm and the weight of 7-8 g with the cage at night that prevents the P. trituberculatus from entering. The crab could be caught with the cage in the early November at the weight of 170-250 g.
2. The pond poly-aquiculture method for increasing the yield of M. japonicas, as described in Claim 1, is characterized in that in step 1, the dredging is carried out from late March to early April, the amount of quick lime is 1125-1500 kg/hm 2, and 0.8-1 m seawater is poured into the pond; The amount of chlorine dioxide is 10 ppm, and the amount of amino acid fertilizer is 0.8-1 ppm.
3. The pond poly-aquiculture method for increasing the yield of M. japonicas, as described in Claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 2, the shrimp seed should have transparent body, no dirt attached, full orange-red stomach, strong swimming ability against water, and orderly specifications; The first batch of shrimp seed should be placed at the end of April, the second batch at the end of May, the third batch at the end of June, and the fourth batch at the end of July.
4. The pond poly-aquiculture method for increasing the yield of M. japonicas, as described in Claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 4, the polyvidone iodine solution is 0.03-0.05 ppm and the potassium sodium monopersulfate is 0.12-0.15 ppm; The pond is mainly based on water intake from May to June. When the deepest position of the pond fails to reach 1.5 m, take in water every 5-10 days. The water intake is 8 % of the total water content of the pond.
5. The pond poly-aquiculture method for increasing the yield of M. japonicas, as described in Claim 4, is characterized in that, in step 4, drainage is carried out in specific time intervals: From May to June, the water intake and drainage is carried out once every 5-10 days, and the water exchange is 5-10% of the total water of the pond; In July, the water intake and drainage is carried out once every 2-3 days, and the water exchange is 10-15% of the total water of the pond; From August to September, the water intake and drainage is carried out once every 1-2 days, and the water exchange is 10-15% of the total water of the pond; From October to November, the water intake and drainage is carried out once every 10-15 days, and the water exchange is 5-10% of the total water of the pond.
6. The pond poly-aquiculture method for increasing the yield of M. japonicas, as described in Claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 5, when the shrimp and crab are small in the early stage, the fed miscellaneous fish is minced by the machine into small pieces with the width of about 0.5 cm; The shrimp crab is fed twice which is at
18: 00 and 24: 00 respectively, and the feeding ratio is 4:6.
7. The pond poly-aquiculture method for increasing the yield of M. japonicas, as described in Claim 6, is characterized in that, in step 5, in the course of feeding management, a certain amount of immune polysaccharides and Wuhuang powder are added to the diet every 15 days for 3-5 days in a row to improve the immunity of shrimp and crab.
The dosage of immune polysaccharide is 4-6 g/kg, and the dosage of Wuhuang powder is 0.25-0.3 g/kg. When the temperature is below 10 °C, stop feeding the crab.
8. The pond poly-aquiculture method for increasing the yield of M. japonicas, as described in Claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 6, the first batch of shrimp is harvested at the end of June; the second batch of shrimp is harvested in mid-to-late July; the third batch of shrimp is harvested in mid-to-late August; and the fourth batch of shrimp is harvested in mid-to-late September.
9. The pond poly-aquiculture method for increasing the yield of M. japonicas, as described in Claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 2, before the shrimp seed are put into the pond, the salinity difference with the that of the nursery pond should be not more than 3 %o, the temperature difference not more than 2 °C, and the shrimp seed are placed at the upwind site.
10. The pond poly-aquiculture method for increasing the yield of M. japonicas, as described in Claim 1, is characterized in that, in steps 1 and 4, the seawater is filtered with the 60-80 mesh sieve at the water inlet.
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