AT396477B - Geniessbares schmiermittel mit zusatz von schmierwirkungsverbessernden estern aus fettsäuren und höheren alkoholen - Google Patents

Geniessbares schmiermittel mit zusatz von schmierwirkungsverbessernden estern aus fettsäuren und höheren alkoholen Download PDF

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Publication number
AT396477B
AT396477B AT0173590A AT173590A AT396477B AT 396477 B AT396477 B AT 396477B AT 0173590 A AT0173590 A AT 0173590A AT 173590 A AT173590 A AT 173590A AT 396477 B AT396477 B AT 396477B
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Prior art keywords
lubricant
edible
additives
esters
derivative
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AT0173590A
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ATA173590A (de
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Gerfrid Dipl Ing Newesely
Rudolf Dipl Ing Kauders
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Technol Mineraloel Veredlungs
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Priority to AT0173590A priority Critical patent/AT396477B/de
Priority to CS922719A priority patent/CZ271992A3/cs
Priority to DE4229383A priority patent/DE4229383C2/de
Publication of ATA173590A publication Critical patent/ATA173590A/de
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Publication of AT396477B publication Critical patent/AT396477B/de

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    • C10M169/00Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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    • C10M101/02Petroleum fractions
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    • C10M107/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M107/02Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
    • C10M107/08Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation containing butene
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    • C10M129/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/04Hydroxy compounds
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    • C10M129/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/04Hydroxy compounds
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    • C10M129/08Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least 2 hydroxy groups
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    • C10M129/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
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    • C10M133/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/04Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
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    • C10M159/02Natural products
    • C10M159/08Fatty oils
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    • C10M169/04Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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Description

