AU2008320815B2 - Use of halogenated phthalocyanines - Google Patents
Use of halogenated phthalocyanines Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU2008320815B2 AU2008320815B2 AU2008320815A AU2008320815A AU2008320815B2 AU 2008320815 B2 AU2008320815 B2 AU 2008320815B2 AU 2008320815 A AU2008320815 A AU 2008320815A AU 2008320815 A AU2008320815 A AU 2008320815A AU 2008320815 B2 AU2008320815 B2 AU 2008320815B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- compounds
- mixtures
- phthalocyanine
- solar cell
- organic solar
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 140
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 278
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 96
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 77
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical class C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- CXZRDVVUVDYSCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M pyronin B Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC3=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C3C=C21 CXZRDVVUVDYSCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- DDCBCMPRTJJARO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,6-bis(dicyanomethylidene)-2,5-difluorocyclohexa-1,4-diene-1,4-dicarbonitrile Chemical compound FC1=C(C#N)C(=C(C#N)C#N)C(F)=C(C#N)C1=C(C#N)C#N DDCBCMPRTJJARO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 219
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 126
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 124
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 106
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 94
- -1 R 18 Chemical compound 0.000 description 93
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 82
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 80
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 74
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 65
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 53
- 239000000370 acceptor Substances 0.000 description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 37
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 34
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 25
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 21
- STTGYIUESPWXOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline Chemical compound C=12C=CC3=C(C=4C=CC=CC=4)C=C(C)N=C3C2=NC(C)=CC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 STTGYIUESPWXOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 19
- XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Cu+2].C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 17
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 15
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid group Chemical group S(O)(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 14
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 13
- RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N heliogen blue Chemical compound [Cu].[N-]1C2=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=NC([N-]1)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=N2 RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical group N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000004770 highest occupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 12
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- SAPTYURANIHAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-fluorobenzene-1,2-dicarbonitrile Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C#N)=C1C#N SAPTYURANIHAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 11
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 10
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000004768 lowest unoccupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 10
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- ZCAPDAJQDNCVAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,6,7,8,14,15,16,17,23,24,25,26,32,33,34,35-hexadecafluoro-2,11,20,29,37,38,39,40-octazanonacyclo[28.6.1.13,10.112,19.121,28.04,9.013,18.022,27.031,36]tetraconta-1,3,5,7,9,11,13(18),14,16,19,21(38),22(27),23,25,28,30(37),31(36),32,34-nonadecaene Chemical compound C12=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C2C(N=C2NC(C3=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C3=C2N1 ZCAPDAJQDNCVAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000013086 organic photovoltaic Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000001640 fractional crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 125000000592 heterocycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910018626 Al(OH) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical class C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 6
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 6
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910021617 Indium monochloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 5
- APHGZSBLRQFRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M indium(1+);chloride Chemical group [In]Cl APHGZSBLRQFRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 238000001840 matrix-assisted laser desorption--ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229920001467 poly(styrenesulfonates) Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- QQEKYCCJLSRLEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluorobenzene-1,2-dicarbonitrile Chemical compound FC1=CC=C(C#N)C(C#N)=C1 QQEKYCCJLSRLEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920003026 Acene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001609 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000553 poly(phenylenevinylene) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- YYMBJDOZVAITBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubrene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C1=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C11)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 YYMBJDOZVAITBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- KNDUBEZZKOOYMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-difluorobenzene-1,2-dicarbonitrile Chemical compound FC1=CC(C#N)=C(C#N)C=C1F KNDUBEZZKOOYMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241001061036 Otho Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000000260 fractional sublimation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920003240 metallophthalocyanine polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- 229920000301 poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KGFAQFGJOHSHEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6,7,12-tetrachloroperylene Chemical group C1=C(Cl)C(C=2C(Cl)=CC=C3C=2C2=C(Cl)C=C3)=C3C2=C(Cl)C=CC3=C1 KGFAQFGJOHSHEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HZNVUJQVZSTENZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(=O)C(C#N)=C(C#N)C1=O HZNVUJQVZSTENZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WXTMDXOMEHJXQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=CC=C1O WXTMDXOMEHJXQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JESXATFQYMPTNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenylphenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C=C JESXATFQYMPTNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SRIJSZQFAMLVQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-dichlorobenzene-1,2-dicarbonitrile Chemical compound ClC1=CC(C#N)=C(C#N)C=C1Cl SRIJSZQFAMLVQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101100065885 Caenorhabditis elegans sec-15 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001665 Poly-4-vinylphenol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PQLVXDKIJBQVDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.CC(O)=O PQLVXDKIJBQVDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UMIVXZPTRXBADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzocyclobutene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCC2=C1 UMIVXZPTRXBADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L caesium carbonate Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-]C([O-])=O FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- PQAXGPJSVFSKAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecachlorophthalocyanine Chemical compound C12=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2C(N=C2NC(C3=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C3=C2N1 PQAXGPJSVFSKAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000608 laser ablation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000002048 multi walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-SVYQBANQSA-N oxolane-d8 Chemical compound [2H]C1([2H])OC([2H])([2H])C([2H])([2H])C1([2H])[2H] WYURNTSHIVDZCO-SVYQBANQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002979 perylenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- INAAIJLSXJJHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pibenzimol Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCN1C1=CC=C(N=C(N2)C=3C=C4NC(=NC4=CC=3)C=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)C2=C1 INAAIJLSXJJHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002098 polyfluorene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000006413 ring segment Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002109 single walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005346 substituted cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010345 tape casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- PCCVSPMFGIFTHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracyanoquinodimethane Chemical compound N#CC(C#N)=C1C=CC(=C(C#N)C#N)C=C1 PCCVSPMFGIFTHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 238000001947 vapour-phase growth Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 125000004191 (C1-C6) alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006552 (C3-C8) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- GMGZEOLIKDSQTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine;hydrochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CN(C)C(N)=[N+](C)C GMGZEOLIKDSQTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FNQJDLTXOVEEFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-benzothiadiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SN=NC2=C1 FNQJDLTXOVEEFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001399 1,2,3-triazolyl group Chemical group N1N=NC(=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- PBKONEOXTCPAFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1 PBKONEOXTCPAFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ABFKYPFPQRDCGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 14832-14-5 Chemical compound [Cu+2].