DE4229383C2 - Genießbares Schmiermittel mit Zusatz von schmierwirkungsverbessernden Estern aus Fettsäuren und höheren Alkoholen - Google Patents

Genießbares Schmiermittel mit Zusatz von schmierwirkungsverbessernden Estern aus Fettsäuren und höheren Alkoholen

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Publication number
DE4229383C2
DE4229383C2 DE4229383A DE4229383A DE4229383C2 DE 4229383 C2 DE4229383 C2 DE 4229383C2 DE 4229383 A DE4229383 A DE 4229383A DE 4229383 A DE4229383 A DE 4229383A DE 4229383 C2 DE4229383 C2 DE 4229383C2
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DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
lubricant
edible
additives
ester
esters
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
DE4229383A
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English (en)
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DE4229383A1 (de
Inventor
Gerfrid Dipl Ing Newesely
Rudolf Dipl Ing Kauders
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Esso Austria GmbH
Original Assignee
Technol Mineraloel-Veredlungs-Gesellschaft Mbh Wien At
TECHNOL MINERALOEL VEREDLUNGS
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to AT0173590A priority Critical patent/AT396477B/de
Priority to CS922719A priority patent/CZ271992A3/cs
Application filed by Technol Mineraloel-Veredlungs-Gesellschaft Mbh Wien At, TECHNOL MINERALOEL VEREDLUNGS filed Critical Technol Mineraloel-Veredlungs-Gesellschaft Mbh Wien At
Priority to DE4229383A priority patent/DE4229383C2/de
Publication of DE4229383A1 publication Critical patent/DE4229383A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE4229383C2 publication Critical patent/DE4229383C2/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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    • C10M169/00Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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    • C10M107/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M107/02Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
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    • C10M129/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
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    • C10M133/04Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
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Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein genießbares, insbesondere für Hochdruckkompressoren einsetzbares Hochdruckschmiermittel nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1.
Als "genießbar" bezeichnete, also praktisch ungiftige Schmiermittel benötigt man bekanntlich zur Schmierung von Maschinenteilen, wenn Anteile - meist nur Spuren - des Schmiermittels mittelbar oder unmittelbar in Nahrungs-, Genuß- und Lebensmittel gelangen können.
Sie sind aber auch im Hinblick auf die geringere Schädlichkeit für die Umwelt von Vorteil, verglichen mit herkömmlichen, manchmal giftige Substanzen enthaltenden Schmiermitteln. Eßbare Substanzen sind entweder
  • a) ungiftig und verdaulich, wie beispielsweise pflanzliche und tierische Fette und Öle oder
  • b) ungiftig, weil unlöslich und chemisch inert, wie beispielsweise Paraffinum-liquidum, das unverdaut ausgeschieden wird.
Das erfindungsgemäße Schmiermittel ist ein Gemisch bestehend zum Großteil aus der Gruppe b) in Form der Basis-Schmiermittelmischung sowie aus den eßbaren Stoffen der Gruppe a) in Form von Additiven.
Es eignet sich insbesondere für Hochdruckkompressoren, die zur Herstellung von Polyolefinen (Hochdruck-Polyathylen und -Polypropylen) aus den entsprechenden monomeren Gasen dienen, wobei diese Kompressoren Drücke von 1500 bis vornehmlich 3500 bar erzeugen. Die aus dem solcherart produzierten Hochdruck-Polyäthylen oder -Polypropylen hergestellten Folien werden auch zur Verpackung von Lebensmitteln verwendet. Die darin enthaltenen Spuren von Schmiermitteln können zum Teil in die damit in Berührung kommenden Lebensmittel gelangen und müssen daher genießbar sein.
Schmiermittel dieser Art und für diesen Zweck sind bekannt. In der DE-PS 21 37 590 wird ein solches Schmiermittel beschrieben, das aus einem weißen Mineralöl und 5 bis 50%, vorzugsweise 20 bis 40% eines Polybutens und 0,1 bis 1,0%, vorzugsweise 0,1 bis 0,5% einer Fettsäure mit 16 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen und/ oder einem niederen Alkylester einer derartigen Fettsäure, sowie 0,01 bis 2% eines Antioxidationsmittels (eines o-tert. Alkyl-substituierten Phenols) besteht. Die Fettsäuren oder deren niedere Alkylester, die als Additive zur Erhöhung der Schmierfähigkeit des Schmiermittels lt. DE-PS 21 37 590 verwendet werden, bestehen aus gesättigten oder ungesättigten aliphatischen Monocarbonfettsäuren mit 8 bis 22 Kohlen­ stoffatomen sowie aus mehreren niederen Alkylestern, wobei die Alkylester bis zu ungefähr 5 Kohlenstoffatome enthalten, z. B. Methyloleat, oder n-Butylstearat.
