AU2020102960A4

AU2020102960A4 - A Breeding method of polyculture of Panulirus ornatus and Caulerpa lentillifera

Info

Publication number: AU2020102960A4
Application number: AU2020102960A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Yizhan Hong; Jian Li; Ping Liu; Jianjian Lv; Xianyun Ren; Qiansen Zhou
Original assignee: Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
Current assignee: Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
Priority date: 2020-10-22
Filing date: 2020-10-22
Publication date: 2021-01-21
Anticipated expiration: 2028-10-22

Abstract

The invention provides a breeding method of polyculture of P. ornatus and C. lentillifera, comprising the following steps (1) Preparation of aquaculture ponds; (2) Delivery of C. lentilliferas; (3) Delivery of P. ornatus; (4) Daily management; (5) Disease control; (6) Harvest of C. lentillifera. According to the biological characteristics of the P. ornatus and the C. lentillifera, the invention apply the floating bed to inoculate the C. lentillifera, and the optimum growth illumination of the C. lentillifera can be achieved by adjusting the height of the floating bed, which can also create a suitable dark environment for the bottom-dwelling lobster and achieve the most suitable light intensity for the growth of the P. ornatus. The breeding method of the invention has the advantages of low cost, simple operation and feed- saving, which can produce C. lentillifera continuously all year round, and the cultured P. ornatus has the advantages of high survival rate, fast growth speed, short cycle time and good breeding efficiency, and it also can improve the utilization rate of the breeding workshop, which is beneficial to large-scale popularization and has broad application prospects.

Description

-I

A Breeding method of polyculture of Panulirusornatus and Caulerpa lentillifera

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relates to the technical field of water aquaculture, in particular to A breeding method of polyculture of P. ornatus and C. lentillifera.

BACKGROUND

P. ornatus belongs to Crustacea, Decapoda, Palinuridae, Palinuridae.It is also called "green lobster", "flower lobster" or "colorful lobster" by coastal fisherman in China. The P. ornatus is the largest of the lobster species with body length up to 60cm and weight more than 3 kg. It usually lives in the sand texture at water depth of 1-10 m of the coral periphery, and the more also live in the standing water around the rock reef and the slope. The lobster on the market is mainly from the wild fishing. However, as one of the world's most valuable economic shrimps, lobster resources show signs of scarcity due to overfishing with the increasing market demand for lobster. Therefore, it is imperative to carry out artificial breeding of lobster. Seedling breeding is one of the preconditions for artificial breeding of lobster. However, the basic biological characteristics and embryonic development of the lobster have not been successfully observed. At present, artificial breeding of lobster only can be achieved by catching wild fry, which is not conducive to industrial promotion for its small scale, long cycle and high cost. Therefore, it is necessary to seek new suitable methods for industrialized cultivation of lobster.

C. lentillifera, also known as "longlife grass" and "green caviar", which belongs to the Chlorophyta family, Pteridophyta and Pteridophyta, and is native to the counties in Southeast Asia ,such as Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Okinawa, and Japan, etc. C. lentillifera is an edible algae with low calories, delicious taste and high nutritional value, which not only can be eaten directly, but also can be used as the ingredient of ramen and seafood cover rice and other foods. C. lentillifera contains a variety of amino acids and vitamins, proteins, rich calcium, potassium, magnesium, iron and other essential minerals of the human body, has the function of blood- purify, anti-oxidation, anti-cancer, anti-tumor, and blood cholesterol reduction, and it is a very ideal health food. The artificial propagation of C. lentillifera originated from Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. Although the breeding market of C. lentillifera has great application potential, it is very difficult to breed C. lentillifera because of its high requirement for growing environment and water quality. At present, the C. lentillifera is normally limited to outdoor pond and indoor cement pond aquaculture.

Affected by climate and other factors, outdoor pond aquaculture has some defects such as short breeding cycle and low yield of aquaculture, while factory aquaculture can avoid the disadvantages mentioned above, but there are also some problems such as single aquaculture model and high cost.

At present, there are no reports and examples of polyculture of C. lentillifera and P. ornatus.