[N-]1C(N=C2C3=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C3C(N=C3C4=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C4C(=N4)[N-]3)=N2)=C(C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2Cl)C2=C1N=C1C2=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2C4=N1 ABFKYPFPQRDCGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indene Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=CC2=C1 YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GGNDPFHHUHTCIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-benzimidazole;perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1.C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1.C=12C3=CC=C(C(O)=O)C2=C(C(O)=O)C=CC=1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C2=C1C3=CC=C2C(=O)O GGNDPFHHUHTCIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATXGLSORWQBLBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexa(undecoxy)triphenylene Chemical group C12=CC(OCCCCCCCCCCC)=C(OCCCCCCCCCCC)C=C2C2=CC(OCCCCCCCCCCC)=C(OCCCCCCCCCCC)C=C2C2=C1C=C(OCCCCCCCCCCC)C(OCCCCCCCCCCC)=C2 ATXGLSORWQBLBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NPZFFXIUURRHIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexakis(4-nonylphenyl)triphenylene Chemical group C1=CC(CCCCCCCCC)=CC=C1C1=CC(C2=CC(=C(C=3C=CC(CCCCCCCCC)=CC=3)C=C2C2=CC(=C(C=3C=CC(CCCCCCCCC)=CC=3)C=C22)C=3C=CC(CCCCCCCCC)=CC=3)C=3C=CC(CCCCCCCCC)=CC=3)=C2C=C1C1=CC=C(CCCCCCCCC)C=C1 NPZFFXIUURRHIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005808 2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl group Chemical group [H][#6]-1=[#6](-[#8]C([H])([H])[H])-[#6](-*)=[#6](-[#8]C([H])([H])[H])-[#6]([H])=[#6]-1-[#8]C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- KLIDCXVFHGNTTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethoxyphenol Chemical group COC1=CC=CC(OC)=C1O KLIDCXVFHGNTTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxychromen-4-one Chemical compound C=1C(OC)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IXHWGNYCZPISET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(dicyanomethylidene)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]propanedinitrile Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(=C(C#N)C#N)C(F)=C(F)C1=C(C#N)C#N IXHWGNYCZPISET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KNDAEDDIIQYRHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]-3-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C=1C(=NN(C=1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)CN1CCNCC1 KNDAEDDIIQYRHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004204 2-methoxyphenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C(OC([H])([H])[H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- XDXWNHPWWKGTKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 207739-72-8 Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1N(C=1C=C2C3(C4=CC(=CC=C4C2=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC(OC)=CC=1)C=1C=CC(OC)=CC=1)C1=CC(=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=C13)N(C=1C=CC(OC)=CC=1)C=1C=CC(OC)=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC(OC)=CC=1)C=1C=CC(OC)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 XDXWNHPWWKGTKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YEWTUGLUENRXFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-octylphenyl)-2-thiophen-2-ylthiophene Chemical compound C1=CC(CCCCCCCC)=CC=C1C1=C(C=2SC=CC=2)SC=C1 YEWTUGLUENRXFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VRQDSLZQWNGVEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[4-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]phenyl]thiophene Chemical compound C1=CC(OCCOCCOC)=CC=C1C1=CSC=C1 VRQDSLZQWNGVEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LZQGFZMYLYXXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chlorobenzene-1,2-dicarbonitrile Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(C#N)=C1C#N LZQGFZMYLYXXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GZEFZLXJPGMRSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 37,38,39,40-tetrazanonacyclo[28.6.1.13,10.112,19.121,28.04,9.013,18.022,27.031,36]tetraconta-1(37),2,4,6,8,10,12(39),13,15,17,19,21,23,25,27,29,31,33,35-nonadecaene Chemical compound c1ccc2c3cc4[nH]c(cc5nc(cc6[nH]c(cc(n3)c2c1)c1ccccc61)c1ccccc51)c1ccccc41 GZEFZLXJPGMRSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UZVMVUUAAXJDIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 37,38,39,40-tetrazanonacyclo[28.6.1.13,10.112,19.121,28.04,9.013,18.022,27.031,36]tetraconta-1(37),2,4,6,8,10,12(39),13,15,17,19,21,23,25,27,29,31,33,35-nonadecaene zinc Chemical compound [Zn].N1C(C=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(C=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=C4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1C=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 UZVMVUUAAXJDIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004801 4-cyanophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(C#N)=C([H])C([H])=C1* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004860 4-ethylphenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004861 4-isopropyl phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004172 4-methoxyphenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(OC([H])([H])[H])=C([H])C([H])=C1* 0.000 description 1
- DIVZFUBWFAOMCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-n-(3-methylphenyl)-1-n,1-n-bis[4-(n-(3-methylphenyl)anilino)phenyl]-4-n-phenylbenzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=C(C)C=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=C(C)C=CC=2)=C1 DIVZFUBWFAOMCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GZKPUYJFADMBGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,10,15,20-tetrapyridin-3-yl-21,23-dihydroporphyrin Chemical compound c1cc2nc1c(-c1cccnc1)c1ccc([nH]1)c(-c1cccnc1)c1ccc(n1)c(-c1cccnc1)c1ccc([nH]1)c2-c1cccnc1 GZKPUYJFADMBGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005964 Acibenzolar-S-methyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLLGXSLBOPFWQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N MGK 264 Chemical compound C1=CC2CC1C1C2C(=O)N(CC(CC)CCCC)C1=O WLLGXSLBOPFWQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101150026135 Ncln gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2] VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Para-Xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000280 Poly(3-octylthiophene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101100439738 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) CIC1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBDYBAVJXHJMNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydroanthracene Natural products C1=CC=C2C=C(CCCC3)C3=CC2=C1 XBDYBAVJXHJMNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000641 acridinyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- YVBOZGOAVJZITM-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium phosphomolybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]P([O-])=O.[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O YVBOZGOAVJZITM-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 1
- 125000002178 anthracenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003354 benzotriazolyl group Chemical group N1N=NC2=C1C=CC=C2* 0.000 description 1
- WDEQGLDWZMIMJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl 4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate Chemical compound OCC1CC(O)CN1C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WDEQGLDWZMIMJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000024 caesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 150000003857 carboxamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960001701 chloroform Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002676 chrysenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=C4C=CC=CC4=C3C=CC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010549 co-Evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MPMSMUBQXQALQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Co+2].C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 MPMSMUBQXQALQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILZSSCVGGYJLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobaltocene Chemical compound [Co+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 ILZSSCVGGYJLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940125898 compound 5 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DLKOGKBOBOTEFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper 37,38,39,40-tetrazanonacyclo[28.6.1.13,10.112,19.121,28.04,9.013,18.022,27.031,36]tetraconta-1(37),2,4,6,8,10,12(39),13,15,17,19,21,23,25,27,29,31,33,35-nonadecaene Chemical compound [Cu].N1C(C=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(C=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=C4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1C=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 DLKOGKBOBOTEFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NWFNSTOSIVLCJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;diacetate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O NWFNSTOSIVLCJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000001882 coronenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000582 cycloheptyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000640 cyclooctyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008056 dicarboxyimides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960001760 dimethyl sulfoxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000532 dioxanyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000609 electron-beam lithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000572 ellipsometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QRRKXCPLJGPVHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexabenzocoronene Chemical compound C12C(C(=C34)C(=C56)C7=C89)=C%10C7=C7C%11=CC=CC7=C8C=CC=C9C5=CC=CC6=C3C=CC=C4C1=CC=CC2=C1C%10=C%11C=CC1 QRRKXCPLJGPVHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002632 imidazolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003453 indazolyl group Chemical group N1N=C(C2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003454 indenyl group Chemical group C1(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001041 indolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004628 isothiazolidinyl group Chemical group S1N(CCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003965 isoxazolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000000040 m-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C(=C1[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- JIQNWFBLYKVZFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxycyclohexatriene Chemical compound