Das erfindungsgemäße Schmiermittel, vor allem in Bezug auf die Additive, ist neu und unterscheidet sich wesentlich von der erwähnten DE-PS 21 37 590.
Die Art und die mengenmäßigen Anteile der Additive sind von ausschlaggebender Bedeutung für die Qualität des Schmier­ mittels. Geringe Abweichungen von der Rezeptur können bereits zu starker Qualitätsverminderung führen. Aus diesem Grund kommt dem erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermittel eine große Erfindungshöhe zu, zumal eine ungeheure Anzahl von unter­ schiedlichen Additiven jeweils in zahlreichen Kombinationen, Mischungsverhältnissen und Konzentrationen untersucht werden muß.
Das erfindungsgemäße Schmiermittel unterscheidet sich wesentlich von der DE-PS 21 37 590 dadurch, daß es keine freien Fettsäuren enthält, die bekanntlich zu Korrosion führen (können); weiters enthält es keine niederen Alkylfettsäure­ ester. Ferner besteht es nicht aus ungesättigten Fettsäuren oder deren niederen Alkylfettsäureestern, wie z. B. Ölsäure, Linolsäure, Linolensäure, deren chemische und thermische Stabilität sich als nicht optimal erweist.
Das erfindungsgemäße Schmiermittel enthält vielmehr - als Additive zur Verbesserung der Schmierwirkung - nur gesättigte Fettsäurederivate, in denen erstens keine freie Säuregruppe (Carboxylgruppe, COOH) und zweitens keine "ungeschützte" Zwei- oder Mehrfachbindung vorkommt; außerdem handelt es sich beim erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermittel nicht um Ester einwertiger Alkohole, sondern ausnahmslos um solche von höheren eßbaren Alkoholen. Zu letzteren gehören z. B.
Propylenglykol (2 alkoholische Hydroxylgruppen),
Glycerin (3 alkoholische Hydroxylgruppen),
Erythrit (4 alkoholische Hydroxylgruppen, 4 C-Atome)
Pentaerythrit (4 alkoholische Hydroxylgruppen, 5 C-Atome),
Arabit (5 alkoholische Hydroxylgruppen, 5 C-Atome),
Hexite (6 alkoholische Hydroxylgruppen),
wie Mannit oder Sorbit.
Als Ausnahme gilt hier das Rizinusöl, ein Triglycerid, das die Ricinolsäure enthält, eine Hydrox-Ölsäure; diese besitzt
nicht die leichte Oxidierbarkeit und Neigung zur thermischen Instabilität der Ölsäure, weil sie durch ihre Hydroxylgruppe "geschützt" (abgeschirmt) wird. Ricinusöl ist chemisch und thermisch sehr stabil, im Gegensatz zu Ölsäure und deren Estern.
Selbstverständlich ist die chemische und thermische Stabilität der Additive von ausschlaggebender Bedeutung für die Qualität des Schmiermittels.
Das erfindungsgemäße Schmiermittel enthält mehr als ein Additiv in Form von eßbaren Estern, insbesondere mindestens je ein Additiv in Form eines Esters von gesättigten Fettsäuren mit einem 2-, einem 3-, einem 4- und einem 6wertigen Alkohol, wobei Ricinusöl vorzugsweise jeweils eine Komponente darstellt.
Der Gehalt an schmierwirkungsverbessernden Additiven beträgt in Summe zwischen 0,1 bis 3,0 Gewichtsprozent bezogen auf das fertige Schmiermittel.
Die Fettsäuren des Ricinusöles setzen sich wie folgt zusammen: 87 bis 91% Ricinolsäure, 2% Stearin- und Palmitinsäure, 1 bis 2% Dihydroxystearinsäure, aber auch aus 2 bis 3% Ölsäure und 3 bis 5% Linolsäure. Da die beiden letzteren Bestandteile ungesättigte Fettsäuren sind, ist - neben der schützenden Wirkung der Hydroxylgruppe - der Zusatz von Antioxidations­ mittel (n) zum Schmiermittel vorgesehen. Hydriertes Ricinusöl ist ein bei 84 bis 86°C schmelzendes Hartfett mit wachsähn­ lichen Eigenschaften; auch in dieser Form ist es ein Additiv zur Verbesserung der Schmierwirkung des erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermittels.
Die Additive lösen sich in der mineralischen Schmierölbasis besser, wenn die Mischung erwärmt wird, vor allem über den Schmelzpunkt des Additives mit dem höchsten Schmelzpunkt. Eine praktische Begrenzung für die Anwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Additive ist ein zu hoher Schmelzpunkt, weil die Erwärmung und das Warmhalten der Schmierölmischung bei Temperaturen über beispielsweise 100°C umständlich und ungünstig ist.
Als Beispiel für eine Rezeptur nur für die Additive zur Schmierwirkungsverbesserung wird eine aus 5 verschiedenen derartigen Additiven bestehende Mischung angegeben:
Das Basis-Schmierölgemisch besteht jeweils aus etwa 40 bis 60% Weißöl und etwa 60 bis 40% Polybuten und/oder Polyisobuten.
