CN114190314A - Porphyra haitanensis composite culture system and culture method thereof - Google Patents
Porphyra haitanensis composite culture system and culture method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention provides a porphyra haitanensis composite culture system and a culture method thereof, and relates to the field of porphyra haitanensis composite culture. The porphyra haitanensis composite culture method comprises the following steps: step one, designing a pile foundation structure; step two, selecting a base fixing structure; step three, establishing a cable-stayed bridge type main body structure, carrying out cable-stayed fixation by matching with a cable-stayed cable (5), and then vertically installing the cable-stayed bridge type main body structure and the base part fixing structure; and fourthly, hanging a seedling curtain (7) in the middle space of the cable-stayed bridge type main body structure. According to the porphyra haitanensis composite culture method, the porphyra haitanensis and the blue crabs are cultured in the same space by setting a composite ecological culture mode, and high-quality blue crabs can be obtained while the porphyra haitanensis is collected. The cultivation mode demonstration and popularization can obviously improve the economic benefit, ecological benefit and social benefit of mariculture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a compound culture method, in particular to a porphyra haitanensis compound culture system and a culture method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of porphyra haitanensis compound culture.
Background
The Scylla paramamosain is commonly called blue crab, belongs to Crustacea, decapetalous, Piracacaceae and Scylla, is one of marine fishery resources and mariculture varieties with important economic value in China, and is widely distributed in Yangtze estuary and sea areas in south China. Blue crabs in Nibo of Zhejiang and coastal areas of Taizhou are well known for the characteristics of high growth speed, delicious meat quality, high nutritional value and the like, and the blue crabs in the areas are deeply welcomed by consumers due to the unique fresh and sweet taste. At present, the blue crabs are mainly from natural sea areas and outdoor pond culture or indoor drawer type culture. The soft-shell green crab is a green crab in the stage of just completing molting or unhardened, and has the characteristics of cleanness, no pollution, integral edibility, high calcium, low fat, nutrition, delicious taste and the like. The soft-shell blue crab is a green and environment-friendly novel marine product which is popular with consumers at home and abroad, and is sold in short supply.
Porphyra haitanensis is a representative of high-quality food and new resources and is also a positive regulator of marine environment and ecology. Zhejian is the place of origin of high-quality laver in China, occupies 2/3 of national yield, and plays a significant role in national marine agriculture and blue carbon sink contribution. The traditional porphyra haitanensis is cultured by arranging a semi-floating raft in a high tide zone. At present, the main breeding mode is moved to the low tide zone and shallow sea for inserted-rod type breeding, and the main breeding mode is the place with most abundant marine organisms and the area where the blue crabs naturally grow.
At present, in order to reduce breeding risks, a plurality of plants and animals adopt a compound breeding mode, such as rice and fish symbiotic breeding, the breeding mode is novel, cost investment can be reduced, and the maximum economic benefit can be obtained by utilizing a limited breeding area.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The invention aims to solve the problems and provide a porphyra haitanensis compound culture system and a culture method thereof.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a composite culture system for porphyra haitanensis comprises a designed pile foundation structure, a base fixing structure and a cable-stayed bridge type main body structure, wherein the base fixing structure and the cable-stayed bridge type main body structure form an insertion rod type porphyra culture raft frame main body;
draw bridge type major structure to one side includes vaulting pole (3), lifting rope (4) and hawser (5), the pile foundation structure includes stake (1), be provided with between stake (1) and the inserted bar formula laver culture raft frame main part stake cable (2), the middle part of stake cable (2) is tied up in the top outside of stake (1), the both ends of stake cable (2) are tied up in the both ends of first vaulting pole (3).
Preferably, base fixed knot constructs and sets up in the both sides middle part of inserted bar formula laver culture raft frame main part, base fixed knot constructs including inserted bar (6) and rope connector link, the rope connector link sets up in inserted bar (6) top, all be provided with lifting rope (4) between inserted bar (6) and arbitrary vaulting pole (3), bind through the rope connector link is fixed between inserted bar (6) and lifting rope (4), bind with vaulting pole (3) rope (4) and be connected, adjacent all be provided with hawser (5) between vaulting pole (3) both ends, two adjacent vaulting poles (3) are connected respectively at hawser (5) both ends.