COC1=C[C]=CC=C1 JIQNWFBLYKVZFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000000302 molecular modelling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004682 monohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003136 n-heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002790 naphthalenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002843 nonmetals Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003261 o-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000160 oxazolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001037 p-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- FZYQHMHIALEGMG-MVOHYUIRSA-N pcbb Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CCCC1([C@]23C4=C5C=CC6=C7C=CC8=C9C=CC%10=C%11C=CC%12=C(C=C4)[C@]31C1=C3C4=C2C5=C6C=2C7=C8C5=C9C%10=C(C3=C5C4=2)C%11=C%121)C1=CC=CC=C1 FZYQHMHIALEGMG-MVOHYUIRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BRVSNRNVRFLFLL-HQSVLGJOSA-N pcbo Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCC1([C@]23C4=C5C=CC6=C7C=CC8=C9C=CC%10=C%11C=CC%12=C(C=C4)[C@]31C1=C3C4=C2C5=C6C=2C7=C8C5=C9C%10=C(C3=C5C4=2)C%11=C%121)C1=CC=CC=C1 BRVSNRNVRFLFLL-HQSVLGJOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLIUAWYAILUBJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentacene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC5=CC=CC=C5C=C4C=C3C=C21 SLIUAWYAILUBJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002964 pentacenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001792 phenanthrenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical class C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 1
- 231100000289 photo-effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 125000003386 piperidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000264 poly(3',7'-dimethyloctyloxy phenylene vinylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003227 poly(N-vinyl carbazole) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006122 polyamide resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001088 polycarbazole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000414 polyfuran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013014 purified material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000561 purinyl group Chemical group N1=C(N=C2N=CNC2=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003072 pyrazolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001725 pyrenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002098 pyridazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000719 pyrrolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940043267 rhodamine b Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000565 sulfonamide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=C21 IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001935 tetracenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003718 tetrahydrofuranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001412 tetrahydropyranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003507 tetrahydrothiofenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000002230 thermal chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002207 thermal evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001149 thermolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001984 thiazolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005309 thioalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003577 thiophenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005259 triarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003643 triphenylenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
- C07D487/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B47/00—Porphines; Azaporphines
- C09B47/04—Phthalocyanines abbreviation: Pc
- C09B47/06—Preparation from carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. anhydrides, amides, mononitriles, phthalimide, o-cyanobenzamide
- C09B47/067—Preparation from carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. anhydrides, amides, mononitriles, phthalimide, o-cyanobenzamide from phthalodinitriles naphthalenedinitriles, aromatic dinitriles prepared in situ, hydrogenated phthalodinitrile
- C09B47/0671—Preparation from carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. anhydrides, amides, mononitriles, phthalimide, o-cyanobenzamide from phthalodinitriles naphthalenedinitriles, aromatic dinitriles prepared in situ, hydrogenated phthalodinitrile having halogen atoms linked directly to the Pc skeleton
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/30—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation comprising bulk heterojunctions, e.g. interpenetrating networks of donor and acceptor material domains
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/311—Phthalocyanine
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/20—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation comprising organic-organic junctions, e.g. donor-acceptor junctions
- H10K30/211—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation comprising organic-organic junctions, e.g. donor-acceptor junctions comprising multiple junctions, e.g. double heterojunctions
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/50—Photovoltaic [PV] devices
- H10K30/57—Photovoltaic [PV] devices comprising multiple junctions, e.g. tandem PV cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