Als eßbares Antioxidationsmittel (Alterungsschutzmittel) enthält das erfindungsgemäße Schmiermittel 0,05 bis 0,1% einer Pentaerythritverbindung, oder 0,05 bis 0,1% einer Anisol­ verbindung oder 0,05 bis 0,1% einer Mischung aus beiden Verbindungen im Verhältnis von ungefähr 1 : 1, vorzugsweise verstärkt durch 0,01 bis 0,1% einer organischen Phosphit­ verbindung.
Die Vorteile des erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermittels mit den Additiven auf Esterbasis sind wie folgt:
  • 1. optimale thermische und chemische Stabilität sowie Schmier­ wirkungsverbesserung und Abriebverminderung durch die Aus­ wahl eßbarer gesättigter Fettsäuren für den Säureteil der Ester;
  • 2. desgleichen durch die Auswahl eßbarer höherer Alkohole mit 2 bis 6 Alkoholgruppen (Hydroxylgruppen) für den Alkoholteil der Ester.
  • 3. Optimale Abdeckung möglichst vieler und großer Bereiche der Temperatur, des Druckes, der Verweilzeit, der mechanischen Parameter (relative Geschwindigkeit der bewegten zu schmierenden Teilen; deren Werkstoffzusammensetzung, Reibungskoeffizienten u. a.) durch vorzugsweise mehrere - mindestens aber zwei - Komponenten, wobei vorzugsweise Ricinusöl oder hydriertes Ricinusöl jeweils eine Komponenten sein soll.
  • 4. Der Gehalt an Schmiermitteladditiven beträgt in Summe 0,1 bis 3,0 Gewichtsprozent, unabhängig von der Anzahl der Komponenten, so daß sich im wesentlichen keine Verteuerung des Schmiermittels mit zunehmender Anzahl der Komponenten ergibt.
  • 5. Gewünschte physikalische und chemische Eigenschaften wie beispielsweise niedriger Schmelz-(Erstarrungs-, Stock-) Punkt, hoher Siede- und Zündpunkt, niedriger Dampfdruck u. a. des Schmiermittels können durch entsprechende gezielte Auswahl der Ester als Additive erhalten werden; mehrwertige Alkohole gestatten Esterbildung mit 1 bis 2, 6wertige Alkohole mit bis zu 5 Alkoholgruppen, wobei freie, nicht veresterte Alkoholgruppen bestimmte gewünschte Eigenschaften ergeben, z. B. niedrigen Schmelz­ punkt, gute Löslichkeit in der Schmiermittelbasis, hohe Viskosität bei erhöhten Temperaturen, u. a.
  • 6. Freie Säuren, die sich u. U. als Abbauprodukte (spuren­ weise) bilden, z. B. infolge der Oxidation einer alkoholi­ schen Hydroxylgruppe, können mit anderen freien Alkohol­ gruppen zur Bildung neutral reagierender eßbarer Ester füh­ ren; diese Esterbildung wird dadurch gefördert, daß das entsprechende Reaktionswasser bei der herrschenden hohen Temperatur durch Verdunstung oder Verdampfung aus dem Schmiermittel entweicht und daher das chemische Gleich­ gewicht zugunsten der Esterbildung verschoben wird (Gleichgewichtskonstante, Massenwirkungsgesetz). Freie nicht veresterte alkoholische Hydroxylgruppen können daher durch Säureabbindung einen Alterungsschutz des Schmier­ mittels bewirken.
  • 7. Die chemisch sehr stabilen Ester der höheren gesättigten Fettsäuren unterliegen bei höherer Temperatur und längerer Verweilzeit einer teilweisen Oxidation, wobei ein β-Abbau eintritt, so daß das jeweilige Oxidationsprodukt stets die nächstniedrigere Fettsäure ist; so entsteht z. B. aus dem Stearat das - ebenfalls schmierwirksame - Palmitat, usw.
    Die Fettsäureester besitzen daher die Wirkung eines "inne­ wohnenden, eingebauten" Alterungsschutzes und wirken somit ähnlich wie ein Antioxidationsmittel.
  • 8. Dadurch, daß die erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermitteladditive freie Alkoholgruppen im Ester enthalten können, erspart man sich die Zumischung von Alkoholen, z. B. von Fettalkoholen, die nicht immer die gewünschten Eigenschaften ergeben und die manchmal nicht eßbar sind.
  • 9. Gegenüber dem an sich bekannten alternativen Weg, aus mehr­ wertigen Säuren, z. B. Adipinsäure oder Fruchtsäuren Ester zu bilden, haben die erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermitteladdi­ tive den Vorteil, bei Teilveresterung neutrale Alkohol­ gruppen aufzuweisen, während sich bei Teilveresterung mehrwertiger Säuren freie Säuregruppen ergeben, die wegen Korrosionsgefahr unerwünscht sind.
Das Schmiermittel enthält außerdem einen Metallinhibitor (Metallabbinder), einen Desaktivator, 0,005 bis 0,5.Gew.% der fertigen Schmiermittelmischung, in Form eines Succinimid-Deri­ vates oder eines Aminosäure-Derivates, z. B. N-Acyl-Sarkosin.
Als zweites Beispiel - diesmal für eine Mischung aus nur zwei schmierwirksamen Additiven - ist die folgende Rezeptur angege­ ben:
Als drittes Beispiel - diesmal für eine Mischung, in deren Addditiven nur Fettsäureester aus gesättigten Fettsäuren enthalten sind - ist die folgende Rezeptur angegeben:
Gegebenenfalls enthält das Schmiermittel zusätzlich einen höheren eßbaren Alkohol als Lösungsmittel und/oder Lösungsvermittler für die Additive.