AT396477B
Die Erfindung betrifft ein eßbares Schmiermittel, das vor allem in Hochdruckkompressoren verwendet weiden kann.
Als "eßbar" oder "genießbar" bezeichnete, also praktisch ungiftige Schmiermittel benötigt man bekanntlich zur Schmierung von Maschinenteilen, wenn Anteile - meist nur Spuren - des Schmiermittels mittelbar oder unmittelbar in Nahrungs-, Genuß- und Lebensmittel gelangen können. Sie sind aber auch im Hinblick auf die geringere Schädlichkeit für die Umwelt von Vorteil, verglichen mit herkömmlichen, manchmal giftige Substanzen enthaltenden Schmiermitteln. Eßbare Substanzen sind entweder a) ungiftig und verdaulich, wie beispielsweise pflanzliche und tierische Fette und Öle oder b) ungiftig, weil unlöslich und chemisch inert, wie beispielsweise Paraffinum-liquidum, das unverdaut ausgeschieden wird.
Das erfindungsgemäße Schmiermittel ist ein Gemisch bestehend zum Großteil aus der Gruppe b) in Form der Basis-Schmiermittelmischung sowie aus den eßbaren Stoffen der Gruß» a) in Form von Additiven.
Es eignet sich insbesondere für Hochdruckkompressoren, die zur Herstellung von Polyolefinen (Hochdruck-Polyäthylen und -Polypropylen) aus den entsprechenden monomeren Gasen dienen, wobei diese Kompressoren Drücke von 1500 bis vornehmlich 3500 bar erzeugen. Die aus dem solcherart produzierten Hochdruck-Polyäthylen oder -Polypropylen hergestellten Folien werden auch zur Verpackung von Lebensmitteln verwendet. Die darin enthaltenen Spuren von Schmiermitteln können zum Teil in die damit in Berührung kommenden Lebensmittel gelangen und müssen daher genießbar sein.
Schmiermittel dieser Art und für diesen Zweck sind bekannt. In der DE-PS 2137590 wird ein solches Schmiermittel beschrieben, das aus einem weißen Mineralöl und 5 bis 50 %, vorzugsweise 20 bis 40 % eines Polybutens und 0,1 bis 1,0 %, vorzugsweise 0,1 bis 0,5 % einer Fettsäure mit 16 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen und/oder einem niederen Alkylester einer derartigen Fettsäure, sowie 0,01 bis 2 % eines Antioxidationsmittels (eines o-tert. Alkyl-substituierten Phenols) besteht. Die Fettsäuren oder deren niedere Alkylester, die als Additive zur Erhöhung der Schmierfähigkeit des Schmiermittels lL DE-PS 2137590 verwendet werden, bestehen aus gesättigten oder ungesättigten aliphatischen Monocarbonfettsäuren mit 8 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen sowie aus mehreren niederen Alkylestem, wobei die Alkylester bis zu ungefähr 5 Kohlenstoffatome enthalten, z. B. Methyloleat, n-Butylstearat oder dergleichen.
Das erfindungsgemäße Schmiermittel, vor allem in Bezug auf die Additive, ist neu und unterscheidet sich wesentlich von der erwähnten DE-PS 2137590.
Die Art und die mengenmäßigen Anteile der Additive sind von ausschlaggebender Bedeutung für die Qualität des Schmiermittels. Geringe Abweichungen von der Rezeptur können bereits zu starker Qualitätsverminderung führen. Aus diesem Grund kommt dem eifindungsgemäßen Schmiermittel eine große Erfindungshöhe zu, zumal eine ungeheure Anzahl von unterschiedlichen Additiven jeweils in zahlreichen Kombinationen, Mischungsverhältnissen und Konzentrationen untersucht werden muß.
Das erfindungsgemäße Schmiermittel unterscheidet sich wesentlich von der DE-PS 2137590 dadurch, daß es keine freien Fettsäuren enthält, die bekanntlich zu Korrosion führen (können); weiters enthält es keine niederen Alkylfettsäureester. Ferner besteht es nicht aus ungesättigten Fettsäuren oder deren niederen Alkylfettsäureestem, wie z. B. Ölsäure, Linolsäure, Linolensäure, deren chemische und thermische Stabilität sich als nicht optimal erweist.
Das erfindungsgemäße Schmiermittel enthält vielmehr - als Additive zu Verbesserung der Schmierwirkung -nur gesättigte Fettsäurederivate, in denen erstens keine freie Säuregruppe (Carboxylgruppe, COOH) und zweitens keine "ungeschützte" Zwei- oder Mehrfachbindung vorkommt; außerdem handelt es rieh beim erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermittel nicht um Ester einwertiger Alkohole, sondern ausnahmslos um solche von höheren eßbaren Alkoholen. Zu letzteren gehören z. B.
Propylenglykol (2 alkoholische Hydroxylgruppen),
Glycerin (3 alkoholische Hydroxylgruppen),
Eiythrit (4 alkoholische Hydroxylgruppen, 4 C-Atome),
Pentaerythrit (4 alkoholische Hydroxylgruppen, 5 C-Atome),
Hexite (6 alkoholische Hydroxylgruppen),
Mannit, Sorbit, Arabit.
Als Ausnahme gilt hier das Rizinusöl, ein Triglycerid, das die Ricinolsäuie enthält, eine Hydroxy-Ölsäure; diese besitzt nicht die leichte Oxidierbarkeit und Neigung zur thermischen Instabilität der Ölsäure, weil sie durch ihre Hydroxylgruppe "geschützt" (abgeschirmt) wird. Ricinusöl ist chemisch und thermisch sehr stabil, im Gegensatz zu Ölsäure und deren Estern.