SUMMARY

The invention overcomes the defects and problems of the above-mentioned prior art, fills in the blank of the polyculture of C. lentillifera and P. ornatus, and provides a breeding method of polyculture of P. ornatus and C. lentillifera. The technique is to breed P. ornatus at the bottom of the cement pond, and breed C. lentillifera on the upper part, which can not only shorten the natural growth cycle of P. ornatus, but also increase the yield of C. lentillifera, and increase the utilization rate and economic benefit of the workshop.

To achieve the above purposes, the present invention provides the following specific technical solutions:

The invention provides a breeding method of polyculture of P. ornatus and C. lentillifera, which comprises the following steps:

(1) Preparation of aquaculture ponds: laying habitats at the bottom of the ponds, and injecting filtered sea water after fully disinfection of the aquaculture ponds and habitats;

(2) Delivery of C. lentillifera: delivering C. lentillifera seedlings evenly onto aquaculture floating bed after removing with algae, and the delivery quantity of C. lentillifera seedlings is 1.8~2. 4 kg per aquaculture floating bed with the density of 1.3 ~ 2.3 kg/m 2;

(3) Delivery of P. ornatus seedlings: selecting P. ornatus seedlings with 5.0~20.0 g per tail to sterilize and putting into aquaculture pond to polyculture with C. lentillifera, and the delivery quantity is 30~50 tail per square meter. Especially, when the weight of P. ornatus exceeds 400 g/tail, separation treatment is carried in keeping 5~10 tail per square meter in each aquaculture pond.

(4) Daily management

a. Feeding: feeding every 4 hours when the weight of P. ornatus is less than 20 g per tail or feeding four times every day in a way of twice in the morning and in the evening, respectively when the weight of P. ornatus is not less than 20 g per tail.

b. Water quality control: keep the water temperature at 22~30 °C, salt concentration at

~33%, pH at 7.8~8.5, dissolved oxygen concentration at 9~12 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen concentration at less than 0.2 mg/L;

c. light control: the light intensity of C. lentillifera is 3000~5000 lux, the light intensity of P. ornatus is 100~200 lux;

(5) Disease control: using bromochlorine to disinfect aquaculture pond water every 8-10 days for 2~3 times continuously;

(6) Harvest of C. lentillifera:harvesting sea grape after growing for 2-3 months;

(7) Capture of the P. ornatus: capturingP. ornatus after breeding for 10-12 months.

Further, the height of the injected seawater in step (1) is 1.2~1.5 m.

Further, in step (1), the inner part of the habitats is hollow, the material is at least one of plastic, cement, bamboo and stone, and the number of the habitats is 1~3 layers.

Further, the floating bed in step (2) is composed of a frame and a grid through which were fixedly connected by plastic tie belt, and the four weeks of the floating bed is provided with a lifting rope, which can adjust the height of the floating bed, and the lifting rope is arranged around the breeding floating bed in order to adjust the height of floating bed. The aperture of the grid is not less than 5 mm.

Further, the material of the aquaculture floating bed is plastic material, and the material of the lifting rope is plastic material.

Further, in the step (2), the aquaculture floating bed is 80-100cm from the bottom of the aquaculture pond in the early stage of aquaculture; the floating bed is raised by 2~3 cm to the water surface for every cm of the erect stem of the C. lentillifera grows after 5~8 days of the germination period of the C. lentillifera; the aquaculture floating bed is raised to 35-40cm from the surface of the water in the later stage of aquaculture.

Further, the sterilization method of the P. ornatus seedling in step 3 is to soak the P. ornatus seedling with 25~35 ppm polyvidone iodine for 30~40 min.

Further, in step4, the daily feeding amount is 30~40% of total feeding, and the night feeding amount is 60~70% of total feeding; and when the weight of the P. ornatus <20g/tail, the daily feeding amount is 20~25% of the body mass of the P. ornatus. While the weight of P. ornatus is ~50g/tail, and the daily feeding amount is 10~15% of the body mass of the P. ornatus. While the weight of the P. ornatus is 50~400g/tail, the daily feeding amount is 8~10% of the body mass of the

P. ornatus body. While the weight of the P. ornatus was more than 400g/tail, the daily feeding amount is 5~6% of the body mass of the P. ornatus.