Claims (6)

1. Genießbares, insbesondere für Hochdruckkompressoren einsetzbares Hochdruckschmiermittel, zusammengesetzt aus einem Basisschmiermittel, aus 40 bis 60% Polybuten und/oder Polyisobuten und 60 bis 40% Weißöl und aus mindestens zwei Additiven, die die Schmierwirkung verbessern, sowie aus mindestens einem Antioxidationsmittel und mindestens einem metallabbindenden Desaktivator, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Additive zur Verbesserung der Schmierwirkung aus mindestens zwei Estern von genießbaren Alkoholen mit 2 bis 6 Alkoholgruppen, die jeweils mit mindestens einer gesättigten Fettsäure mit 8 bis 22 C-Atomen verestert sind, oder aus mindestens einem derartigen Ester und Ricinusöl bestehen, wobei die Summe der Gehalte an Additiven mit Schmierwirkungsverbesserung 0,1 bis 3,0 Gewichtsprozent beträgt, bezogen auf das fertige Schmiermittel.
2. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens ein Additiv zur Schmiermittelverbesserung aus einem derartigen Ester mit mindestens einer freien Alkoholgruppe besteht.
3. Schmiermittel nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die genießbaren Alkohole der derartigen schmierwirkungsverbessernden genießbaren Ester Propylenglykol, Glycerin, Erythrit, Pentaerythrit, Arabit, Mannit und Sorbit sind.
4. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es 0,05 bis 2,0 Gewichtsprozent - bezogen auf die fertige Schmiermittelmischung - mindestens eines an sich bekannten Antioxidationsmittels enthält, bestehend aus einem genießbaren Anisolderivat und/oder einem genießbaren Pentaerythrit- Fettsäureesterderivat mit einer radikal abbindbaren Amin- und Hydroxylgruppe und/oder 0,01 bis 1,0 Gewichtsprozent einer organischen Phosphitverbindung.
5. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es als Additiv 0,005 bis 0,5%, bezogen auf die fertige Schmiermittelmischung, mindestens eines an sich bekannten, für Nahrungsmittel-Kontaktierung zulässigen Desaktivators (Metallspurenabbinders) enthält, insbesondere in Form eines Succinimid-Derivates oder eines Aminosäure-Derivates, vorzugsweise N-Acyl-Sarkosin.
6. Schmiermittel nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es als zusätzliches Additiv mindestens einen an sich bekannten, genießbaren thermisch und chemisch stabilen höheren ein- oder mehrwertigen Alkohol als Lösungsvermittler für die Additive enthält.
DE4229383A 1990-08-23 1992-09-03 Genießbares Schmiermittel mit Zusatz von schmierwirkungsverbessernden Estern aus Fettsäuren und höheren Alkoholen Expired - Fee Related DE4229383C2 (de)

