ATE528396T1 - Look-through-mutagenese zur entwicklung veränderter polypeptide mit verbesserten eigenschaften - Google Patents

Look-through-mutagenese zur entwicklung veränderter polypeptide mit verbesserten eigenschaften

Info

Publication number
ATE528396T1
ATE528396T1 AT05809866T AT05809866T ATE528396T1 AT E528396 T1 ATE528396 T1 AT E528396T1 AT 05809866 T AT05809866 T AT 05809866T AT 05809866 T AT05809866 T AT 05809866T AT E528396 T1 ATE528396 T1 AT E528396T1
Authority
AT
Austria
Prior art keywords
polypeptide
amino acids
mutagenesis
libraries
look
Prior art date
Application number
AT05809866T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Roberto Crea
Original Assignee
Bioren Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bioren Inc filed Critical Bioren Inc
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ATE528396T1 publication Critical patent/ATE528396T1/de

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N15/00Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/10Processes for the isolation, preparation or purification of DNA or RNA
    • C12N15/102Mutagenizing nucleic acids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/18Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N15/00Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/10Processes for the isolation, preparation or purification of DNA or RNA
    • C12N15/1034Isolating an individual clone by screening libraries
    • C12N15/1093General methods of preparing gene libraries, not provided for in other subgroups
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/68Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
    • G01N33/6854Immunoglobulins
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/68Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
    • G01N33/6854Immunoglobulins
    • G01N33/6857Antibody fragments
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/50Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments
    • C07K2317/56Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments variable (Fv) region, i.e. VH and/or VL
    • C07K2317/565Complementarity determining region [CDR]
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/60Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by non-natural combinations of immunoglobulin fragments
    • C07K2317/62Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by non-natural combinations of immunoglobulin fragments comprising only variable region components
    • C07K2317/622Single chain antibody (scFv)
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/90Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by (pharmaco)kinetic aspects or by stability of the immunoglobulin
    • C07K2317/92Affinity (KD), association rate (Ka), dissociation rate (Kd) or EC50 value

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Cell Biology (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Computational Biology (AREA)
  • Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
  • Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
  • Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Enzymes And Modification Thereof (AREA)
AT05809866T 2004-07-06 2005-07-06 Look-through-mutagenese zur entwicklung veränderter polypeptide mit verbesserten eigenschaften ATE528396T1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US58591804P 2004-07-06 2004-07-06
PCT/US2005/024140 WO2006023144A2 (en) 2004-07-06 2005-07-06 Look-through mutagenesis for developing altered polypeptides with enhanced properties

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
ATE528396T1 true ATE528396T1 (de) 2011-10-15

Family

ID=35968026

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AT05809866T ATE528396T1 (de) 2004-07-06 2005-07-06 Look-through-mutagenese zur entwicklung veränderter polypeptide mit verbesserten eigenschaften

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US9012369B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1774019B1 (de)
JP (2) JP4939410B2 (de)
AT (1) ATE528396T1 (de)
BR (1) BRPI0513155B1 (de)
CA (1) CA2572917C (de)
ES (1) ES2372503T3 (de)
MX (1) MX2007000105A (de)
WO (1) WO2006023144A2 (de)