Further, the aquaculture pond in step (4) needs to be renewed at least once a day for 100% sea water exchange.

Further, the whole piece of aquaculture floating bed was taken out of the water when harvested in step (6). Only 8~10 cm before the upright stem of the C. lentillifera was harvested for appropriate seed retention so as to plant and harvest continually for 5~7 times.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:

According to the living habits of the P. ornatus, the floating bed for breeding C. lentillifera is built above the aquaculture pond in the invention, and the most suitable light for the growth of C. lentilliferais provided by adjusting the height of the floating bed. At the same time, the floating bed also provides a shady environment for the P. ornatus. Combined with the scientific and reasonable feeding density and feed amount, the invention not only improves the yield, growth speed and survival rate of the P. ornatus, shorten the natural growth cycle of the P. ornatus, increases the yield and quality of the C. lentillifera by producing the C. lentillifera continuously throughout the year, which is suitable for the factory breeding of the P. ornatus, but also improve the utilization rate of the breeding workshop. With the advantage of low cost, it is conducive to the large-scale promotion, and lays a foundation for the next step of artificial breeding.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail in combination with specific embodiments.

The breeding method of polyculture of P. ornatus and C. lentillifera, and the steps are as follows:

1. Preparation of aquaculture ponds: laying one or more layer of hollow habitats at the bottom of the ponds for the habitat of the P. ornatus, and injecting filtered sea water into the ponds with a height of 1.2~1.5 m after fully disinfecting the pond and habitats.

2. Preparation of aquaculture floating bed: the aquaculture floating bed is composed of frame and grid, which are fixed and connected by plastic tie-belt. The floating bed is equipped with lifting rope around to adjust the height. The material of all the accessories of the aquaculture floating bed are plastic, which can prevent the corrosion of seawater. The aperture of the grid is not less than mm.

3. Delivery of C. lentillifera: the strong-growing caulerpa lentillifer are selected as the seedling with the attached algae removed. The seedling were planted on the aquaculture floating bed for 1 .8~2 .4 kg every aquaculture floating bed in a density of 1.3~2 .3 kg/ M 2 . The C. lentillifera seedlings is evenly placed on the grid, and the floating bed was sewn up with the net thread to fix the C. lentillifera seedlings.

In the early stage of aquaculture, the distance between the floating bed and the bottom of the aquaculture pond is 80-100cm. And the floating bed is raised by 2~3 cm to the water surface for every cm of the erect stem of the C. lentillifera grows after the germination period of the C. lentillifera. In the later stage of the aquaculture, the floating bed is raised to 35-40cm from the surface of the water.

4. Delivery of P. ornatus seedlings: selecting and soaking P. ornatus seedlings at 5.0~20.0g/tail with 25~35ppm polyvidone iodine for 30~40min to prevent the lobster seedlings disease, then putting it into aquaculture pond and mixing with C. lentillifera with release amount of 5.0~20.0g/tail seedling 30~50tail/m2 . In the process of breeding, it is gradually separated. When the body weight of the lobster is more than 400 g / tail, 5-10 tails /m 2 is reserved in each pond.

5. Feeding: When the weight of the P. ornatus is less than 20g/tail, feeding it once every 4h with daily feeding amount is 20~25% of the body mass of the P. ornatus body and opened shell fresh double shell shellfish, such as oysters, parti-color clams, Philippine clams, etc are used as feed. When the body g of P. ornatus is not less than 20g/tail, feeding four times a day, two times in the morning and evening. Especially, when P. ornatus body weight is 20~50g/tail, the daily feeding quantity is 10~15% of body weight of P. ornatus. When the body weight of P. ornatus is ~400g/tail, the daily feeding quantity is 8~10% of body weight of P. ornatus. When the body weight of P. ornatus is over 400g/tail, the daily feeding quantity is 5~6% of the body mass of P. ornatus. In addition to double-shelled shellfish, feed fresh squid, green crab and fish, etc also can be used as feed at this conditions and day feed amount is 30~40% of the total feed amount, night feed amount is 60~70% of the total feed amount.