- H10K85/113—Heteroaromatic compounds comprising sulfur or selene, e.g. polythiophene
- H10K85/1135—Polyethylene dioxythiophene [PEDOT]; Derivatives thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
- H10K85/115—Polyfluorene; Derivatives thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/20—Carbon compounds, e.g. carbon nanotubes or fullerenes
- H10K85/211—Fullerenes, e.g. C60
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/381—Metal complexes comprising a group IIB metal element, e.g. comprising cadmium, mercury or zinc
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Thin Film Transistor (AREA)
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US98417507P | 2007-10-31 | 2007-10-31 | |
| US60/984,175 | 2007-10-31 | ||
| PCT/EP2008/064796 WO2009056626A1 (en) | 2007-10-31 | 2008-10-31 | Use of halogenated phthalocyanines |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU2008320815A1 AU2008320815A1 (en) | 2009-05-07 |
| AU2008320815B2 true AU2008320815B2 (en) | 2014-07-03 |
Family
ID=40089994
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2008320815A Ceased AU2008320815B2 (en) | 2007-10-31 | 2008-10-31 | Use of halogenated phthalocyanines |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8658290B2 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP2212936A1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP5645666B2 (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR20100097662A (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN101842917B (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU2008320815B2 (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2009056626A1 (enExample) |
| ZA (1) | ZA201003792B (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (47)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL9401036A (nl) * | 1994-06-23 | 1996-02-01 | Tno | Anaerobe verwijdering van zwavelverbindingen uit afvalwater. |
| EP2280971A1 (en) * | 2008-03-19 | 2011-02-09 | Basf Se | N,n'-bis(fluorophenylalkyl)-substituted perylene-3,4:9,10-tetracarboximides, and the preparation and use thereof |
| DE102008039337A1 (de) * | 2008-03-20 | 2009-09-24 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Vorrichtung zum Besprühen, Verfahren dazu sowie organisches elektronisches Bauelement |
| KR101520285B1 (ko) | 2008-05-16 | 2015-05-14 | 가부시키가이샤 한도오따이 에네루기 켄큐쇼 | 발광소자 및 전자기기 |
| KR100981969B1 (ko) * | 2008-08-18 | 2010-09-13 | 삼성모바일디스플레이주식회사 | 유기 발광 소자 |
| EP2335299B1 (en) * | 2008-09-09 | 2018-01-10 | Technion Research & Development Foundation Ltd. | Derivatized fullerene-based dopants for organic semiconductors |
| KR20110074522A (ko) * | 2008-09-19 | 2011-06-30 | 바스프 에스이 | 유기 태양 전지에서의 디벤조테트라페닐페리플란텐의 용도 |
| US8847066B2 (en) * | 2009-05-19 | 2014-09-30 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Graded organic photovoltaic device |
| AU2010252080A1 (en) * | 2009-05-26 | 2011-11-17 | Basf Se | Use of phthalocyanine compounds with aryl or hetaryl substituents in organic solar cells |
| DE102009051142B4 (de) * | 2009-06-05 | 2019-06-27 | Heliatek Gmbh | Photoaktives Bauelement mit invertierter Schichtfolge und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
| GB0912041D0 (en) * | 2009-07-10 | 2009-08-19 | Cambridge Entpr Ltd | Optoelectronic devices |
| JP5469943B2 (ja) * | 2009-07-16 | 2014-04-16 | 出光興産株式会社 | 光電変換素子 |
| KR101087903B1 (ko) * | 2009-07-30 | 2011-11-30 | 한양대학교 산학협력단 | 양면 수광 유기태양전지 |
| AU2011216899B2 (en) * | 2010-02-19 | 2015-08-20 | Basf Se | Use of indanthrene compounds in organic photovoltaics |
| KR101097336B1 (ko) * | 2010-02-26 | 2011-12-23 | 삼성모바일디스플레이주식회사 | 전면발광형 유기 발광 소자 |
| US20130000719A1 (en) * | 2010-03-15 | 2013-01-03 | Ocean's King Lighting Science & Technology Co. Ltd | Organic solar cell and method for manufacturing the same |
| JP2011208387A (ja) * | 2010-03-29 | 2011-10-20 | Miwa Lock Co Ltd | 可視光通信発電システム |
| US9505770B2 (en) | 2010-04-09 | 2016-11-29 | The Arizona Board Of Regents Of Behalf Of The University Of Arizona | Organic photovoltaic devices comprising solution-processed substituted metal-phthalocyanines and exhibiting near-IR photo-sensitivity |
| JP5598847B2 (ja) * | 2010-06-30 | 2014-10-01 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | 光電変換素子及び太陽電池 |
| US8929054B2 (en) * | 2010-07-21 | 2015-01-06 | Cleanvolt Energy, Inc. | Use of organic and organometallic high dielectric constant material for improved energy storage devices and associated methods |
| KR101117127B1 (ko) * | 2010-08-06 | 2012-02-24 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 비정질 실리콘 태양전지와 유기 태양전지를 이용한 탠덤형 태양전지 |
| US20120060907A1 (en) * | 2010-09-13 | 2012-03-15 | University Of Central Florida | Photovoltaic cell structure and method including common cathode |
| US9029837B2 (en) * | 2010-10-12 | 2015-05-12 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Photoactive devices including porphyrinoids with coordinating additives |
| JP5571525B2 (ja) * | 2010-10-20 | 2014-08-13 | ローム株式会社 | 有機薄膜太陽電池およびその製造方法 |
| US8962994B2 (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2015-02-24 | Xerox Corporation | Photovoltaic device |
| US9012772B2 (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2015-04-21 | Xerox Corporation | Photovoltaic device |
| WO2012141347A1 (ko) * | 2011-04-12 | 2012-10-18 | 메디소스플러스 주식회사 | 유기 태양 전지의 광활성층의 제조방법 및 이를 이용한 유기 태양 전지 |