Families Citing this family (70)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9321832B2 (en) 2002-06-28 2016-04-26 Domantis Limited Ligand
DK3056568T3 (da) 2006-03-31 2021-11-01 Chugai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd Fremgangsmåder til kontrollering af antistoffers blodfarmakokinetik
EP2012829A4 (de) * 2006-04-24 2010-04-21 Protelix Inc Verfahren zur herstellung eines viralen impfstoffes und therapeutischer peptid-antigene
WO2008020079A1 (en) 2006-08-18 2008-02-21 Ablynx N.V. Amino acid sequences directed against il-6r and polypeptides comprising the same for the treatment of deseases and disorders associated with il-6-mediated signalling
WO2009008908A2 (en) 2007-02-12 2009-01-15 Codexis, Inc. Structure-activity relationships
EP2390315B1 (de) * 2007-07-12 2014-11-19 New England Biolabs, Inc. Restriktionsendonukleasen mit hoher Fidelität
MX2010003329A (es) * 2007-09-26 2010-04-27 Chugai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd Anticuerpo anti-receptor de il-6.
KR102467302B1 (ko) 2007-09-26 2022-11-14 추가이 세이야쿠 가부시키가이샤 항체 정상영역 개변체
EP3689912A1 (de) 2007-09-26 2020-08-05 Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha Verfahren zur modifizierung eines isoelektrischen punkts eines antikörpers über aminosäuresubstitution in cdr
JP2011504740A (ja) 2007-11-27 2011-02-17 アブリンクス エン.ヴェー. ヘテロ二量体サイトカイン及び/又はこれらの受容体に指向性を有するアミノ酸配列、並びにこれを含むポリペプチド
WO2009088924A2 (en) * 2007-12-31 2009-07-16 Xoma Technology Ltd. Methods and materials for targeted affinity enhancement
KR102057826B1 (ko) 2008-04-11 2019-12-20 추가이 세이야쿠 가부시키가이샤 복수 분자의 항원에 반복 결합하는 항원 결합 분자
EA201001734A1 (ru) 2008-05-02 2011-10-31 Новартис Аг Улучшенные связывающие молекулы на основе фибронектина и их применение
TWI440469B (zh) 2008-09-26 2014-06-11 Chugai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd Improved antibody molecules
EP3674317B1 (de) 2009-03-19 2024-12-11 Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha Variante einer konstanten antikörperregion
US9228017B2 (en) 2009-03-19 2016-01-05 Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha Antibody constant region variant
WO2010111707A1 (en) 2009-03-27 2010-09-30 Sapphire Energy, Inc. Variant isoprenoid producing enzymes and uses thereof
JP5647222B2 (ja) 2009-04-10 2014-12-24 アブリンクス エン.ヴェー. Il−6r関連疾患及び障害の治療のためのil−6rに指向性を有する改善されたアミノ酸配列及びこれを含むポリペプチド
EP2417162A2 (de) 2009-04-10 2012-02-15 Ablynx N.V. Verbesserte, gegen il-6r gerichtete amiinosäuresequenzen und polypeptide, die diese enthalten, zur behandlung von krankheiten und erkrankungen, die mit il-6r in zusammenhang stehen
SG176095A1 (en) 2009-06-05 2011-12-29 Ablynx Nv Monovalent, bivalent and trivalent anti human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) nanobody constructs for the prevention and/or treatment of respiratory tract infections
US8518405B2 (en) * 2009-10-08 2013-08-27 The University Of North Carolina At Charlotte Tumor specific antibodies and uses therefor
WO2011051327A2 (en) 2009-10-30 2011-05-05 Novartis Ag Small antibody-like single chain proteins
WO2011051466A1 (en) 2009-11-02 2011-05-05 Novartis Ag Anti-idiotypic fibronectin-based binding molecules and uses thereof
US9644022B2 (en) 2009-11-30 2017-05-09 Ablynx N.V. Amino acid sequences directed against human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) and polypeptides comprising the same for the prevention and/or treatment of respiratory tract infections
WO2011092233A1 (en) 2010-01-29 2011-08-04 Novartis Ag Yeast mating to produce high-affinity combinations of fibronectin-based binders
KR20130136443A (ko) 2010-07-30 2013-12-12 노파르티스 아게 피브로넥틴 크레이들 분자 및 그의 라이브러리
CN103339145A (zh) * 2010-09-22 2013-10-02 安姆根有限公司 运载体免疫球蛋白及其用途
US9845362B2 (en) 2010-10-08 2017-12-19 The University Of North Carolina At Charlotte Compositions comprising chimeric antigen receptors, T cells comprising the same, and methods of using the same
TWI761912B (zh) 2010-11-30 2022-04-21 日商中外製藥股份有限公司 具有鈣依存性的抗原結合能力之抗體
EP3311837A1 (de) 2011-09-23 2018-04-25 Ablynx NV Verlängerte hemmung der interleukin-6-vermittelten signalisierung
HRP20201513T1 (hr) 2011-10-11 2020-12-11 Viela Bio, Inc. Cd40l-specifični tn3-izvedeni skeleti i postupci njihove uporabe
JP6124800B2 (ja) 2011-11-30 2017-05-10 中外製薬株式会社 免疫複合体を形成する細胞内への運搬体(キャリア)を含む医薬