6. Water quality control: checking the water quality of the aquaculture pond once a day, and completing at least one update of the water quantity, in which the water temperature is kept at 22~30 DEG C, salt concentration is 20~33%o, pH degree is 7.8~8.5, dissolved oxygen concentration is 9~12 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen concentration is less than 0.2 mg/L.

7. Light intensity: The growth light intensity of C. lentillifera is 3000~5000 lux, the light intensity of P. ornatus is maintained at 100~200 lux.

8. Disease control: the aquacultured water is disinfected with bromochlorine for 2~3 times continually every 8~10 days. And removing the algae attached to the seaweed by spraying with a spray pot or a water pump.

9. Harvest of C. lentillifera: C. lentillifera can be harvested after growing for 2~3 months. When harvesting, the whole aquaculture floating bed is taken out from the water and it is partially harvested with 8~10 cm before the vertical stem of it. And appropriate seed retention is carried so as to plant and harvest continually for 5~7 times.

10. Capture of the P. ornatus: After 12 months of breeding, capturing the P. ornatus.

EMBODIMENTS 1

In this embodiment, the breeding site is selected in the aquaculture workshop with a floor area of1000m 2 . The workshop is equipped with 24 cement aquaculture ponds at 4 mx4 mx1.5 m. The aquaculture ponds are in the form of a pot bottom, with a water outlet pipe above and an outlet at the bottom. The water level can be adjusted.

1.Preparation of sea water treatment system: about 200 meters of water supply pipeline was laid from the aquaculture workshop to the sea, the extracted sea water was passed through the primary sedimentation tank firstly and the precipitated sea water entered into the first sand filter tank for initial filtration, then went into the second sand filter tank for deep filtration, and then went through the soft water treatment system, and finally into the sea water storage tank for use.

2. Preparation of aquaculture pond: a circle of hollow brick were laied in the bottom of the pond for P. ornatus habitat; treated seawater was injected after disinfection of aquaculture pond and hollow brick and sea water height was of 1.5 m.

3. Preparation of aquaculture floating bed: six aquaculture floating beds with specifications of 1.2 mx1 m were placed in each aquaculture pond. The floating bed is made of drinking water pipes and plastic grids. Specifically, the floating bed frame was made of drinking water pipes, and two plastic grids were laid in the middle of the framework. The aperture of the grid was set as 5 mm because the seed of the C. lentillifera was to be placed on the grids. After the seedlings were planted, the plastic mesh and the drinking water pipe were fixed by plastic tie. The hanging rope and other accessories of the floating bed were made of plastic to prevent the corrosion of the sea water, and the floating bed can be adjusted by the lifting rope.

4. Delivery of C. lentilliferas: the average body length of 10 cm C. lentillifera with robust growth were selected as seedlings. Before breeding, it is necessary to remove the miscellaneous algae attached to the C. lentilliferas seedlings. At the beginning, 2.4kg of C. lentillifera was put into each floating bed with the average density of 2kg/M 2 . The floating bed was controlled at the height of 80cm from the bottom of the aquaculture pond at the beginning of aquaculture. After 5~8 days of germination, the floating bed raised 3 cm to the surface of the water for every cm growth of the upright stem and the light intensity of the C. lentillifera and the P. ornatus were increased. In the later stage of aquaculture, the prolongation of the stem of the C. lentillifera would make the algal body full of floating bed, the density of the algal body increased obviously, and the mutual shading of the algal made some algal lack of light. In order to avoid affecting the growth speed of the whole and the growth of the P. ornatus, the floating bed was raised to 40cm from the surface of the water to avoid the mutual shading of the algal which made some algal lack of light and the P. ornatus under the algal body had no light.

5. Removal of miscellaneous algae: during aquaculture and growth of C. lentillifera, it was mainly affected by the attachment of heterophytes such as benthic diatoms, which not only affects the appearance and quality of C. lentillifera bodies, but also affects the growth of algae, which can cause albino decay and even death when serious. If diatoms were found attached to the C. lentillifera bodies, they can be improved and eliminated by spraying the C. lentillifera bodies, the bottom wall of the pond and the floating bed, and reducing the light intensity.