| KR101919182B1 (ko) * | 2011-08-03 | 2018-11-15 | 썬 케미칼 코포레이션 | 프탈로시아닌 합성 |
| KR101942423B1 (ko) * | 2011-09-09 | 2019-04-12 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 광 다이오드 |
| CN102675349B (zh) * | 2012-05-03 | 2014-09-03 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | 并吡咯二酮-酞菁共轭衍生物及其制备方法与应用 |
| US9005357B2 (en) * | 2012-05-24 | 2015-04-14 | Agency For Science, Technology And Research | Method of preparing molybdenum oxide films |
| US20150228917A1 (en) * | 2012-09-19 | 2015-08-13 | Northeastern University | Optoelectronic Devices Based on Heterojunctions of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Silicon |
| CN103346270A (zh) * | 2013-05-21 | 2013-10-09 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 一种有机电致发光器件及显示装置 |
| EP3063233A1 (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2016-09-07 | SABIC Global Technologies B.V. | Process for making axially fluorinated-phthalocyanines and their use in photovoltaic applications |
| DE102014114224A1 (de) | 2014-09-30 | 2016-03-31 | Osram Oled Gmbh | Organisches elektronisches Bauteil, Verwendung eines Zinkkomplexes als p-Dotierungsmittel für organische elektronische Matrixmaterialien |
| CN104795510B (zh) * | 2014-12-11 | 2017-08-25 | 云南大学 | 基于俄歇电子注入的超低电压oled器件 |
| CN104530058B (zh) * | 2014-12-26 | 2016-09-14 | 天津大学 | 八氟取代酞菁的制备方法 |
| KR102376426B1 (ko) * | 2015-05-04 | 2022-03-22 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 녹색 컬러필터용 감광성 조성물 |
| US9882153B2 (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2018-01-30 | International Business Machines Corporation | Organic monolayer passivation and silicon heterojunction photovoltaic devices using the same |
| KR102356696B1 (ko) | 2015-07-03 | 2022-01-26 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 유기 광전 소자 및 이미지 센서 |
| JP2016106437A (ja) * | 2016-03-17 | 2016-06-16 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 光電変換装置 |
| KR102012711B1 (ko) * | 2016-04-05 | 2019-08-21 | 한국화학연구원 | 높은 내열성을 가지는 페로브스카이트 태양전지 |
| CN108630812A (zh) * | 2017-03-17 | 2018-10-09 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | 罗丹明材料在有机太阳能电池中的应用 |
| KR102649294B1 (ko) * | 2018-02-06 | 2024-03-19 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 컬러 필터가 없는 유기 이미지 센서 |
| US11107860B2 (en) | 2018-02-06 | 2021-08-31 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Organic image sensors without color filters |
| CN113135926A (zh) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-07-20 | 昆明学院 | 新晶体结构酞菁铟纳米线及其制备方法 |
| WO2025187350A1 (ja) * | 2024-03-06 | 2025-09-12 | パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 | 光電変換素子、撮像装置およびカメラシステム |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH08199161A (ja) * | 1995-01-26 | 1996-08-06 | Mitsubishi Chem Corp | 有機電界発光素子 |
| JPH10213912A (ja) * | 1997-01-30 | 1998-08-11 | Sharp Corp | 電子写真感光体 |
| US6307147B1 (en) * | 1997-05-08 | 2001-10-23 | Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey | Organic dyes for photovoltaic cells and for photoconductive electrophotography systems |
| WO2005085365A1 (ja) * | 2004-03-04 | 2005-09-15 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | フタロシアニン組成物並びにそれを用いた光導電性材料、電子写真感光体、電子写真感光体カートリッジ及び画像形成装置 |
| US20060060239A1 (en) * | 2004-09-22 | 2006-03-23 | Peter Peumans | Organic photosensitive devices |
Family Cites Families (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0029599B1 (de) | 1979-11-22 | 1985-02-20 | Bühler AG | Fördereinrichtung zur steilen Entladung von Schiffen und sonstigen Behältern |
| JPH0716021B2 (ja) | 1988-09-16 | 1995-02-22 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 光起電力装置及びその製造方法 |
| TW399338B (en) | 1997-11-24 | 2000-07-21 | Lucent Technologies Inc | Method of making an organic thin film transistor and article made by the method |
| US20040067324A1 (en) * | 2002-09-13 | 2004-04-08 | Lazarev Pavel I | Organic photosensitive optoelectronic device |
| CN100466125C (zh) | 2005-04-18 | 2009-03-04 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | 含有有机异质结的电接触材料及其器件 |
| DE102005053995A1 (de) | 2005-11-10 | 2007-05-24 | Basf Ag | Verwendung von Rylenderivaten als Photosensibilisatoren in Solarzellen |
| JP4802671B2 (ja) * | 2005-11-10 | 2011-10-26 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 低分子有機薄膜を備える有機ｅｌ素子 |
| DE102005061997A1 (de) | 2005-12-23 | 2007-07-05 | Basf Ag | Naphthalintetracarbonsäurederivate und deren Verwendung |
| US7795145B2 (en) | 2006-02-15 | 2010-09-14 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Patterning crystalline compounds on surfaces |
| EP1987092B1 (de) | 2006-02-17 | 2013-05-22 | Basf Se | Fluorierte rylentetracarbonsäurederivate und deren verwendung |
| JP2007242836A (ja) | 2006-03-08 | 2007-09-20 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | 薄膜トランジスタおよびその製造方法 |
| US20080090325A1 (en) | 2006-10-17 | 2008-04-17 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Method for producing organic field-effect transistors |
| EP2022105B1 (en) | 2006-05-04 | 2011-08-10 | Basf Se | Method for producing organic field-effect transistors |
| US20070259475A1 (en) | 2006-05-04 | 2007-11-08 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Method for producing organic field-effect transistors |
| US20070269924A1 (en) | 2006-05-18 | 2007-11-22 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Patterning nanowires on surfaces for fabricating nanoscale electronic devices |