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AT0173590A AT396477B (de) 1990-08-23 1990-08-23 Geniessbares schmiermittel mit zusatz von schmierwirkungsverbessernden estern aus fettsäuren und höheren alkoholen
CS922719A CZ271992A3 (en) 1990-08-23 1992-08-31 Edible high-pressure lubricant, usable particularly for high-pressure compressors
DE4229383A DE4229383C2 (de) 1990-08-23 1992-09-03 Genießbares Schmiermittel mit Zusatz von schmierwirkungsverbessernden Estern aus Fettsäuren und höheren Alkoholen

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AT0173590A AT396477B (de) 1990-08-23 1990-08-23 Geniessbares schmiermittel mit zusatz von schmierwirkungsverbessernden estern aus fettsäuren und höheren alkoholen
CS922719A CZ271992A3 (en) 1990-08-23 1992-08-31 Edible high-pressure lubricant, usable particularly for high-pressure compressors
DE4229383A DE4229383C2 (de) 1990-08-23 1992-09-03 Genießbares Schmiermittel mit Zusatz von schmierwirkungsverbessernden Estern aus Fettsäuren und höheren Alkoholen

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WO2003014269A1 (de) 2001-08-07 2003-02-20 Südzucker Aktiengesellschaft Verwendung einer polyester-zusammensetzung als hydraulikfluid

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EP0694603B1 (de) * 1994-06-24 2005-03-23 Crompton Corporation Schmieröl mit Schmierbedingungsabhängiger Wirkung
GB9420312D0 (en) * 1994-10-08 1994-11-23 Exxon Research Engineering Co Lubricating grease for open gears, cables, etc
FR2753986B1 (fr) * 1996-09-30 1998-10-30 Elf Antar France Lubrifiant pour hypercompresseur et procede d'obtention
FR2763597B1 (fr) * 1997-05-20 1999-12-17 Igol Ind Composition d'huile lubrifiante formee par un polyester de sucre biodegradable et non-toxique
US6087308A (en) * 1998-12-22 2000-07-11 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Non-sludging, high temperature resistant food compatible lubricant for food processing machinery
DE10138687A1 (de) 2001-08-07 2003-02-27 Suedzucker Ag Kohlenhydrat-Ester für Schmierstoffanwendungen
CA2726988C (en) 2008-06-03 2015-02-10 Inolex Investment Corporation Methods of lubricating food processing equipment and related food grade, high temperature lubricants and compositions
MY156979A (en) * 2010-04-12 2016-04-15 Lubrizol Corp Food grade compressor lubricant

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US4062785A (en) * 1976-02-23 1977-12-13 Borg-Warner Corporation Food-compatible lubricant
EP0127293A3 (de) * 1983-04-24 1987-04-15 HENKEL CORPORATION (a Delaware corp.) Schmierölzusammensetzungen für das Spulen
US5102567A (en) * 1990-06-25 1992-04-07 Amoco Corporation High performance food-grade lubricating oil
JPH06206289A (ja) * 1992-09-07 1994-07-26 Toppan Printing Co Ltd 包装材料

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003014269A1 (de) 2001-08-07 2003-02-20 Südzucker Aktiengesellschaft Verwendung einer polyester-zusammensetzung als hydraulikfluid

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