6. Delivery of P. ornatus seedlings: The P. ornatus seedlings weighing more than 5g were soaked with 30 ppm polyvinone iodine for 30 minutes, and put into the aquaculture pond, mixed with the C. lentillifera with the initial density of 30 tail/m 2 . In the process of breeding, it was gradually separated. When the body weight of the lobster is more than 400 g / tail, 5 tails / m 2 is reserved in each pond..

7. Feeding: Generally, the feed was fed four times a day, two times in the morning and in the evening respectively. The feeding amount was 30% of the total feeding amount in the daytime and % in the night. When the weight of lobster was less than 20g/tail, fresh shell shellfish, such as oysters, mixed clams, Philippine clams, etc., were fed with shell-opened. At this time, it should be fed every 4h, and the daily feeding rate is 20% of lobster body mass. When the weight of lobster was 20-50g/tail, the daily feeding rate is 10%~15% of lobster body mass. At the middle stage (50~400g/tail), the daily feeding quantity is 8%~10% of lobster body mass. And at the later stage (> 400g/tail) in addition to shell shellfish, fresh squid, green crabs and fish can be fed at a daily rate of % of the lobster's body mass.

8. Water quality control: Appropriate aeration and water culture are necessary for the cultivation of high-quality C. lentillifera and P. ornatus. The water quality in aquaculture pond was to be examined once a day for at least once water renewal with 100% water exchange rate. The water temperature was controlled at 22~30 °C, the salt concentration was maintained at 20~33%o, the pH value was maintained at 7.8~8.5, the dissolved oxygen concentration was 9~12 mg/L, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration was less than 0.2 mg/L.

9. light control: the light intensity of C. lentillifera was maintained at 3000~5000 lux; the light intensity of P. ornatus was maintained at 100~200 lux.

10. Disease control: P. ornatus has strong disease-resistant ability. And the disease will not occur in the breeding cycle, which is mainly controlled by control. The precautionary measures was to disinfect the water body with 30 ppm bromochlorohydantoin every 10 days for twice. The disease that P. ornatus is easy to occured mainly is rot gill disease, ciliate disease and rot tail disease, the treatment method is as follows. Rot gill disease: norfloxacin 1.5 ~ 2.0 mg / L, once a day for 3 days. Rot tail disease: In the initial infection, 30 ppm of polyvidone iodine was used for disinfection. Ciliate disease: 0.8~1.2 mg/L of anhydrous zinc sulfate or 0.5~1.5 mg/L of chelate copper was used once a day for 3 days in succession, and medicine was applied after each water change. Other parasitic disease: The lobster was soaked with 3~5 mg/kg potassium permanganate for 30 min.

11. Harvest of C. lentillifera: C. lentillifera was harvested after growing for 2 months. And the weight of each harvest is more than 3 times the weight of seed, at this time, the length of straight stem of C. lentillifera is 16~20 cm. When harvesting, the whole aquaculture floating bed is taken out from the water and it is partially harvested with 10 cm before the vertical stem of it. And appropriate seed retention is carried so as to plant and harvest continually.

In this embodiment, a total of 2000 tail of P. ornatus seedlings were raised. After 12 months of cultivation, 1663 tails of P. ornatus were harvested with the survival rate of 83.2%. The weight of individual P. ornatus was more than 400 g. A total of 1663.2 kg of P. ornatus was harvested, and the yield per unit area was 4.33 kg/m 2 . A total of 6 sprouts of C. lentillifera were harvested with yield of 2177.3 kg, and the average yield of C. lentilliferawas 2.1 kg/m 2 .

EMBODIMENTS 2

The artificial aquaculture experiment of P. ornatus and C. lentillifera was carried out in Boao aquaculture workshop of Hainan province from August 2018 to July 2019. In the aquaculture workshop with a floor area of 400m 2 , The workshop is equipped with 10 cement aquaculture ponds at 5 mx5 mx1.2 m. The aquaculture ponds are in the form of a pot bottom, with a water outlet pipe above and an outlet at the bottom. The water level can be adjusted.