| EP2029573B1 (de) | 2006-05-30 | 2011-10-26 | Basf Se | Dibenzorylentetracarbonsäurediimide als infrarotabsorber |
| US20080009092A1 (en) | 2006-07-06 | 2008-01-10 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Use of chlorinated copper phthalocyanines as air-stable n-channel organic semiconductors |
| US20080035914A1 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2008-02-14 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Use of perylene diimide derivatives as air-stable n-channel organic semiconductors |
| US20080087878A1 (en) | 2006-10-17 | 2008-04-17 | Basf Akiengesellschaft | Use of perylene diimide derivatives as air-stable n-channel organic semiconductors |
| US20080054258A1 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2008-03-06 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Use of perylene diimide derivatives as air-stable n-channel organic semiconductors |
| ATE517900T1 (de) | 2006-11-02 | 2011-08-15 | Basf Se | Heptarylen-und octarylentetracarbonsäurediimide und deren herstellung |
| JP2010508326A (ja) | 2006-11-02 | 2010-03-18 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア | ペンタリレンテトラカルボン酸ジイミド及びヘキサリレンテトラカルボン酸ジイミド並びにそれらの製造 |
| US20090078312A1 (en) | 2007-09-18 | 2009-03-26 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur herstellung von mit rylentetracarbonsaeurediimiden beschichteten substraten |
| EP2280971A1 (en) | 2008-03-19 | 2011-02-09 | Basf Se | N,n'-bis(fluorophenylalkyl)-substituted perylene-3,4:9,10-tetracarboximides, and the preparation and use thereof |
-
2008
- 2008-10-31 AU AU2008320815A patent/AU2008320815B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2008-10-31 WO PCT/EP2008/064796 patent/WO2009056626A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2008-10-31 US US12/738,947 patent/US8658290B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-10-31 KR KR1020107011885A patent/KR20100097662A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2008-10-31 CN CN200880114186.6A patent/CN101842917B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-10-31 EP EP08844005A patent/EP2212936A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-10-31 JP JP2010531533A patent/JP5645666B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2010
- 2010-05-27 ZA ZA2010/03792A patent/ZA201003792B/en unknown
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH08199161A (ja) * | 1995-01-26 | 1996-08-06 | Mitsubishi Chem Corp | 有機電界発光素子 |
| JPH10213912A (ja) * | 1997-01-30 | 1998-08-11 | Sharp Corp | 電子写真感光体 |
| US6307147B1 (en) * | 1997-05-08 | 2001-10-23 | Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey | Organic dyes for photovoltaic cells and for photoconductive electrophotography systems |
| WO2005085365A1 (ja) * | 2004-03-04 | 2005-09-15 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | フタロシアニン組成物並びにそれを用いた光導電性材料、電子写真感光体、電子写真感光体カートリッジ及び画像形成装置 |
| US20060060239A1 (en) * | 2004-09-22 | 2006-03-23 | Peter Peumans | Organic photosensitive devices |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| PIETRO W. J., "Rectifying Junctions Based on Metallophthalocyanine Thin Films", Adv. Mater., (1994), Vol. 6, No. 3, pg 239-242 * |
| REDDY,K. R. V. et. al., Dyes and Pigments, (2003), Vol. 59, pg 237-244 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101842917B (zh) | 2012-10-03 |
| KR20100097662A (ko) | 2010-09-03 |
| US20100207114A1 (en) | 2010-08-19 |
| AU2008320815A1 (en) | 2009-05-07 |
| EP2212936A1 (en) | 2010-08-04 |
| CN101842917A (zh) | 2010-09-22 |
| WO2009056626A1 (en) | 2009-05-07 |
| US8658290B2 (en) | 2014-02-25 |
| JP2011504292A (ja) | 2011-02-03 |
| ZA201003792B (en) | 2014-08-27 |
| JP5645666B2 (ja) | 2014-12-24 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| AU2008320815B2 (en) | Use of halogenated phthalocyanines | |
| CN102449795B (zh) | 具有芳基或杂芳基取代基的酞菁化合物在有机太阳能电池中的用途 | |
| EP3036782B1 (en) | New absorber for organic heterojunction solar cells | |
| US20110168248A1 (en) | Use of dibenzotetraphenylperiflanthene in organic solar cells | |
| US20090078312A1 (en) | Verfahren zur herstellung von mit rylentetracarbonsaeurediimiden beschichteten substraten | |
| JP2012528101A5 (enExample) | ||
| CN102549792B (zh) | 生产有机太阳能电池和有机光检测器用光活性层的混合物 | |
| JP2012507169A (ja) | 有機太陽電池用および有機光検出器用の光活性層を形成するためのメロシアニン | |
| CN102947964A (zh) | 取代苝在有机太阳能电池中的用途 | |
| US20100171108A1 (en) | Use of n,n'-bis(1,1-dihydroperfluoro-c3-c5-alkyl)-perylene-3,4:9,10- tetracarboxylic diimides | |
| KR20130004907A (ko) | 유기 광전 변환 소자에서의 인단트렌 화합물의 용도 | |
| CN105980300B (zh) | 富勒烯衍生物、使用其的有机太阳能电池及其制造方法 | |
| US20120234380A1 (en) | Terrylene compounds, preparation thereof and use thereof in organic solar cells | |
| Almeida et al. | Organic and Hybrid Solar Cells Based on Small Molecules | |
| WO2015059647A1 (en) | Crystalline form of n,n'-bis-(heptafluorobutyl)-2,6-dichloro-1,4,5,8-naphthalene tetracarboxylic diimide and the use thereof | |
| WO2012123888A1 (en) | Terrylene compounds, preparation thereof and use thereof in organic solar cells | |
| HK1191966A (en) | Organic photosensitive devices comprising aryl squaraines and methods of making the same | |
| CN105026406A (zh) | 第ⅲ族金属的芳氧基-酞菁 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FGA | Letters patent sealed or granted (standard patent) | ||
| MK14 | Patent ceased section 143(a) (annual fees not paid) or expired |