Selbstverständlich ist die chemische und thermische Stabilität der Additive von ausschlaggebend» Bedeutung für die Qualität des Schmiermittels.
Das erfindungsgemäße Schmiermittel enthält vorzugsweise mehr als ein Additiv in Form von eßbaren Estern, insbesondere mindestens je ein Additiv in Form eines Esters von gesättigten Fettsäuren mit einem 2-, einem 3-, -2-
AT 396 477 B einem 4· und einem 6-wertigen Alkohol, wobei Ricinusöl vorzugsweise jeweils eine Komponente daistellt D» Gehalt an schmierwirkungsverbessemden Additiven beträgt in Summe zwischen 0,1 bis 3,0 Gewichtsprozent bezogen auf das fertige Schmiermittel.
Die Fettsäuren des Ricinusöles setzen sich wie folgt zusammen: 87 bis 91 % Ricinolsäure, 2 % Stearin- und Palmitinsäure, 1 bis 2 % Dihydroxystearinsäure, aber auch aus 2 bis 3 % Ölsäure und 3 bis 5 % Linolsäure. Da die beiden letzteren Bestandteile ungesättigte Fettsäuren sind, ist - neben der schützenden Wirkung der Hydroxylgruppe - der Zusatz von Antioxidationsmittel(n) zum Schmiermittel vorgesehen. Hydriertes Ricinusöl ist ein bei 84 bis 86 °C schmelzendes Hartfett mit wachsähnlichen Eigenschaften; auch in dieser Form ist es ein Additiv zur Verbesserung der Schmierwirkung des erfmdungsgemäßen Schmiermittels.
Die Additive lösen sich in der mineralischen Schmierölbasis besser, wenn die Mischung erwärmt wird, vor allem über den Schmelzpunkt des Additives mit dem höchsten Schmelzpunkt. Eine praktische Begrenzung für die Anwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Additive ist ein zu hoher Schmelzpunkt, weil die Erwärmung und das Wannhalten der Schmierölmischung bei Temperaturen über beispielsweise 100 °C umständlich und ungünstig ist.
Als Beispiel für eine Rezeptur nur für die Additive zur Schmierwirkungsverbesserung wird eine aus 5 verschiedenen derartigen Additiven bestehende Mischung angegeben:
Additiv Ester aus Gehalt im fertigen (Bezeichnung) Alkohol Fettsäure Schmiermittel in Gew.% Ricinusöl Glycerin Ricinols. 0,05 bis 0,5 % Pentaerythritester Pentaerythrit Stearin-, Palmitins. 0,06 bis 0,6 % Äthylhexylpalmitat Äthylhexylalkohol Palmitins. 0,03 bis 0,3 % Äthylhexylstearat Äthylhexylalkohol Stearins. 0,03 bis 0,3 % Sorbitantrist. Sorbit Stearins. 0,03 bis 0,3 %
Das Basis-Schmierölgemisch besteht jeweils aus etwa 40 bis 60 % Weißöl und etwa 60 bis 40 % Polybuten und/oder Polyisobuten.
Als eßbares Antioxidationsmittel (Alterungsschutzmittel) enthält das erfindungsgemäße Schmiermittel 0,05 bis 0,1 % einer Pentaerythritverbindung, oder 0,05 bis 0,1 % einer Anisolverbindung oder 0,05 bis 0,1 % einer Mischung aus beiden Verbindungen im Verhältnis von ungefähr 1:1, vorzugsweise verstärkt durch 0,01 bis 0,1 % einer organischen Phosphitverbindung.
Die Vorteile des erfmdungsgemäßen Schmiermittels mit den Additiven auf Esterbasis sind wie folgt: 1. Optimale thermische und chemische Stabilität sowie Schmierwirkungsverbesserung und Abriebverminderung durch die Auswahl eßbarer gesättigter Fettsäuren für den Säureteil der Ester; 2. desgleichen durch die Auswahl eßbar» höher» Alkohole mit 2 bis 6 Alkoholgruppen (Hydroxylgruppen) für den Alkoholteil d» Ester. 3. Optimale Abdeckung möglichst viel» und großer B»eiche d» Temperatur, des Druckes, d» Verweilzeit, der mechanischen Parameter (relative Geschwindigkeit der bewegten zu schmierenden Teile; deren Werkstoffzusammensetzung, Reibungskoeffizienten u. a.) durch vorzugsweise mehrere - mindestens aber zwei - Komponenten, wobei vorzugsweise Ricinusöl oder hydriertes Ricinusöl jeweils eine Komponente sein soll. 4. Der Gehalt an Schmiermitteladditiven beträgt in Summe 0,1 bis 3,0 Gewichtsprozent, unabhängig von der Anzahl der Komponenten, so daß sich im wesentlichen keine Verteuerung des Schmiermittels mit zunehmender Anzahl der Komponenten ergibt. 5. Gewünschte physikalische und chemische Eigenschaften wie beispielsweise niedriger Schmelz-(Erstarrungs-, Stock-) Punkt, hoher Siede- und Zündpunkt, niedriger Dampfdruck u. a. des Schmiermittels können durch entsprechende gezielte Auswahl der Ester als Additive erhalten werden; mehrwertige Alkohole gestatten Esterbildung mit 1 bis 2,6-wertige Alkohole mit bis zu 6 Alkoholgruppen, wobei freie, nichtveresterte Alkoholgruppen bestimmte gewünschte Eigenschaften ergeben, z. B. niedrigen Schmelzpunkt, gute Löslichkeit in der Schmiermittelbasis, hohe Viskosität bei erhöhten Temperaturen, u. a. 6. Freie Säuren, die sich u. U. als Abbauprodukte (spurenweise) bilden, z. B. infolge d» Oxidation einer alkoholischen Hydroxylgruppe, können mit anderen freien Alkoholgruppen zur Bildung neutral -3-