1. Preparation of aquaculture pond: After fully disinfected, the cement hollow brick were laid two cicles on the bottom of the pond for lobster inhabit. The seawater used for aquaculture was extracted from the seawater sand well and then treated with a filter tank after dark precipitation.

2. Selection of algae: the returned C. lentillifera were disassembled immediately and put into the sea water in time. After cleaning and removing the rotten beads, the algae with normal color and healthy color were selected to put in.

3. Delivery of algal seeds: the selected C. lentillifera were spreaded evenly in the assembled floating bed. A total of 6 floating beds were laid. The floating bed specifications were 1.4mx.8m, and 1.8 kg of C. lentillifera was put into each floating bed with the average density of 1.6kg/m 2

. The concentration of algal species should be avoided as far as possible and then the four sides of the floating bed should be sewn up with net thread to fix the C. lentillifera into the frame. At the initial stage of aquaculture, the distance between the floating bed and the bottom of the aquaculture pond was 80~100 cm. After the germination stage of the C. lentillifera, the floating bed raised 2~3 cm to the surface of the water for every cm growth of the upright stem

4. The polyculture of P. ornatus and C. lentillifera:At the initial stage, P. ornatus was raise in the nursery pond. When the average body length of P. ornatus reached 7cm, P. ornatus and the selected C. lentillifera would be mixed in the breeding pond. The initial density of released P. ornatus was 50 tail/m2 .In the process of breeding, it was gradually separated. When the body 2 weight of the lobster is more than 400 g / tail, 5 tails /m is reserved in each pond.

5. Daily management

(1) pond-washing and water-change: On the third day after the algae seeds released, the pond was washed and the water was changed. the frame was shaked slightly to separate the rotten algae first and then water was discharged to rinse the bottom and wall of the tank. After the discharge, new water was put to wash again. If diatom or algal adhesion was found in daily management, they should also be washed in time. If diatoms are found in the algae, spray the algae species with a spray pot or water pump. The water spray should be moderate to avoid injury to the algae.

(2) light adjustment: the light intensity was measured daily with an illuminance meter to keep the C. lentillifera light in 3000~5000 lux, and avoid direct sunlight. It also can be adjusted through the black shade cloth. At the same time, the light intensity of P. ornatus was kept in 100~200 lux. (3) Water temperature and salt concentration: The water temperature and salinity were measured daily. The water temperature was controlled between 23.5 °C ~ 30.6 °C, and the salinity was

~32%o.

(4) Disease control: the same as the disease control in embodiment 1.

In this embodiment, a total of 1,500 P. ornatus seedlings were raised. After 12 months of cultivation, 1242 P. ornatus were harvested with the survival rate of 82.8%. The weight of individual P. ornatus reached more than 450g. A total of 573.8 kg of P. ornatus was harvested, and the yield per unit area reached 2.3 kg/m 2 ; 6 sprouts of C. lentillifera was harvested, the yield was 972.8 kg, and the average yield of C. lentilliferawas 2.41 kg/m 2

. The above embodiments are used only to describe the technical scheme of the invention and not to restrict it; notwithstanding the detailed description of the invention in accordance with the aforementioned embodiments, the technical scheme recorded in the aforementioned embodiments may be modified, or some of the technical features of the said embodiments may be replaced, for ordinary technicians in the field; and such modifications or substitutions shall not render the nature of the corresponding technical scheme out of the spirit and scope of the technical scheme required to be protected by the invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparation of floating bed, wherein the method comprises laying habitats at the bottom of the ponds, and injecting filtered sea water to the ponds and habitats.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the height of the injected seawater is 1.2~1.5 m.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the inner part of the habitats is hollow, the material is at least one of plastic, cement, bamboo and stone, and the number of the habitats is 1~3 layers.

4. The method according to claim 1 and 2, wherein the floating bed is composed of a frame and a grid, which are fixedly connected through a plastic tie-belt, the floating bed is equipped with a lifting rope around it to adjust the height of the floating bed, and the aperture of the grid is not less than 5mm.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the material of the floating bed is plastic material and the material of the lifting rope is plastic material.