MX2014010495A (es) 2012-03-02 2014-11-14 Ablynx Nv Polipeptidos que enlazan a pcrv.
WO2014087010A1 (en) 2012-12-07 2014-06-12 Ablynx N.V. IMPROVED POLYPEPTIDES DIRECTED AGAINST IgE
EP2949789B1 (de) 2013-01-24 2021-07-28 AbTLAS Co., Ltd. Auf einer proteinkombination basierende fv-bibliothek und herstellungsverfahren dafür
US20160069897A1 (en) * 2013-04-25 2016-03-10 Suthro Biopharma, Inc. Selection of fab fragments using ribosomal display technology
EP2989202B1 (de) 2013-04-25 2019-04-10 Sutro Biopharma, Inc. Die verwendung des lambda-gam proteins in der ribosomen-display-technologie
WO2014200018A1 (ja) 2013-06-11 2014-12-18 独立行政法人 国立精神・神経医療研究センター 再発寛解型多発性硬化症(rrms)患者の治療予後予測方法、及び新規治療適応判断方法
EP3722442B1 (de) 2013-08-05 2023-04-05 Twist Bioscience Corporation De-novo-synthetisierte genbanken
US11554181B2 (en) 2014-09-05 2023-01-17 The University Of North Carolina At Charlotte Tumor specific antibody conjugates and uses therefor
EP3209327A1 (de) 2014-10-21 2017-08-30 Ablynx N.V. Behandlung von il-6r-bedingten erkrankungen
US10669304B2 (en) 2015-02-04 2020-06-02 Twist Bioscience Corporation Methods and devices for de novo oligonucleic acid assembly
TWI805046B (zh) 2015-02-27 2023-06-11 日商中外製藥股份有限公司 Il-6受體抗體用於製備醫藥組成物的用途
US10683340B2 (en) 2015-03-12 2020-06-16 Medimmune, Llc Method of purifying albumin-fusion proteins
US9981239B2 (en) 2015-04-21 2018-05-29 Twist Bioscience Corporation Devices and methods for oligonucleic acid library synthesis
JP6875683B2 (ja) 2015-05-19 2021-05-26 国立研究開発法人国立精神・神経医療研究センター 多発性硬化症(ms)患者の新規治療適用判断方法
US10526597B2 (en) 2015-05-21 2020-01-07 Full Spectrum Genetics, Inc. Method of improving characteristics of proteins
CA2998169A1 (en) 2015-09-18 2017-03-23 Twist Bioscience Corporation Oligonucleic acid variant libraries and synthesis thereof
US11512347B2 (en) 2015-09-22 2022-11-29 Twist Bioscience Corporation Flexible substrates for nucleic acid synthesis
CN108603307A (zh) 2015-12-01 2018-09-28 特韦斯特生物科学公司 功能化表面及其制备
USD782516S1 (en) 2016-01-19 2017-03-28 Apple Inc. Display screen or portion thereof with graphical user interface
CN109996876A (zh) 2016-08-22 2019-07-09 特韦斯特生物科学公司 从头合成的核酸文库
CN110248724B (zh) 2016-09-21 2022-11-18 特韦斯特生物科学公司 基于核酸的数据存储
CN110366613A (zh) 2016-12-16 2019-10-22 特韦斯特生物科学公司 免疫突触的变体文库及其合成
SG11201907713WA (en) 2017-02-22 2019-09-27 Twist Bioscience Corp Nucleic acid based data storage
AU2018234629A1 (en) 2017-03-15 2019-10-17 Twist Bioscience Corporation Variant libraries of the immunological synapse and synthesis thereof
US11851486B2 (en) 2017-05-02 2023-12-26 National Center Of Neurology And Psychiatry Method for predicting and evaluating therapeutic effect in diseases related to IL-6 and neutrophils
IL271205B2 (en) 2017-06-12 2025-02-01 Twist Bioscience Corp Methods for assembling continuous nucleic acids
WO2018231864A1 (en) 2017-06-12 2018-12-20 Twist Bioscience Corporation Methods for seamless nucleic acid assembly
WO2019051501A1 (en) 2017-09-11 2019-03-14 Twist Bioscience Corporation PROTEINS BINDING TO GPCR AND METHODS OF SYNTHESIS
EP3698808B1 (de) 2017-10-20 2025-01-01 Hyogo College Of Medicine Anti-il-6 rezeptorantikörper enthaltende medizinische zusammensetzung zur verhinderung von postoperativer adhäsion
EP3697529B1 (de) 2017-10-20 2023-05-24 Twist Bioscience Corporation Beheizte nanowells für polynukleotidsynthese
CA3088911A1 (en) 2018-01-04 2019-07-11 Twist Bioscience Corporation Dna-based storage device and method for synthesizing polynucleotides using the device
IL278771B2 (en) 2018-05-18 2025-09-01 Twist Bioscience Corp Polynucleotides, reagents and methods for nucleic acid hybridization
US12357959B2 (en) 2018-12-26 2025-07-15 Twist Bioscience Corporation Highly accurate de novo polynucleotide synthesis
KR20210143766A (ko) 2019-02-26 2021-11-29 트위스트 바이오사이언스 코포레이션 Glp1 수용체에 대한 변이체 핵산 라이브러리
US11492728B2 (en) 2019-02-26 2022-11-08 Twist Bioscience Corporation Variant nucleic acid libraries for antibody optimization
JP2022550497A (ja) 2019-06-21 2022-12-02 ツイスト バイオサイエンス コーポレーション バーコードに基づいた核酸配列アセンブリ
EP4464827A3 (de) 2019-09-23 2025-02-26 Twist Bioscience Corporation Varianten von nukleinsäurebibliotheken für crth2
WO2021061842A1 (en) 2019-09-23 2021-04-01 Twist Bioscience Corporation Variant nucleic acid libraries for single domain antibodies