Claims (7)

  1. AT396477B reagierender eßbarer Ester führen; diese Esterbildung wird dadurch gefördert, daß das entstehende Reaktionswasser bei der herrschenden hohen Temperatur durch Verdunstung oder Verdampfung aus dem Schmiermittel entweicht und daher das chemische Gleichgewicht zugunsten der Esterbildung verschoben wird (Gleichgewichtskonstante, Massaiwirkungsgesetz). Freie, nicht veresterte alkoholische Hydroxylgruppen können daher durch Säureabbindung einen Alterungsschutz des Schmiermittels bewirken.
    7. Die chemisch sehr stabilen Ester da- höhaen gesättigten Fettsäuren unterliegen bei höherer Temperatur und längerer Verweilzeit einer teilweisen Oxidation, wobei ein ß-Abbau eintritt, so daß das jeweilige Oxidationsprodukt stets die nächstniedrigere Fettsäure ist; so entsteht z. B. aus dem Stearat das · ebenfalls schmierwirksame - Palmitat, usw. Die Fettsäureester besitzen daher die Wirkung eines "innewohnenden, eingebauten” Alterungsschutzes und wirken somit ähnlich wie ein Antioxidationsmittel.
    8. Dadurch, daß die erfmdungsgemäßen Schmiermitteladditive freie Alkoholgruppen im Ester enthalten können, erspart man sich die Zumischung von Alkoholen, z. B. von Fettalkoholen, die nicht imma die gewünschten Eigenschaften ergeben und die manchmal nicht eßbar sind.
    9. Gegenüber dem an sich bekannten alternativen Weg, aus mehrwertigen Säuren, z. B. Adipinsäure oder Fruchtsäuren Ester zu bilden, haben die erfmdungsgemäßen Schmiermitteladditive den Vorteil, bei Teilveresterung neutrale Alkoholgruppen aufzuweisen, während sich bei Teilveresterung mehrwertiger Säuren freie Säuregruppen ergeben, die wegen Korrosionsgefahr unerwünscht sind. Das Schmiermittel enthält außerdem einen Metallinhibitor (Metallabbinder), einen Desaktivator, 0,005 bis 0,5 Gew.% der fertigen Schmiermittelmischung, in Form eines Succinimid-Derivates oder eines Aminosäure-Derivates, z. B. N-Acyl-Sarkosan. Als zweites Beispiel - diesmal für eine Mischung aus nur zwei schmierwirksamen Additiven - ist die folgende Rezeptur angegeben: Additiv Ester aus Gehalt im fertigen (Bezeichnung) Alkohol Fettsäure Schmiermittel in Gew.% Ricinusöl Glycerin Ricinols. 0,12 bis 1,25% Sorbitantristearat Sorbit Stearinsäure 0,08 bis 0,75% Summe: 0,2 bis 2,0% Gegebenenfalls enthält das Schmiermittel zusätzlich einen höheren eßbaren Alkohol als Lösungsmittel und/oder Lösungsvermittlcr für die Additive. Zur Lösung der gestellten Aufgabe dienen erfindungsgemäß die Merkmale der Patentansprüche. PATENTANSPRÜCHE 1. Genießbares, insbesondere für Hochdruckkompressoren ersetzbares Hochdruckschmiermittel, zusammengesetzt aus einem Basisschmiermittel, das aus 40 bis 60 % Polybuten und/oder Polyisobuten und 60 bis 40 % Weißöl einerseits, und andererseits aus mindestens zwei Additiven besteht, die die Schmierwirkung verbessern, sowie aus mindestens einem Antioxidationsmittel und mindestens einem metalläbbindenden Desaktivator besteht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Additive zur Verbesserung der Schmierwirkung aus mindestens zwei Estern von genießbaren Alkoholen mit mindestens zwei Alkoholgruppen bestehen, die jeweils mit mindestens einer höheren gesättigten Fettsäure verestert sind, wobei die Summe der Gehalte an Additiven mit Schmierwirkungsverbesserung 0,1 bis 3,0 Gewichtsprozent beträgt, bezogen auf das fertige Schmiermittel.
  2. 2. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens ein Additiv zur Schmiermittelverbesserung aus einem derartigen Ester mit mindestens einer freien Alkoholgruppe (Hydroxylgruppe) besteht. -4- AT 396 477 B
  3. 3. Schmiermittel nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die genießbaren Fettsäureteile in den derartigen Estern gesättigt sind und zusätzlich auch das ungesättigte Ricinusöl, das Triglycerid der Ricinolsäure und der ungesättigten Hydroxyölsäure als derartiges Additiv verwendet werden kann.
  4. 4. Schmiermittel nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die genießbaren Alkohole der derartigen schmierwirkungsverbessemden genießbaren Ester vorzugsweise Propylenglykol, Glycerin, Erythrit, Pentaerythrit, Arabit und die Hexite (Mannit, Sorbit) sowie deren genießbare Alkoholderivate sind.
  5. 5. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es 0,05 bis 2,0 Gewichtsprozent - bezogen auf die fertige Schmiermittelmischung - mindestens eines an sich bekannten Antioxidationsmittels enthält, bestehend aus einem genießbaren Anisolderivat und/oder einem genießbaren Pentaerythrit-Fettsäureesterderivat mit einer radikal abbindbaren Amin- und Hydroxylgruppe und/oder 0,01 bis 1,0 Gewichtsprozent einer organischen Phosphitverbindung.
  6. 6. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es als Additiv 0,005 bis 0,5 %, bezogen auf die fertige Schmiermittelmischung, mindestens eines an sich bekannten, für Nahrungsmittel-Kontaktierung zulässigen Desaktivators (Metallspurenabbinders) enthält, insbesondere in Form eines Succinimid-Derivates oder eines Aminosäure-Derivates, vorzugsweise N-Acyl-Sarkosan.
  7. 7. Schmiermittel nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es gegebenenfalls als zusätzliches Additiv mindestens einen an sich bekannten, genießbaren thermisch und chemisch stabilen höheren ein- oder mehrwertigen Alkohol als Lösungsvermittler für die Additive enthält -5-
AT0173590A 1990-08-23 1990-08-23 Geniessbares schmiermittel mit zusatz von schmierwirkungsverbessernden estern aus fettsäuren und höheren alkoholen AT396477B (de)