Preferably, the bottom of the stay bar (3) is provided with a blue crab culture cage (8), the blue crab culture cage (8) is cuboid, the blue crab breeding cage (8) comprises a cage body (801), a cover plate (802) and a water immersion hole (803), the cover plate (802) is arranged at the top of the cage body (801), the cage body (801) is rotatably connected with one side of the cover plate (802) through a hinge, the cage body (801) is movably clamped with the other side of the cover plate (802) through a clamping piece, the clamping piece can be mounted by adopting common plastic clamping pieces in the market without limiting the type of the clamping piece, the water immersion holes (803) are arranged on the cage body (801), the cover plate (802) is provided with a plurality of water leakage holes, a cross plastic sheet (804) is arranged inside the blue crab breeding cage (8), the cross plastic sheets (804) divide the interior of the blue crab breeding cage (8) into four equal parts.
A porphyra haitanensis compound cultivation method comprises the following steps:
designing a pile foundation structure, and selecting a type of a pile (1);
selecting a base fixing structure, and selecting an environment-friendly and automatically degradable material as the base fixing structure, wherein the structural material can be a bamboo pole with a proper length;
step three, establishing a cable-stayed bridge type main body structure, carrying out cable-stayed fixation by matching with a cable-stayed cable (5), and then vertically installing the cable-stayed bridge type main body structure and the base part fixing structure;
fourthly, hanging a seedling curtain (7) in the middle space of the cable-stayed bridge type main body structure, wherein the pores of the seedling curtain (7) are selected according to the actually cultured plants;
and fifthly, hanging blue crab culture cages (8) below the support rods (3) on the two sides of the net curtain.
Preferably, the length of the pile (1) is selected according to actual use.
The invention provides a porphyra haitanensis composite culture system and a culture method thereof, which have the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the porphyra haitanensis composite culture method, the porphyra haitanensis and the blue crabs are cultured in the same space by setting a composite ecological culture mode, and high-quality blue crabs can be obtained while the porphyra haitanensis is collected. The cultivation mode demonstration and popularization can obviously improve the economic benefit, ecological benefit and social benefit of mariculture.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the blue crab breeding cage of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the inventive cross plastic sheet structure.
In the figure: 1. piling; 2. pile cables; 3. a stay bar; 4. a lifting rope; 5. a cable; 6. inserting a rod; 7. seedling curtains; 8. A blue crab breeding cage; 801. a cage body; 802. a cover plate; 803. soaking holes; 804. criss-crossing plastic sheets.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the invention provides a porphyra haitanensis composite culture system, which comprises a pile foundation structure, a base fixing structure and a cable-stayed bridge type main body structure, wherein the base fixing structure and the cable-stayed bridge type main body structure form an inserted rod type laver culture raft frame main body;
draw bridge type major structure to one side includes vaulting pole (3), lifting rope (4) and hawser (5), the pile foundation structure includes stake (1), be provided with between stake (1) and the inserted bar formula laver culture raft frame main part stake cable (2), the middle part of stake cable (2) is tied up in the top outside of stake (1), the both ends of stake cable (2) are tied up in the both ends of first vaulting pole (3).
Preferably, base fixed knot constructs and sets up in the both sides middle part of inserted bar formula laver culture raft frame main part, base fixed knot constructs including inserted bar (6) and rope connector link, the rope connector link sets up in inserted bar (6) top, all be provided with lifting rope (4) between inserted bar (6) and arbitrary vaulting pole (3), bind through the rope connector link is fixed between inserted bar (6) and lifting rope (4), bind with vaulting pole (3) rope (4) and be connected, adjacent all be provided with hawser (5) between vaulting pole (3) both ends, two adjacent vaulting poles (3) are connected respectively at hawser (5) both ends.
Preferably, the bottom of the stay bar (3) is provided with a blue crab culture cage (8), the blue crab culture cage (8) is cuboid, the blue crab breeding cage (8) comprises a cage body (801), a cover plate (802) and a water immersion hole (803), the cover plate (802) is arranged at the top of the cage body (801), the cage body (801) is rotatably connected with one side of the cover plate (802) through a hinge, the cage body (801) is movably clamped with the other side of the cover plate (802) through a clamping piece, the clamping piece can be mounted by adopting common plastic clamping pieces in the market without limiting the type of the clamping piece, the water immersion holes (803) are arranged on the cage body (801), the cover plate (802) is provided with a plurality of water leakage holes, a cross plastic sheet (804) is arranged inside the blue crab breeding cage (8), the cross plastic sheets (804) divide the interior of the blue crab breeding cage (8) into four equal parts.