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE69112207T2 (de) 1990-04-05 1996-03-28 Roberto Chestnut Hill Mass. Crea "walk-through"-mutagenese.
WO2001032712A2 (en) * 1999-11-03 2001-05-10 Maxygen, Inc. Antibody diversity generation
JP2003516755A (ja) * 1999-12-15 2003-05-20 ジェネンテック・インコーポレーテッド ショットガン走査、すなわち機能性タンパク質エピトープをマッピングするための組み合わせ方法
US7647184B2 (en) * 2001-08-27 2010-01-12 Hanall Pharmaceuticals, Co. Ltd High throughput directed evolution by rational mutagenesis
CA2482769C (en) * 2002-04-17 2013-10-08 Roberto Crea "doping" in walk-through mutagenesis
ATE438852T1 (de) * 2002-04-17 2009-08-15 Bioren Inc Universelle banken für immunoglobuline
CN1836041A (zh) * 2003-06-27 2006-09-20 比奥伦公司 浏览突变

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP4939410B2 (ja) 2012-05-23
ES2372503T3 (es) 2012-01-20
BRPI0513155A (pt) 2008-04-29
US9012369B2 (en) 2015-04-21
EP1774019B1 (de) 2011-10-12
MX2007000105A (es) 2007-07-18
CA2572917C (en) 2012-04-03
EP1774019A4 (de) 2009-05-20
JP2012041347A (ja) 2012-03-01
WO2006023144A3 (en) 2006-08-17
WO2006023144A2 (en) 2006-03-02
EP1774019A2 (de) 2007-04-18
BRPI0513155B1 (pt) 2021-07-20
JP2008505642A (ja) 2008-02-28
US20080214406A1 (en) 2008-09-04
CA2572917A1 (en) 2006-03-02

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
ATE528396T1 (de) Look-through-mutagenese zur entwicklung veränderter polypeptide mit verbesserten eigenschaften
WO2005003345A3 (en) Look-through mutagenesis
Lomonte et al. Strategies in ‘snake venomics’ aiming at an integrative view of compositional, functional, and immunological characteristics of venoms
Camporeale et al. K8 and K12 are biotinylated in human histone H4
ES2078518T3 (es) Mutagenesis por desplazamiento completo.
Lowenthal et al. Quantitative bottom-up proteomics depends on digestion conditions
WO2003099999A3 (en) Generation and selection of protein library in silico
WO2002042427A3 (en) Mass tags for quantitative analysis
BR0112119A (pt) Polipeptìdeo isolado, molécula de ácido nucléico isolado, vetor, célula hospedeira recombinante, método de produzir a proteìna zcyto21, anticorpo ou fragmento de anticorpo, método de detectar a presença da expressão do gene zcyto21 em uma amostra biológica
Righetti et al. The proteome buccaneers: how to unearth your treasure chest via combinatorial peptide ligand libraries
DE60109490D1 (de) Umgekehrtes labelierungsverfahren zur schnellen identifikation von marker/ziel-proteinen
EA201170762A1 (ru) Способы отбора устойчивых к протеазе полипептидов
Fu et al. rMCP-2, the major rat mucosal mast cell protease, an analysis of its extended cleavage specificity and its potential role in regulating intestinal permeability by the cleavage of cell adhesion and junction proteins
Ma et al. Differential proteomic analysis of platelets suggested possible signal cascades network in platelets treated with salvianolic acid B
ES2079621T3 (es) Procedimiento de identificacion o de titulacion de proteinas y aplicaciones.
Fiebig et al. Structure of the dispase autolysis-inducing protein from Streptomyces mobaraensis and glutamine cross-linking sites for transglutaminase
ATE223971T1 (de) Neue methoden zum auffinden von liganden- und ziel-biomolekülen
SE0302559D0 (sv) Method
ATE288589T1 (de) Verfahren zur analyse von proteinen
CN117912595A (zh) 机器学习辅助筛选及制备dpp-4抑制肽的方法
DE69927691D1 (de) Verfahren zur eiweissanalyse
WO2005005990A3 (en) Inverse labeling method for the rapid identification of marker target proteins
Zoumaro-Djayoon et al. Targeted analysis of tyrosine phosphorylation by immuno-affinity enrichment of tyrosine phosphorylated peptides prior to mass spectrometric analysis
Fu et al. Chicken cathepsin G-like-A highly specific serine protease with a peculiar tryptase specificity expressed by chicken thrombocytes
Sato et al. Towards the molecular dissection of fertilization signaling: Our functional genomic/proteomic strategies

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
RER Ceased as to paragraph 5 lit. 3 law introducing patent treaties