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AT0173590A AT396477B (de) 1990-08-23 1990-08-23 Geniessbares schmiermittel mit zusatz von schmierwirkungsverbessernden estern aus fettsäuren und höheren alkoholen
CS922719A CZ271992A3 (en) 1990-08-23 1992-08-31 Edible high-pressure lubricant, usable particularly for high-pressure compressors
DE4229383A DE4229383C2 (de) 1990-08-23 1992-09-03 Genießbares Schmiermittel mit Zusatz von schmierwirkungsverbessernden Estern aus Fettsäuren und höheren Alkoholen

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AT0173590A AT396477B (de) 1990-08-23 1990-08-23 Geniessbares schmiermittel mit zusatz von schmierwirkungsverbessernden estern aus fettsäuren und höheren alkoholen
CS922719A CZ271992A3 (en) 1990-08-23 1992-08-31 Edible high-pressure lubricant, usable particularly for high-pressure compressors
DE4229383A DE4229383C2 (de) 1990-08-23 1992-09-03 Genießbares Schmiermittel mit Zusatz von schmierwirkungsverbessernden Estern aus Fettsäuren und höheren Alkoholen

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ATE291611T1 (de) * 1994-06-24 2005-04-15 Crompton Corp Schmieröl mit schmierbedingungsabhängiger wirkung
GB9420312D0 (en) * 1994-10-08 1994-11-23 Exxon Research Engineering Co Lubricating grease for open gears, cables, etc
FR2753986B1 (fr) * 1996-09-30 1998-10-30 Elf Antar France Lubrifiant pour hypercompresseur et procede d'obtention
FR2763597B1 (fr) * 1997-05-20 1999-12-17 Igol Ind Composition d'huile lubrifiante formee par un polyester de sucre biodegradable et non-toxique
US6087308A (en) * 1998-12-22 2000-07-11 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Non-sludging, high temperature resistant food compatible lubricant for food processing machinery
DE10138687A1 (de) 2001-08-07 2003-02-27 Suedzucker Ag Kohlenhydrat-Ester für Schmierstoffanwendungen
DE10138686A1 (de) 2001-08-07 2003-02-27 Suedzucker Ag Verwendung einer Polyester-Zusammensetzung als Hydraulikfluid
US20090298731A1 (en) 2008-06-03 2009-12-03 Inolex Investment Corporation Method of Lubricating Food Processing Equipment and Related Food Grade, High Temperature Lubricants and Compositions
SG184560A1 (en) 2010-04-12 2012-11-29 Lubrizol Corp Food grade compressor lubricant

Citations (2)

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EP0127293A2 (de) * 1983-04-24 1984-12-05 HENKEL CORPORATION (a Delaware corp.) Schmierölzusammensetzungen für das Spulen
JPH06206289A (ja) * 1992-09-07 1994-07-26 Toppan Printing Co Ltd 包装材料

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US4062785A (en) * 1976-02-23 1977-12-13 Borg-Warner Corporation Food-compatible lubricant
US5102567A (en) * 1990-06-25 1992-04-07 Amoco Corporation High performance food-grade lubricating oil

Patent Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0127293A2 (de) * 1983-04-24 1984-12-05 HENKEL CORPORATION (a Delaware corp.) Schmierölzusammensetzungen für das Spulen
JPH06206289A (ja) * 1992-09-07 1994-07-26 Toppan Printing Co Ltd 包装材料

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