A porphyra haitanensis compound cultivation method comprises the following steps:
designing a pile foundation structure, and selecting a type of a pile (1);
selecting a base fixing structure, and selecting an environment-friendly and automatically degradable material as the base fixing structure, wherein the structural material can be a bamboo pole with a proper length;
step three, establishing a cable-stayed bridge type main body structure, carrying out cable-stayed fixation by matching with a cable-stayed cable (5), and then vertically installing the cable-stayed bridge type main body structure and the base part fixing structure;
fourthly, hanging a seedling curtain (7) in the middle space of the cable-stayed bridge type main body structure, wherein the pores of the seedling curtain (7) are selected according to the actually cultured plants;
and fifthly, hanging blue crab culture cages (8) below the support rods (3) on the two sides of the net curtain.
Preferably, the length of the pile (1) is selected according to actual use.
Implementation example: please refer again to the example of fig. 1, 2 and 3.
The laver cultivation base of a laver professional cooperative in Xiangshan county is taken as a test point. Selecting a place with a big dry tide of-5.0-1.0 meters, arranging an porphyra haitanensis inserted-rod type raft frame, hanging a blue crab culture cage (8) and carrying out compound culture.
1. For laver cultivation: the inserted rod (6) adopts two-year or three-year-old moso bamboo with the length of 15-18 meters and the breast diameter of 40-50 centimeters. The bottom end parts of the inserted rods (6) are sharpened or not, and the bottom end parts of the inserted rods (6) are inserted into the sediment of the culture sea area by 2.0-2.5 meters by using a professional mechanical inserted rod (6) boat so as to fix the inserted rod type laver culture raft.
Fixing four stay bar (3) lifting ropes (4) at a position 2.0-2.5 meters away from the top of the inserted bar (6), wherein the lifting ropes (4) are 320-filament polyethylene, the length of the lifting ropes (4) is 6.0-8.5 meters, the other ends of the lifting ropes (4) are connected with the stay bar (3), the exposure time is controlled by adjusting the length of the lifting ropes (4) between the inserted bar (6) and the stay bar (3), and the reduction in length indicates that the exposure time of the stay bar (3) is nearly as long as the top of the stay bar; on the contrary, the drying and exposing time is shortened. The stay bar (3) is 4.8-5.0 m long, and the stay bar (3) can be made of moso bamboo with the diameter of 10-12 cm or glass fiber reinforced plastic with the diameter of 7-8 cm and two sealed ends, so that the stretched net curtain is spread and laid flat. The distance between the stay bar (3) and the stay bar (3) is equal to the length of the net curtain, two sides of the square net curtain are tied on the stay bar (3), and the other two sides are tied on the cable (5) by using tying ropes. The stay bar (3) is connected with the stay bar (3) through a cable (5) and is made of 720-900-filament polyethylene.
Generally, 24 inserting rods (6) are connected into a row in two rows, wherein the two inserting rods (6) at the head and the tail can be shorter and inserted deeper or replaced by moso bamboo piles with the same size to play a role of an inserting rod type laver culturing raft. Meanwhile, two mooring ropes (5) are divided and directly connected with the stay bar (3), and the distance between the inserted bar (6) and the stay bar (3) is larger and reaches 8-10 meters. Each row needs 40 support rods (3) and 39 strip curtains (or net curtains) are hung. The specification of the seedling curtain (7) is a rectangular curtain of 5 m multiplied by 4.8 m, 96-144 strands of vinylon and polyethylene blended materials are adopted, the strip curtain is formed by 50-60 parallel ropes, and the distance between the ropes is 8-10 cm; the net curtain is woven by ropes with the same specification, and the aperture is 24 cm-30 cm.
Each row is formed by 185-190 meters of 2 mooring ropes (5), 39 seedling curtains (7) with the length of 5 meters multiplied by 4.8 meters are hung, the effective culture area reaches 936 square meters, and the number is 0.347 hectare calculated according to the condition that the effective culture area 2700 square meters is 1 hectare.
2. For green crab cultivation:
the blue crab cultivation adopts cage cultivation, the blue crab cultivation cage (8) is a square cage with the side length and the height of 42cm and 24cm respectively, two plastic sheets with the length and the width of 42cm and 24cm are arranged in the blue crab cultivation cage, a half part is cut at the position of 21cm in the middle, and the two plastic sheets are embedded into a cross shape, so that the square cage is divided into 4 grids in equal halves, and 4 blue crabs can be placed. A slightly-large, homogeneous and light cover is arranged above the blue crab breeding cage (8), four opening and closing structures with the length and width of 12cm and 9cm are reserved near the middle of the cover, and different management measures are conveniently adopted for each blue crab.
The blue crab culture cage (8) is designed to be made of plastic materials, and 18-22 round holes with the diameter of 1.2cm are reserved on the upper surface and the lower surface of the blue crab culture cage (8), so that water body exchange and waste discharge are facilitated. Wherein, one end of the top surface is provided with a round hole with the diameter of 3cm, which is beneficial to observing the blue crabs and the feed.
The blue crab culturing cages (8) are not arranged in the row 2 close to the edge of the laver culturing raft frame. The support rods (3) near the fastening piles (1) can not hang the blue crab culture cage (8). 76 blue crab breeding cages (8) can be hung in each row in the middle, and 152 blue crabs can be laid. 220 blue crab breeding cages (8) are tried to be bred in the year, and 960 blue crabs are put in the cages.
3. Cultivation technology
Starting the crab breeding in 8 months, selecting local crab seedlings with strong and hard bodies, green color, regular specifications and complete appendages or temporary breeding from a breeding factory. Selecting small crabs with the development period of 8-9 stages, and blue crabs with the same specification and size and similar weight (15-50 g). Stocking when the tide is low, stocking 4 small crabs in each blue crab breeding cage (8), and carrying out blue crab breeding and fattening.
The feed mainly adopts small and medium-sized shellfish such as Siniperca Aristolochia, Meretrix Linnaeus, Sinonovacula Constricta, etc., and is fresh or living. The actual bait throwing amount depends on the situation, such as the activity condition of the blue crabs, the size of tide, the water quality condition, the water temperature change and the like. When the optimal water temperature is 18-25 ℃, the green crabs have good activity and ingestion, and the like, and grow rapidly, the feeding amount is 10-30 percent of the total weight of the green crabs, and the green crabs are fed once every 2-3 days.
The breeding condition is checked every day, and whether the blue crab breeding cage (8) is broken or not and whether facilities such as an opening and closing structure are intact or not are noticed. The conditions of the activities, the ingestion and the like of the blue crabs in the blue crab breeding cage (8) are observed, and the residual material, the dirt and the crabs died of diseases in the pond are timely cleaned. The feeding condition and the environmental conditions such as the pH value, the salinity, the temperature and the like of seawater are recorded and measured every day, the growth indexes such as the weight, the shell width and the like of the blue crabs are measured every 15 days, and the daily record is well made.
The blue crabs with the weight of more than 150g, complete appendages and no injury and disability are concerned, and the soft-shell crab cultivation can be carried out. Changing an ecdystered crab into a soft shell crab would have the obvious feature that one is a good health condition and is likely to ecdyse within generally three days of not ingesting; secondly, cracks appear between the back carapace and the abdomen carapace or between the back carapace and the abdomen carapace, which shows that the exuviation is about to happen. The main molting time is from early morning to sunrise, and the molting synchronization rate is high. The soft-shell crabs are collected every 2 to 3 hours, the interference to the crabs which are molting is avoided as much as possible, otherwise, the molting of the crabs is easy to die. The crab shells after shelling in the blue crab breeding cage (8) are light in color and cannot move independently, larger soft-shell crabs can be seen beside the blue crab breeding cage, and the crab shells need to be fished out when the soft-shell crabs are collected. When no blue crabs exist in the blue crab culturing cage (8), the blue crab culturing cage (8) is cleared up in time and small crabs are supplemented. The soft-shell crabs are taken out and put into clean seawater for temporary culture at a proper temperature of 12-15 ℃, and are stored, transported and sold in time.
The laver cultivation adopts a conventional operation method. When the laver cultivation management is carried out, the soft-shell crabs are fished out, and the blue crab cultivation cages (8) are placed at two sides, so that the normal activities of the blue crabs are generally not influenced. And after the laver culture management is finished, the blue crab culture cage (8) is put back in time.
4. Obtaining the benefits:
through careful cultivation management, the green crabs come into the market in 11-12 months, the specifications of the green crabs are more than 200-300 g/crab, the color and luster of the healthy and strong green crabs are good, and the survival rate reaches 91.7%. At present, the sale price is 150-220 yuan/kg, and the market is well received. Therefore, the raft frame for culturing porphyra haitanensis is hung to culture blue crabs in cages, so that the normal operation and management of the porphyra haitanensis are not influenced, and a way for leisure fishery is added.
The method is a new method for ecological breeding by compounding marine economic animals and plants in the same space, and has the characteristics of high breeding survival rate and weight gain rate of the blue crabs, good color and luster, good taste, high quality and the like. Meanwhile, when the laver is 25-35 cm, the first water plant can be harvested, and the length of the algae left after harvesting is preferably 5 cm. The vegetables can be collected again every 10 to 15 days according to the water temperature or the growth speed of the algae. The laver culture area has the functions of improving water quality, eliminating waves and the like, promotes healthy and rapid growth of the blue crabs, and has remarkable economic and ecological benefits.
By setting the composite ecological breeding mode, porphyra haitanensis and green crabs are bred in the same space, and high-quality green crabs can be obtained while the porphyra haitanensis is harvested. The cultivation mode demonstration and popularization can obviously improve the economic benefit, ecological benefit and social benefit of mariculture.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and features of the invention, together with the advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are given by way of illustration of the principles of the invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a compound system of breeding of porphyra haitanensis which characterized in that: the method comprises designing a pile foundation structure, a base fixing structure and a cable-stayed bridge type main body structure, wherein the base fixing structure and the cable-stayed bridge type main body structure form an insertion rod type laver culturing raft frame main body;
draw bridge type major structure to one side includes vaulting pole (3), lifting rope (4) and hawser (5), the pile foundation structure includes stake (1), be provided with between stake (1) and the inserted bar formula laver culture raft frame main part stake cable (2), the middle part of stake cable (2) is tied up in the top outside of stake (1), the both ends of stake cable (2) are tied up in the both ends of first vaulting pole (3).
2. The system for compound cultivation of porphyra haitanensis as claimed in claim 1, wherein: basal portion fixed knot constructs and sets up in the both sides middle part of inserted bar formula laver culture raft frame main part, basal portion fixed knot constructs including inserted bar (6) and rope connector link, the rope connector link sets up in inserted bar (6) top, all be provided with lifting rope (4) between inserted bar (6) and arbitrary vaulting pole (3), bind through the rope connector link is fixed between inserted bar (6) and lifting rope (4), bind with vaulting pole (3) rope (4) and be connected, adjacent all be provided with hawser (5) between vaulting pole (3) both ends, two adjacent vaulting poles (3) are connected respectively at hawser (5) both ends.
3. The system for compound cultivation of porphyra haitanensis as claimed in claim 1, wherein: vaulting pole (3) bottom is provided with blue or green crab and breeds cage (8), blue or green crab is bred cage (8) and sets up to rectangular bodily form, blue or green crab is bred cage (8) including the cage body (801), apron (802) and hole (803) of soaking, apron (802) set up in the cage body (801) top, the hinge rotation is passed through with apron (802) one side to the cage body (801) and is connected, the cage body (801) passes through buckle spare activity joint with apron (802) opposite side, it opens on the cage body (801) to soak hole (803), a plurality of holes that leak have been seted up on apron (802), the inside cross plastic sheet (804) that is provided with of the cage body (801), cross plastic sheet (804) are bred cage (8) inside four equal portions of dividing into with blue or green crab.
4. A porphyra haitanensis composite culture method, which adopts the system for composite culture of porphyra haitanensis as claimed in any one of claims 1-3, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
designing a pile foundation structure, and selecting a type of a pile (1);
selecting a base fixing structure, and selecting an environment-friendly and automatically degradable material as the base fixing structure, wherein the structural material can be a bamboo pole with a proper length;
step three, establishing a cable-stayed bridge type main body structure, carrying out cable-stayed fixation by matching with a cable-stayed cable (5), and then vertically installing the cable-stayed bridge type main body structure and the base part fixing structure;
fourthly, hanging a seedling curtain (7) in the middle space of the cable-stayed bridge type main body structure, wherein the pores of the seedling curtain (7) are selected according to the actually cultured plants;
and fifthly, hanging blue crab culture cages (8) below the support rods (3) on the two sides of the net curtain.
5. The compound culture method of porphyra haitanensis as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the length of the pile (1) is selected according to actual use.
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